237:, while 22.6% said that an independent and internationally recognized Transnistria would. The same study showed low adherence to a Moldovan identity by Transnistrians, regardless of their ethnicity. Only 14% felt Moldovan, while 37.3% felt Transnistrian, 35.7%, Russian and 7.4% Ukrainian. Results changed according to age, as although 16% of Transnistrians over 60 felt Moldovan, as did 17.4% of those between 45 and 59 years old and 15.7% of those between 30 and 44 years old, only 7.2% of people between the ages of 18 and 29 did. Furthermore, 13.2% of Transnistrians thought Moldova was a threat for Transnistria; the country with the lead on this aspect was Ukraine with 41.9%. Still, 5.8% and 49.3% of Transnistrians described relations between the population of Moldova and Transnistria as very good or good respectively, with 32.1% and 7.4% saying weak or very weak and with the remaining 5.4% not replying.
995:
185:, which would establish an "asymmetric" federal state, was presented by Kozak the end of the year and both sides accepted it. However, an updated version of the agreement included articles allowing a long-term Russian military presence in Moldova, something the mediators were against. Furthermore, the Kozak memorandum met with strong popular opposition in the country. For these reasons, on 24 November, shortly before Putin left
985:
22:
137:. However, the agreement included a part which called Moldova and Transnistria "to construct their relations within the framework of a common state" but without details about what this state would be like. This part was subject to different interpretation by both parties. While Moldovans thought that the country would be a
204:
said during an interview that
Ukraine could solve the problem of Transnistria "in the blink of an eye", suggesting military action against Transnistria but only if Moldovan authorities requested the country's help. Moldova officially let down this proposal, expressing its support only for a peaceful
232:
In a study organized by the Black Sea
University Foundation between October 2018 and February 2019, when a group of Transnistrians were asked about what option would lead to a faster development of the republic, only 5.2% of them responded with reintegration into Moldova. In contrast, 37.1% of them
502:
951:
102:
in the early 2000s suggested that the reintegration of
Transnistria would require substantial assistance from Western donors, yet its de facto secession contributed to economic and political problems within Moldova.
1203:
133:(OSCE), which gave Transnistria the right to establish its own international economic treaties and regulate its own economic activities and also to participate in any foreign policy decision made by the
1068:
1041:
1388:
130:
80:
and the reintegration of
Transnistria into Moldova has been proposed many times. Some surveys done in the territory suggest that many people would like to join Moldova in a
99:
973:
1024:
608:
1462:
1243:
784:
251:
234:
1148:
579:
328:
98:
have expressed their intention to reintegrate
Transnistria with Moldova, although they disagreed on how to implement this. An assessment carried out by
1138:
1131:
879:
789:
764:
66:
354:
271:
503:"VIDEO // Arestovici: Ucraina poate rezolva problema transnistreanÄ "cĆ¢t ai pocni din degete", dar trebuie ca R. Moldova sÄ-i cearÄ ajutorul"
1236:
1370:
1158:
1046:
966:
907:
634:
256:
1080:
794:
261:
106:
On entering office, Sandu called for
Russian troops to leave Moldova and stated that she was committed to reintegrating Transnistria.
1452:
1153:
734:
729:
601:
539:
290:
1472:
1098:
1019:
852:
838:
197:
193:
to witness the signing, Voronin decided to reject the agreement, making the Kozak memorandum another failed resolution attempt.
1110:
1063:
884:
744:
171:
69:. This territory is internationally recognized as being part of Moldova and no other country has recognised its independence.
155:, who had already stated that one of his key goals of his presidency would be to integrate Transnistria back, proposed to the
1477:
1447:
959:
774:
703:
521:
114:
One occasion in which a resolution to the
Transnistrian conflict came close was on 8 May 1997. On that date was signed the
1467:
820:
212:
said that a
Ukrainian victory over Russia could allow the reintegration of Transnistria into Moldova, the restoration of
1457:
1126:
899:
739:
594:
639:
1426:
754:
166:, which Smirnov accepted. Thus began MoldovanāTransnistrian negotiations with Russian, Ukrainian and OSCE mediation.
759:
1343:
1163:
1010:
925:
921:
917:
769:
159:
355:"A New Dynamic for the Post-Soviet Conflict Settlement: The Case of Transnistria and the Donbas | Wilson Center"
1421:
1143:
1058:
1051:
749:
717:
666:
649:
119:
1103:
869:
626:
379:
156:
141:
and that
Transnistria would have to adopt Moldovan institutions and laws, Transnistrians pushed by a loose
1183:
889:
671:
145:. Therefore, the agreement failed, although the controversial part continued to be discussed years later.
115:
989:
912:
874:
864:
654:
38:
1188:
698:
266:
217:
206:
88:
944:
breakaway territory and a self-proclaimed republic, unrecognised by any United
Nations member state.
1214:
833:
825:
555:"Perceptions, attitudes and values of the population from the left bank of Dniester river. Part I."
209:
134:
1353:
201:
149:
469:"The OSCE and the Moldova-Transdniestria conflict: lessons in mediation and conflict management"
1409:
1073:
246:
213:
181:
to mediate on them, but separately and not with the other mediators. A draft of the so-called
175:
58:
468:
1365:
1348:
1285:
1193:
1090:
676:
659:
483:
182:
152:
122:
1414:
1290:
1280:
1198:
1014:
525:
84:. Many Transnistrians also have Moldovan passports, and some vote in Moldovan elections.
1307:
644:
190:
178:
1441:
1317:
1275:
554:
163:
142:
138:
1338:
1036:
994:
808:
686:
617:
167:
73:
42:
41:, there have been efforts and proposals to reincorporate the unrecognized state of
30:
1210:
380:"Dodon dubs Sandu's statement on Russian peacekeepers in Transnistria as mistake"
162:
to assist him to write a new Moldovan constitution to convert the country into a
1029:
540:"Zelenski: Victoria Ucrainei va reuni Moldova de pe ambele maluri ale Nistrului"
439:
303:
174:, would also participate in these negotiations following the call by Voronin to
575:
1300:
1295:
487:
410:
95:
91:
81:
274:, in favor of reintegration into Moldova with the condition of high autonomy
205:
outcome of the conflict. During an interview published on 27 August 2023,
586:
1322:
1312:
1270:
984:
941:
221:
126:
77:
46:
26:
21:
329:"Can Moldova's new government solve its oldest problem, Transnistria?"
1360:
186:
576:"Is Moldova Ready to Pay the Price of Reintegrating Transnistria?"
20:
1204:
Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester
387:
955:
590:
558:
A Demystified Transnistria. Giving the Public Opinion a Voice
1069:
Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova
553:
Cojocari, Tatiana; Cupcea, Radu; Dungaciu, Dan (2019).
522:"Moldova rejects Ukraine's offer to seize Transnistria"
291:
Inside Transnistria- is this next on Putin's hit list?
1042:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
1389:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
131:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
1402:
1381:
1331:
1263:
1256:
1237:
Bureau for Reintegration of the Republic of Moldova
1224:
1172:
1119:
1089:
1003:
898:
851:
807:
716:
685:
625:
542:(in Romanian). IPN Press Agency. 28 August 2023.
411:"MOLDOVA AND TRANSNISTRIA REINTEGRATION STUDY"
967:
602:
8:
216:'s territorial integrity and the end of the
148:Further progress would be made in 2003. The
252:Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria
1260:
1176:
1149:2006 Transnistrian independence referendum
974:
960:
952:
857:
813:
722:
691:
609:
595:
587:
580:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
440:"Transnistria, relic of a frozen conflict"
304:"Transnistria, relic of a frozen conflict"
1139:Russian military presence in Transnistria
1132:Romanian-language schools in Transnistria
61:in the early 1990s, Transnistria assumed
16:Proposals since the Transnistria conflict
283:
272:Social Democratic Party of Transnistria
574:Ibragimova, Galiya (24 January 2024).
33:simply as another part of the country
7:
462:
460:
1371:Operational Group of Russian Forces
1159:2012 Moldova security zone incident
780:Proposed reintegration into Moldova
1463:History of Transnistria since 1991
1081:Unification of Moldova and Romania
795:Unification of Moldova and Romania
560:. Black Sea University Foundation.
262:Unification of Moldova and Romania
14:
1154:2006 Transnistrian customs crisis
200:, Ukrainian presidential adviser
1020:Union of Bessarabia with Romania
993:
983:
438:Ramirez, LoĆÆc (1 January 2022).
302:Ramirez, LoĆÆc (1 January 2022).
1064:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
520:Ernst, Iulian (28 April 2022).
501:IoniČÄ, Tudor (27 April 2022).
172:Deputy Prime Minister of Russia
257:MoldovaāTransnistria relations
1:
196:On 26 April 2022, amidst the
1127:Human rights in Transnistria
65:independence supported by a
785:Proposed Russian annexation
198:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1494:
1232:Reintegration into Moldova
37:Since the outbreak of the
1179:
1164:2022 Transnistria attacks
1011:First Partition of Poland
938:
880:Romanian-language schools
860:
816:
790:Russian military presence
725:
694:
488:10.1163/18750230-02404015
476:Security and Human Rights
467:H. Hill, William (2014).
67:Russian military presence
29:showing the territory of
1453:Politics of Transnistria
1422:Cobasna ammunition depot
1257:Participants and figures
1213:(2005āpresent; see also
1144:Joint Control Commission
1059:The Holocaust in Romania
1052:Transnistria Governorate
940:Note: Transnistria is a
667:Joint Control Commission
650:Transnistria Governorate
409:USAID (29 August 2003).
120:Prime Minister of Russia
76:is considered a part of
1473:Public policy proposals
235:becoming part of Russia
157:Transnistrian President
1427:MoldovaāUkraine border
1184:1997 Moscow memorandum
755:MoldovaāUkraine border
672:1997 Moscow memorandum
116:1997 Moscow Memorandum
94:and current president
72:In international law,
34:
1478:National unifications
1448:Transnistria conflict
1194:2003 Kozak memorandum
990:Transnistria conflict
913:Poles in Transnistria
655:Transnistria conflict
444:Le Monde diplomatique
308:Le Monde diplomatique
39:Transnistria conflict
24:
1468:Proposals in Moldova
1244:Annexation by Russia
1199:2005 Yushchenko Plan
1189:1999 Istanbul summit
359:www.wilsoncenter.org
267:Romanian nationalism
218:Alexander Lukashenko
207:President of Ukraine
89:President of Moldova
1458:Politics of Moldova
1225:Potential solutions
1215:Berlin Plus package
1173:Resolution attempts
1111:Ceasefire agreement
834:Moldova Steel Works
730:2006 customs crisis
210:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
135:Moldovan Government
1354:Vadim Krasnoselsky
202:Oleksiy Arestovych
150:Moldovan President
35:
1435:
1434:
1410:Gagauzia conflict
1398:
1397:
1252:
1251:
1074:Moldovan language
949:
948:
934:
933:
847:
846:
803:
802:
765:Political parties
735:Foreign relations
712:
711:
247:Gagauzia conflict
176:Russian President
125:and supported by
118:, devised by the
59:Transnistrian War
1485:
1366:14th Guards Army
1349:Yevgeny Shevchuk
1332:Pro-Transnistria
1286:Vladimir Voronin
1261:
1177:
1104:Battle of Bender
1091:Transnistria War
998:
997:
988:
987:
976:
969:
962:
953:
858:
829:
814:
723:
692:
677:Kozak memorandum
660:Transnistria War
611:
604:
597:
588:
583:
562:
561:
550:
544:
543:
536:
530:
529:
517:
511:
510:
498:
492:
491:
482:(3ā4): 287ā297.
473:
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455:
454:
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450:
435:
429:
428:
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415:
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400:
399:
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386:. Archived from
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345:
344:
342:
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325:
319:
318:
316:
314:
299:
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288:
183:Kozak memorandum
153:Vladimir Voronin
123:Yevgeny Primakov
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1415:Gagauz Republic
1394:
1377:
1327:
1291:Nicolae Timofti
1281:Petru Lucinschi
1248:
1220:
1217:, 2016āpresent)
1168:
1115:
1085:
999:
992:
982:
980:
950:
945:
930:
894:
885:Public holidays
843:
827:
799:
745:Law enforcement
708:
681:
621:
615:
573:
570:
568:Further reading
565:
552:
551:
547:
538:
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526:bne IntelliNews
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390:on 9 April 2021
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1308:European Union
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1025:Moldavian ASSR
1022:
1017:
1015:Treaty of IaČi
1007:
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981:
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918:Census in 1989
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775:Prime Minister
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645:Moldavian ASSR
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623:
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509:(in Romanian).
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335:. 23 July 2021
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228:Public opinion
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179:Vladimir Putin
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108:
57:Following the
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1276:Mircea Snegur
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1047:Moldavian SSR
1045:
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233:replied with
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189:to arrive in
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164:federal state
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143:confederation
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139:unitary state
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40:
32:
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23:
19:
1344:Igor Smirnov
1339:Transnistria
1231:
1037:World War II
924: /
920: /
900:Demographics
821:Central bank
779:
740:Human rights
640:World War II
618:Transnistria
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168:Dmitry Kozak
160:Igor Smirnov
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87:Both former
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74:Transnistria
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43:Transnistria
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31:Transnistria
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1264:Pro-Moldova
1030:Moldovenism
635:Before 1792
507:Deschide.MD
1442:Categories
1301:Maia Sandu
1296:Igor Dodon
1211:5+2 format
1004:Background
828:(currency)
760:Parliament
704:Localities
279:References
220:regime in
96:Maia Sandu
92:Igor Dodon
82:federation
53:Background
1120:Aftermath
770:President
687:Geography
418:USAID.gov
1403:See also
1099:Timeline
942:Moldovan
839:Airports
750:Military
718:Politics
384:tass.com
333:euronews
241:See also
191:ChiČinÄu
129:and the
110:Attempts
63:de facto
1382:Neutral
1323:Ukraine
1313:Romania
1271:Moldova
908:History
870:Culture
853:Society
809:Economy
627:History
222:Belarus
214:Georgia
127:Ukraine
78:Moldova
47:Moldova
27:Moldova
25:Map of
1391:(OSCE)
1361:Russia
890:Anthem
826:Rubla
449:10 May
423:10 May
394:10 May
364:10 May
339:10 May
313:10 May
187:Moscow
875:Media
865:Crime
472:(PDF)
414:(PDF)
100:USAID
45:into
1013:and
926:2015
922:2004
699:Flag
451:2022
425:2022
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