35:
804:
297:
vehicles for a population of 1.8 million inhabitants, which explains the frequent traffic jams in the city. The citizens are forced to find alternative ways of reaching their destinations, given that overcrowding prevents the users of boarding the buses. For opponents of the government, the quality system has worsened since the last bid. Bicycle riders are also forced to illegally use the dedicated lanes, since
Curitiba's accessibility to bicycle lanes is poor: Curitiba has just 35 km of exclusive bicycles lanes.
819:
719:
593:
136:
306:
581:
610:: these are large high-capacity buses that have exclusive traffic lanes, spreading radially from the city centre in 5 directions. They are treated as an "above-ground subway" because of their speed, capacity and frequent service. They have bright red colour schemes and operate with tubular shaped stations. Passengers pay to enter the stations. This allows very quick boarding and disembarking.
1806:
567:
Despite the success the system has been subject to criticism. Overcrowding is common at peak times and none of the routes extend beyond the municipal boundary of the city which forces passengers in the generally poorer outlying suburbs to have to change buses and pay two fares. The system has also
296:
Recently, the transportation system has been facing problems due to its reduced fleet and lack of maintenance. Buses represent only 1% of automobiles and overcrowding is a serious problem. Curitiba is the
Brazilian capital with the highest automobiles per inhabitants ratio, with 1.2 million
204:
vehicles, and stop at designated elevated tube-shaped stations to allow for fare prepayment and platform level boarding, complete with handicapped access. A small ramp folds down from the bus onto the platform so there is no gap to cross to enter or leave the vehicle. All door loading and fare
834:
The environmental performance of alternative fuels are significant and contribute to improving air quality, especially in large cities of Brazil, where public transport systems are still largely made up of buses. These alternatives also produce social impact, since Brazil is a major producer of
335:
that suggested a reduction of private vehicle traffic in the downtown area and a convenient and affordable public transit system. The plan also sought to concentrate development along the bus routes to maximise the benefit of the high capacity system.
358:
Five of these roads form a star that converges to the city centre. Land farther from these roads is zoned for lower density developments, to reduce traffic away from the main roads. A number of areas subject to floods were condemned and became parks.
34:
316:
Public transportation in
Curitiba has over one hundred years of history. The first system was a tram pulled by a mule during the imperial time in 1887. From 1910, Curitiba grew faster, so in 1912 an electrical tram replaced the mule-tracked one.
205:
prepayment allows for short dwell times in stations. 20% of the stations have passing lanes to allow for express services The system, used by 85% of
Curitiba's population (2.3 million passengers a day), is the source of inspiration for the
663:: hese are local bus lines and are painted orange. All of them link one passenger terminal to a neighbourhood and feed the express buses and other RIT lines with passengers. Large windows allow better sightseeing.
1171:
on Bus Rapid
Transit, as well as in a study by the Japanese Institute for Global Environment Strategies with the UN Collaborating Center on Energy and Environment at the Risoe National Laboratory of Denmark
351:. This uses two one-way streets moving in opposite directions which surround a smaller, two-lane street where the express buses have their exclusive lane. This concept was first adopted in 1979, with the
1619:
1541:
631:: these are green buses that travel outside downtown. Lines 1 and 2 circle the city centre, the latter with a bigger radius. Lines 3 to 6 are important connections between some neighbourhoods.
1794:
362:
In 1980, the last line was building and the Rede
Integrada de Transporte was created, allowing transit between any point in the city by paying just one fare. This part was inspired of the
568:
faced declining patronage and lost 14 million users between 2008 and 2014 while other
Brazilian cities maintained or increased public transport usage. Plans are underway to install an
1663:
559:
by the ITDP in 2013. The remaining five RIT routes were given the Silver
Standard making the RIT one of the few systems with all routes having either a Silver or Gold ranking.
320:
By the 1960s, Curitiba's population ballooned to 430,000, and some residents feared that the growth in population threatened to drastically change the character of the city.
929:
552:
2030:
1772:
1231:
728:
Curitiba has 21 transit centers, where it is possible to transfer between routes for free. Most of them are connected by bus lanes and offer riders great flexibility.
1235:
1787:
380:
1293:
1707:
1641:
1836:
619:": they operate the same routes as the "Expresso Biarticulado", but there are less bus stops than the Express bus, which makes the bus ride even faster.
651:), these are silver buses designed to be the fastest links between two points. They cover large distances with few stops. They link with tube stations.
1780:
673:: these small white buses are designed to circle the city centre, and are used by pedestrians as a quick way of getting to the other side of the area.
1050:
1209:
2116:
1271:
922:
185:, implemented in 1974. It was one of the first BRT systems in the world and a component of one of the first and most successful examples of
1999:
1186:
367:
1003:
1452:
1381:
1846:
974:
352:
332:
1856:
1555:
1884:
1428:
1576:
2012:
803:
193:
186:
1956:
1098:
897:
548:
555:(ITDP). The Green Line is also only one of twelve BRT routes across seven systems around the globe to be awarded the
1082:
258:
347:
to vehicles, because it had very high pedestrian traffic. The plan had a new road design to minimise traffic: the
1951:
1761:
196:, which includes dedicated lanes on major streets for a bus rapid transit system. The buses are long, with 157
1406:
278:
1974:
1057:
2007:
1989:
1729:
1685:
1315:
818:
1337:
1766:
1120:
569:
250:
39:
Green Line (Linha Verde) biarticulated express buses (ligeirão) at
Marechal Floriano Station (Linha 550)
1944:
843:, and the increased use of alternative fuels causes the generation of jobs, particularly in the field:
709:
50.00 / US$ 9.30 (2021) allows one to get on and off the bus five times, at the attraction of interest.
1168:
1936:
1907:
1879:
1841:
348:
340:
214:
17:
718:
2036:
1979:
390:
The system has introduced a number of developments since in commenced as shown in the table below:
166:
161:
1359:
1007:
1897:
1620:"Ônibus foram responsáveis por 71 acidentes com pedestres e ciclistas em 2007 – Vida e Cidadania"
990:
933:
344:
197:
1917:
1249:
722:
585:
1642:"Biarticulado invade loja na região central de Curitiba – Paraná-Online – Paranaense como você"
592:
324:
2022:
1984:
1520:
1225:
1173:
970:
862:
262:
174:
67:
1597:
2085:
2068:
1456:
1385:
1478:
1164:
1890:
1831:
1272:"Passageiros reclamam que superlotação é constante – Paraná-Online – Paranaense como você"
878:
On 23 November 2008, a bus crashed into a store in
Curitiba and 3 passengers were injured.
850:
201:
135:
1686:"Corpos das vítimas de acidente de ônibus são enterrados em Curitiba – Vida e Cidadania"
1294:"Bem Paraná – Bancada de oposição cobra respostas para problemas do transporte coletivo"
547:
In 2010 the RIT received an "honorable mention" for the Green Line (Linha Verda) at the
1912:
1861:
1499:
1210:"Curitiba tem maior frota de veículos por habitantes do Brasil « Área de Trabalho"
962:
706:
274:
254:
1142:
305:
2110:
1871:
1818:
923:"Recapturing Global Leadership in Bus Rapid Transit – A Survey of Select U.S. Cities"
2056:
1902:
1826:
902:
881:
On 28 January 2009, a woman died after falling from an overcrowded bus in movement.
580:
556:
328:
309:
286:
226:
206:
1029:
282:
266:
2062:
1927:
1730:"Acidente entre biarticulado e ligeirinho deixa 40 feridos – Vida e Cidadania"
822:
384:
270:
1754:
1664:"Mulher morre após cair de ônibus superlotado em Curitiba – Vida e Cidadania"
847:
812:
446:
290:
242:
234:
210:
1338:"Mais do que lazer, bicicleta é transporte alternativo – Vida e Cidadania"
1851:
979:, Chapter 10/Creating a Linear City with a Surface Metro: Curitiba Brazil
238:
178:
53:
2090:
2043:
1086:
840:
836:
808:
246:
230:
1542:"Sistema de ônibus curitibano perdeu 14 milhões de usuários em 4 anos"
1316:"Em teste, ciclistas teimam em andar nas canaletas – Vida e Cidadania"
1805:
1187:"Bem Paraná – Ônibus são 1% da frota, mas estão em 10% dos acidentes"
695:: these white buses circle the town and link the main city hospitals.
363:
182:
57:
685:: these yellow-colored buses operate radially from the city centre.
1418:
The plan is well documented and can be seen in the bus route map:
717:
591:
579:
304:
261:
of the Los Angeles, California, The Strip and Downtown Express in
1099:"Curitiba's Bus Rapid Transit: 2.3 Million Passengers a Day"
1966:
858:
705:: these colourful buses focus on the city's attractions. Paying
371:
222:
218:
1776:
887:
On 8 January 2011, 2 buses collided and 37 people were injured.
387:) praised Curitiba as "the most innovative city in the world".
2095:
993:, describing the success of the city master plan in numbers.
1121:"BBC mentions transit system as landmark of Brazil's south"
989:
The US Government Environmental Protection Agency website
884:
On 10 June 2010, 2 men died after being run over by a bus.
1708:"Acidente entre dois ônibus deixa 37 feridos em Curitiba"
1360:"Curitiba Transportation System: BRT = Bus Rapid Transit"
1384:. Transcripts.cnn.com. 24 December 2000. Archived from
1382:"Undisputed history of project as told by CNN reporter"
312:, architect and designer of Curitiba's transport system
572:
on claims the BRT cannot provide sufficient capacity.
1810:
Urban public transport networks and systems in Brazil
969:, Island Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 265–296,
2078:
2021:
1998:
1965:
1926:
1870:
1815:
930:
Institute for Transportation and Development Policy
553:
Institute for Transportation and Development Policy
526:
OPENINGS:Sul (1974), Norte (1974), Boqueirão (1977)
115:
110:
102:
97:
89:
81:
73:
63:
49:
44:
27:
1479:"Ahmedabad Wins 2010 Sustainable Transport Award"
807:Curitiba's bi-articulated bus running with 100%
381:United Nations Conference on Human Settlements
331:, who later became mayor, led a team from the
1788:
1407:A História do Transporte Coletivo de Curitiba
8:
1230:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1163:Indian Institute of Technology Delhi states
1429:"Curitiba, the cradle of Bus Rapid Transit"
1250:"CMI Brasil – Inferno nas ruas de Curitiba"
1208:sábado, 27 setembro, 2008 (21 April 2008).
394:Key components of RIT development over time
1795:
1781:
1773:
1234:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1165:Bangalore to adopt Curitiba transit system
265:and for a future transportation system in
124:
957:
955:
485:+Inter-neighbourhood +Direct (Ligeirinho)
1767:Proposed electric transport for Curitiba
817:
802:
397:
162:[ˈʁedʒĩĩteˈɡɾadɐdʒitɾɐ̃sˈpɔʁtʃi]
1556:"IS A METRO THE SOLUTION FOR CURITIBA?"
1453:"Technical Datasheet Curitiba – Brazil"
991:highlights the Curitiba transit project
914:
825:provide feeder services in some routes.
468:Paper and coin based ticketing (manual)
126:
1223:
875:In 2007, 71 accidents were registered.
327:solicited proposals for urban design.
24:
343:, was adopted in 1968. Lerner closed
160:
7:
1732:. Gazeta do Povo. 30 September 2010
1688:. Gazeta do Povo. 30 September 2010
200:(split into three sections) and 29
14:
1756:Urbs, Urbanização de Curitiba S/A
366:a sistem that was created by the
289:, Argentina, and for the city of
171:Integrated Transportation Network
1804:
1598:"URBS – Urbanização de Curitiba"
1083:study on Curitiba transportation
1004:"Latin America /Brazil/Curitiba"
364:National Urban Transport Company
192:Curitiba has a well planned and
134:
33:
2046:(São Paulo, under construction)
1167:. These cities are listed in a
1145:. Lanacion.com.ar. 13 June 2008
823:Hybrid biodiesel-electric buses
493:+Overtaking at busway stations
1544:. Gazeta do Povo. 2 June 2012.
1212:. Areadetrabalho.wordpress.com
370:of the neighboring country of
333:Universidade Federal do Paraná
1:
1577:"Metro In Curitiba Is Coming"
1521:"Cracks in the Curitiba Myth"
16:For other uses of "RIT", see
2117:Rede Integrada de Transporte
1409:Retrieved on 30 January 2009
1169:study from Sidney University
1143:"Diario La Nación (Spanish)"
457:Closed terminals (paid area)
353:North–South Trunk Line (RIT)
194:integrated transport network
187:transit-oriented development
150:Rede Integrada de Transporte
28:Rede Integrada de Transporte
898:Bus Rapid Transit in Brazil
549:Sustainable Transport Award
2133:
2031:Corredor Metropolitano ABD
932:. May 2011. Archived from
529:Leste (1980), Oeste (1980)
15:
1600:. Urbs.curitiba.pr.gov.br
482:Trunk-and-feeder services
158:Portuguese pronunciation:
123:
32:
339:This plan, known as the
1985:Santa Teresa Tram (Rio)
1710:. Noticias.terra.com.br
1252:. Midiaindependente.org
667:"Downtown Circulator" (
1644:. Parana-online.com.br
1174:which echoes this list
967:The Transit Metropolis
826:
815:
799:Alternative propulsion
725:
723:A bus stop in the city
597:
589:
543:Awards and recognition
428:Real time information
313:
1500:"Best Practices 2013"
1085:by The University of
821:
806:
721:
624:Inter-neighbourhood (
605:Expresso Biarticulado
595:
583:
514:Dispatch at terminals
503:Metropolitan services
308:
251:Emerald Express (EmX)
1947:(under construction)
1939:(under construction)
1893:(under construction)
475:Electronic ticketing
439:Bi-articulated buses
341:Curitiba Master Plan
18:RIT (disambiguation)
2037:Expresso Tiradentes
1362:. Mariavazphoto.com
865:blend with diesel).
751:Campina do Siqueira
349:Trinary Road System
1388:on 2 December 2008
1296:. Bemparana.com.br
1189:. Bemparana.com.br
1063:on 6 February 2009
1051:"Publictransit.us"
1010:on 8 February 2014
827:
816:
726:
643:: commonly called
598:
590:
534:Linha Verde (2009)
521:Real time control
433:Conventional buses
345:15 November Street
314:
202:single-articulated
82:Number of stations
2104:
2103:
2079:Ticketing systems
1816:Metropolitan area
1459:on 26 August 2014
863:anhydrous ethanol
645:ônibus ligeirinho
570:underground metro
557:Gold BRT Standard
540:
539:
488:+Special services
436:Articulated buses
418:Bus stop shelters
277:, Guatemala, the
263:Las Vegas, Nevada
175:bus rapid transit
147:
146:
143:
142:
93:2,300,000 per day
68:Bus rapid transit
2124:
2071:(Rio de Janeiro)
2065:(Rio de Janeiro)
2059:(Rio de Janeiro)
1975:Campos do Jordao
1885:Federal District
1809:
1808:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1774:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1666:. Gazeta do Povo
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1622:. Gazeta do Povo
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1455:. Archived from
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1433:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1340:. Gazeta do Povo
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1318:. Gazeta do Povo
1312:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1229:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1183:
1177:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1095:
1089:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1062:
1056:. Archived from
1055:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1006:. Archived from
1000:
994:
987:
981:
980:
959:
950:
948:
946:
944:
938:
927:
919:
787:Santa Felicidade
689:Interhospitals (
683:
678:Regular routes (
661:
641:
629:
617:
608:
596:Direct Line unit
398:
177:(BRT) system in
164:
159:
138:
125:
37:
25:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2074:
2017:
1994:
1961:
1922:
1866:
1817:
1811:
1803:
1801:
1762:Chairman of RIT
1751:
1746:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1002:
1001:
997:
988:
984:
977:
963:Cervero, Robert
961:
960:
953:
942:
940:
936:
925:
921:
920:
916:
911:
894:
872:
855:Frying Oil B-20
832:
801:
796:
757:Capão da Imbuia
716:
714:Transit centers
677:
669:Circular Centro
655:
635:
623:
615:
602:
578:
565:
545:
396:
323:In 1964, Mayor
303:
249:as well as the
157:
152:(also known as
103:Began operation
90:Daily ridership
74:Number of lines
40:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2130:
2128:
2120:
2119:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2040:
2034:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1952:Rio de Janeiro
1949:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1908:Rio de Janeiro
1905:
1900:
1895:
1887:
1882:
1880:Belo Horizonte
1876:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1852:Rio de Janeiro
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1827:Crato–Juazeiro
1823:
1821:
1813:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1759:
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1749:External links
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1090:
1074:
1042:
1030:"Curitiba BRT"
1021:
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754:Campo Comprido
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699:Tourism line (
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691:Interhospitais
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636:Direct lines (
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1101:. TreeHugger
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934:the original
917:
903:Electric bus
833:
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700:
698:
690:
688:
680:Convencional
679:
676:
668:
666:
657:
654:
648:
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638:Linha Direta
637:
634:
626:Interbairros
625:
622:
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604:
601:
586:tube-station
566:
546:
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379:In 1996 the
378:
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361:
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329:Jaime Lerner
322:
319:
315:
310:Jaime Lerner
295:
287:Buenos Aires
227:TransJakarta
213:, Colombia,
207:TransMilenio
191:
170:
153:
149:
148:
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64:Transit type
22:
2039:(São Paulo)
2033:(São Paulo)
1837:João Pessoa
778:Pinheirinho
736:Barreirinha
733:Bairro Alto
658:Alimentador
649:quickie bus
283:Mexico City
267:Panama City
2063:Transoeste
2053:(Curitiba)
1928:Light rail
1736:18 October
1714:18 October
1692:18 October
1670:18 October
1648:18 October
1626:18 October
1604:18 October
1392:18 October
1366:18 October
1344:18 October
1322:18 October
1300:18 October
1278:18 October
1256:18 October
1216:18 October
1193:18 October
1149:18 October
1127:18 October
1105:18 October
1067:18 October
909:References
772:Fazendinha
766:Centenário
760:Capão Raso
551:'s of the
385:Habitat II
368:government
273:system in
271:Transmetro
269:, Panama,
167:Portuguese
128:System map
2013:São Paulo
1918:São Paulo
1857:São Paulo
1832:Fortaleza
1582:24 August
1561:24 August
1526:24 August
1505:24 August
1484:24 August
1463:24 August
1437:24 August
1035:24 August
1014:24 August
870:Incidents
848:Biodiesel
813:biodiesel
742:Boqueirão
739:Boa Vista
603:Express (
563:Criticism
447:biodiesel
325:Ivo Arzua
291:Bangalore
243:Guayaquil
235:Indonesia
111:Technical
98:Operation
2111:Category
1980:Itatinga
1913:Salvador
1862:Teresina
1226:cite web
965:(1998),
892:See also
837:soybeans
830:Biofuels
656:Feeder (
616:Ligeirão
584:How the
449:) buses
279:Metrobús
239:Metrovia
179:Curitiba
54:Curitiba
45:Overview
2091:RioCard
2044:BRT ABC
1087:Upsalla
841:ethanol
811:-based
809:soybean
301:History
247:Ecuador
231:Jakarta
173:) is a
119:81.4 km
2008:Santos
1990:Santos
1957:Santos
1945:Maceió
1937:Cuiabá
1903:Recife
1891:Manaus
1842:Maceió
973:
943:7 June
781:Portão
745:Cabral
576:Routes
445:B100 (
259:G Line
255:Eugene
211:Bogotá
183:Brazil
58:Brazil
50:Locale
1847:Natal
1432:(PDF)
1123:. BBC
1061:(PDF)
1054:(PDF)
949:pp. 5
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