297:, i.e. connecting the circulatory systems of young and old animal, leads to the rejuvenation of the old animal, including restoration of proper stem cell function. Similar experiments show that grafting old muscles into young hosts leads to their complete restoration, whereas grafting young muscles into old hosts does not. These experiments show that aging is mediated by systemic environment, rather than being an intrinsic cell property. Clinical trials based on transfusion of young blood were scheduled to begin in 2014. Another intervention that is gaining popularity is epigenetic reprogramming. Through the use of
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The technique brought him a great deal of money, although he was already independently wealthy. As his work fell out of favor, he went from being a highly respected surgeon to a subject of ridicule. By the early 1930s, over 500 men had been treated in France by his rejuvenation technique, and thousands more around the world, such as in a special clinic set up in
1483:
301:, aged cells can revert to a younger state. It has been demonstrated that reprogramming induces a youthful epigenetic state and can restore vision after injury. Only through reprogramming were stochastic epigenetic variations, which accumulate with age, successfully reversed, as demonstrated by a stochastic data-based clock.
455:
Yet another option involves cosmetic changes to the individual to create the appearance of youth. These are generally superficial and do little to make the person healthier or live longer, but the real improvement in a person's appearance may elevate their mood and have positive side effects normally
498:
scientific competition is under way to deliver on the mission of extending healthy human life. It directly accelerates the development of revolutionary new life extension therapies by awarding two cash prizes: one to the research team that breaks the world record for the oldest-ever mouse; and one
177:
was a French surgeon born in Russia who gained fame for his technique of grafting monkey testicle tissue on to the testicles of men while working in France in the 1920s and 1930s. This was one of the first medically accepted rejuvenation therapies (before he was proved to be wrong around 1930–1940).
499:
to the team that develops the most successful late-onset rejuvenation. Current Mprize winner for rejuvenation is Steven
Spindler. Caloric restriction (CR), the consumption of fewer calories while avoiding malnutrition, was applied as a robust method of decelerating aging and the development of
280:
to youthful levels have had considerable success in partially rejuvenating laboratory animals and humans. A 2011 experiment involved breeding genetically manipulated mice that lacked an enzyme called telomerase, causing the mice to age prematurely and suffer ailments. When the mice were given
293:; 6. melatonin; 7. thyroid; 8. pregnenolone. In theory, if all or some of these hormones are replaced, the body will respond to them as it did when it was younger, thus repairing and restoring many body functions. In line with this, recent experiments show that heterochronic
1118:
Lu, Yuancheng; Brommer, Benedikt; Tian, Xiao; Krishnan, Anitha; Meer, Margarita; Wang, Chen; Vera, Daniel L.; Zeng, Qiurui; Yu, Doudou; Bonkowski, Michael S.; Yang, Jae-Hyun; Zhou, Songlin; Hoffmann, Emma M.; Karg, Margarete M.; Schultz, Michael B. (December 2020).
524:
has initiated a project, strategies for engineered negligible senescence (SENS), to study how to reverse the damage caused by aging. He has proposed seven strategies for what he calls the seven deadly sins of aging:
209:
are among the most well known examples of this, dealing with the short- and long-term effects of a near perfect 80-year-old to 20-year-old body change with mind intact. The less perfect rejuvenation featured in the
668:
and to eliminate telomerase-independent mechanisms of turning normal cells into "immortal" cancer cells. To compensate for the loss of telomerase in stem cells we would introduce new stem cells every decade or
2336:
2356:
167:, the mythical substance that, as it was believed, could not only turn lead into gold, but also prolong life and restore youth. Although the set goal was not achieved, alchemy paved the way to the
88:
An ancient
Chinese emperor actually sent out ships of young men and women to find a pearl that would rejuvenate him. This led to a myth among modern Chinese that Japan was founded by these people.
946:
Great balls of fire: from prehistory, men have tried implants and extracts from macho animals to cure impotence, but it was only relatively recently that they began to understand why they did so.
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that is associated with aging or replacement of damaged tissue with new tissue. Rejuvenation can be a means of life extension, but most life extension strategies do not involve rejuvenation.
2423:
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There are also, as commonly found throughout history, many fake rejuvenation products that have been shown to be ineffective. Chief among these are powders, sprays, gels, and
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using zinc finger endonucleases and to transplant the stem cells back into the patients. More recent efforts leverage CRISPR-Cas systems or adeno-associated viruses (AAVs).
281:
injections to reactivate the enzyme, it repaired the damaged tissues and reversed the signs of aging. There are at least eight important hormones that decline with age: 1.
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is a large industry offering treatments such as removal of wrinkles ("face lift"), removal of extra fat (liposuction) and reshaping or augmentation of various body parts (
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power can bring back youth and many mythical adventurers set out on a journey to do that, for themselves, their relatives or some authority that sent them anonymously.
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114:. Led by the rumors, the expedition continued the search and many perished. The Fountain was nowhere to be found as locals were unaware of its exact location.
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mutations the plan is not to repair them but to prevent harm from the mutations by putting suitably modified copies of the mitochondrial genes into the
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substances that claim to contain growth hormones. Authentic growth hormones are only effective when injected, mainly due to the fact that the
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can be induced to correct and replace defective (or undesired) DNA sequences. The first applications of this technology are to isolate
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series have long-term or essentially infinite lifespans, and sheer boredom induces them to undertake activities of extreme risk.
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641:. A copy of the mitochondrial DNA located in the nucleus will be better protected from free radicals, and there will be better
187:
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28:
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Chen Y, Geng A, Zhang W, Qian Z, Wan X, Jiang Y, Mao Z (December 2020). "Fight to the bitter end: DNA repair and aging".
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Rejuvenation technology and its effects on individuals and society have long been a subject of science fiction. The
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results in long-term memory loss and sheer boredom that comes with extreme age. The post-mortal characters in the
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that break the links. But to break some of the cross-links we may need to develop enzymatic methods.
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always made enormous efforts to find the secret of youth, both for themselves and for their noble
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156:(sometimes literally sleeping, not necessarily having sex), bathing in or drinking their blood.
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Christmas Books: Believe it or not - Adam and Eve to bent spoons / Review of books on beliefs.
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Ending Aging: The
Rejuvenation Breakthroughs that Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime
995:
Jaskelioff M, Muller FL, Paik JH, Thomas E, Jiang S, Adams AC, et al. (January 2011).
959:"Lost lake shore drive: Mourning an era; Mansions of rich and famous yield to giant condos"
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1968:
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1329:"Appendage regeneration in adult vertebrates and implications for regenerative medicine"
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997:"Telomerase reactivation reverses tissue degeneration in aged telomerase-deficient mice"
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54:
1420:
1386:"Temporal linkage between the phenotypic and genomic responses to caloric restriction"
1385:
91:
In some religions, people were to be rejuvenated after death prior to placing them in
77:
Various myths tell the stories about the quest for rejuvenation. It was believed that
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1712:
1313:
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of youth from young people to old. Some examples of this approach were sleeping with
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35:
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Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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1121:"Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision"
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17:
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1038:
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and try to oppose those causes in order to slow aging. Rejuvenation is the
1482:
1069:"A ride through the epigenetic landscape: aging reversal by reprogramming"
285:(HGH); 2. the sexual hormones: testosterone or oestrogen/progesterone; 3.
1561:
820:
760:
607:
530:
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437:
353:
305:
254:
40:
Medical discipline focused on the practical reversal of the aging process
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805:
646:
588:
571:
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277:
264:
There have been many experiments which have been shown to increase the
179:
160:
145:
107:
98:
The stories continued well into the 16th century. The
Spanish explorer
163:. All around Europe, and also beyond, alchemists were looking for the
65:
of aging and thus requires a different strategy, namely repair of the
2070:
1566:
653:
603:
596:
534:
469:
425:
261:. If any of that damage can be repaired, the result is rejuvenation.
234:
191:
149:
138:
130:
92:
66:
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in and on the body which, when it can no longer be tolerated by an
2614:
1833:
656:(the most lethal consequence of mutations) the strategy is to use
349:
258:
230:
153:
58:
1384:
Dhahbi JM, Kim HJ, Mote PL, Beaver RJ, Spindler SR (April 2004).
46:
is a medical discipline focused on the practical reversal of the
661:
565:
473:
313:
290:
2035:
1497:
144:
Another commonly cited approach was attempting to transfer the
34:"Rejuvenate" redirects here. For the album by Ralph Moore, see
452:
functions as a self-organizing system to regenerate the limb.
429:
333:
943:
367:
has been proposed as a potential rejuvenation strategy. See
2031:
408:
of a tissue structure to regenerate the necessary body part
1186:"Aging clocks based on accumulating stochastic variation"
1054:"Young blood to be used in ultimate rejuvenation trial"
529:
Cell loss can be repaired (reversed) just by suitable
491:, and would be broken up in the stomach if swallowed.
57:. Life extension strategies often study the causes of
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2607:
2567:
2529:
2484:
2329:
2271:
2260:
2170:
2069:
2013:
1953:
1902:
1781:
1685:
1669:
1534:
159:The quest for rejuvenation reached its height with
1245:"Gene therapy. Putting the fingers on gene repair"
1184:Meyer, David H.; Schumacher, Björn (2024-05-09).
436:. For regeneration the salamander tissues form a
182:. Noteworthy people who had the surgery included
677:to expedite progress in the above-listed areas.
602:For intracellular junk we need to introduce new
308:repair have traditionally involved the use of a
1943:Lifespan: Why We Age – and Why We Don't Have To
1647:Strategies for engineered negligible senescence
513:Strategies for engineered negligible senescence
507:Strategies for engineered negligible senescence
276:. A few experimental methods such as replacing
614:) that our own natural enzymes cannot degrade.
2047:
1509:
1067:de Lima Camillo LP, Quinlan RB (April 2021).
649:would then be imported into the mitochondria.
8:
859:(2004). "Welcome to Rejuvenation Research".
2268:
2054:
2040:
2032:
1516:
1502:
1494:
560:against them. Or they can be destroyed by
1602:Index of topics related to life extension
1419:
1409:
1352:
1260:
1219:
1201:
1160:
1094:
1084:
1028:
916:
893:"How to live forever: lessons of history"
171:and so to the medical advances of today.
487:is too large to be absorbed through the
848:
716:American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine
673:In 2009, Aubrey de Grey co-founded the
645:when damage occurs. All mitochondrial
1327:Brockes JP, Kumar A (December 2005).
699:ISSN 1549-1684 – Published Bimonthly.
537:. For other tissues it needs various
7:
1443:de Grey A, Rae M (September 2007).
137:. It was widely believed that some
977:Jones, David. (December 11, 1986)
397:Implantation of stem cells into a
73:Historical and cultural background
25:
568:" that only kill senescent cells.
556:can be removed by activating the
378:uses three different strategies:
2717:Concepts in alternative medicine
2197:Biodemography of human longevity
1660:
1481:
939:Common, Laura. (April 25, 2000)
356:, to correct those mutations in
1677:Timeline of senescence research
188:International Harvester Company
53:Rejuvenation is distinct from
1:
1262:10.1126/science.310.5756.1894
1052:Thomson H (August 20, 2014).
629:experiences a high degree of
610:, that can degrade the junk (
606:, possibly enzymes from soil
102:led an expedition around the
29:Rejuvenation (disambiguation)
957:Grossman R (31 March 1985).
545:, or in some cases it needs
316:into a random position on a
175:Serge Abrahamovitch Voronoff
1804:Alliance for Aging Research
599:cells to "eat" the garbage.
577:can largely be reversed by
272:animals, thereby achieving
190:, and the aging premier of
186:, chairman of the board of
2738:
2138:research into centenarians
1839:Gerontology Research Group
1243:Kaiser J (December 2005).
1203:10.1038/s43587-024-00619-x
1086:10.1007/s11357-021-00358-6
875:10.1089/154916804323105017
741:DNA damage theory of aging
510:
416:can not only regenerate a
369:DNA damage theory of aging
257:, ultimately leads to its
33:
26:
2207:Longevity escape velocity
2094:aging-associated diseases
1879:MPI for Biology of Ageing
1658:
1612:Longevity escape velocity
1298:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101154
1145:10.1038/s41586-020-2975-4
909:10.1136/bmj.321.7276.1580
420:, but can regenerate the
2686:Longest-living organisms
1990:Experimental Gerontology
1889:SENS Research Foundation
338:homologous recombination
1962:Ageing Research Reviews
1607:List of aging processes
1411:10.1073/pnas.0305300101
1354:10.1126/science.1115200
1286:Ageing Research Reviews
591:) can be eliminated by
401:that guides restoration
324:(which determine where
233:is the accumulation of
141:may restore the youth.
117:Since the emergence of
2681:Transhumanist politics
2599:Immortality in fiction
2577:Biological immortality
2121:cognitive epidemiology
1652:Transhumanist politics
731:Biological immortality
697:Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
564:to introduce "suicide
485:191-amino acid protein
432:and can regenerate an
404:Induction of residual
289:(EPO); 4. insulin; 5.
2485:regions by continents
2104:negligible senescence
2099:degenerative diseases
2004:Rejuvenation Research
1997:Neurobiology of Aging
1874:Methuselah Foundation
862:Rejuvenation Research
688:Rejuvenation Research
637:are generated in the
625:by gene therapy. The
376:regenerative medicine
326:transcription factors
81:or intervention of a
2330:regions of countries
2150:LGBT life expectancy
1490:at Wikimedia Commons
1488:Rejuvenation (aging)
633:damage because most
501:age-related diseases
283:human growth hormone
216:Kim Stanley Robinson
125:and self-proclaimed
27:For other uses, see
2671:Longevity insurance
2589:Digital immortality
2215:calorie restriction
2202:Indefinite lifespan
2192:Anti-aging movement
2162:Biomarkers of aging
1849:Immortalist Society
1597:Indefinite lifespan
1577:Free-radical theory
1557:Calorie restriction
1547:Anti-aging movement
1402:2004PNAS..101.5524D
1345:2005Sci...310.1919B
1137:2020Natur.588..124L
1021:10.1038/nature09603
1013:2011Natur.469..102J
891:, Martyn C (2000).
836:Therapeutic cloning
776:Indefinite lifespan
751:Facial rejuvenation
721:Anti-aging movement
348:of patients having
320:. But by attaching
226:Modern developments
165:Philosopher's Stone
2321:World macroregions
2220:Diet and longevity
1919:The First Immortal
1451:St. Martin's Press
831:Tissue engineering
681:Scientific journal
442:de-differentiation
100:Juan Ponce de León
2694:
2693:
2525:
2524:
2245:stem-cell therapy
2157:Maximum life span
2029:
2028:
1859:Insilico Medicine
1698:Eric R. Braverman
1642:Stem-cell therapy
1486:Media related to
1464:978-0-312-36706-0
1339:(5756): 1919–23.
1131:(7836): 124–129.
801:Photorejuvenation
791:Maximum life span
756:Fountain of Youth
627:mitochondrial DNA
446:mesenchymal cells
390:into an existing
358:laboratory dishes
304:Most attempts at
266:maximum life span
207:Peter F. Hamilton
203:Commonwealth Saga
169:scientific method
112:Fountain of Youth
104:Caribbean islands
16:(Redirected from
2729:
2537:Longevity claims
2269:
2133:supercentenarian
2056:
2049:
2042:
2033:
1927:Fantastic Voyage
1718:Leonard Hayflick
1664:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1495:
1485:
1469:
1468:
1449:. New York, NY:
1440:
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1413:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1356:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1264:
1255:(5756): 1894–6.
1240:
1234:
1233:
1223:
1205:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1164:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1098:
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1057:
1056:. New Scientist.
1049:
1043:
1042:
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992:
986:
975:
969:
968:
954:
948:
941:The Medical Post
937:
931:
930:
920:
903:(7276): 1580–2.
885:
879:
878:
853:
489:mucous membranes
462:Cosmetic surgery
456:correlated with
382:Implantation of
312:to insert a new
299:Yamanaka factors
220:Revelation Space
184:Harold McCormick
21:
2737:
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2608:Longevity genes
2603:
2563:
2521:
2480:
2325:
2264:life expectancy
2262:
2256:
2166:
2145:Life expectancy
2084:Longevity myths
2065:
2060:
2030:
2025:
2009:
1949:
1898:
1894:Sierra Sciences
1844:Human Longevity
1789:2045 Initiative
1777:
1773:Michael D. West
1681:
1665:
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1530:
1522:
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1065:
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1050:
1046:
1007:(7328): 102–6.
994:
993:
989:
976:
972:
964:Chicago Tribune
956:
955:
951:
938:
934:
887:
886:
882:
855:
854:
850:
845:
840:
706:
683:
675:SENS Foundation
533:in the case of
517:The biomedical
515:
509:
399:tissue scaffold
228:
75:
41:
38:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2707:Life extension
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2676:Longevity risk
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2017:
2015:
2011:
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1979:
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1703:Aubrey de Grey
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1476:External links
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1396:(15): 5524–9.
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1196:(6): 871–885.
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723:
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693:Aubrey de Grey
682:
679:
671:
670:
660:to delete the
650:
615:
600:
587:garbage (like
582:
569:
550:
539:growth factors
522:Aubrey de Grey
511:Main article:
508:
505:
410:
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287:erythropoietin
274:life extension
239:macromolecules
227:
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199:Misspent Youth
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55:life extension
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10:
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2594:Eternal youth
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2542:Oldest people
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2517:South America
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2180:Topic outline
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746:Eternal youth
744:
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695:. Publisher:
694:
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635:free radicals
632:
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619:mitochondrial
616:
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586:
585:Extracellular
583:
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575:cross-linking
573:
570:
567:
563:
559:
558:immune system
555:
551:
548:
544:
543:cell division
541:to stimulate
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:
526:
523:
520:
519:gerontologist
514:
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332:(which break
331:
330:endonucleases
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72:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
49:
48:aging process
45:
37:
30:
19:
2582:Regeneration
2434:South Africa
2240:rejuvenation
2239:
2230:nanomedicine
2225:gene therapy
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1941:
1935:Ending Aging
1933:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1753:Durk Pearson
1738:Ray Kurzweil
1708:Laura Deming
1693:Bill Andrews
1632:Rejuvenation
1631:
1622:Nanomedicine
1582:Gene therapy
1445:
1438:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1193:
1190:Nature Aging
1189:
1179:
1128:
1124:
1113:
1076:
1072:
1062:
1047:
1004:
1000:
990:
983:
978:
973:
962:
952:
945:
935:
900:
896:
883:
866:
860:
851:
796:Nanomedicine
686:
672:
658:gene therapy
639:mitochondria
623:cell nucleus
562:gene therapy
516:
493:
478:
454:
411:
373:
362:
322:zinc fingers
303:
263:
229:
212:Mars trilogy
196:
173:
158:
143:
116:
110:to find the
97:
90:
87:
83:supernatural
76:
62:
52:
44:Rejuvenation
43:
42:
18:Rejuvination
2569:Immortality
2128:Centenarian
2111:Gerontology
1768:Roy Walford
1748:Liz Parrish
1587:Gerontology
1453:. pp.
1073:GeroScience
816:Shunamitism
771:Immortality
711:Aging brain
593:vaccination
481:homeopathic
346:bone marrow
36:Rejuvenate!
2722:Senescence
2701:Categories
2552:by country
2449:Tajikistan
2414:Kazakhstan
2272:by country
2089:Senescence
2014:Categories
1976:Aging Cell
1809:Altos Labs
1763:Sandy Shaw
1637:Senescence
1552:Biohacking
1525:Outline of
1292:: 101154.
857:De Grey AD
843:References
826:Telomerase
811:Senescence
736:DNA repair
666:telomerase
643:DNA repair
612:lipofuscin
595:that gets
552:Senescent
547:stem cells
448:, and the
414:salamander
384:stem cells
374:Stem cell
365:DNA repair
342:stem cells
336:strands),
318:chromosome
310:retrovirus
295:parabiosis
270:laboratory
119:philosophy
2666:Blue zone
2424:Palestine
2342:Australia
2337:Argentina
2063:Longevity
1758:Mark Roth
1723:Saul Kent
1592:Glycation
1314:221824975
1212:2662-8465
1153:1476-4687
980:The Times
781:Kayakalpa
631:mutagenic
458:happiness
434:intestine
394:structure
363:Enhanced
354:mutations
344:from the
328:bind) to
106:and into
2547:verified
2469:shortest
2289:Americas
2261:Lists of
2211:Methods
1954:Journals
1572:Exercise
1562:Cryonics
1430:15044709
1371:22810456
1363:16373567
1306:32977059
1271:16373552
1230:38724736
1221:11186771
1171:33268865
1105:33825176
1039:21113150
927:11124187
889:Shapin S
821:Telomere
761:Hayflick
704:See also
691:Editor:
647:proteins
608:bacteria
531:exercise
450:blastema
438:blastema
352:disease
278:hormones
255:organism
154:children
135:sponsors
63:reversal
2659:Related
2530:Records
2512:Oceania
2474:longest
2384:Germany
2379:Finland
2347:Belgium
2316:Oceania
2079:Old age
1824:BioViva
1398:Bibcode
1341:Bibcode
1333:Science
1249:Science
1162:7752134
1133:Bibcode
1096:8110674
1030:3057569
1009:Bibcode
918:1119261
869:: 1–2.
806:SAGE KE
604:enzymes
589:amyloid
572:Protein
470:breasts
466:abdomen
388:culture
306:genetic
247:tissues
180:Algiers
161:alchemy
150:virgins
146:essence
139:potions
131:patrons
127:wizards
108:Florida
2640:Klotho
2557:living
2502:Europe
2492:Africa
2454:Turkey
2444:Sweden
2429:Russia
2419:Mexico
2399:Israel
2389:Greece
2374:France
2367:Cities
2357:Canada
2352:Brazil
2311:Europe
2284:Africa
2071:Ageing
1946:(2019)
1938:(2007)
1930:(2004)
1922:(1998)
1914:(1982)
1829:Calico
1686:People
1670:Events
1567:Cyborg
1535:Issues
1461:
1428:
1421:397416
1418:
1369:
1361:
1312:
1304:
1269:
1228:
1218:
1210:
1169:
1159:
1151:
1125:Nature
1103:
1093:
1037:
1027:
1001:Nature
925:
915:
654:cancer
597:immune
535:muscle
496:Mprize
428:of an
426:retina
392:tissue
251:organs
235:damage
192:Turkey
93:heaven
67:damage
2645:SIRT1
2615:FOXO3
2439:Spain
2409:Japan
2404:Italy
2394:India
2362:China
2279:World
2185:index
1969:Aging
1903:Books
1834:ERIBA
1367:S2CID
1310:S2CID
662:genes
579:drugs
566:genes
554:cells
406:cells
386:from
350:blood
259:death
243:cells
231:Aging
123:sages
79:magic
59:aging
2625:CETP
2620:APOE
2497:Asia
2306:Asia
2250:SENS
1864:LEAF
1799:AgeX
1459:ISBN
1426:PMID
1359:PMID
1302:PMID
1267:PMID
1226:PMID
1208:ISSN
1167:PMID
1149:ISSN
1101:PMID
1035:PMID
923:PMID
664:for
652:For
617:For
494:The
474:face
422:lens
418:limb
314:gene
291:DHEA
249:and
201:and
133:and
2650:TNF
2635:IL6
2630:ACE
2464:USA
1884:NIA
1869:LEF
1854:ILA
1814:AGE
1794:A4M
1455:416
1416:PMC
1406:doi
1394:101
1349:doi
1337:310
1294:doi
1257:doi
1253:310
1216:PMC
1198:doi
1157:PMC
1141:doi
1129:588
1091:PMC
1081:doi
1025:PMC
1017:doi
1005:469
913:PMC
905:doi
901:321
897:BMJ
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