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Dermanyssus gallinae

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that will normally attack its host at night, but will occasionally feed during the day. Adults are 0.75–1 mm (0.030–0.039 in) long, with long legs and usually a grayish-white body, which becomes reddish-brown when engorged. After feeding, they hide in cracks and crevices away from light
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Elimination of an infestation in a human habitation is best achieved through a combination of eliminating potential vectors (nesting pigeons, backyard poultry, etc.); reducing potential hiding places (rugs, clutter); judicious use of pesticides; consistent use of dehumidifiers to maintain a low
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A presumptive diagnosis can be made in flocks of laying hens, usually based on a history of decreasing egg production, anaemia and mortalities in young or ill birds. Blood spots on eggs indicate infestation within the cloaca of an affected hen. Definitive diagnosis is only achieved following
643: 2062: 2197: 275:. It has been implicated as a vector of several major pathogenic diseases. Despite its common names, it has a wide range of hosts including several species of wild birds and mammals, including humans, where the condition it causes is called 455:, included those resistant to old acaricides. It is approved for oral administration mixed with the drinking water and has a systemic mode of action, i.e. it acts through the blood of the treated birds. The macrocyclic lactones 217: 1781:
Harrington, David; Canales, Mario; de la Fuente, José; De Luna, Carlos; Robinson, Karen; Guy, Jonathan; Sparagano, Olivier (2009). "Immunisation with recombinant proteins subolesin and Bm86 for the control of
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infestations are known as gamasoidosis or dermanyssosis. The mites are capable of digesting and reproducing entirely on human blood, so infestations can be persistent. Due to the nocturnal feeding habits of
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have been shown to impact mite reproduction and blood-meal digestion in one study, though other studies found ivermectin to be ineffective except at doses "unfavourably close to those causing toxicity".
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is effective against mites resistant to the veteran acaricides and can even be used on premises in the presence of the laying hens. A novel product, Exzolt was introduced in the EU in 2017, it contains
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humidity environment; maintaining a low temperature in the environment; frequent thorough cleaning; minimizing the amount of time spent in the home; and maintaining excellent hygiene.
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in badly affected flocks of poultry. Young birds are most susceptible. The mites can also affect the health of the birds indirectly, as they may serve as vectors for diseases such as
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can survive for up to 10 months in an empty hen house. Temperatures greater than 45 °C (113 °F) and less than −20 °C (−4 °F), have been found to be lethal.
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George, D.R.; Shiel, R.S.; Appleby, W.G.C.; Knox, A.; Guy, J.H. (2010). "In vitro and in vivo acaricidal activity and residual toxicity of spinosad to the poultry red mite,
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Cafiero, Maria Assunta; Barlaam, Alessandra; Camarda, Antonio; Radeski, Miroslav; Mul, Monique; Sparagano, Olivier; Giangaspero, Annunziata (2019-09-13).
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Kang, JeongWoo; Hossain, Md Akil; Jeong, Jiyeon; Park, Haechul; Kim, Jin-Hyun; Kang, Min-Su; Kwon, Yong-Kuk; Kim, Yong-Sang; Park, Sung-Won (2020-03-18).
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Prevention of infestation in human habitation consists of eliminating potential vectors such as destroying pigeon and sparrow nests and treating infested
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Vaccines are currently under active development for the treatment of poultry, which seek to "stimulate a protective response" in the birds and increase
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Schiavone, Antonella; Pugliese, Nicola; Otranto, Domenico; Samarelli, Rossella; Circella, Elena; De Virgilio, Caterina; Camarda, Antonio (2022-01-20).
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Nordenfors, Helena; Höglund, Johan; Uggla, Arvid (1999). "Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Oviposition, Molting, and Longevity of
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Sparagano, O.A.E.; George, D.R.; Harrington, D.W.J.; Giangaspero, A. (2014). "Significance and Control of the Poultry Red Mite,
558:, infested people may experience itching and notice bites when they wake up in the morning. The severity of symptoms vary, with 2588: 2475: 2226: 230: 442:
was reported by Beugnet et al 1997 and new cases continue to be reported as of 2020 by Katsavou et al 2020. The insecticide
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can be used to treat affected poultry, these chemical controls, if used, should be used in rotation to avoid the buildup of
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Kilpinen, O.; Roepstorff, A.; Permin, A.; Nørgaard-Nielsen, G.; Lawson, L. G.; Simonsen, H. B. (2005-02-01). "Influence of
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The mites normally feed around the breast and legs of hens, causing pain, irritation, and a decrease in egg production.
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and different lighting regimens on selected blood proteins, corticosterone levels and egg production in layer hens"
2501: 2583: 2410: 1853:(Degeer, 1778) (Acarina: Dermanyssidae) in New York City resulting in sanguisugent attacks upon the occupants". 1569:
Xu, Xiaolin; Wang, Chuanwen; Zhang, Shudong; Huang, Yu; Pan, Tingting; Wang, Bohan; Pan, Baoliang (2019-07-12).
2613: 2318: 2236:, A comprehensive guide to identifying and controlling red mite, including life cycle diagram, photos and FAQs. 1420: 2245: 1980:
Bellanger, A. P.; Bories, C.; Foulet, F.; Bretagne, S.; Botterel, F. (2008). "Nosocomial Dermatitis Caused by
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Sparagano, O.A.E.; Giangaspero, A. (2011). "Parasitism in egg production systems: The role of the red mite (
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Bruneau, A.; Dernburg, A.; Chauve, C.; Zenner, L. (June 2001). "First in vitro cycle of the chicken mite,
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Whitehead, M. L.; Roberts, V. (2014). "Backyard poultry: Legislation, zoonoses and disease prevention".
439: 431: 306: 168: 2550: 2511: 2353: 473: 423: 2251: 2242:, Photographs of typical red mite infestations including macro photograph in backyard poultry coops 516:. Birkett et al 2011 and George et al 2009 identify particular plants whose EOs successfully repel 243: 1514:
Brauneis, Maria D.; Zoller, Hartmut; Williams, Heike; Zschiesche, Eva; Heckeroth, Anja R. (2017).
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James WD, Berger T, Elston D (2015). "Parasitic infestations, stings and bites: Gamasoidosis".
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Rosen, S.; Yeruham, I.; Braverman, Y. (2002). "Dermatitis in humans associated with the mites
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Kos L, Galbraith S (2011). "Infections and infestations". In Schachner LA, Hansen RC (eds.).
2332: 2113: 2103: 2036: 1993: 1946: 1862: 1795: 1753: 1737: 1696: 1688: 1645: 1604: 1586: 1571:"Acaricidal efficacy of orally administered macrocyclic lactones against poultry red mites ( 1541: 1531: 1485: 1428: 1364: 1317: 1274: 1229: 1163: 1097: 1056: 1021: 976: 930: 885: 875: 827: 777: 759: 711: 596:
is rare in cats and dogs; usually the extremities and the back are bitten, causing itching.
419: 372: 2239: 1516:"The acaricidal speed of kill of orally administered fluralaner against poultry red mites ( 1012:
Haag-Wackernagel, D. (2005). "Parasites from feral pigeons as a health hazard for humans".
2537: 2519: 2271:. Information on products being used by back garden poultry fanciers to control Red Mites. 614: 592:
will also feed on mammals, including cats, dogs, rodents, rabbits, horses. Infestation by
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Red mite, bird mite, poultry mite, red poultry mite, roost mite, chicken mite, pigeon mite
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Lesna, Izabela; Sabelis, Maurice W.; Van Niekerk, Thea G. C. M.; Komdeur, Jan (2012).
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George DR, Finn RD, Graham KM, Mul MF, Maurer V, Moro CV, Sparagano OA (March 2015).
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sources, where they mate and lay eggs. Mites progress through five life stages: egg,
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Chirico, J.; Eriksson, H.; Fossum, O.; Jansson, D. (2003). "The poultry red mite,
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Desloire, Sophie; Valiente Moro, Claire; Chauve, Claude; Zenner, Lionel (2006).
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There are several methods for preventing infestation in hen houses including:
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can be completed within seven days, so populations can grow rapidly, causing
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Sokół, Rajmund; Koziatek-Sadłowska, Sylwia; Michalczyk, Maria (2019-02-01).
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Heating the henhouse to temperatures above 55 °C (131 °F).
279:. In both size and appearance, it resembles the northern fowl mite, 2371: 1997: 1407:: review of knowledge and prospects for Integrated Pest Management" 2545: 2254:
and close up photos for smallholders and backyard chicken keepers.
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Williams, R. W. (1958). "An infestation of a human habitation by
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Soulié, Anne-Sophie; Sleeckx, Nathalie; Roy, Lise (2021-01-06).
2278: 748:: the long journey of the poultry red mite to become a vector" 498:
and direct-spraying has been proposed as a novel treatment.
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Zeman, P. (1987). "Systemic efficacy of ivermectin against
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Improving the Safety and Quality of Eggs and Egg Products
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Mul, Monique F.; Koenraadt, Constantianus J. M. (2009).
1088:(DeGeer 1778), utilizing an artificial feeding device". 864:
be of wider concern for veterinary and medical science?"
30:"Red mite" redirects here. For the red spider mite, see 384:
identification of eggs, feces or the mites themselves.
1828:(12 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 446. 809: 807: 805: 803: 801: 1855:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
1673:"Laboratory tests for controlling poultry red mites ( 1520:) on laying hens and its impact on mite reproduction" 913:
Weisbroth, Steven H. (1960). "The Differentiation of
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Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology
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infections on behaviour and health of laying hens (
696:"Comparison of four methods of extracting DNA from 237: 207: 200: 451:, an isoxazoline, and is highly effective against 675:List of mites associated with cutaneous reactions 2252:Red Mite Information on Accidental Smallholder 1986:Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 1819: 1817: 1509: 1507: 1351:Chauve, Claude (1998). "The poultry red mite 1306:in poultry facilities using the HACCP method" 853: 851: 849: 8: 2248:Infestation is not limited to chicken coops. 545:to reach dermal capillaries (not to scale). 399:Regular washing down of the housing system. 2275: 2180: 2155:Manual of skin diseases of the dog and cat 216: 197: 49: 38: 2117: 2107: 1757: 1700: 1608: 1590: 1545: 1535: 1432: 980: 889: 879: 781: 763: 715: 367:in hens which presents as pallor of the 2240:Red Mite Page on keeping-chickens.me.uk 2063:"Bird mites - prevention and treatment" 1302:"Preventing introduction and spread of 686: 603: 402:Treatment of the walls and floors with 410:prior to introduction of the new hens. 359:If they are present in large numbers, 1137: 1135: 7: 2551:40E51713-3699-B891-8C3E-A507CD95E59A 2512:6184aec6-e546-4442-9ee7-220dd7b8ace8 2411:7ff9e80b-8f53-47a3-b207-874210da1d7a 954: 952: 737: 735: 2234:Red Mite Guide on poultrykeeper.com 438:are widely used. The first case of 1681:Experimental and Applied Acarology 1310:Experimental and Applied Acarology 969:Veterinary Research Communications 832:10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162101 25: 1939:Medical and Veterinary Entomology 1222:Medical and Veterinary Entomology 2220: 2029:Journal of Small Animal Practice 1951:10.1046/j.1365-2915.2002.00386.x 1234:10.1046/j.1365-2915.2003.00428.x 1026:10.1111/j.1744-7348.2005.00029.x 642: 626: 606: 62: 2246:Red Mite infestation in houses 2092:attacks humans. Mind the gap!" 356:and feather loss may develop. 1: 2109:10.1080/03079457.2019.1633010 1800:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.04.014 1730:Journal of Veterinary Science 1369:10.1016/S0304-4017(98)00167-8 1267:Journal of Medical Entomology 1220:causing erysipelas in hens". 860:"Should the poultry red mite 1650:10.1016/0304-4017(87)90032-X 1490:10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.06.035 1434:10.24349/acarologia/20214412 1218:Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 585:Infestation in other animals 541:piercing skin with its long 324:Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 1636:(De Geer, 1778) in fowls". 1061:10.1533/9780857093912.3.394 820:Annual Review of Entomology 2630: 765:10.1186/s13071-021-05142-1 633:Immature form Nymph II of 527: 29: 2594:Animals described in 1778 1693:10.1007/s10493-012-9596-z 1592:10.1186/s13071-019-3599-0 1537:10.1186/s13071-017-2534-5 1322:10.1007/s10493-009-9250-6 1265:(Acari: Dermanyssidae)". 1168:10.1080/00071660400023839 1102:10.1017/S0031182001008836 1014:Annals of Applied Biology 982:10.1007/s11259-018-9743-z 881:10.1186/s13071-015-0768-7 224: 215: 174: 167: 59:Scientific classification 57: 48: 41: 1867:10.4269/ajtmh.1958.7.627 1216:, a potential vector of 1152:Gallus gallus domesticus 471:Predatory mites such as 2579:Agricultural pest mites 1742:10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e37 1638:Veterinary Parasitology 1579:Parasites & Vectors 1524:Parasites & Vectors 1478:Veterinary Parasitology 1357:Veterinary Parasitology 1279:10.1093/jmedent/36.1.68 1156:British Poultry Science 919:Ornithonyssus sylviarum 868:Parasites & Vectors 752:Parasites & Vectors 700:(Acari: Dermanyssidae)" 483:can be used to control 282:Ornithonyssus sylviarum 2067:www.sahealth.sa.gov.au 717:10.1051/vetres:2006031 546: 229:with "stiletto-shaped 2589:Veterinary entomology 2229:at Wikimedia Commons 1898:Pediatric dermatology 1421:Les Amis d'Acarologia 537: 524:Infestation in humans 440:pyrethroid resistance 2406:Fauna Europaea (new) 2333:Dermanyssus_gallinae 2319:Dermanyssus gallinae 2289:Dermanyssus gallinae 2259:Dermanyssus gallinae 2227:Dermanyssus gallinae 2151:Dermanyssus gallinae 2149:Paterson S (2009). " 2090:Dermanysuss gallinae 1982:Dermanyssus gallinae 1935:Androlaelaps casalis 1931:Ornithonyssus bacoti 1927:Dermanyssus gallinae 1851:Dermanyssus gallinae 1784:Dermanyssus gallinae 1675:Dermanyssus gallinae 1634:Dermanyssus gallinae 1573:Dermanyssus gallinae 1518:Dermanyssus gallinae 1474:Dermanyssus gallinae 1405:Dermanyssus gallinae 1353:Dermanyssus gallinae 1304:Dermanyssus gallinae 1263:Dermanyssus gallinae 1214:Dermanyssus gallinae 1144:Dermanyssus gallinae 1086:Dermanyssus gallinae 1055:. pp. 394–414. 1049:Dermanyssus gallinae 963:Dermanyssus gallinae 915:Dermanyssus gallinae 862:Dermanyssus gallinae 816:Dermanyssus gallinae 746:Dermanyssus gallinae 651:Dermanyssus gallinae 635:Dermanyssus gallinae 619:Dermanyssus gallinae 590:Dermanyssus gallinae 539:Dermanyssus gallinae 512:products can act as 474:Androlaelaps casalis 319:avian spirochaetosis 294:Dermanyssus gallinae 257:Dermanyssus gallinae 227:Dermanyssus gallinae 202:Dermanyssus gallinae 178:Dermanyssus gallinae 43:Dermanyssus gallinae 2604:Parasites of humans 704:Veterinary Research 335:Infestation in hens 260:(also known as the 244:Veterinary medicine 2599:Parasites of birds 2269:Red Mite Treatment 2041:10.1111/jsap.12254 961:"The influence of 547: 490:Exposing mites to 340:Signs and symptoms 248:infectious disease 2561: 2560: 2533:Open Tree of Life 2281:Taxon identifiers 2225:Media related to 2217: 2216: 2102:(sup1): S22–S34. 1794:(30): 4056–4063. 568:papular urticaria 420:Ectoparasiticides 354:hyperpigmentation 253: 252: 195:Medical condition 193: 192: 16:(Redirected from 2621: 2584:Poultry diseases 2554: 2553: 2541: 2540: 2528: 2527: 2515: 2514: 2505: 2504: 2492: 2491: 2489:NHMSYS0021157998 2479: 2478: 2466: 2465: 2453: 2452: 2440: 2439: 2427: 2426: 2414: 2413: 2401: 2400: 2388: 2387: 2375: 2374: 2362: 2361: 2349: 2348: 2336: 2335: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2308: 2307: 2306: 2276: 2224: 2181: 2169: 2168: 2146: 2140: 2139: 2121: 2111: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2074: 2073: 2059: 2053: 2052: 2024: 2018: 2017: 1977: 1971: 1970: 1923:Pyemotes tritici 1918: 1912: 1911: 1893: 1887: 1886: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1821: 1812: 1811: 1778: 1772: 1771: 1761: 1721: 1715: 1714: 1704: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1644:(1–2): 141–146. 1629: 1623: 1622: 1612: 1594: 1566: 1560: 1559: 1549: 1539: 1511: 1502: 1501: 1484:(3–4): 307–316. 1469: 1463: 1454: 1436: 1398: 1381: 1380: 1348: 1342: 1341: 1316:(1–2): 167–181. 1297: 1291: 1290: 1258: 1212: 1211: 1205: 1196: 1195: 1139: 1130: 1129: 1081: 1075: 1074: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1009: 1003: 1002: 984: 956: 947: 946: 910: 904: 903: 893: 883: 855: 844: 843: 811: 796: 795: 785: 767: 739: 730: 729: 719: 691: 653:by A.C. Oudemans 646: 637:by A.C. Oudemans 630: 621:by A.C. Oudemans 610: 575:backyard poultry 556:D. gallinae 428:Organophosphates 220: 198: 180: 160:D. gallinae 67: 66: 53: 39: 21: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2614:Parasitic acari 2564: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2549: 2544: 2536: 2531: 2523: 2520:Observation.org 2518: 2510: 2508: 2500: 2495: 2487: 2482: 2474: 2469: 2461: 2456: 2448: 2443: 2435: 2430: 2422: 2417: 2409: 2404: 2396: 2391: 2383: 2378: 2370: 2365: 2357: 2352: 2344: 2339: 2331: 2326: 2317: 2316: 2311: 2302: 2301: 2296: 2283: 2218: 2213: 2212: 2192: 2178: 2173: 2172: 2165: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2096:Avian Pathology 2085: 2084: 2080: 2071: 2069: 2061: 2060: 2056: 2035:(10): 487–496. 2026: 2025: 2021: 1979: 1978: 1974: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1908: 1895: 1894: 1890: 1848: 1847: 1843: 1836: 1823: 1822: 1815: 1780: 1779: 1775: 1723: 1722: 1718: 1670: 1669: 1665: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1568: 1567: 1563: 1513: 1512: 1505: 1471: 1470: 1466: 1400: 1399: 1384: 1350: 1349: 1345: 1299: 1298: 1294: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1209: 1208: 1199: 1148:Ascaridia galli 1141: 1140: 1133: 1083: 1082: 1078: 1071: 1046: 1045: 1041: 1011: 1010: 1006: 958: 957: 950: 935:10.2307/1587499 912: 911: 907: 857: 856: 847: 813: 812: 799: 741: 740: 733: 693: 692: 688: 683: 661: 654: 647: 638: 631: 622: 611: 602: 587: 532: 526: 480:Hypoaspis miles 417: 390: 381: 342: 337: 296:is an obligate 291: 196: 189: 182: 176: 163: 61: 35: 28: 27:Species of mite 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2627: 2625: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2566: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2555: 2542: 2529: 2516: 2506: 2493: 2480: 2467: 2454: 2441: 2428: 2415: 2402: 2393:Fauna Europaea 2389: 2376: 2363: 2350: 2337: 2324: 2309: 2293: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2266: 2255: 2249: 2243: 2237: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2193: 2188: 2187: 2185: 2184:Classification 2177: 2176:External links 2174: 2171: 2170: 2163: 2141: 2078: 2054: 2019: 1998:10.1086/528815 1992:(3): 282–283. 1972: 1945:(4): 442–444. 1913: 1906: 1888: 1861:(6): 627–629. 1841: 1834: 1813: 1773: 1716: 1687:(4): 371–383. 1663: 1624: 1561: 1503: 1464: 1382: 1363:(3): 239–245. 1343: 1292: 1253: 1228:(2): 232–234. 1197: 1131: 1096:(6): 583–589. 1076: 1069: 1039: 1020:(2): 203–210. 1004: 948: 929:(2): 133–137. 923:Avian Diseases 905: 845: 797: 731: 710:(5): 725–732. 685: 684: 682: 679: 678: 677: 672: 667: 660: 657: 656: 655: 648: 641: 639: 632: 625: 623: 613:Immature form 612: 605: 601: 598: 586: 583: 570:being common. 525: 522: 492:carbon dioxide 416: 413: 412: 411: 400: 397: 389: 386: 380: 377: 341: 338: 336: 333: 290: 287: 266:haematophagous 251: 250: 241: 235: 234: 222: 221: 213: 212: 209: 205: 204: 194: 191: 190: 183: 172: 171: 165: 164: 157: 155: 151: 150: 143: 139: 138: 133: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 113: 109: 108: 103: 99: 98: 93: 89: 88: 83: 79: 78: 73: 69: 68: 55: 54: 46: 45: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2626: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2609:Ectoparasites 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2571: 2569: 2552: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2530: 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Index

Red mite
spider mite

Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Eukaryota
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chelicerata
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Dermanyssidae
Dermanyssus
Binomial name
De Geer

mandibles
Specialty
Veterinary medicine
infectious disease
haematophagous
ectoparasite
poultry
gamasoidosis
Ornithonyssus sylviarum
blood feeder
larva
life cycle
anaemia
Salmonellosis

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