503:
the United States at the time was normally three years. By 1983 in the United States, the theatrical window before a film would be made available to other media, (at the time, firstly cable or pay TV) was around a year. In France, with the rise of home video, a law was created to give a theatrical window of one year before a film was made available to home video with it then being available to pay television then free-to-air television two or three years later. By 1985 in the United States, the theatrical window before a film was released on home video was normally four to six months, depending on the performance of the film at the box office. Films in the US were then available for pay-per-view four months later and, approximately two years after its theatrical release date, available for free-to-air television. The reduction in the theatrical window impacted subrun theaters that showed films after they had been screened by first-run theaters. By 2019, the theatrical window had been reduced to an average of three months in the United States.
167:
395:, the producer would enter into an agreement with each theater, with priority given to large-seating and famous theaters. Money would be made via ticket sales. A movie's showing would be limited to drive up demand and to help create a sense of prestige. Although this method helped increase film earnings for the producer, given its nature, a movie's release would only be at the regional level. Some of the first road show films were the Italian film
144:
324:
121:
234:. The movie theater pays an average of about 50-55% of its ticket sales to the movie studio, as film rental fees. The actual percentage starts with a number higher than that and decreases as the duration of a film's showing continues, as an incentive to theaters to keep movies in the theater longer. However, today's barrage of highly marketed movies ensures that most movies are shown in
2440:
860:
190:
213:
536:. In response to such statements, theater owners made threats not to show the movie on their screens, but later reconsidered their position before the movie was released. As of 2019, most major theater chains mandated an exclusivity window of 90 days before release on physical home video and rental availability, and 74–76 days before
1847:
Cineworld and Warner Bros have also hatched a multi-year agreement that will see the No. 2 global exhibitor show the studio's 2021 theatrical and HBO Max day-and-date titles in the U.S. as of their theatrical release. Then, beginning in 2022, Warner Bros theatrical films will have a 45-day window of
450:
Simultaneous releases offer great advantages to both consumers, who can choose the medium that most suits their needs, and production studios that only have to run one marketing campaign for all releases. The flip side, though, is that such distribution efforts are often regarded as experimental and
89:
Initially, all mass-marketed feature films were made to be shown in movie theaters. The identity of the first theater designed specifically for cinema is a matter of debate; candidates include Tally's
Electric Theatre, established 1902 in Los Angeles, and Pittsburgh's Nickelodeon, established 1905.
502:
in the United States passed a resolution in 1980 objecting to the proposed release of video cassettes at the same time as a film was released in theaters on the basis that their release would negatively impact theatrical revenues. The window between theatrical release and free-to-air television in
497:
Between 1967 and 1974, the average theatrical window in the United States between a film's theatrical release and its showing on TV was just over five years. By 1979, with the advent of pay television, films were normally made available to pay television in the United States one or two years after
743:) and will instead use a 45-day exclusive release window for theaters. Most recently, the parent company has reached an agreement for a 17-day and a 31-day theatrical window with Universal Pictures and has agreed on a deal with Walt Disney Pictures to show its movies in U.S. and U.K. theaters.
415:
The standard release routine for a movie is regulated by a business model called "release windows". The release windows system was first conceived in the 1970s as a strategy to keep different instances of a movie from competing with each other, allowing the movie to take advantage of different
384:
basis for 10 cents a foot. Absent major studios or national theater franchises, this system was generally the best way to ensure national release of a film, particularly for shorter films. However, in terms of profitability, the states rights system was not the most effective way to screen
379:
Under the states rights system, films were sold on a local, territorial basis. The local salesperson would then play the film as often as they desired in an attempt to make as much profit as possible. Film copyright holders would sell rights of a movie directly to the theater or franchise
465:
Cinema owners can be affected if they have to share their opportunity window, especially at the beginning of the movie lifecycle, since, according to Disney, about 95% of all box office tickets for a film are sold within the first six weeks after initial distribution.
688:
also became available for in-home on-demand viewing after a theatrical run shorter than usual in the wake of widespread theatre closures. As a result of the controversy surrounding the shrinking and even elimination of the theatrical window, in April 2020
434:
Currently, after a movie is released through movie theaters, it is released to home video and VOD services. After an additional period, it is usually released to pay television, and then made available for free-to-air television.
613:, identified that they were working on an agreement that would see certain movies receive a premium video-on-demand release within weeks of their theatrical premieres. Nothing came out of these discussions, and after
948:
724:, with theaters granted a higher 60% take of box office sales. In December 2020, Warner Bros. announced it would release its entire 2021 theatrical slate simultaneously in theaters and on Max for 30 days.
246:, about 26% of Hollywood movie studios' worldwide income came from box office ticket sales; 46% came from VHS and DVD sales to consumers; and 28% came from television (broadcast, cable, and pay-per-view).
1299:
735:
However, this would be short-lived, because in March 2021, it was announced that Warner Bros. would discontinue same-day releases in 2022, as part of an agreement the studio reached with
759:" movie. The production values on these films are often considered to be of inferior quality compared to theatrical releases in similar genres; some films that are rejected by their own
640:
broke the theatrical window due to widespread theatre closings and made several films available on home media shortly after their theatrical debuts, such as
Universal releasing
53:
for the film, the media by which a film is to be exhibited or made available for viewing and other matters. The film may be exhibited directly to the public either through a
458:
claiming movies should simultaneously be made available on all media allowing viewers to choose whether to see it at home or at the theater, and disapproval, with director
1631:
844:
647:
269:
rented for a percentage of the gross receipts. Today, the bulk of the material shown before the feature film consists of previews for upcoming movies (also known as
798:
As a result of strong DVD sales, straight-to-video releases achieved higher success and were noted in 2005 to have become a profitable market, especially for
1290:
90:
Thousands of such theaters were built or converted from existing facilities within a few years. In the United States, these theaters came to be known as
288:
of movies became available to consumers to watch in their own homes. Recording technology has since enabled consumers to rent or buy copies of films on
614:
1831:
242:
movies that start in only a few theaters and actually grow their theater count through good word-of-mouth and reviews. According to a 2000 study by
1684:
873:
633:
543:
Other strategies are also being deployed in order to make up for slow DVD sales. Most major studios have considered making movies available to
499:
1543:
447:
takes place when a movie is made available on many media (cinema, home video, VOD) at the same time or with very little difference in timing.
1722:
602:, the film was simultaneously released theatrically and online through its subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) service on October 16, 2015.
2330:
1944:
795:
formats (such as VHS, DVD, etc.) without being released in theaters first, thereby not taking into consideration the "theatrical window".
1734:
1518:
969:
1806:
1891:
1133:
1099:
1267:
284:
became the first magnetic format in which movies could be enjoyed in institutions outside the theatre. Later that year, the first
528:
1832:"Regal Cinemas To Reopen In April; Parent Cineworld & Warner Bros Reach Multi-Year Deal To Show WB Films In U.S. & UK"
365:
280:
has allowed films to be broadcast to larger audiences, usually after the film is no longer being shown in theaters. In 1971
515:
owners, whose profits depend solely upon attendance and therefore benefit from keeping a movie available on their screens.
388:
This method also made it possible to screen films of various genre which may be illegal in one state but legal in another.
642:
427:
for a short run before being re-released in theaters. It then returned to pay television before being made available for
1577:
2107:
2359:
1707:
1021:"PBS Frontline: The Monster that Ate Hollywood: Anatomy of a Monster: Now Playing ... And playing ... And playing ..."
392:
91:
1632:"All the movies streaming early amid coronavirus theater closures: 'Onward,' 'Sonic the Hedgehog,' 'I Still Believe'"
41:, is the process of making a movie available for viewing to an audience. This is normally the task of a professional
1861:
1449:
2464:
2347:
1748:
598:
239:
1602:
1347:
Fabrikant, Geri (April 16, 1980). "NBC Pays $ 5 Mil For Fox' 'Breaking Away' In Hopes Of
Bolstering Its Ratings".
231:
2260:
2085:
1162:
1020:
838:
2068:
1937:
658:
532:
14 weeks after the movie's release date (instead of the then usual 17) in order to avoid competition from the
1773:
949:"You saw it here first: Pittsburgh's Nickelodeon introduced the moving picture theater to the masses in 1905"
507:
reportedly pushed to shrink the theatrical window in an attempt to make up for the substantial losses in the
2420:
2205:
1259:
721:
537:
1658:
1430:
555:
in which the latter agreed to distribute a number of major movies to the aforementioned VOD service before
2352:
582:
would be released on video on demand on
September 3, one month before its theatrical release. The British
568:
485:
235:
1659:"NBCUniversal will break the theatrical window to release 'The Invisible Man' and other movies on-demand"
2210:
2195:
2152:
826:
403:
74:
385:
feature-length films since the film's producers only made money on the initial sale of each film copy.
2390:
2364:
2307:
2147:
888:
820:
588:
444:
2469:
2112:
2016:
1930:
511:
market suffered since the 2004 sales peak. These attempts have encountered the firm opposition of
2425:
2122:
2033:
1332:
1315:
1206:
694:
624:
stated that the theatrical window is working for the company and they had no plans to adjust it.
606:
471:
459:
1224:
Monet, Jack (May 1, 1985). "French Exhibs Spur
Seizures Of HV Titles As Vid Battle Continues".
2200:
2117:
2011:
1781:
1492:
1129:
1095:
716:
699:
637:
504:
476:
1089:
2395:
2325:
2228:
2223:
2174:
2102:
2063:
1123:
977:
903:
832:
799:
652:
552:
42:
2369:
2247:
2075:
2006:
1578:"Studios Push for $ 50 Early Home Movie Rentals, but Negotiations Are Complex (EXCLUSIVE)"
1504:
893:
878:
772:
756:
752:
704:
573:
563:
544:
270:
70:
66:
1895:
419:
In the standard process in 1979 in the United States, a movie was first released through
1480:
1063:
974:
A Theater Near You: Washington
Theater Memorabilia from the collection of Robert Headley
2295:
2285:
2233:
2157:
2055:
2023:
1969:
1125:
Movie
Roadshows: A History and Filmography of Reserved-Seat Limited Showings, 1911-1973
533:
424:
285:
254:
78:
46:
323:
2458:
2410:
2302:
2045:
1996:
1974:
1685:"Disney releases Onward for digital purchase two weeks after its theatrical premiere"
1386:
1369:
1349:
1226:
791:", depending on media used for film distribution) occurs when a movie is released on
751:
Some films may be made specifically for non-theatrical formats, being released as a "
740:
668:
512:
420:
309:
149:
54:
1869:
1457:
238:
for less than 8 weeks. There are a few movies every year that defy this rule, often
2342:
2290:
2255:
2215:
2167:
2028:
1986:
760:
725:
711:
690:
610:
578:
250:
50:
547:
services shortly after their theatrical release for a premium price. In July 2010
230:
Distributors license films to theaters granting the right to show the film for a
2444:
2415:
2405:
2337:
2162:
2090:
2001:
865:
428:
126:
316:). Internet downloads are also revenue sources for film production companies.
2385:
2280:
2270:
2265:
2134:
2080:
2040:
1991:
1979:
1961:
1953:
855:
792:
523:
455:
381:
289:
277:
261:
picture" rented by an independent theater for a lump sum, and a lower-quality
62:
58:
17:
1785:
1330:
Gelman, Morrie (October 8, 1980). "Hirschfield: Stake In New Media
Crucial".
2142:
2095:
898:
815:
736:
729:
508:
313:
301:
172:
1908:
Lerman, Laurence (September 17, 2001). "Independents' 'Bread and Butter'".
1603:"Disney Soothes Exhibitors, Says It Loves Theaters Just As Much As Disney+"
1401:
922:
1807:"AMC Theatres boss criticizes Warner Bros. for HBO Max 2021 release plans"
673:
2275:
621:
305:
243:
368:(Edison Trust) in 1915, there were two main forms of film distribution:
77:). For commercial projects, film distribution is usually accompanied by
2179:
1544:"Relativity Media To Stream Movies On Netflix Instead Of Premium Cable"
883:
811:
787:
593:
548:
454:
Simultaneous release approaches have gained both praise, with investor
397:
281:
262:
999:
656:
for purchase 12 days after theatrical release, Warner Bros. releasing
663:
583:
566:
movies are also utilizing new release strategies. In 2009, the movie
556:
519:
195:
98:
Avg. number of movies watched in cinemas in 2013 per person per year
1561:
Hurwitz (March 3, 2015). "Netflix to stream 'Beasts of No Nation'".
1064:"The Early Film Business - Distribution: States Rights or Road Show"
1519:"Netflix Forgoes Wide Release for Martin Scorsese's 'The Irishman'"
1183:
1241:
522:
announced it would be putting out the DVD and Blu-ray versions of
218:
576:
one month later. In August 2010, it was announced that the movie
462:
claiming it could potentially destroy the "magic" of moviegoing.
2400:
1926:
1723:
AMC, largest cinema chain in US, announces boycott of
Universal
672:
for purchase 15 days after theatrical release and streaming on
1749:"'Wonder Woman 1984' to Debut Both on HBO Max and in Theaters"
1735:
Universal and AMC are quarreling: What it says about
Hollywood
780:
618:
318:
297:
293:
1922:
1774:"Opinion | The Window on New Movie Releases Finally Shatters"
1367:
Greenberg, James (October 25, 1983). "Exhibs Eyeing Future".
1313:"Ask FCC To Ban Theatre Pix On TV Til Cable Gets 1st Crack".
605:
In late 2018, five of the major Hollywood studios, including
1830:
D'Alessandro, Anthony; Tartaglione, Nancy (March 23, 2021).
976:. University of Maryland Special Collections. Archived from
416:
markets (cinema, home video, TV, etc.) at different times.
763:
upon completion may be distributed through these markets.
94:, because admission typically cost a nickel (five cents).
451:
thus do not receive substantial investment or promotion.
1291:"DVDS of films to be sold 3 months after cinema release"
1091:
Epics, Spectacles, and Blockbusters: A Hollywood History
498:
theatrical release. With the advent of home video, the
335:
1204:"Pay-Cable Men Assurance To Theatres: "Don't Worry"".
572:
premiered on VOD systems on October 1, and received a
334: with: optical disc distribution. You can help by
592:
has also undergone the same release timetable. After
249:
Typically, one film is the featured presentation (or
483:(2005) by James Erskine & Danny McCullough, and
2378:
2316:
2246:
2188:
2133:
2054:
1960:
1481:"Disney and UK theater chain reach deal on 'Alice'"
1848:theatrical exclusivity at Cineworld's Regal chain.
1626:
1624:
1622:
1289:
707:purchases simultaneous to its theatrical release.
845:Eyes and Ears of God: Video Surveillance of Sudan
469:Among relevant simultaneous release attempts are
1708:AMC bans Universal films from its theaters over
1429:Lauren A.E. Schuker; Ethan Smith (22 May 2010).
1163:"Movie Studios Push to Unlock VHS Release Dates"
1161:Ethan Smith; Lauren Cathode (12 February 2010).
1653:
1651:
1384:"U.S. Suppliers Irked By Ruling On HV Window".
693:stated it would no longer screen films made by
27:Making a motion picture available to the public
646:for rental 21 days after theatrical release,
1938:
8:
1094:. Wayne State University Press. p. 24.
596:bought the worldwide distribution rights to
1260:"Director Warns of Big Screens' Extinction"
1000:"Koreans are No. 1 moviegoers in the world"
2185:
1945:
1931:
1923:
1219:
1217:
1057:
1055:
1053:
475:(2006) by Academy Award-winning director
1199:
1197:
1178:
1176:
777:A direct-to-video release (also called "
96:
1424:
1422:
1362:
1360:
1083:
1081:
914:
1500:
1490:
1479:Reuters Editorial (19 February 2010).
1242:"Mark Cuban's distribution revolution"
1156:
1154:
1152:
1088:Hall, Sheldon; Neale, Stephen (2010).
874:Counterprogramming (film distribution)
662:18 days after theatrical release, and
500:National Association of Theatre Owners
423:(theatrical window), then released to
1270:from the original on January 27, 2013
1015:
1013:
7:
810:Feature films released directly to
720:simultaneously in theaters and on
676:29 days after theatrical release.
493:Shrinking of the theatrical window
25:
1912:21 (38): Section: Video Premieres
253:). Before the 1970s, there were "
2438:
1683:Gartenberg, Chaim (2020-03-20).
1302:from the original on 2022-01-11.
1210:. February 28, 1979. p. 17.
858:
650:and Columbia Pictures releasing
322:
211:
188:
165:
142:
119:
39:film distribution and exhibition
1431:"Hollywood Eyes Shortcut to TV"
947:McNulty, Timothy (2005-06-19).
257:s"; typically, a high-quality "
1725:theguardian.com April 29, 2020
1450:"'Alice' stirs more exhib ire"
1319:. October 9, 1974. p. 57.
970:"Pre-Nickelodeon/ Nickelodeon"
615:Disney bought 21st Century Fox
366:Motion Picture Patents Company
1:
1747:Rubin, Rebecca (2020-11-18).
1601:Lindahl, Chris (2020-02-04).
802:filmmakers and distributors.
1772:Swisher, Kara (2020-12-04).
380:salesperson, typically on a
364:Prior to the decline of the
232:theatrical rental rental fee
223:
200:
177:
154:
131:
1402:"Theatrical Release Window"
1390:. July 16, 1985. p. 1.
1066:. Cobblestone Entertainment
714:announced it would release
628:COVID-19 pandemic influence
360:Pre-studio era film release
273:) and paid advertisements.
65:(including physical media,
2486:
1576:Lang, Brent (2017-02-23).
1184:"Hollywood's death spiral"
923:"Tally's Electric Theatre"
770:
747:Other distribution methods
574:limited theatrical release
45:, who would determine the
2434:
1862:"Spending on DVDs up 10%"
951:. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
767:Straight-to-video release
1128:. McFarland. p. 9.
1122:Holston, Kim R. (2012).
1045:Broadcasting & Cable
562:Producers of relatively
401:(1914) and the American
300:(older formats include:
109:Number of movies viewed
1737:cnbc.com April 30, 2020
703:was made available for
355:Theatrical distribution
1892:"DVD Exclusive Online"
1523:The Hollywood Reporter
1062:J.A. Aberdeen (2005).
1043:"Timeline/Fun Facts,"
569:The House of the Devil
486:The Road to Guantanamo
2153:Principal photography
827:The Cult of Sincerity
771:Further information:
732:criticized the plan.
404:The Birth of a Nation
75:broadcast syndication
63:personal home viewing
2391:Guerrilla filmmaking
2365:Digital distribution
2308:Digital intermediate
2148:Cinematic techniques
1298:. 19 February 2010.
889:Digital distribution
821:Zeitgeist: The Movie
551:secured a deal with
538:digital sell-through
445:simultaneous release
439:Simultaneous release
2113:Production schedule
1872:on February 8, 2013
1713:CNN, April 29, 2020
1460:on February 5, 2013
1448:Pamela McClintock.
1435:Wall Street Journal
1167:Wall Street Journal
818:platforms include:
599:Beasts of No Nation
529:Alice in Wonderland
505:Major movie studios
276:The development of
99:
71:television programs
2426:First-dollar gross
1778:The New York Times
1503:has generic name (
1248:. 24 October 2005.
710:In November 2020,
695:Universal Pictures
678:Sonic the Hedgehog
460:M. Night Shyamalan
236:first-run theaters
97:
2465:Film distribution
2452:
2451:
2242:
2241:
2118:Shooting schedule
1710:Trolls World Tour
1264:Los Angeles Times
717:Wonder Woman 1984
700:Trolls World Tour
686:The Invisible Man
643:The Invisible Man
634:COVID-19 pandemic
477:Steven Soderbergh
352:
351:
228:
227:
31:Film distribution
16:(Redirected from
2477:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2396:Development hell
2326:Film distributor
2229:Costume designer
2206:Daily production
2186:
2180:Dailies (rushes)
2175:Daily call sheet
2103:Production board
2064:Script breakdown
1947:
1940:
1933:
1924:
1913:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1894:. Archived from
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1868:. Archived from
1860:Scott Hettrick.
1857:
1851:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1628:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1525:. 27 August 2019
1515:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1488:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1456:. Archived from
1445:
1439:
1438:
1426:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1293:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1221:
1212:
1211:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1158:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1059:
1048:
1047:, Nov. 21, 2011.
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1017:
1008:
1007:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
966:
960:
959:
957:
956:
944:
938:
937:
935:
933:
927:Cinema Treasures
919:
904:Film distributor
868:
863:
862:
861:
806:Internet release
753:television movie
553:Relativity Media
411:Standard release
347:
344:
326:
319:
221:
217:
215:
214:
198:
194:
192:
191:
175:
171:
169:
168:
152:
148:
146:
145:
129:
125:
123:
122:
100:
51:release strategy
43:film distributor
21:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2445:Film portal
2439:
2437:
2430:
2374:
2370:Streaming media
2312:
2286:Special effects
2248:Post-production
2238:
2184:
2129:
2108:Day out of days
2076:Shooting script
2050:
2007:film adaptation
1956:
1951:
1921:
1916:
1907:
1903:
1898:on 15 May 2006.
1890:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1840:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1790:
1788:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1757:
1755:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1721:
1717:
1706:
1702:
1693:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1668:
1666:
1665:. 16 March 2020
1657:
1656:
1649:
1640:
1638:
1630:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1586:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1528:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1499:
1489:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1411:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1366:
1365:
1358:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1273:
1271:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1190:. 25 July 2005.
1182:
1181:
1174:
1160:
1159:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1004:The Korea Times
998:
997:
993:
983:
981:
980:on 30 July 2012
968:
967:
963:
954:
952:
946:
945:
941:
931:
929:
921:
920:
916:
912:
894:Direct-to-video
879:Bel Air Circuit
864:
859:
857:
854:
808:
775:
773:Direct-to-video
769:
757:direct-to-video
749:
705:video on demand
682:I Still Believe
630:
518:In early 2010,
495:
441:
413:
393:roadshow system
362:
357:
348:
342:
339:
332:needs expansion
240:limited-release
212:
210:
209:
189:
187:
186:
166:
164:
163:
143:
141:
140:
120:
118:
117:
87:
67:video-on-demand
35:film exhibition
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2483:
2481:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2457:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2322:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2252:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2234:Make-up artist
2231:
2226:
2221:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2196:Film inventory
2192:
2190:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2158:Cinematography
2150:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2060:
2058:
2056:Pre-production
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2026:
2024:Film budgeting
2021:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1972:
1970:Film treatment
1966:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1927:
1920:
1919:External links
1917:
1915:
1914:
1910:Video Business
1901:
1883:
1852:
1822:
1797:
1764:
1739:
1727:
1715:
1700:
1675:
1647:
1618:
1593:
1568:
1553:
1550:. 6 July 2010.
1535:
1510:
1471:
1440:
1418:
1393:
1376:
1373:. p. 182.
1356:
1339:
1322:
1305:
1281:
1251:
1246:Slate Magazine
1233:
1213:
1193:
1188:Slate Magazine
1172:
1148:
1134:
1114:
1100:
1077:
1049:
1036:
1009:
991:
961:
939:
913:
911:
908:
907:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
870:
869:
853:
850:
807:
804:
768:
765:
748:
745:
739:(who operates
629:
626:
617:, then Disney
564:smaller-budget
534:2010 World Cup
494:
491:
440:
437:
425:pay television
421:movie theaters
412:
409:
361:
358:
356:
353:
350:
349:
329:
327:
286:videocassettes
255:double feature
226:
225:
222:
207:
203:
202:
199:
184:
180:
179:
176:
161:
157:
156:
153:
138:
134:
133:
130:
115:
111:
110:
107:
104:
86:
83:
79:film promotion
33:, also called
26:
24:
18:Release window
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2482:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2447:
2446:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2411:Film industry
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2303:Negative cost
2301:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:Daily reports
2187:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2046:Working title
2044:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1823:
1812:
1808:
1805:Keane, Sean.
1801:
1798:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1765:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1701:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1676:
1664:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1501:|author=
1494:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1472:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1387:Daily Variety
1380:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1370:Daily Variety
1363:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1350:Daily Variety
1343:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1296:The Telegraph
1292:
1285:
1282:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1227:Daily Variety
1220:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1137:
1135:9780786460625
1131:
1127:
1126:
1118:
1115:
1103:
1101:9780814330081
1097:
1093:
1092:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
995:
992:
979:
975:
971:
965:
962:
950:
943:
940:
928:
924:
918:
915:
909:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
867:
856:
851:
849:
847:
846:
841:
840:
839:Life in a Day
835:
834:
829:
828:
823:
822:
817:
813:
805:
803:
801:
796:
794:
790:
789:
783:
782:
774:
766:
764:
762:
761:movie studios
758:
754:
746:
744:
742:
741:Regal Cinemas
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
718:
713:
708:
706:
702:
701:
696:
692:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:
665:
661:
660:
655:
654:
649:
645:
644:
639:
638:major studios
635:
627:
625:
623:
620:
616:
612:
608:
603:
601:
600:
595:
591:
590:
585:
581:
580:
575:
571:
570:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
530:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
501:
492:
490:
488:
487:
482:
478:
474:
473:
467:
463:
461:
457:
452:
448:
446:
438:
436:
432:
430:
426:
422:
417:
410:
408:
406:
405:
400:
399:
394:
389:
386:
383:
377:
375:
371:
370:states rights
367:
359:
354:
346:
343:December 2009
337:
333:
330:This section
328:
325:
321:
320:
317:
315:
311:
310:SelectaVision
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
272:
268:
266:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
220:
208:
205:
204:
197:
185:
182:
181:
174:
162:
159:
158:
151:
150:United States
139:
136:
135:
128:
116:
113:
112:
108:
105:
102:
101:
95:
93:
84:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
55:movie theater
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
2436:
2338:Film release
2318:Distribution
2317:
2261:Re-recording
2256:Film editing
2168:Videographer
2029:Film finance
1987:Step outline
1909:
1904:
1896:the original
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1870:the original
1865:
1855:
1846:
1839:. Retrieved
1835:
1825:
1814:. Retrieved
1810:
1800:
1789:. Retrieved
1777:
1767:
1756:. Retrieved
1752:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1709:
1703:
1692:. Retrieved
1688:
1678:
1667:. Retrieved
1662:
1639:. Retrieved
1635:
1610:. Retrieved
1606:
1596:
1585:. Retrieved
1581:
1571:
1562:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1527:. Retrieved
1522:
1513:
1484:
1474:
1462:. Retrieved
1458:the original
1453:
1443:
1434:
1410:. Retrieved
1408:. 2013-07-20
1405:
1396:
1385:
1379:
1368:
1353:. p. 1.
1348:
1342:
1336:. p. 5.
1331:
1325:
1314:
1308:
1295:
1284:
1272:. Retrieved
1263:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1230:. p. 8.
1225:
1205:
1187:
1166:
1139:. Retrieved
1124:
1117:
1105:. Retrieved
1090:
1068:. Retrieved
1044:
1039:
1027:. Retrieved
1023:
1003:
994:
982:. Retrieved
978:the original
973:
964:
953:. Retrieved
942:
930:. Retrieved
926:
917:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
809:
797:
786:straight-to-
785:
779:straight-to-
778:
776:
750:
734:
726:AMC Theatres
715:
712:Warner Bros.
709:
698:
691:AMC Theatres
685:
681:
677:
667:
659:The Way Back
657:
651:
641:
631:
611:Warner Bros.
604:
597:
587:
579:Freakonomics
577:
567:
561:
542:
527:
517:
496:
484:
480:
470:
468:
464:
453:
449:
442:
433:
431:television.
418:
414:
402:
396:
390:
387:
382:foot-by-foot
378:
373:
369:
363:
340:
336:adding to it
331:
275:
264:
258:
251:feature film
248:
229:
92:nickelodeons
88:
69:, download,
38:
34:
30:
29:
2416:Film rights
2406:Filmography
2163:Videography
2091:Scenography
2002:spec script
1962:Development
866:Film portal
842:(2011) and
800:independent
632:During the
429:free-to-air
127:South Korea
2470:Filmmaking
2459:Categories
2421:Turnaround
2386:Box office
2271:Soundtrack
2266:Sync sound
2224:Editor log
2201:Production
2135:Production
2081:Storyboard
2041:Greenlight
1992:Screenplay
1980:scriptment
1954:Filmmaking
1816:2020-12-05
1791:2020-12-05
1758:2020-12-05
1694:2020-03-20
1669:2020-03-17
1663:TechCrunch
1641:2020-03-19
1612:2020-04-02
1587:2018-11-07
1529:2019-10-05
1412:2019-09-15
955:2007-01-25
910:References
793:home video
666:releasing
636:, all the
524:Tim Burton
456:Mark Cuban
290:home media
278:television
59:television
2143:Film crew
2123:one-liner
2096:Rehearsal
1876:April 20,
1841:March 24,
1786:0362-4331
1689:The Verge
1636:USA Today
1607:IndieWire
1563:USA TODAY
1548:Slashfilm
1464:April 20,
1274:April 20,
984:23 August
932:11 August
899:DVD-Video
816:streaming
814:or other
737:Cineworld
730:Adam Aron
653:Bloodshot
607:Universal
391:With the
314:videodisc
302:laserdisc
173:Australia
47:marketing
2360:Roadshow
2276:Timecode
2211:Progress
1975:Producer
1836:Deadline
1493:cite web
1300:Archived
1268:Archived
1141:March 9,
1107:March 9,
1070:March 9,
1029:June 23,
852:See also
848:(2012).
836:(2009),
830:(2008),
824:(2007),
622:Bob Iger
589:Monsters
489:(2006).
407:(1915).
374:roadshow
292:such as
271:trailers
267:picture"
244:ABN AMRO
73:through
2379:Related
2353:delayed
2348:limited
2086:Casting
2069:process
1997:process
1866:Variety
1753:Variety
1582:Variety
1485:Reuters
1454:Variety
1333:Variety
1316:Variety
1207:Variety
1024:pbs.org
884:Blu-ray
812:YouTube
788:Blu-ray
674:Disney+
594:Netflix
549:Netflix
513:theater
398:Cabiria
282:U-Matic
106:Country
85:History
2296:visual
2017:Option
1784:
1132:
1098:
784:" or "
755:" or "
697:after
684:, and
669:Onward
664:Disney
586:movie
584:sci-fi
557:Pay TV
520:Disney
472:Bubble
216:
196:France
193:
170:
147:
124:
2291:sound
2281:Music
2216:Sound
2034:pitch
224:4.14
219:India
201:3.44
178:3.75
155:3.88
132:4.12
61:, or
2401:Film
2343:wide
2331:list
2220:Cost
2012:Hook
1878:2020
1843:2021
1811:CNET
1782:ISSN
1505:help
1466:2020
1406:NATO
1276:2020
1143:2015
1130:ISBN
1109:2015
1096:ISBN
1072:2015
1031:2007
986:2013
934:2010
833:Home
728:CEO
648:Sony
609:and
372:and
312:and
103:Rank
49:and
781:DVD
722:Max
619:CEO
545:VOD
526:'s
509:DVD
481:EMR
338:.
306:VCD
298:DVD
296:or
294:VHS
57:or
37:or
2461::
1864:.
1845:.
1834:.
1809:.
1780:.
1776:.
1751:.
1687:.
1661:.
1650:^
1634:.
1621:^
1605:.
1580:.
1546:.
1521:.
1497::
1495:}}
1491:{{
1483:.
1452:.
1433:.
1421:^
1404:.
1359:^
1294:.
1266:.
1262:.
1244:.
1216:^
1196:^
1186:.
1175:^
1165:.
1151:^
1080:^
1052:^
1012:^
1002:.
972:.
925:.
680:,
559:.
540:.
479:,
443:A
376:.
308:,
304:,
81:.
1946:e
1939:t
1932:v
1880:.
1819:.
1794:.
1761:.
1697:.
1672:.
1644:.
1615:.
1590:.
1565:.
1532:.
1507:)
1487:.
1468:.
1437:.
1415:.
1278:.
1169:.
1145:.
1111:.
1074:.
1033:.
1006:.
988:.
958:.
936:.
345:)
341:(
265:B
263:"
259:A
206:5
183:4
160:3
137:2
114:1
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.