369:
297:: depending on design constraints their field of view is the user's naked eye field of view, and their non-focusing collimated nature means they do not have the optical telescopes constraint of eye relief. Reflector sights can be combined with telescopes, usually by placing the telescope directly behind the sight so it can view the projected reticle creating a telescopic sight, but this re-introduces the problems of narrow field of view and limited eye relief. The primary drawback of reflector sight is that they need some way to illuminate the reticle to function. Reticles illuminated by ambient light are hard to use in low light situations, and sights with electrical illumination stop functioning altogether if that system fails.
132:) will appear to be sitting in front of the viewer at infinity. Reflector sights employ some form of "reflector" to allow the viewer to see the infinity image and the field of view at the same time, either by bouncing the image created by lens off a slanted glass plate, or by using a mostly clear curved glass reflector that images the reticle while the viewer looks through the reflector. Since the reticle is at infinity, it stays in alignment with the device to which the sight is attached regardless of the viewer's eye position, removing most of the
717:(also called collimating or "occluded eye gunsight" (OEG)) are simply the optical collimator focusing a reticle without any optical window. The viewer cannot see through them and only sees an image of the reticle. They are used either with both eyes open while one looks into the sight, with one eye open and moving the head to alternately see the sight and then at the target, or using one eye to partially see the sight and target at the same time. The reticle is illuminated by an electric, radioluminescent or passive ambient light source. The
306:
196:
645:(also known as "mini reflex sights" and "mini red dots") take advantage of the fact that the reflector sight's only optical element, the optical window, does not need any housing at all. This configuration consists of a base with just the necessary reflective surface for collimating the reticle mounted on it. Due to their diminished profile, open sights do not usually accommodate filters and other accessory options typically supported by tube designs.
315:
487:(HUD). The illuminated reticle was eventually replaced by a video screen at the focus of the collimating optics that not only gave a sighting point and information from a lead-finding computer and radar, but also various aircraft indicators (such as an artificial horizon, compass, altitude and airspeed indicators), facilitating the visual tracking of targets or the transition from instrument to visual methods during landings.
356:
World War II the reflector sight was being used on many types of weapons besides aircraft, including anti-aircraft guns, naval guns, anti-tank weapons, and many other weapons where the user needed the simplicity and quick target acquisition nature of the sight. Through its development in the 1930s and into World War II the sight was also being referred to in some applications by the abbreviation "
462:
385:(sights composed of two spaced metal aiming points that have to be aligned). Iron sights take considerable experience and skill in the user who has to hold a proper eye position and focus exclusively on the front sight, keeping it centered on the (unfocused) rear sight, while keeping the whole centered on a target at different distances, requiring alignment of all three
657:
433:
496:
105:, first produced in 1943, used on British army guns, naval guns, and as a pilot sight and a defensive gun sight on aircraft. The reticle image in this sight is produced by an optical collimator bounced off a beam splitter. The dot remains on the target even though the viewer's head is moved side to side
355:
It was noted soon after its invention that the sight could be a good alternative to iron sights and also had uses in surveying and measuring equipment. The reflector sight was first used on German fighter aircraft in 1918 and widely adopted on all kinds of fighter and bomber aircraft in the 1930s. By
244:
at infinity. The collimated reticle image can also be seen at any eye position in the cylindrical volume of collimated light created by the sight behind the optical window. But this also means, for targets closer than infinity, sighting towards the edge of the optical window can make the reticle move
346:
It would be possible to conceive an arrangement by which a fine beam of light like that from a search light would be projected from a gun in the direction of its axis and so adjusted as to correspond with the line of fire so that wherever the beam of light impinged upon an object the shot would hit.
453:
fighters. There was some interest in this sight after World War I but reflector sights in general were not widely adopted for fighter and bomber aircraft until the 1930s, first by the French, then by most other major airforces. These sights were not only used for aiming fighter aircraft, they were
444:
of Berlin, working from the Grubb patents, developed two versions what came to be known as the Oigee
Reflector Sight. Both used a 45 degree angle glass beam splitter and electrical illumination and were used to aim the plane's machine guns. One version was used in operational trials on the biplane
396:
image produced by the sight is only truly parallax free at infinity, the sight has an error circle equal to the diameter of the collimating optics for any target at a finite distance. Depending on the eye position behind the sight and the closeness of the target this induces some aiming error. For
252:
A common type (used in applications such as aircraft gun sights) uses a collimating lens and a beam splitter. This type tends to be bulky since it requires at least two optical components, the lens and the beam splitter/glass plate. The reticle collimation optics are situated at 90° to the optical
457:
Reflector sights as aircraft gun-sights have many advantages. The pilot/gunner need not position their head to align the sight line precisely as they did in two-point mechanical sights, head position is only limited to that determined by the optics in the collimator, mostly by the diameter of the
261:
type used on small arms. It is also possible to place the reticle between the viewer and the curved mirror at the mirror's focus. The reticle itself is too close to the eye to be in focus but the curved mirror presents the viewer with an image of the reticle at infinity. This type was invented by
725:
are two examples of commercially available ambient lit collimator sights. These sights have the advantage of requiring less illumination for the reticle for the same level of usability, due to the high contrast black background behind the reticle. For this reason occluded eye gunsights were more
507:
The idea of attaching a reflector sight to a firearm has been around since its invention in 1900. Soon after World War II, models appeared for rifles and shotguns including the Nydar shotgun sight (1945), which used a curved semi-reflective mirror to reflect an ambient lit reticle, and the Giese
508:
electric gunsight (1947), which had a battery-powered illuminated reticle. Later types included the Qwik-Point (1970) and the
Thompson Insta-Sight. Both were beam-splitter type reflector sights that used ambient light: illuminating a green crosshair in the Insta-Sight, and a red plastic rod "
480:, reflector sights adjusted by gyroscope for the aircraft's speed and rate of turn, enabling the display of a lead-adjusted sighting reticle that lagged the actual "boresight" of the weapon(s), allowing the boresight to lead the target in a turn by the proper amount for an effective strike
397:
larger targets at a distance (given the non-magnifying, quick target acquisitions nature of the sight) this aiming error is considered trivial. On small arms aimed at close targets this is compensated for by keeping the reticle in the middle of the optical window (sighting down its
309:
1901 diagram of a version of Howard Grubb's collimating reflector sight designed to make a compact version suitable for firearms and small devices. Ambient lighting of the reticle was improved by placing it facing up and bouncing it off a relay mirror then off a concave collimating
1418:"Hearings before and special reports made by Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives on subjects affecting the naval and military establishments", Volume 980 - Page 3002 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services - Political Science, 1975
284:
optical elements, it is simply a projected reticle bounced off a beam splitter or curved mirror right into the users eye. This gives it the defining characteristics of not needing considerable experience and skill to use, as opposed to simple mechanical sights such as
163:
sights, anti-tank gun sights, and any other role where the operator had to engage fast moving targets over a wide field of view, and the sight itself could be supplied with sufficient electrical power to function. There was some limited use of the sight on
682:, to help aim the telescope at the desired object. There are many commercial models, the first of which was the Telrad, invented by amateur astronomer Steve Kufeld in the late 1970s. Others are now available from companies such as Apogee,
531:(LED) at its focus. Using an LED as a reticle is an innovation that greatly improves the reliability and general usefulness of the sight: there is no need for other optical elements to focus light behind a reticle; the mirror can use a
516:
542:
Reflector sights for military firearms (usually referred to as reflex sights) took a long time to be adopted. The US House
Committee on Armed Services noted as far back as 1975 on the suitability of the use of reflex sight for the
380:
Reflector sights were invented as an improved gun-sight and since their invention they have been adapted to many types of weapons. When used with different types of guns, reflector sights are considered an improvement over simple
227:
collimating curved mirror itself so that the observer (looking through the beam splitter or mirror) will see the image at the focus of the collimating optics superimposed in the sight's field of view in focus at ranges up to
350:
Now the sight which forms the subject of this Paper attains a similar result not by projecting an actual spot of light or an image on the object but by projecting what is called in optical language a virtual image upon it.
1624:
1256:
The Police
Officer's Guide to Operating and Surviving in Low-light and No-light Conditions: How to Prevail in Stressful Situations Through Proper Decision Making and Instruction on the Use and Availability of Illumination
412:), and at almost any angle, without distorting the image of the target or reticle. They are often used with both eyes open (the brain will tend to automatically superimpose the illuminated reticle image coming from the
1190:
Applied physics
Chauncey Guy Suits, George Russell Harrison, Louis Jordan - 1948, page 222 - "One of the most important types of gun sights used by the Army and Navy during the war was the reflex, or reflector,
606:, a larger dot has traditionally been preferred; 7, 10, 15 or even 20 moa (2, 3, 4.5 or 6 mil) have been used; often these will be combined with horizontal and/or vertical lines to provide a level reference.
405:
due to eye movement the size of the optical window at close range which diminishes to a minimal size at the set distance (somewhere around a desired target range of 25–50 yd (23–46 m)).
253:
path making lighting difficult, usually needing additional electric illumination, condensing lenses, etc. A more compact type replaces the lens/beam splitter configuration with a half silvered or
1200:
Applied optics and optical engineering, Volume 5, Part 2 - Page 198 Rudolf
Kingslake, Robert Rennie Shannon, James C. Wyant Applied optics and optical engineering, Volume 5, Part 2 - Page 198
609:
Most sights have either active or passive adjustments for the reticle brightness, which help the shooter adapt to different lighting conditions. A very dim reticle will help prevent loss of
98:
389:
to achieve a hit. The reflector sight's single, parallax-free virtual image, in focus with the target, removes this aiming problem, helping poor, average, and expert shooters alike.
347:
This arrangement would be of course equally impracticable for obvious reasons but it is instanced to show that a beam of light has the necessary qualifications for our purposes.
3593:
458:
collimator lens. The sight does not interfere with the overall view, particularly when the collimator light is turned off. Both eyes may be used simultaneously for sighting.
368:
527:, a type that gives the user a simple bright red dot as an aiming point. The typical configuration for this sight is a compact curved mirror reflector design with a red
4116:
1177:
124:
that allows the user to look through a partially reflecting glass element and see an illuminated projection of an aiming point or some other image superimposed on the
3905:
3663:
1091:"The Mining engineer, Volume 23 By Institution of Mining Engineers (Great Britain). THE GRUBB SIGHT FOR SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS By Sir HOWARD GRUBB and HENRY DAVIS"
257:
curved collimating mirror set at an angle that performs both tasks of focusing and combining the image of an offset reticle. This type is most often seen as the
842:
587:
472:
The optical nature of the reflector sight meant it was possible to feed other information into field of view, such as modifications of the aiming point due to
3809:
424:. Since reflector sights are not dependent on eye relief, they can theoretically be placed in any mechanically-convenient mounting position on a weapon.
97:
4053:
3119:
338:'s limited field of view, greater apparent target speed, parallax errors, and the danger of keeping the eye against an eye stop. In the 1901 the
4110:
973:
245:
in relation to the target since the observer is sighting down a parallel light bundle at the edge. Eye movement perpendicular to the device's
664:
Reflector sights have been used over the years in nautical navigation devices and surveying equipment. Albada type sights were used on early
249:
will make the reticle image move in exact relationship to eye position in the cylindrical column of light created by the collimating optics.
4068:
3943:
740:
film at the time of manufacture. This image is part of the optical viewing window. The recorded hologram is illuminated by a collimated
401:). Some manufacturers of small arms sights also make models with the optical collimator set at a finite distance. This gives the sight
1786:
732:
are similar in layout to reflector sights but do not use a projected reticle system. Instead, a representative reticle is recorded in
1602:
816:
483:
As reflector sight designs advanced after World War II, giving the pilot more and more information, they eventually evolved into the
4121:
3900:
3895:
1528:
1439:
1340:
1265:
1221:
1127:
950:
852:
602:) dot is small enough not to obscure most targets, and large enough to quickly acquire a proper "sight picture". For many types of
236:, light that is nearly parallel, the light making up that image is theoretically perfectly parallel with the axis of the device or
128:. These sights work on the simple optical principle that anything at the focus of a lens or curved mirror (such as an illuminated
3848:
3826:
3433:
1940:
1429:
797:
408:
Compared to standard telescopic sights, a reflector sight can be held at any distance from the eye (does not require a designed
2366:
1243:
Transactions, Volume 23 By
Institution of Mining Engineers (Great Britain), Federated Institution of Mining Engineers, page 125
616:
Modern optical reflector sights designed for firearms and other uses fall into two housing-configurations: "tubed" and "open".
1462:
4041:
3982:
3860:
3831:
3783:
3613:
3568:
3455:
3243:
2068:
1694:
1518:
1431:
The Field and Stream
Hunting Optics Handbook: An Expert's Guide to Riflescopes, Binoculars, Spotting Scopes, and Rangefinders
1211:
1012:
940:
1330:
594:
approximately 1 in (25 mm) at a distance of 100 yd (91 m), which makes moa a convenient unit to use in
579:
or triangular pattern instead, to aid precision aiming and range estimation, and still others provide selectable patterns.
559:
Many reticle illumination and pattern options are available. Common light sources used in firearm reflector sights include
3870:
3026:
539:
and consumes very little power, allowing battery-powered sights to run for hundreds and even tens of thousands of hours.
4106:
4090:
3955:
3910:
373:
627:, with a cylindrical tube containing the optics. Many tube sights offer the option of interchangeable filters (such as
4126:
4085:
4024:
3836:
2650:
2504:
2496:
2259:
199:
Diagram of three types of reflector sights. The top uses a collimating lens (CL) and a beam splitter (B) to create a
1579:
1117:
1002:
American rifleman: Volume 93, National Rifle
Association of America - THE REFLECTOR SIGHT By JOHN B. BUTLER, page 29
942:
Applied
Photographic Optics: Lenses and Optical Systems for Photography, Film, Video, Electronic and Digital Imaging
929:
American rifleman: Volume 93, National Rifle Association of America - THE REFLECTOR SIGHT By JOHN B. BUTLER, page 31
4080:
3623:
3206:
1828:
1803:
1749:
1738:
1727:
176:(LED) as its illumination source, making a durable, dependable sight with an extremely long illumination run time.
726:
practical for use on small arms before low power consumption illumination sources such as LEDs became commonplace.
3965:
3588:
3124:
2212:
536:
436:
Longitudinal cross-section of a basic reflector sight for pre-WWII German fighter planes (1937 German Revi C12/A)
575:. The color of a sight reticle is often red or amber for visibility against most backgrounds. Some sights use a
203:
at infinity (V) of a reticle (R). The bottom two use half silvered curved mirrors (CM) as the collimating optics
4162:
3731:
3525:
3248:
3211:
2868:
768:
729:
305:
1254:
440:
The earliest record of the reflector sight being used with fighter aircraft was in 1918. The optical firm of
4157:
3721:
3520:
3161:
3102:
2466:
2451:
2325:
2080:
1936:
733:
168:
after World War II, but the sight came into widespread use during the late 1970s with the invention of the
3987:
3950:
3726:
3238:
3001:
2878:
2756:
2719:
2402:
2279:
2139:
2075:
1840:
1779:
1681:
1409:: Volume 11, Inventions Promotion Board, National Research Development Corporation of India, 1976, page 12
1156:
1068:
792:
3658:
3583:
3553:
3278:
3087:
2655:
2239:
2156:
2063:
560:
473:
266:
1759:
3706:
3688:
3678:
3186:
2925:
2818:
2620:
2553:
628:
528:
173:
476:
determined by input from a gyroscope. 1939 saw the development by the British of the first of these
195:
3816:
3799:
3701:
3643:
3365:
3348:
3109:
3097:
3092:
3070:
2956:
2920:
2823:
2798:
2761:
2699:
2615:
2124:
981:
758:
572:
323:
535:
coating to reflect just the red spectrum, passing through most other light; and the LED itself is
4031:
3977:
3938:
3638:
3628:
3440:
3428:
3046:
2828:
2635:
2605:
2269:
1991:
869:
702:
576:
1760:
May-June, 2007 CBS Interactive Business Network article: Seeing red: illuminated reticle sights
1755:
Article on the WWII Maxon M45 machine gun mount with section on the Navy Mark 9 reflector sight
586:, sometimes called "minutes of angle" or "moa". Moa is a convenient measure for shooters using
547:, but the US military did not widely introduce reflector sights until the early 2000s with the
3748:
3743:
3696:
3633:
3618:
3413:
3216:
3181:
3036:
2996:
2944:
2776:
2675:
2670:
2660:
2416:
2340:
2310:
2274:
2264:
2222:
2056:
1807:
1772:
1668:
1524:
1435:
1336:
1261:
1217:
1171:
1123:
1090:
946:
848:
778:
613:
in low-light conditions, while a brighter reticle will display more clearly in full sunlight.
314:
294:
219:
that produces a virtual image of that reticle. The image is reflected off some form of angled
180:
160:
4075:
3992:
3930:
3779:
3673:
3573:
3563:
3530:
3465:
3268:
3171:
3031:
2915:
2813:
2808:
2630:
2578:
2436:
2426:
2356:
2297:
2168:
1894:
1799:
1655:
1041:
787:
763:
714:
624:
417:
393:
335:
269:
in 1932, originally as a camera viewfinder, and was also used as a gunsight on World War II
263:
233:
144:
4063:
4058:
3865:
3855:
3738:
3716:
3445:
3231:
3176:
3166:
2900:
2709:
2583:
2568:
2548:
2361:
2229:
2146:
2129:
2092:
2029:
2019:
881:
603:
591:
548:
532:
484:
465:
254:
156:
693:
Reflector sights are also used in the entertainment industry in productions such as live
1764:
372:
German paratrooper looks through the reflector sight of the Flakvisier 40 gunsight on a
3603:
3423:
3273:
3191:
3016:
2971:
2845:
2781:
2771:
2682:
2640:
2610:
2531:
2320:
2190:
2111:
2085:
2036:
1625:""Compact Holographic Sight" - EOTech company Patent #5,483,362 issued January 9, 1996"
583:
140:
121:
41:
1492:
660:
The Telrad, a reflector sight for astronomical telescopes introduced in the late 1970s
4151:
3804:
3648:
3263:
3221:
2893:
2853:
2833:
2793:
2741:
2729:
2714:
2588:
2573:
2446:
2383:
2371:
2205:
2195:
2185:
2180:
2163:
2134:
2046:
1966:
773:
524:
477:
446:
421:
258:
220:
208:
200:
169:
125:
51:
1288:
4010:
4002:
3882:
3821:
3791:
3771:
3578:
3403:
3253:
3011:
3006:
2981:
2976:
2961:
2888:
2803:
2751:
2736:
2704:
2593:
2388:
2335:
2234:
2175:
2151:
1929:
1909:
1899:
1889:
1885:
1470:
1145:
British Aircraft Armament Vol.2: Guns and Gunsights", by R Wallace Clarke, page 134
701:. Sights such as Telrad's adapted for use and the purpose built Spot Dot allow the
665:
610:
413:
398:
327:
246:
152:
71:
61:
1700:
1035:
571:
capsules. Some sights are specifically designed to be visible when viewed through
159:. They have been used in other types of (usually large) weapons as well, such as
4019:
4014:
3711:
3558:
3498:
3370:
3353:
3226:
3201:
3114:
3051:
3021:
2991:
2966:
2930:
2905:
2873:
2863:
2858:
2746:
2724:
2558:
2526:
2431:
2330:
2251:
1971:
783:
698:
679:
599:
564:
450:
382:
334:" as a better alternative to the difficult to use iron sight while avoiding the
286:
148:
1372:
523:
The mid- to late 1970s saw the introduction of what are usually referred to as
3920:
3915:
3887:
3775:
3668:
3608:
3598:
3481:
3408:
3380:
3308:
3146:
3082:
2910:
2766:
2625:
2600:
2563:
2516:
2097:
2041:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1845:
1743:
1732:
1721:
1550:
Lighting dimensions, Volume 19, Page 114, Lighting Dimensions Associates, 1995
737:
595:
509:
409:
290:
281:
237:
216:
184:
179:
Other applications of reflector sights include sights on surveying equipment,
900:
3515:
3510:
3493:
3418:
3375:
3196:
3151:
2986:
2786:
2692:
2687:
2665:
2521:
2441:
2376:
2315:
2014:
1946:
1904:
683:
675:
636:
632:
544:
461:
165:
139:
Since their invention in 1900, reflector sights have come to be used as gun
17:
1580:"Elementary Optics and Applications to Fire Control Instruments: May, 1921"
656:
376:
anti-aircraft gun (1944), one of the more sophisticated sights at the time
3972:
3960:
3503:
3387:
3343:
3333:
3328:
3304:
3056:
3041:
2645:
2536:
2200:
2051:
2009:
1961:
1914:
1754:
500:
402:
241:
229:
224:
133:
3843:
3535:
3450:
3358:
3338:
3316:
3285:
3156:
2883:
2543:
2293:
2217:
2001:
1956:
1951:
1919:
1874:
1823:
1795:
745:
694:
687:
568:
515:
432:
270:
212:
129:
1520:
A Buyer's and User's Guide to Astronomical Telescopes & Binoculars
3653:
3545:
3460:
3258:
2024:
1924:
1855:
1155:
Ohio, United States Document Service Center, Dayton (13 April 2018).
668:
118:
1696:
Optical sighting instrument with means for producing a sighting mark
1682:"A New Collimating Telescope Gun Sight for Large and Small Ordnance"
671:, "Point and shoot" type cameras, and on simple disposable cameras.
416:
onto the other eye's unobstructed view), giving the shooter normal
232:. Since the optical collimator produces a reticle image made up of
2476:
2471:
2456:
2411:
2107:
741:
655:
514:
495:
494:
460:
431:
367:
313:
304:
194:
1660:
Journal of the Military Service Institution of the United States
3769:
3302:
2493:
1872:
1768:
1675:, vol. 23, Institution of Mining Engineers (Great Britain)
817:"Elementary Optics and Application to Fire Control Instruments"
582:
Sights that use dot reticles are almost invariably measured in
155:, and still used as the base component in many types of modern
2461:
2421:
1850:
1835:
1699:, U.S. Patent 3,942,901 filed December 7, 1973, archived from
744:
built into the sight. The sight can be adjusted for range and
273:: the US M9 and M9A1 "Bazooka" featured the D7161556 folding "
1119:
Early aircraft armament: the aeroplane and the gun up to 1918
512:" that produced a red aiming spot reticle in the Qwik-Point.
289:. A reflector sight also does not have the field of view and
322:
The idea of a reflector sight originated in 1900 with Irish
136:
and other sighting errors found in simple sighting devices.
1568:
Jan Kay, International Defense Directory, 1991-92, page 241
318:
Prototype of the Grubb reflector sight attached to a rifle
280:
The viewing portion of a reflector sight does not use any
207:
Reflector sights work by using a lens or an image-forming
1069:"The Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society"
551:
red dot sight, designated the "M68 Close Combat Optic".
1686:
The scientific transactions of the Royal Dublin Society
819:. Headquarters, Department of the Army. 13 April 1977
454:
used with aircraft defensive guns and in bombsights.
639:, and conveniently protective "flip-up" lens covers.
4099:
4040:
4001:
3929:
3881:
3790:
3687:
3544:
3480:
3396:
3315:
3139:
3069:
2943:
2844:
2503:
2401:
2349:
2292:
2250:
2106:
2000:
1578:Dept, United States Army Ordnance (13 April 2018).
340:
Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society
77:
67:
57:
47:
37:
32:
844:McGraw-Hill encyclopedia of science and technology
1734:A 1942 Japanese type 98 reflector sight in action
1311:
1309:
1141:
1139:
1063:
1061:
748:by simply tilting or pivoting the optical window.
1559:William C Farmer, Ordnance field guide, page 279
925:
923:
921:
895:
893:
891:
836:
834:
4091:Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW)
1362:Game breeder and sportsman: Volumes 50-52, 1945
344:
211:with a luminous or reflective overlay image or
1780:
519:A view through a Tasco ProPoint red dot sight
8:
1176:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
330:in patent No.12108. Grubb conceived of his "
1669:"THE GRUBB SIGHT FOR SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS"
841:Company, McGraw-Hill Book (13 April 2018).
674:These sights are also used on astronomical
4046:
3766:
3486:
3321:
3299:
3075:
2949:
2509:
2490:
2303:
2117:
1869:
1816:
1787:
1773:
1765:
1523:. Springer Science & Business Media.
1723:A WWII US Navy Mark VIII reflector sight
705:to aim the light without turning it on.
96:
1463:"The Hines Lensless Optical Viewfinder"
808:
1601:Magazines, Hearst (1 September 1970).
1388:- Dec 1946- Vol. 149, No. 6 - page 150
1169:
1040:. Macmillan Journals Limited. p.
877:
867:
332:Gun Sight for large and small Ordnance
143:on various weapons. They were used on
29:
7:
1428:McIntyre, Thomas (1 December 2007).
1397:Popular Science - Sep 1971 - Page 56
1053:grubb for sighting devices for guns.
468:inside the cockpit of a fighter jet
1667:Howard Grubb; Henry Davis (1903),
25:
1745:A red dot sight on an Airsoft gun
1662:, vol. 37, p. 552, 1905
1582:. U.S. Government Printing Office
1253:Jones, Tony L. (1 January 2002).
901:"Encyclopedia of Bullseye Pistol"
240:it is aligned with, i.e. with no
103:Mark III Free Gun Reflector Sight
1329:Jarrett, D. N. (13 April 2018).
939:Ray, Sidney F. (13 April 2018).
798:Glossary of firearms terminology
1693:John Arne Ingemund Ekstrand's,
1517:Mullaney, James (26 May 2007).
503:reflex sight on his M16A4 rifle
499:A US Marine looking through an
342:he described his invention as:
1317:Air warfare in the missile age
1260:. Charles C Thomas Publisher.
1210:Shideler, Dan (14 July 2010).
1051:– via Internet Archive.
588:Imperial or US customary units
1:
3956:Firearms by country
3871:Civilian Marksmanship Program
1384:"Stock Up For the Outdoors",
1071:. The Society. 13 April 2018
1034:Lockyer, Sir Norman (1902).
1015:. John Murray. 13 April 1992
293:problems of sights based on
4127:Federal Assault Weapons Ban
4025:Campaign Against Arms Trade
598:calculations. A 5 moa (1.5
567:light collectors, and even
147:, in a limited capacity in
4179:
4081:High-capacity magazine ban
3207:Mean time between failures
215:at its focus, creating an
183:pointing aids, and camera
4049:
3810:Household ownership rates
3765:
3489:
3324:
3298:
3078:
2952:
2512:
2489:
2306:
2120:
1881:
1868:
1819:
1815:
1680:SIR Howard Grubb (1902),
1613:– via Google Books.
1590:– via Google Books.
1540:– via Google Books.
1451:– via Google Books.
1352:– via Google Books.
1289:"Aircraft Gunnery_Sights"
1277:– via Google Books.
1233:– via Google Books.
1166:– via Google Books.
1079:– via Google Books.
1023:– via Google Books.
962:– via Google Books.
864:– via Google Books.
827:– via Google Books.
730:Holographic weapon sights
623:look similar to standard
275:Reflecting Sight Assembly
83: (124 years ago)
27:Optical device for aiming
769:Holographic weapon sight
699:"Follow Spot" spotlights
172:. This sight uses a red
4111:by U.S. state
3521:Overpressure ammunition
3456:Improved Military Rifle
3162:Circular error probable
2081:Personal defence weapon
1216:. Krause Publications.
1157:"Technical Data Digest"
734:three-dimensional space
3805:Civilian gun ownership
3334:Firing (Shooting)
1688:, Royal Dublin Society
1407:Invention intelligence
1116:Harry Woodman (1989).
905:www.bullseyepistol.com
721:and the Normark Corp.
661:
520:
504:
469:
442:Optische Anstalt Oigee
437:
377:
353:
319:
311:
204:
106:
3279:Handgun effectiveness
3212:Minute of Angle (MOA)
3088:Ballistic coefficient
2064:Semi-automatic pistol
1656:"The Grubb Gun Sight"
686:, Photon, Rigel, and
659:
633:haze-reducing filters
518:
498:
464:
435:
371:
317:
308:
198:
100:
3896:in the United States
3554:Armour piercing
3115:Rangefinding/keeping
3027:Push/Controlled feed
2819:Synchronization gear
2554:Blank-firing adapter
2405: or famous
1373:U.S. patent 2633051A
978:usmilitariaforum.com
573:night vision devices
529:light-emitting diode
326:and telescope maker
174:light-emitting diode
3988:Privately made
3951:Firearm brands
3837:State firearms
3817:Exhibition shooting
3800:Celebratory gunfire
3659:Plastic tipped
3589:High explosive
3110:Physics of firearms
1673:The Mining engineer
1603:"Popular Mechanics"
1332:Cockpit Engineering
759:Fire-control system
101:A view through the
4086:Right to bear arms
4032:Featureless rifles
3978:Improvised firearm
3939:3D printed firearm
3827:United States
3722:Fully powered
3629:Total metal jacket
3269:Stock measurements
1992:Underwater firearm
1888: versus
1605:. Hearst Magazines
1013:"Science Progress"
880:has generic name (
703:spotlight operator
662:
635:), glare-reducing
521:
505:
470:
438:
378:
320:
312:
295:optical telescopes
217:optical collimator
205:
107:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4100:United States Gun
3761:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3644:Hollow point
3569:Full metal jacket
3476:
3475:
3434:Tubes and Primers
3294:
3293:
3244:Power factor
3182:Gun harmonisation
3135:
3134:
3065:
3064:
2939:
2938:
2921:Night vision
2485:
2484:
2397:
2396:
2311:Automatic shotgun
2288:
2287:
1875:Types of firearms
1864:
1863:
1293:liberatorcrew.com
779:Red dot magnifier
715:Collimator sights
625:telescopic sights
267:Lieuwe van Albada
223:or the partially
181:optical telescope
161:anti-aircraft gun
151:, widely used in
95:
94:
16:(Redirected from
4170:
4047:
3993:Small arms trade
3931:Firearm industry
3782:, and
3767:
3639:Hollow base
3487:
3466:Smokeless powder
3322:
3300:
3249:Precision-guided
3076:
2950:
2757:Rail system
2631:Flash suppressor
2510:
2491:
2437:Winchester rifle
2427:Antique firearms
2357:20-gauge shotgun
2304:
2118:
1870:
1817:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1766:
1746:
1735:
1724:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1703:on June 24, 2016
1689:
1676:
1663:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1629:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1473:on 23 March 2012
1469:. Archived from
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1326:
1320:
1315:Lon O. Nordeen,
1313:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1134:
1133:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1009:
1003:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
989:
984:on 6 August 2017
980:. Archived from
970:
964:
963:
961:
959:
936:
930:
927:
916:
915:
913:
911:
897:
886:
885:
879:
875:
873:
865:
863:
861:
838:
829:
828:
826:
824:
813:
788:telescopic sight
764:Collimator sight
563:powered lights,
418:depth perception
336:telescopic sight
324:optical designer
264:optical engineer
234:collimated light
157:head-up displays
145:fighter aircraft
91:
89:
84:
30:
21:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4163:Optical devices
4148:
4147:
4144:
4131:
4095:
4064:Concealed carry
4059:Assault weapons
4054:Air travel
4036:
4013: and
3997:
3925:
3885:
3877:
3866:Shooting sports
3856:Pistol duelling
3786:
3753:
3717:Rifle cartridge
3683:
3624:Supercavitating
3619:Soft point
3540:
3472:
3446:Ball propellant
3392:
3311:
3290:
3286:Twist rate
3177:Gun chronograph
3167:Effective range
3131:
3061:
3032:Recoil-operated
2935:
2840:
2499:
2481:
2467:Colt Peacemaker
2393:
2367:Dragon's breath
2362:Breaching round
2345:
2326:Double-barreled
2284:
2260:General purpose
2246:
2102:
1996:
1937:Multiple-barrel
1877:
1860:
1811:
1793:
1744:
1733:
1722:
1718:
1706:
1704:
1692:
1679:
1666:
1654:
1651:
1649:Further reading
1646:
1636:
1634:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1434:. Lyons Press.
1427:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1386:Popular Science
1383:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1335:. Ashgate Pub.
1328:
1327:
1323:
1314:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1213:Gun Digest 2011
1209:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1168:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1122:. p. 239.
1115:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1046:
1044:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
972:
971:
967:
957:
955:
953:
938:
937:
933:
928:
919:
909:
907:
899:
898:
889:
876:
866:
859:
857:
855:
847:. McGraw-Hill.
840:
839:
832:
822:
820:
815:
814:
810:
806:
755:
711:
652:
604:action shooting
557:
549:Aimpoint CompM2
493:
485:head-up display
430:
387:planes of focus
366:
303:
193:
111:reflector sight
87:
85:
82:
33:Reflector sight
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4176:
4174:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4158:Firearm sights
4150:
4149:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4061:
4056:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4007:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3935:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3901:Assassinations
3898:
3892:
3890:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3819:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3802:
3796:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3770:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3693:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3424:Percussion cap
3421:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3303:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3274:Stopping power
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3192:Length of pull
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3017:Out-of-battery
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2641:Forward assist
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2611:Cocking handle
2608:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2495:Mechanics and
2494:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2321:Combat shotgun
2318:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2086:Submachine gun
2083:
2076:Pistol caliber
2073:
2072:
2071:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1820:
1813:
1812:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1741:
1730:
1717:
1716:External links
1714:
1713:
1712:
1690:
1677:
1664:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1616:
1593:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1543:
1529:
1509:
1493:"Telrad Sight"
1484:
1454:
1440:
1420:
1411:
1399:
1390:
1377:
1364:
1355:
1341:
1321:
1305:
1280:
1266:
1245:
1236:
1222:
1202:
1193:
1183:
1147:
1135:
1128:
1108:
1082:
1057:
1026:
1004:
995:
974:"BAZOOKA M9A1"
965:
951:
931:
917:
887:
853:
830:
807:
805:
802:
801:
800:
795:
790:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
754:
751:
750:
749:
727:
710:
707:
651:
648:
647:
646:
640:
590:, since 1 moa
584:minutes of arc
556:
553:
525:red dot sights
492:
489:
478:gyro gunsights
429:
426:
365:
362:
302:
299:
192:
189:
93:
92:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
39:
38:Classification
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4175:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4146:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3983:Most-produced
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3884:
3880:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:Muzzleloading
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2977:Breechloading
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:Muzzle shroud
2740:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2730:Stripper clip
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2720:High-capacity
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2447:Mauser rifles
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2372:Shotgun shell
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:Anti-materiel
2123:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1633:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1532:
1530:9781846287077
1526:
1522:
1521:
1513:
1510:
1498:
1497:Company Seven
1494:
1488:
1485:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1443:
1441:9781599210445
1437:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1344:
1342:9780754617518
1338:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1269:
1267:9780398072537
1263:
1259:
1258:
1249:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1225:
1223:9781440215612
1219:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1158:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1129:9780874749946
1125:
1121:
1120:
1112:
1109:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1027:
1014:
1008:
1005:
999:
996:
983:
979:
975:
969:
966:
954:
952:9780240515403
948:
944:
943:
935:
932:
926:
924:
922:
918:
906:
902:
896:
894:
892:
888:
883:
871:
856:
854:9780079136657
850:
846:
845:
837:
835:
831:
818:
812:
809:
803:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
774:Red dot sight
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
756:
752:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
728:
724:
720:
716:
713:
712:
709:Similar types
708:
706:
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
667:
658:
654:
649:
644:
641:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
619:
618:
617:
614:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
555:Reticle types
554:
552:
550:
546:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
517:
513:
511:
502:
497:
490:
488:
486:
481:
479:
475:
467:
463:
459:
455:
452:
449:and triplane
448:
447:Albatros D.Va
443:
434:
427:
425:
423:
422:field of view
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
395:
390:
388:
384:
375:
370:
364:Weapon sights
363:
361:
359:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
316:
307:
300:
298:
296:
292:
288:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
265:
260:
256:
250:
248:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
222:
221:beam splitter
218:
214:
210:
209:curved mirror
202:
201:virtual image
197:
190:
188:
186:
182:
177:
175:
171:
170:red dot sight
167:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
137:
135:
131:
127:
126:field of view
123:
120:
116:
112:
104:
99:
80:
76:
73:
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
53:
50:
46:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
4145:
4003:Arms control
3883:Gun violence
3850:Jungle style
3849:
3822:Gun cultures
3727:Intermediate
3404:Fire forming
3254:Rate of fire
3125:Stadiametric
3103:Transitional
3047:Self-loading
3002:Gas-operated
2962:Blow-forward
2894:Red dot
2804:Squeeze bore
2752:Pistol slide
2737:Muzzle brake
2705:Bottom metal
2252:Machine guns
1910:Line thrower
1890:muzzleloader
1886:Breechloader
1705:, retrieved
1701:the original
1695:
1685:
1672:
1659:
1635:. Retrieved
1631:
1619:
1607:. Retrieved
1596:
1584:. Retrieved
1573:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1534:. Retrieved
1519:
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1496:
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1471:the original
1467:hineslab.com
1466:
1457:
1445:. Retrieved
1430:
1423:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1393:
1385:
1380:
1367:
1358:
1346:. Retrieved
1331:
1324:
1316:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1255:
1248:
1239:
1227:. Retrieved
1212:
1205:
1196:
1186:
1160:. Retrieved
1150:
1118:
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1094:
1085:
1073:. Retrieved
1052:
1045:. Retrieved
1036:
1029:
1017:. Retrieved
1007:
998:
986:. Retrieved
982:the original
977:
968:
956:. Retrieved
941:
934:
908:. Retrieved
904:
858:. Retrieved
843:
821:. Retrieved
811:
786:, a type of
722:
718:
692:
680:finderscopes
673:
666:large format
663:
653:
642:
620:
615:
611:night vision
608:
581:
558:
541:
522:
506:
482:
471:
456:
441:
439:
414:dominant eye
407:
399:optical axis
391:
386:
379:
358:reflex sight
357:
354:
349:
345:
339:
331:
328:Howard Grubb
321:
279:
274:
251:
247:optical axis
206:
178:
153:World War II
138:
115:reflex sight
114:
110:
108:
102:
72:Howard Grubb
62:Aiming point
18:Reflex sight
4117:Legislation
4069:in the U.S.
4020:Disarmament
4015:Gun control
3712:Handloading
3499:Dummy round
3371:Cooking off
3366:Malfunction
3354:Field strip
3349:Maintenance
3239:Penetration
3202:Match grade
3120:Mathematics
3052:Single-shot
2992:Closed bolt
2906:Scope mount
2869:Holographic
2859:Finderscope
2747:Pistol grip
2725:Speedloader
2579:Telescoping
2559:Breechblock
2432:Gatling gun
2331:Pump action
1972:Single-shot
1895:Combination
878:|last=
793:Laser sight
784:Prism sight
738:holographic
723:Singlepoint
643:Open sights
621:Tube sights
600:milliradian
565:fiber optic
537:solid state
451:Fokker Dr.1
383:iron sights
287:iron sights
185:viewfinders
149:World War I
58:Application
4152:Categories
3921:Gun safety
3916:Gunfighter
3707:Centrefire
3689:Cartridges
3669:Snake shot
3609:Round shot
3599:Projectile
3584:Incendiary
3482:Ammunition
3441:Propellant
3409:Obturation
3381:Squib load
3309:ammunition
3147:Accurizing
3083:Ballistics
2997:Electronic
2916:Telescopic
2767:Recoil pad
2626:Firing pin
2601:Bump stock
2564:Breechface
2505:Components
2497:components
2350:Ammunition
2098:Wallet gun
2042:Pepper-box
1987:Spring-gun
1982:Smoothbore
1977:Sleeve gun
1632:google.com
1502:17 January
1319:, page 265
1095:google.com
804:References
719:Armson OEG
676:telescopes
650:Other uses
629:polarizing
596:ballistics
510:light pipe
474:deflection
410:eye relief
394:collimated
392:Since the
291:eye relief
282:refractive
238:gun barrel
166:small arms
3961:Gun shops
3911:Forensics
3886:and
3832:Gun shows
3574:Frangible
3564:Expanding
3516:Gas check
3511:Flechette
3494:Cannelure
3419:Gunpowder
3376:Hang fire
3344:Firefight
3197:Lock time
3187:Headspace
3152:Bore axis
3037:Repeating
2987:Open bolt
2901:Magnifier
2787:Auto sear
2693:Wheellock
2688:Flintlock
2666:Half-cock
2621:Extractor
2522:Feed ramp
2452:Tommy Gun
2442:M1 Garand
2377:.410 bore
2341:Sawed-off
2316:Coach gun
2230:Repeating
2223:Polygonal
2147:Automatic
2130:Anti-tank
2015:Derringer
1905:Flare gun
945:. Focal.
870:cite book
684:Celestron
637:sunshades
545:M16 rifle
420:and full
4122:Politics
4042:Gun laws
3973:Gunsmith
3861:Politics
3780:industry
3702:Caseless
3504:Snap cap
3397:Ignition
3388:Ricochet
3329:Dry fire
3305:Shooting
3232:Velocity
3098:Terminal
3093:External
3057:Slamfire
3042:Revolver
2957:Blowback
2824:Tapering
2799:Silencer
2762:Receiver
2700:Magazine
2656:Foregrip
2646:Freebore
2616:Cylinder
2574:Rotating
2537:Trunnion
2403:Historic
2294:Shotguns
2213:Marksman
2191:Elephant
2093:Starting
2052:Revolver
2020:Duelling
2010:Cane gun
2002:Handguns
1962:Riot gun
1930:Takedown
1915:Long gun
1900:Elephant
1804:glossary
1796:Firearms
1637:13 April
1609:13 April
1586:13 April
1536:13 April
1477:13 April
1447:13 April
1348:13 April
1298:13 April
1273:13 April
1229:13 April
1172:cite web
1162:13 April
1101:13 April
1075:13 April
1047:13 April
1019:13 April
988:13 April
958:13 April
910:13 April
860:13 April
823:13 April
753:See also
592:subtends
533:dichroic
501:ITL MARS
491:Firearms
428:Aircraft
403:parallax
271:bazookas
255:dichroic
242:parallax
230:infinity
225:silvered
134:parallax
78:Invented
68:Inventor
48:Industry
4109: (
4076:License
3844:Hunting
3792:Society
3772:Society
3749:Wildcat
3744:Pinfire
3674:Spitzer
3604:Raufoss
3546:Bullets
3536:Wadding
3451:Cordite
3429:Rimfire
3359:Fouling
3339:Gunshot
3317:Gunshot
3157:Caliber
3140:Metrics
3071:Physics
2972:Boxlock
2945:Actions
2931:Zeroing
2926:Thermal
2884:Reticle
2854:Diopter
2829:Trigger
2676:Striker
2651:Forearm
2636:Fluting
2606:Chamber
2594:Tilting
2584:Flapper
2544:Bayonet
2532:Threads
2296: (
2218:Rifling
2206:Varmint
2196:Express
2186:Buffalo
2181:Hunting
2164:Carbine
2135:Assault
2110: (
2037:Machine
1957:Pen gun
1952:Net gun
1947:Needler
1939: (
1920:Carbine
1841:History
1824:Firearm
1798: (
1750:YouTube
1739:YouTube
1728:YouTube
1191:sight."
746:windage
695:theater
688:Televue
669:cameras
577:chevron
569:tritium
561:battery
374:FlaK 38
301:History
259:red dot
213:reticle
130:reticle
119:optical
86: (
3906:Deaths
3888:safety
3776:safety
3654:Meplat
3634:Tracer
3461:Ramrod
3414:Primer
3259:Recoil
3222:Energy
3217:Muzzle
2889:Reflex
2846:Sights
2794:Shroud
2777:Safety
2671:Linear
2661:Hammer
2589:Roller
2517:Barrel
2270:Medium
2235:Sniper
2176:Double
2152:Battle
2108:Rifles
2047:Pocket
2025:Pistol
1967:Rotary
1925:Musket
1856:Weapon
1846:Safety
1808:topics
1806:, and
1707:May 4,
1527:
1438:
1339:
1264:
1220:
1126:
1097:. 1903
1037:Nature
949:
851:
310:mirror
262:Dutch
191:Design
141:sights
117:is an
3739:Paper
3697:Blank
3664:ABCBC
3649:Minié
3594:HEIAP
3579:Green
3531:Sabot
3264:Group
3172:Gauge
3007:Lever
2982:Break
2879:Laser
2864:Globe
2834:guard
2814:Stock
2809:Choke
2477:Glock
2472:M1911
2457:MP 40
2417:AR-15
2412:AK-47
2275:Heavy
2265:Light
1829:lists
1628:(PDF)
1257:Tools
742:laser
736:onto
122:sight
42:Sight
4107:Laws
4011:Arms
3966:list
3944:list
3784:laws
3732:list
3614:SLAP
3559:Cast
3307:and
3227:Rise
3022:Pump
2967:Bolt
2911:Tang
2874:Iron
2782:Sear
2715:Drum
2710:Clip
2683:Lock
2569:Bolt
2549:Belt
2527:Slug
2389:Slug
2384:Shot
2336:Riot
2298:list
2240:list
2201:Punt
2169:list
2157:list
2140:list
2112:list
2069:list
2057:list
2030:list
1941:list
1800:list
1709:2011
1639:2018
1611:2018
1588:2018
1538:2018
1525:ISBN
1504:2016
1479:2018
1449:2018
1436:ISBN
1350:2018
1337:ISBN
1300:2018
1275:2018
1262:ISBN
1231:2018
1218:ISBN
1178:link
1164:2018
1124:ISBN
1103:2018
1077:2018
1049:2018
1021:2018
990:2018
960:2018
947:ISBN
912:2018
882:help
862:2018
849:ISBN
825:2018
88:1900
81:1900
52:Arms
3679:VLD
3526:PCA
2772:Rim
2462:Uzi
2422:M16
2280:SAW
1851:War
1836:Gun
1748:on
1737:on
1726:on
1042:227
697:on
678:as
631:or
466:HUD
360:".
277:".
113:or
4154::
3778:,
3774:,
1802:,
1684:,
1671:,
1658:,
1630:.
1495:.
1465:.
1308:^
1291:.
1174:}}
1170:{{
1138:^
1093:.
1060:^
976:.
920:^
903:.
890:^
874::
872:}}
868:{{
833:^
690:.
187:.
109:A
4113:)
2300:)
2114:)
1943:)
1810:)
1788:e
1781:t
1774:v
1641:.
1506:.
1481:.
1302:.
1180:)
1132:.
1105:.
992:.
914:.
884:)
90:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
