Relic - Knowledge (XXG)

2096: 1655: 1319: 1176: 924:, "o the communities fortunate enough to have a saint's remains in its church, the benefits in terms of revenue and status were enormous, and competition to acquire relics and to promote the local saint's virtues over those of neighboring communities was keen." Local clergy promoted their own patron saints in an effort to secure their own market share. On occasion guards had to watch over mortally ill holy men and women to prevent the unauthorized dismemberment of their corpses as soon as they died. Geary also suggests that the danger of someone murdering an aging holy man in order to acquire his relics was a legitimate concern. 1269: 1640: 1067: 808: 1195: 1226: 1596:) and to welcome and awe the large crowds of pilgrims who came to seek their help. Romanesque buildings developed passageways behind the altar to allow for the creation of several smaller chapels designed to house relics. From the exterior, this collection of small rooms is seen as a cluster of delicate, curved roofs at one end of the church, a distinctive feature of many Romanesque churches. Gothic churches featured lofty, recessed porches which provided space for statuary and the display of relics. 1670: 66: 1047: 2149:, there is, according to some scholars, an erroneous perception which persists both among some modern Muslims and Western observers opining that "the Islamic experience is marginal, because of the perceived absence of relics in Islam." It is, however, evident that "the historical reality of relics in Islam" was very different, and that the classical Islamic thinkers posed various reasons for why the veneration of the relics of prophets and saints was permissible. 1059: 1246: 1612: 132: 632: 42: 360: 495: 421: 676:. These were initially not regular churches, but "covered cemeteries" crammed with graves, wherein was celebrated funerary and memorial services. It may have been thought that when the souls of the martyrs went to heaven on resurrection day they would be accompanied by those interred nearby, who would thus gain favour with God. 1004:

famously remarked that there were enough pieces of the True Cross to build a ship from. A study in 1870 found that, put together, the claimed relics of the cross at that much later time weighed less than 1.7 kg. By the middle of the 16th century, the number of relics in Christian churches became

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of 1563 enjoined bishops to instruct their flocks that "the holy bodies of holy martyrs ... are to be venerated by the faithful, for through these many benefits are bestowed by God on men". The Council further insisted that "in the invocation of saints, the veneration of relics and the sacred use of

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are containers used to protect and display relics. While frequently taking the form of caskets, they have many other forms including simulations of the relic encased within (e.g., a gilded depiction of an arm for a relic consisting of arm bones). Since the relics themselves were considered valuable,

1361:, or secondary relics) were, however, scarce and did not provide most believers with ready access to proximity to the holy. The growth in the production and popularity of reproducible contact relics in the fifth and sixth centuries testifies to the need felt for more widespread access to the divine. 1364:

These contact relics usually involved the placing of readily available objects, such as pieces of cloth, clay tablets, or water then bottled for believers, in contact with a relic. Alternatively, such objects could be dipped into water which had been in contact with the relic (such as the bone of a

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In 2017, the Congregation for the Causes of Saints abolished the relics of the third degree, introducing a two-stage scale of classification of relics: significant (insigni) and non-significant (non insigni) relics. The first are the bodies or their significant parts, as well as the entire contents

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items directly associated with the events of Christ's life (manger, cross, etc.) or the physical remains of a saint (a bone, a hair, skull, a limb, etc.). Traditionally, a martyr's relics are often more prized than the relics of other saints. Parts of the saint that were significant to that saint's

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As holy relics attracted pilgrims and these religious tourists needed to be housed, fed, and provided with souvenirs, relics became a source of income not only for the destinations that held them, but for the abbeys, churches, and towns en route. Relics were prized as they were portable. They could

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And Elisha died, and they buried him. Now the bands of the Moabites used to invade the land at the coming in of the year. And it came to pass, as they were burying a man, that, behold, they spied a band; and they cast the man into the sepulchre of Elisha; and as soon as the man touched the bones of

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be possessed, inventoried, bequeathed, stolen, counterfeited, and smuggled. They could add value to an established site or confer significance on a new location. Offerings made at a site of pilgrimage were an important source of revenue for the community who received them on behalf of the saint.

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saint). These relics, a firmly embedded part of veneration by this period, increased the availability of access to the divine but were not infinitely reproducible (an original relic was required), and still usually required believers to undertake pilgrimage or have contact with somebody who had.

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where he died. If a saint travelled often, then the bones of his feet may be prized. Catholic teaching prohibits relics to be divided up into small, unrecognizable parts if they are to be used in liturgy (i.e., as in an altar; see the rubrics listed in Rite of Dedication of a Church and an

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A stupa is a building created specifically for the relics. Many Buddhist temples have stupas and historically, the placement of relics in a stupa often became the initial structure around which the whole temple would be based. Today, many stupas also hold the cremated remains or

608:. Dom Bernardo Cignitti, O.S.B., wrote, "he remains of certain dead are surrounded with special care and veneration. This is because the mortal remains of the deceased are associated in some manner with the holiness of their souls which await reunion with their bodies in the 3608:"Sectis corum corporibus, integra et indivisa gratia perseverat" appearing in Sermon on the Martyrs (de Martyribus), ch. 8, in, The Cure of Pagan Maladies (Cure of the Pagan Diseases; Cure for Hellenic Maladies; Cure of Greek Maladies; Cure of Pagan Ills). , (ante A.D. 449) 967:

in 1170. After Becket's death, his successor and the Canterbury chapter quickly used his relics to promote the cult of the as-yet-uncanonized martyr. The motivations included the assertion of the Church's independence against rulers, a desire to have an English (indeed

792:. These miracle tales made relics much sought-after during the period. By the Late Middle Ages, the collecting of, and dealing in, relics had reached enormous proportions, and had spread from the church to royalty, and then to the nobility and merchant classes. 884:

By venerating relics through visitation, gifts, and providing services, medieval Christians believed that they would acquire the protection and intercession of the sanctified dead. Relics of local saints drew visitors to sites like Saint Frideswide's in

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Ivory was widely used in the Middle Ages for reliquaries, its pure white color an indication of the holy status of its contents. These objects constituted a major form of artistic production across Europe and Byzantium throughout the Middle Ages.

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in 354, but, partly perhaps because Constantinople lacked the many saintly graves of Rome, they soon became common in the Eastern Empire, though still prohibited in the West. The Eastern capital was therefore able to acquire the remains of Saints

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As with the relics of Theseus, the bones are sometimes described in literary sources as gigantic, an indication of the hero's "larger than life" status. On the basis of their reported size, it has been conjectured that such bones were those of

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enormous, and there was practically no possibility to distinguish the authentic from the falsification, since both of them had been in the temples for centuries and were objects for worship. In 1543, John Calvin wrote about fake relics in his

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is also the term for something that has survived the passage of time, especially an object or custom whose original culture has disappeared, but also an object cherished for historical or memorial value (such as a keepsake or heirloom).

972:) saint of European reputation, and the desire to promote Canterbury as a destination for pilgrimage. In the first years after Becket's death, donations at the shrine accounted for twenty-eight percent of the cathedral's total revenues. 927:

Relics were used to cure the sick, to seek intercession for relief from famine or plague, to take solemn oaths, and to pressure warring factions to make peace in the presence of the sacred. Courts held relics since Merovingian times. St

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erected great basilicas over the tombs of Saints Peter and Paul. A distinction of these sites was the presence of holy relics. Over the course of the Middle Ages, other religious structures acquired relics and became destinations for

1584:, where bones of numerous saints, authenticated by the church's hierarchs, were stored, and pieces of them were prayerfully separated with hammer and chisel to be sent to the dioceses that needed to place them into new antimensions. 992:

ordered that "the false names of martyrs and the uncertain memorials of saints should not be venerated." The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) of the Catholic Church condemned abuses such as counterfeit relics and exaggerated claims.

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one of the most impressive collections in Christendom. An active market developed and relics entered into commerce along the same trade routes followed by other portable commodities. Matthew Brown likens a ninth-century Italian

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began to be built over the site of the burial. Since it was considered beneficial to the soul to be buried close to the remains of saints, several large "funerary halls" were built over the sites of martyr's graves, including

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declared, "We do not worship, we do not adore, for fear that we should bow down to the creature rather than to the Creator, but we venerate the relics of the martyrs in order the better to adore Him whose martyrs they are."

3371:. Volume VIII: "History Of The Reformation, 1517–1648". Third Book. The Reformation in French Switzerland, or The Calvinistic Movement. / Chapter XV. Theological Controversies. / § 122. Against the Worship of Relics. 1543. 1175: 1141:

contained oil collected from lamps burning before the major sites of Christ's life, and some reliquaries had holes for oil to be poured in and out again. Many people call the cloth touched to the bones of saints

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830, are housed. Santiago de Compostela remains a significant pilgrimage site, with around 200,000 pilgrims, both secular and Christian, completing the numerous pilgrimage routes to the cathedral in 2012 alone.

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In the early Church the disturbance of the remains of martyrs and other saints was not practiced. They were allowed to remain in their often unidentified resting places such as in cemeteries and the

1011:, in which he described the state of affairs with relics in Catholic churches. Calvin says that the saints have two or three or more bodies with arms and legs, and even a few extra limbs and heads. 980:

In the absence of real ways of assessing authenticity, relic-collectors became prey to the unscrupulous, and some extremely high prices were paid. Forgeries proliferated from the very beginning.

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Islam throughout the classical and medieval periods, with "the ubiquity of relics and ritual practices associated with them" becoming a mainstay of "the devotional life of the Muslims ... the

1279: 844:, the first with its familiar meaning of "sacred" or "holy", and the second as "the mystic potency emanating from the person or thing that is sacred... In a practical way the second word 628:, said, "Saints' relics help people overcome the abstract and make a connection with the holy ... Saints do not perform miracles. Only God performs miracles, but saints are intercessors." 3195: 80:

is an object or article of religious significance from the past. It usually consists of the physical remains or personal effects of a saint or other person preserved for the purpose of

2095: 847:... describes the uncanny, mysterious power emanating from the supernatural and affecting the natural... These points of contact and yielding are the miracles we continually hear of." 751:

that homage or respect is not really paid to an inanimate object, but to the holy person, the veneration of a holy person is itself honour paid to God. The Council decreed that every

1444:, the remains of the departed faithful are referred to as "relics", and are treated with honour and respect. For this reason, the bodies of Orthodox Christians are traditionally not 3771: 1654: 1165:. However, the Catholic Church permitted the sale of third-class relics. Relics may not be placed upon the altar for public veneration, as that is reserved for the display of the 1158:

The sale or disposal by other means of "sacred relics" (meaning first and second class) without the permission of the Apostolic See is now strictly forbidden by canon 1190 of the

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strictly refers to pieces of clothing that were touched to the body or tombs of the apostles. It is a term that is used only for such; it is not a synonym for a third-class relic.

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travelled to the shrine when he had contracted a serious illness. Later, as bishop of Tours, Gregory wrote extensively about miracles attributed to the intercession of St Martin.

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has little resemblance to the English usage of "relic". In most cases, "artifact", "archaeological site", "monument", or just plain "archaeology" would be a better translation.

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any object that has been in contact with a first- or second-class relic. Most third-class relics are small pieces of cloth, though in the first millennium oil was popular; the

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for those on earth. A number of cures and miracles have been attributed to relics, not because of their own power, but because of the holiness of the saint they represent.

616:(d. 1274) pointed out that it was natural that people should treasure what is associated with the dead, much like the personal effects of a relative. In an interview with 1569:

in new churches often necessitates continuous division of relics. An account of this process can be found in a treatise of the pre-revolutionary Russian church historian

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is not the same as incorruption). Sometimes even when the flesh does decay the bones themselves will manifest signs of sanctity. They may be honey-coloured or give off a

1030:, or by the local Bishop where the saint lived. Without such authentication, relics are not to be used for public veneration. The Congregation for Saints, as part of the 4013:

Head, Thomas. "The Cult of the Saints and Their Relics", The On-line Reference Book for Medieval Studies (the ORB), College of Staten Island, City University of New York

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Head, Thomas. "The Cult of the Saints and Their Relics", The On-line Reference Book for Medieval Studies (the ORB), College of Staten Island, City University of New York

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The veneration of the relics of the saints is of great importance in Orthodoxy, and very often churches will display the relics of saints prominently. In a number of

1225: 1034:, holds the authority to verify relics in which documentation is lost or missing. The documents and reliquaries of authenticated relics are usually affixed with a 3742: 319:. The accidental exposure of the bones brought a disaster upon the town of Libretha, whence the people of Dion had transferred the relics to their own keeping. 1599:

Historian and philosopher of art Hans Belting observed that in medieval painting, images explained the relic and served as a testament to its authenticity. In

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The Buddha's relics are used to show people that enlightenment is possible, to remind them that the Buddha was a real person, and to also promote good virtue.

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searched for the bones of Orestes and brought them home, without which they had been told they could not expect victory in their war against the neighboring

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Believers would make pilgrimages to places believed to have been sanctified by the physical presence of Christ or prominent saints, such as the site of the

710:, the inhabitants of these cities were ready to fight for his body, which the people of Tours managed to secure by stealth. Tours became the chief point of 2249: 2074: 1592:

Many churches were built along pilgrimage routes. A number in Europe were either founded or rebuilt specifically to enshrine relics, (such as San Marco in

1558:(Eucharist) without it. Occasionally, in cases of fixed altars, the relics are built in the altar table itself and sealed with a special mixture called 1155:

of the urn with the ashes preserved after cremation. The second includes small fragments of the bodies, as well as objects used by saints and blesseds.

1102:'s right forearm is especially important because of his status as a ruler. A famous theologian's head may be his most important relic; the head of St. 3793: 1922:

can be found in churches around the globe. Most contain only a fragment of the arm that allegedly touched Christ's side wound after the Resurrection.

1580:. According to Romansky, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church operated a special office, located in the Church of Philip the Apostle in the 2987: 1819: 452:

and various sages are venerated. After the Buddha's death, his remains were divided into eight portions. Afterward, these relics were enshrined in

315:, his place of death and a major religious center. These too were regarded as having oracular power, which might be accessed through dreaming in a 1078:

In Catholic theology, sacred relics must not be worshipped, because only God is worshipped and adored. Instead, the veneration given to them was "

3450:"The High-Status Late Medieval Skull Shaped Relic in Turku Cathedral, Finland – a study of its origin with oxygen and strontium isotope analyses" 3254: 171:. Other venerable objects associated with the hero were more likely to be on display in sanctuaries, such as spears, shields, or other weaponry; 702:, and centered at a great church built just outside the walls of Tours. When Saint Martin died on November 8, 397, at a village halfway between 3140: 2862:: John Murray. p. 356 – via National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project, Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books. 2240:

has been recited next to these relics uninterruptedly since they were brought to the Topkapı Palace, but Muslims do not worship these relics.

3286: 3218: 3175: 1524: 1504:(canonization) of new saints. Sometimes, one of the signs of sanctification is the condition of the relics of the saint. Some saints will be 1027: 503: 1062:

Second-class relics of Venerable Maria Teresa Spinelli, Venerable Santo of St. Dominic and Venerable Giovanni of St. William (Ex Indumentis)

834:, Ernest Brehaut analyzed the Romano-Christian concepts that gave relics such a powerful draw. He distinguished Gregory's constant usage of 2700: 3763: 1201: 1774:

contains four important relics: the nappy and loin cloth of Jesus, the dress of Mary and the decapitation cloth of John the Baptist. The

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Kochuparampil, Jose (2007). "Theology of 'Rāzē: The Mysteries of the Church in the East Syriac Tradition". In Maniyattu, Pauly (ed.).

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with its contents, but the upheavals of the barbarian invasions relaxed the rules, as remains needed to be relocated to safer places.

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The bones were not regarded as holding a particular power derived from the hero, with some exceptions, such as the divine shoulder of

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already denounced impostors who wandered around disguised as monks, making a profit from the sale of spurious relics. In his

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and other marvels were attributed to relics beginning in the early centuries of the church. These became popular during the

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Smith, Judith M. H., "Portable Christianity: Relics in the Medieval West (c.700–1200)", Raleigh Lecture on History 2010

3545: 2608: 2302:("Commander of the Faithful"). Prior to this, the last time it had been removed had been when the city was struck by a 3348: 1975: 1066: 1015: 1000:

were one of the most highly sought-after of such relics; many churches claimed to possess a piece of it, so many that

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Fiore, Davide; Human variation of a relic (original title: Variazione Umana di una reliquia); StreetLib, Italy; 2017

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Most of the trusts can be seen in the museum, but the most important of them can only be seen during the month of

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says that the Athenians were likewise instructed by the oracle to locate and steal the relics of Theseus from the

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were supposed to have been stolen or removed from their original resting place and reburied. On the advice of the

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Rome became a major destination for Christian pilgrims as it was easier to access for European pilgrims than the

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Brown, Peter; Cult of the Saints: Its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity; University of Chicago Press; 1982

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Ekelund, Robert B.; Tollison, Robert D.; Anderson, Gary M.; Herbert, Robert F.; Davidson, Audrey B. (1996).

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should contain a relic, making it clear that this was already the norm, as it remains to the present day in

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and at the same time remains true to scriptural teaching (vis. 2 Kings 13:20–21) as understood by Orthodox

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The importance of relics in the Byzantine world can be seen from the veneration given to the pieces of the

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While various relics are preserved by different Muslim communities, the most important are those known as

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was a popular destination for English pilgrims, who traveled to witness the miracle-working relics of St

565:, written sometime from 150 to 160 AD. With regard to relics that are objects, an often cited passage is 4059: 2824: 2007: 1993: 1888: 1884: 1550:

upon him (i.e., granting him permission to celebrate the Sacred Mysteries). The antimens is kept on the

1323: 1185: 873: 860: 617: 561: 144: 65: 4035:—joint exhibition of the British Museum, Cleveland Museum of Art, and the Walters Art Museum, Baltimore 3953: 3696: 2853: 1862: 1812: 1046: 546:

One of the earliest sources that purports to show the efficacy of relics is found in 2 Kings 13:20–21:

3246: 2915: 1669: 1603:, Belting argued that the cult of relics helped to stimulate the rise of painting in medieval Europe. 1570: 2946: 2820: 2816: 2642:

4.14; Joseph Falaky Nagy, "Hierarchy, Heroes, and Heads: Indo-European Structures in Greek Myth", in

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Some relics believed to be original remains of the body of the Buddha still survive, including the

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in Greece, all of the relics the monastery possesses are displayed and venerated each evening at

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images, every superstition shall be removed and all filthy lucre abolished." There are also many

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churches. The veneration of the relics of the saints reflects a belief that the saints in heaven

729: 652: 589: 527: 519: 324: 180: 3410: 2697: 1997: 1559: 2059:, relics are less common than in other religions since the physical remains of most saints are 1520:. The absence of such manifestations is not necessarily a sign that the person is not a Saint. 1169:(host or prosphora and Eucharistic wine after consecration in the sacrament of the Eucharist). 1058: 3918: 3890: 3829: 3799: 3589: 3581: 3479: 3352: 3282: 3214: 3171: 3132: 3122: 3050: 3040: 3034: 2923: 2383: 2366: 2362: 2177: 2169: 1936: 1869: 1801: 1678: 1627:

they were enshrined in containers crafted of or covered with gold, silver, gems, and enamel.

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Due to the existence of counterfeit relics, the Church began to regulate the use of relics.

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The Book of Ser Marco Polo the Venetian, Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East

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and accompanied by a certificate of authentication, signed and sealed by someone in the

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reported that the bones of Orpheus were kept in a stone vase displayed on a pillar near

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to the new church, carried three times around the new structure and then placed in the

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The practice of venerating relics seems to have been taken for granted by writers like

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The relics of saints (traditionally, always those of a martyr) are also sewn into the

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of prominent Buddhists. In rare cases, the whole body is conserved, as in the case of

4043: 3497:"Instruction "Relics in the Church: Authenticity and Conservation" (8 December 2017)" 3364: 2409: 2260:) believed to have belonged to the prophet Mohammed is kept in the central mosque in 2173: 1805: 1767: 1760: 1501: 1382: 1373: 1358: 1335: 1232: 1205: 1127: 1035: 969: 960: 952: 784: 531: 507: 30:"Sacred Relics" redirects here. For the religious objects in the Topkapı Palace, see 3934:

Vauchez, Andre; Sainthood in the Later Middle Ages; Cambridge University Press; 1997

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might claim to possess, without necessarily displaying, the remains of a venerated

160: 89: 3368: 684: 345: 292:, the startling discovery of which may have prompted the sanctifying of the site. 41: 4017: 3973: 3728: 3304:(St. Augustine): "36...Some hawking about limbs of martyrs, if indeed of martyrs" 3210: 3731:. American Schools of Oriental Research. March 7, 1974 – via Google Books. 2716:

Mangan, Charles. "Church Teaching on Relics", Catholic Education Resource Center

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declaring that "Grace remains entire with every part." In the West, a decree of

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to visit monastic fairs of northern Europe much like a contemporary art dealer.

933: 779: 775: 696: 620:, Fr. Mario Conte, executive editor of the Messenger of St. Anthony magazine in 359: 281: 273: 54: 2681: 3958: 2849: 2017: 2013: 1979: 1790: 1698: 1686: 1663: 1551: 1547: 1536: 1532: 1468: 1437: 1409: 1390: 1342: 1327: 1299: 1252: 1079: 1019: 997: 948: 865: 644: 601: 476: 261: 253: 81: 3658: 3136: 2927: 2771: 3301: 3054: 2567: 2559: 2514: 2273: 2146: 2134: 2060: 2028: 1690: 1689:

of Jesus are claimed by many churches around the world. The same applies to

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Relics and Reliquaries Collection, University of Dayton Special Collections

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by living the mystical life of the Church, and especially by receiving the

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Palace. His other relics were discovered in a Bulgarian monastery in 2010.

651:; the folded papers on the left and right contain bone fragments of Saint 2340: 2261: 2181: 2142: 2115: 2107: 2103: 2078: 2070: 2056: 2003: 1983: 1930: 1566: 1490: 1460: 1331: 1118: 707: 445: 437: 433: 425: 242: 172: 85: 58: 3940:

Mayr, Markus (Hg); Von goldenen Gebeinen; Studienverlag, Innsbruck, 2001

2751:"Catholic News - Saints' Relics Help People Make Connection to the Holy" 84:

as a tangible memorial. Relics are an important aspect of some forms of

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Introduction by Earnest Brehaut (from his 1916 translation), pp. ix–xxv

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Mayr, Markus; Geld, Macht und Reliquien; Studienverlag, Innsbruck, 2000

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Holy Bones, Holy Dust: How Relics Shaped the History of Medieval Europe

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Introduction by Earnest Brehaut (from his 1916 translation), pp. ix–xxv

2336: 2285: 2277: 2233: 2223: 2111: 2100: 1887:'s reign yielded no bones, giving rise to the belief that his body was 1880: 1377: 1307: 816: 771: 593: 480: 468: 296: 269: 246: 226: 222: 211: 136: 3012: 17: 3462: 3449: 2859: 1944: 1851: 1738: 1726: 1616: 1593: 1528: 1485: 1260: 1213: 1122: 938: 886: 640: 574: 349: 304: 300: 234: 199: 188: 120: 4033:

Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe

3478:

A Comprehensive Collection of Information about the Catholic Church

1393:, and the division of bodies also began, the 5th century theologian 1357:, and pieces of the body or clothing of saints. Such relics (called 941:

named Deusdona, with access to the Roman catacombs, as crossing the

2027:) relics are exposed in the Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in 1090:

Until 2017, the Catholic Church divided relics into three classes:

2887: 2291: 2217: 2205: 2126: 2122: 2094: 1955: 1843: 1668: 1653: 1638: 1610: 1517: 1509: 1464: 1421: 1317: 1290: 1018:

required the authentication of relics if they were to be publicly

894: 890: 824: 806: 752: 703: 630: 625: 621: 555:

Also cited is the veneration of relics from the martyr and bishop

535: 493: 453: 429: 419: 238: 156: 130: 105: 93: 64: 40: 2778:. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 13 March 2014 2063:. The veneration of corporal relics may have originated with the 1546:

which is given to a priest by his bishop as a means of bestowing

1479:) of relics in the Orthodox Church is clearly distinguished from 3099:

Portable Christianity: Relics in the Medieval West (c. 700–1200)

2490:

The Theban Plays: Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone

2130: 2125:

became an incredibly important part of devotional piety in both

1416:. As a natural outgrowth of the concept in Orthodox theology of 942: 699: 164: 2141:." With the latter-day influence of the reformist movements of 667:. These places were always outside the walls of the city, but 573:'s handkerchiefs were imbued by God with healing power. In the 3889:. HarperCollins. First Perennial edition (2004), p. 38 and n. 3868:

Josef W. Meri, "Relics of Piety and Power in Medieval Islam",

3851:

Josef W. Meri, "Relics of Piety and Power in Medieval Islam",

3825:

When a Goddess Dies: Worshipping Ma Anandamayi after Her Death

2199: 1965: 1868:

St Matthew the Evangelist's relics are purported to be in the

1763:, Germany, by popes Zachary and Stephen II in the 8th century. 1117:

items that the saint owned or frequently used, for example, a

353: 256:

was also supposed to protect Athens from enemy attack, and in

3070:"The Business of Bones: Relic Trafficking in the Middle Ages" 3013:"The pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela in Pictures" 1915:

are contained in the Basilica of St Andrew in Patras, Greece.

3959:

Relics in the Church of St Charles Borromeo, Wrocław, Poland

3341:"Traite des reliques" Кальвина, его происхождение и значение 3205:(1 ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 169–192, 2988:"An Ancient Religious Pilgrimage That Now Draws The Secular" 1974:' relics are largely kept in a gilded chest and bust in the 1958:, with her body in Santa Maria sopra Minerva Church in Rome. 3847: 3845: 3764:"The Tomb of the Holy Great Martyr George from Lodd, Lydda" 3586:

Sensational Religion: Sensory Cultures in Material Practice

3036:

Sacred trust : the medieval church as an economic firm

2501:

Susan E. Alcock, "Tomb Cult and the Post-Classical Polis",

3743:"St John the Baptist's bones 'found in Bulgarian monastery 3665:

What are holy relics and how their division is carried out

1500:

The examination of the relics is an important step in the

1280:

Hong Kong Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception

3196:"Sacred commodities: the circulation of medieval relics" 3167:

Furta Sacra: Thefts of Relics in the Central Middle Ages

3039:. Robert B. Ekelund. New York: Oxford University Press. 2339:" but can be extended to anything, including object and 1875:

St John the Evangelist's tomb is purported to be in the

893:. Instead of having to travel to be near to a venerated 3660:Что такое святые мощи и как совершается их раздробление 1042:

Classifications and prohibitions in the Catholic Church

483:

may view his body through a glass window in the stupa.

1929:' relics are contained in the Church of the Jacobins, 1428:—indeed, all Orthodox Christians are considered to be 872:

in Spain, in which the supposed relics of the apostle

284:

at Macedon, were treated with the deepest veneration.

3194:

Geary, Patrick (1986-04-30), Appadurai, Arjun (ed.),

2646:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990), pp. 210–212. 2344: 2322: 1527:. The consecrating bishop will place the relics on a 2659:

Pausanias 9.30.4–5, as cited and discussed by Nagy,

2297: 2289: 2255: 2073:, and burial practices became more common after the 1106:

was removed by the monks at the Cistercian abbey at

1098:

life are more prized relics. For instance, King St.

736:, it is consumed by a couple getting married in the 585:

6:56, those who touched Jesus' garment were healed.

897:, relics of the saint could be venerated locally. 3964:World tour of the relics of St. Therese of Lisieux 3795:Fiestas y creencias en Canarias en la Edad Moderna 3379: 3377: 111:, meaning "remains", and a form of the Latin verb 3995:Medieval Sourcebook, Gregory of Tours (539–594), 3679:"Relics and Reliquaries in Medieval Christianity" 2790:Medieval Sourcebook, Gregory of Tours (539–594), 2471: 2469: 2467: 2077:. One prominent example is the preserved body of 3170:(Revised ed.). Princeton University Press. 1818:St Paul's relics are allegedly contained in the 2492:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009), p. xii. 1897:'s skull, or parts of it, are venerated at the 1412:of relics continues to be of importance in the 714:in Gaul, a place for the healing of the sick. 548: 3954:The First-class Relics of St. Maximilian Kolbe 3876:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 98 3859:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 97 3631:Tomov, Nikola; Dzhangozov, Januarius (Yanko). 2909: 2907: 2905: 2268:. According to local history, it was given to 2187:Muslims believe that these treasures include: 2081:in a separate shrine inside Srirangam Temple. 1554:(altar), and it is forbidden to celebrate the 551:Elisha, he revived, and stood up on his feet. 27:Object of religious significance from the past 2786: 2784: 2335:), a common Chinese word that usually means " 2328: 2321:"Cultural relic" is a common translation for 1996:'s skull is contained in a reliquary bust in 1539:(altar) as part of the consecration service. 336:and its scriptures offer no support of this. 8: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2650:also depict the head of Orpheus prophesying. 2591:587–588, as cited by Fainlight and Littman, 1861:St Mark the Evangelist's relics are held at 1811:St Peter's Basilica in the Vatican contains 1455:, particularly those on the semi-autonomous 2809:"Gregory of Tours, Glory of the Martyrs 49" 2766: 2764: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2250:Mosque of the Cloak of the Prophet Mohammed 2023:Nun Maria Droste zu Vischering's (known as 1778:in the same church contains the remains of 1709:. Famous examples are the Holy Nail in the 1615:Reliquaries in the Church of San Pedro, in 388:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 303:, where it was enshrined and visited as an 3028: 3026: 2475:Gunnel Ekroth, "Heroes and Hero-Cult", in 2288:, took it out, displayed it to a crowd of 1954:'s head is stored in San Domenico church, 1883:in Turkey. The opening of his tomb during 123:that houses one or more religious relics. 3914:Relics: What They Are and Why They Matter 3461: 3327:Mémoire sur les instruments de la Passion 2890:: Ephrem's Publications. p. 264, 267 2521:1.46, as cited by Fainlight and Littman, 1982:, Netherlands. Some of his relics are in 408:Learn how and when to remove this message 299:was supposed to have been transported to 3621:; p. 73; Burns & Oates, London, 1962 3091: 3089: 2172:, more than 600 pieces treasured in the 1065: 1057: 1045: 3828:. Oxford University Press. p. 71. 3657:Romansky, Nikolay (Николай Романский), 3391:. Congregation for the Causes of Saints 3189: 3187: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2441: 1820:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Wall 1782:, who was locally venerated as a saint. 1171: 53:(St. Yves or St. Ives) (1253–1303), in 2488:Ruth Fainlight and Robert J. Littman, 2296:(religious scholars) and was declared 1717:, the Holy Lance that was part of the 647:: the bone fragment in middle is from 4023:Butterfield, Andrew. "What Remains", 3546:"Catholic Relics: Third Class Relics" 2876:East Syriac Theology: An Introduction 1838:the Evangelist's body is held at the 1748:is kept in a purpose-built chapel in 1719:Crown Jewels of the Holy Roman Empire 504:Pope St. John XXIII National Seminary 332:were venerated, but the tradition of 183:; and clothing. The sanctuary of the 7: 3119:10.5871/bacad/9780197265277.003.0006 3113:(published 2012). pp. 143–167. 1658:Detail of the Girdle of Mary in the 1565:The necessity of provide relics for 1424:are considered to be transformed by 386:adding citations to reliable sources 3792:González, Manuel Hernández (2007). 3640:Acta Morphologica et Anthropologica 1830:Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela 1828:' relics are reputedly held at the 1401:only allowed the moving of a whole 1278:, declared a saint in 2014, in the 747:in 787 drew on the teaching of St. 115:, to "leave behind, or abandon". A 3107:Proceedings of the British Academy 2914:Butterfield, Andrew (2011-07-28). 1785:The Girdle of Mary is kept in the 1368:The earliest recorded removal, or 778:. They were collected in books of 25: 3683:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History 3369:"History of the Christian Church" 2973:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History 2376:The Translation of Father Torturo 2006:'s remains were enshrined in the 1052:Servant of God Alfredo F. Verzosa 830:In his introduction to Gregory's 728:–a mixture made with the dust of 679:Some early Christians attributed 2813:Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity 2121:The veneration of the relics of 1523:Relics play a major role in the 1267: 1244: 1224: 1193: 1174: 732:'s tomb–for healing. Within the 579:Jesus healing the bleeding woman 461:relic of the tooth of the Buddha 358: 4001:(on the 6th century meaning of 3774:from the original on 2021-08-16 3257:from the original on 2022-02-05 3146:from the original on 2022-02-23 2969:"Pilgrimage in Medieval Europe" 2503:American Journal of Archaeology 2479:(Blackwell, 2010), pp. 110–111. 1939:'s relics are enshrined in the 1372:of saintly remains was that of 3711:"Relics of St Paul discovered" 2898:– via Malankara Library. 2164:Sacred Relics (Topkapı Palace) 2069:movement or the appearance of 889:, and San Nicola Peregrino in 456:wherever Buddhism was spread. 191:claimed to display the egg of 179:; furniture such as chairs or 32:Sacred Relics (Topkapı Palace) 1: 3969:Keeping Relics in Perspective 3741:Squires, Nick (August 2010). 3685:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 3588:. Yale UP. pp. 205–214. 2975:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2477:A Companion to Greek Religion 2415:Relics associated with Buddha 1804:contains the remnants of the 1420:, the physical bodies of the 1022:. They had to be sealed in a 877: 307:. The 2nd-century geographer 295:The head of the poet-prophet 70:Shrine of Saint Lachtin's Arm 3729:"The Biblical Archaeologist" 3584:. In Sally M. Promey (ed.). 3211:10.1017/cbo9780511819582.008 2648:Ancient Greek vase paintings 2420:Relics associated with Jesus 1901:in France, at the Church of 1854:; and a rib, at his tomb in 1463:. As with the veneration of 1208:, containing the remains of 1188:, Rome, a second-class relic 802:relics associated with Jesus 100:, and many other religions. 3917:. Charlotte NC: TAN Books. 3911:Cruz, Joan Carroll (2015). 3887:The Sewing Circles of Herat 3567:"Venerating Relics at Mass" 3096:Smith, Julia M. H. (2010). 2345: 2323: 2298: 2290: 2256: 2244:Sacred Cloak of the Prophet 1976:Basilica of Saint Servatius 734:Assyrian Church of the East 635:A relic from the shrine of 328:, the bones of the Persian 4076: 3582:"Conversations in Museums" 3523:. Holy See. Archived from 3164:Geary, Patrick J. (2011). 2618:, English translations at 2247: 2161: 2088: 1846:, Italy; his head, in the 1707:Instruments of the Passion 674:Old Saint Peter's Basilica 569:19:11–12, which says that 343: 252:The body of the legendary 29: 3715:Independent Catholic News 3476:The Catholic Source Book 3347:, №01 (1942) / Ежегодник 3281:. Yale University Press. 3275:Freeman, Charles (2011). 3203:The Social Life of Things 2829:European Research Council 2776:The Catholic Encyclopedia 2425:Shrine of the Three Kings 2329: 2228:Forearm and hand of Yahya 2099:Footprint of the Islamic 1941:Basilica of Saint Francis 1798:Shrine of the Three Kings 1675:Shrine of the Three Kings 1516:. Some relics will exude 1355:girdle worn by the Virgin 1074:(Reliqua Tertiae classis) 1050:First-class relic of the 210:function, as the tomb of 3885:Lamb, Christina (2002). 3448:Lahtinen, Maria (2022). 3068:Manns, D. (2015-04-13). 2644:Approaches to Greek Myth 2365:, Dedalus Ltd, UK 1994. 2110:(funerary mausoleum) in 2040:Church of the Conception 2025:Mary of the Divine Heart 1918:Reliquary arms of Saint 1525:consecration of a church 1218:Diocletianic Persecution 1072:Saint Therese of Lisieux 957:Archbishop of Canterbury 790:Caesarius of Heisterbach 745:Second Council of Nicaea 637:Saint Boniface of Dokkum 557:Saint Polycarp of Smyrna 272:. The bones or ashes of 3580:Clifton, James (2014). 3302:"Of the Works of Monks" 3111:Oxford University Press 2953:, Archdiocese of Boston 2284:, leader of the Afghan 1937:Saint Francis of Assisi 1903:San Silvestre in Capite 1840:Abbey of Santa Giustina 1757:Sandals of Jesus Christ 1414:Eastern Orthodox Church 1202:St. Raphael's Cathedral 1028:Congregation for Saints 961:assassinated by knights 3411:"AmericanCatholic.Org" 3345:Сборник «Средние века» 2703:July 17, 2012, at the 2544:Loeb Classical Library 2195:'s beard and footprint 2153:Relics of the prophets 2118: 2044:Santa Cruz de Tenerife 1746:Seamless robe of Jesus 1711:Iron Crown of Lombardy 1681: 1666: 1651: 1645:Seamless robe of Jesus 1635:List of claimed relics 1620: 1345:. Many great works of 1338: 1315: 1131:("from the clothing"). 1075: 1063: 1055: 870:Santiago de Compostela 827: 722:Nestorian Christianity 660: 553: 538: 441: 266:Demetrius I of Macedon 260:, that of the prophet 148: 127:In classical antiquity 73: 62: 36:Relic (disambiguation) 34:. For other uses, see 3997:History of the Franks 3438:, i, P.L., XXII, 907. 2825:University of Reading 2792:History of the Franks 2587:8.134 and Aeschylus, 2540:Bill Thayer's edition 2450:"Definition of relic" 2382:, Prime Books, 2005. 2178:Topkapı Palace Museum 2098: 2008:Abbey of Saint-Hubert 1885:Constantine the Great 1672: 1657: 1642: 1614: 1601:Likeness and Presence 1324:Sabbas the Sanctified 1321: 1294: 1276:Pope St. John Paul II 1186:San Pietro in Vincoli 1070:Third-class relic of 1069: 1061: 1049: 874:James, son of Zebedee 861:Constantine the Great 851:Relics and pilgrimage 832:History of the Franks 810: 687:of saints, including 634: 618:Catholic News Service 562:Martyrdom of Polycarp 497: 423: 290:prehistoric creatures 143:in honor of Oedipus ( 134: 72:, 12th century, Irish 68: 44: 3454:Internet Archaeology 2986:Beardsley, Eleanor. 2821:University of Warsaw 2817:University of Oxford 2672:Dindorf, p. 67. 2589:Seven Against Thebes 1877:Basilica of St. John 1870:Cathedral of Salerno 1787:Basilica of Our Lady 1731:Holy Thorn Reliquary 1660:Basilica of Our Lady 1235:in the cathedral of 1115:Second-class relics: 712:Christian pilgrimage 695:was very popular in 657:Bernard of Clairvaux 382:improve this section 317:ritual of incubation 214:was said to protect 3619:Early Christian Art 3521:"Code of Canon Law" 3315:Traité Des Reliques 2770:Thurston, Herbert. 2430:Translation (relic) 2106:, preserved in the 1905:in Rome and at the 1889:assumed into heaven 1848:St. Vitus Cathedral 1440:). In the Orthodox 1135:Third-class relics: 1095:First-class relics: 986:Admonitio Generalis 821:St. Joseph's Church 738:Mystery of Crowning 436:, Pakistan, now in 424:Buddha relics from 49:and skull of Saint 3979:2009-05-13 at the 3974:A Place for Relics 3874:Relics and Remains 3857:Relics and Remains 3798:. Ediciones IDEA. 3017:Camino de Santiago 2947:"Relics of Saints" 2640:Life of Apollonius 2505:95 (1991), p. 447. 2119: 2091:Relics of Muhammad 2016:'s remains are in 1964:'s arm is kept in 1952:Catherine of Siena 1920:Thomas the Apostle 1913:St Andrew's relics 1863:St Mark's Basilica 1682: 1667: 1652: 1621: 1339: 1316: 1182:St. Peter's chains 1100:Stephen of Hungary 1076: 1064: 1056: 1008:Treatise on Relics 828: 730:Thomas the Apostle 661: 653:Benedict of Nursia 539: 442: 325:Chronicon Paschale 149: 145:Apulian red-figure 74: 63: 3617:Eduard Syndicus; 3415:American Catholic 3288:978-0-300-16659-0 3220:978-0-521-32351-2 3177:978-1-4008-2020-7 3109:. Vol. 181. 2755:American Catholic 2170:The Sacred Trusts 2034:The shin of Pope 1802:Cologne Cathedral 1679:Cologne Cathedral 1334:Monastery in the 1287:Eastern Orthodoxy 1167:Blessed Sacrament 1162:Code of Canon Law 665:catacombs of Rome 606:Gregory Nazianzen 581:and again in the 510:, with relics of 418: 417: 410: 322:According to the 104:derives from the 16:(Redirected from 4067: 3928: 3898: 3883: 3877: 3870:Past and Present 3866: 3860: 3853:Past and Present 3849: 3840: 3839: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3779: 3760: 3754: 3746: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3693: 3687: 3686: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3654: 3648: 3647: 3637: 3628: 3622: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3553: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3532: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3507: 3493: 3487: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3463:10.11141/ia.59.8 3445: 3439: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3381: 3372: 3362: 3356: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3263: 3262: 3245:Brown, Matthew. 3242: 3236: 3234: 3233: 3232: 3223:, archived from 3200: 3191: 3182: 3181: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3151: 3145: 3104: 3093: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3080: 3065: 3059: 3058: 3030: 3021: 3020: 3009: 3003: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2983: 2977: 2976: 2965: 2954: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2935: 2934: 2920:The New Republic 2911: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2881: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2804: 2798: 2788: 2779: 2768: 2759: 2758: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2735:. Archived from 2729: 2718: 2713: 2707: 2695: 2684: 2682:2 Kings 13:20–21 2679: 2673: 2670: 2664: 2657: 2651: 2629: 2623: 2602: 2596: 2593:The Theban Plays 2581: 2575: 2557: 2551: 2532: 2526: 2523:The Theban Plays 2512: 2506: 2499: 2493: 2486: 2480: 2473: 2462: 2461: 2456:. Archived from 2446: 2405:Hazratbal Shrine 2348: 2334: 2333: 2326: 2304:cholera epidemic 2301: 2299:Amir-ul Momineen 2295: 2259: 2193:Prophet Muhammad 2075:Muslim invasions 2014:Saint Willibrord 1899:Amiens Cathedral 1895:John the Baptist 1772:Aachen Cathedral 1759:were donated to 1579: 1571:Nikolay Romansky 1533:cross procession 1495:Sacred Tradition 1434:Sacred Mysteries 1347:Byzantine enamel 1322:Relics of Saint 1271: 1257:Decani Monastery 1248: 1228: 1197: 1178: 879: 797:Council of Trent 788:or the works of 718:Gregory of Tours 689:Gregory of Tours 685:dust from graves 598:Gregory of Nyssa 571:Paul the Apostle 559:recorded in the 448:, relics of the 440:, Myanmar (2005) 413: 406: 402: 399: 393: 362: 354: 270:Phocion the Good 51:Ivo of Kermartin 21: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4040: 4039: 4027:, July 28, 2011 3981:Wayback Machine 3950: 3925: 3910: 3907: 3905:Further reading 3902: 3901: 3884: 3880: 3867: 3863: 3850: 3843: 3836: 3820:Aymard, Orianne 3818: 3817: 3813: 3806: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3777: 3775: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3717:. 28 June 2009. 3709: 3708: 3704: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3646:(1–2): 122–125. 3635: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3603: 3596: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3551: 3549: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3530: 3528: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3505: 3503: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3475: 3471: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3433: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3394: 3392: 3389:Vatican Website 3383: 3382: 3375: 3363: 3359: 3336: 3332: 3324: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3300: 3296: 3289: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3260: 3258: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3230: 3228: 3221: 3198: 3193: 3192: 3185: 3178: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3149: 3147: 3143: 3129: 3102: 3095: 3094: 3087: 3078: 3076: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3047: 3032: 3031: 3024: 3011: 3010: 3006: 2996: 2994: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2967: 2966: 2957: 2951:Boston Catholic 2945: 2941: 2932: 2930: 2913: 2912: 2903: 2893: 2891: 2879: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2858:. Vol. 2. 2848: 2847: 2843: 2833: 2831: 2807:Tycner, Marta. 2806: 2805: 2801: 2789: 2782: 2769: 2762: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2731: 2730: 2721: 2714: 2710: 2705:Wayback Machine 2696: 2687: 2680: 2676: 2671: 2667: 2658: 2654: 2630: 2626: 2603: 2599: 2582: 2578: 2558: 2554: 2546:translation at 2533: 2529: 2513: 2509: 2500: 2496: 2487: 2483: 2474: 2465: 2460:on May 6, 2021. 2448: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2400:Catacomb saints 2396: 2380:Brendan Connell 2355: 2312: 2310:Cultural relics 2252: 2246: 2166: 2160: 2155: 2093: 2087: 2053: 2038:is kept in the 2036:Saint Clement I 1998:Liège Cathedral 1986:, Belgium, and 1972:Saint Servatius 1907:Munich Residenz 1750:Trier Cathedral 1715:Monza Cathedral 1649:Trier Cathedral 1637: 1609: 1590: 1573: 1304:Sioni Cathedral 1296:Grapevine cross 1289: 1282: 1272: 1263: 1249: 1240: 1229: 1220: 1210:Saint Cessianus 1198: 1189: 1184:, preserved in 1179: 1044: 978: 914: 912:Economic effect 853: 693:Martin of Tours 544: 492: 473:Dudjom Rinpoche 414: 403: 397: 394: 379: 363: 352: 344:Main articles: 342: 167:as a part of a 141:Greek hero cult 129: 76:In religion, a 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4073: 4071: 4063: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4042: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4029: 4020: 4015: 4010: 3988: 3983: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3949: 3948:External links 3946: 3945: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3923: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3899: 3878: 3861: 3841: 3835:978-0199368631 3834: 3811: 3804: 3784: 3770:. 2010-04-21. 3755: 3734: 3720: 3702: 3688: 3670: 3649: 3623: 3610: 3601: 3594: 3572: 3558: 3537: 3512: 3501:www.vatican.va 3488: 3469: 3440: 3427: 3402: 3373: 3357: 3338:Radtsig, N. I. 3330: 3318: 3306: 3294: 3287: 3267: 3251:www.artnet.com 3247:"Dust to Dust" 3237: 3219: 3183: 3176: 3156: 3127: 3085: 3060: 3045: 3022: 3004: 2978: 2955: 2939: 2916:"What Remains" 2901: 2865: 2841: 2799: 2780: 2760: 2742: 2739:on 2016-03-01. 2719: 2708: 2685: 2674: 2665: 2652: 2624: 2597: 2576: 2552: 2527: 2507: 2494: 2481: 2463: 2440: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2373: 2363:Eça de Queiroz 2354: 2351: 2311: 2308: 2306:in the 1930s. 2276:, the Emir of 2248:Main article: 2245: 2242: 2230: 2229: 2226: 2220: 2214: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2162:Main article: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2086: 2083: 2079:Swami Ramanuja 2052: 2049: 2048: 2047: 2032: 2021: 2011: 2001: 1991: 1969: 1959: 1948: 1934: 1927:Thomas Aquinas 1923: 1916: 1910: 1892: 1873: 1866: 1859: 1856:Thebes, Greece 1833: 1823: 1816: 1809: 1794: 1793:, Netherlands. 1783: 1764: 1753: 1742: 1735:British Museum 1723:Hofburg Palace 1685:Relics of the 1636: 1633: 1608: 1605: 1589: 1586: 1582:Moscow Kremlin 1556:Divine Liturgy 1359:contact relics 1288: 1285: 1284: 1283: 1273: 1266: 1264: 1250: 1243: 1241: 1230: 1223: 1221: 1200:Main Altar of 1199: 1192: 1190: 1180: 1173: 1152: 1151: 1139:Monza ampullae 1132: 1112: 1104:Thomas Aquinas 1043: 1040: 996:Pieces of the 977: 974: 970:Norman English 955:, the sainted 913: 910: 902:Holy Sepulchre 852: 849: 813:Francis Xavier 770:Many tales of 749:John Damascene 691:. 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Retrieved 2812: 2802: 2791: 2775: 2754: 2745: 2737:the original 2711: 2677: 2668: 2660: 2655: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2632:Philostratus 2627: 2620:LacusCurtius 2612: 2605: 2600: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2579: 2571: 2563: 2555: 2548:LacusCurtius 2535: 2530: 2522: 2518: 2510: 2502: 2497: 2489: 2484: 2476: 2458:the original 2453: 2444: 2375: 2358: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2253: 2231: 2186: 2167: 2139:North Africa 2120: 2064: 2054: 2020:, Luxemburg. 2004:Saint Hubert 1962:Saint George 1776:Karlsschrein 1695:Holy Sponges 1629: 1622: 1600: 1598: 1591: 1567:antimensions 1564: 1541: 1522: 1499: 1484: 1476: 1450: 1426:divine grace 1407: 1367: 1363: 1351:staurothekes 1350: 1340: 1302:of Georgia ( 1237:Thessalonika 1161: 1157: 1153: 1147: 1143: 1134: 1126: 1114: 1094: 1089: 1084:Saint Jerome 1077: 1054:(Ex Ossibus) 1013: 1006: 995: 985: 979: 976:Counterfeits 947: 926: 919: 915: 899: 883: 854: 845: 839: 835: 831: 829: 794: 783: 782:such as the 769: 742: 725: 716: 678: 662: 610:resurrection 587: 577:accounts of 560: 554: 549: 545: 490:Christianity 485: 465: 458: 443: 404: 395: 380:Please help 368: 323: 321: 294: 286: 251: 220: 197: 150: 139:depicting a 112: 108: 101: 90:Christianity 77: 75: 3999:, Books I–X 3697:"Reliquary" 3436:Ad Riparium 3325:de Fleury, 2850:Yule, Henry 2583:Herodotus, 2566:1032–1034; 2564:Heracleides 2282:Mullah Omar 2266:Afghanistan 2158:In Istanbul 2031:, Portugal. 1988:Quedlinburg 1780:Charlemagne 1703:Holy Thorns 1699:Holy Lances 1624:Reliquaries 1607:Reliquaries 1574: [ 1544:antimension 1514:sweet aroma 1457:Mount Athos 1453:monasteries 1403:sarcophagus 1395:Theodoretus 1370:translation 1216:during the 1032:Roman Curia 1002:John Calvin 990:Charlemagne 934:Charlemagne 780:hagiography 776:Middle Ages 697:Merovingian 532:St. Stephen 516:St. Matthew 282:Perdiccas I 274:Aesculapius 185:Leucippides 177:figureheads 175:, ships or 4044:Categories 3872:103.5, in 3855:103.5, in 3778:2022-04-18 3552:2019-11-07 3531:2013-03-04 3506:2022-05-07 3395:23 October 3261:2022-04-18 3231:2022-04-18 3150:2022-04-18 3079:2022-04-18 2933:2022-04-18 2604:Plutarch, 2534:Plutarch, 2436:References 2353:In fiction 2270:Ahmad Shah 2210:Turban of 2191:Hair from 2089:See also: 2018:Echternach 2010:, Belgium. 2000:, Belgium. 1990:, Germany. 1980:Maastricht 1865:in Venice. 1822:, in Rome. 1791:Maastricht 1761:Prüm Abbey 1729:, and the 1705:and other 1691:Holy Nails 1687:True Cross 1664:Maastricht 1560:wax-mastic 1552:Holy Table 1537:Holy Table 1483:(λατρεια, 1475:; δουλια, 1469:veneration 1438:Sacraments 1430:sanctified 1410:veneration 1399:Theodosius 1343:True Cross 1328:Catholicon 1300:Saint Nino 1253:True Cross 1231:Relics of 1148:ex brandea 1144:ex brandea 998:True Cross 949:Canterbury 866:pilgrimage 669:martyriums 645:Warfhuizen 604:, and St. 602:Chrysostom 534:and other 528:St. Thomas 520:St. Philip 477:Boudhanath 398:March 2014 262:Amphiaraus 254:Eurystheus 113:relinquere 82:veneration 4055:Sainthood 3137:0068-1202 2928:0028-6583 2894:5 October 2834:5 October 2606:Demetrius 2595:, p. xii. 2585:Histories 2572:Eumenides 2568:Aeschylus 2560:Euripides 2525:, p. xii. 2519:Histories 2515:Herodotus 2359:The Relic 2274:Mured Beg 2254:A cloak ( 2216:Staff of 2204:Sword of 2198:Sword of 2147:Wahhabism 2135:Near East 2029:Ermesinde 1933:, France. 1548:faculties 1506:incorrupt 1481:adoration 1274:Relic of 1108:Fossanova 1024:reliquary 1020:venerated 1016:Canon Law 982:Augustine 930:Angilbert 906:Jerusalem 857:Holy Land 765:intercede 590:Augustine 524:St. Simon 512:St. James 500:reliquary 479:, Nepal. 369:does not 330:Zoroaster 309:Pausanias 280:, and of 278:Epidaurus 247:Dolopians 169:hero cult 161:sanctuary 117:reliquary 109:reliquiae 98:shamanism 47:reliquary 3977:Archived 3822:(2014). 3772:Archived 3434:Jerome, 3313:Calvin, 3255:Archived 3141:Archived 3055:34943197 2997:20 April 2852:(1903). 2772:"Relics" 2733:"Relics" 2701:Archived 2663:pp. 212. 2661:op. cit. 2638:5.3 and 2636:Heroicus 2394:See also 2341:monument 2262:Kandahar 2182:Istanbul 2143:Salafism 2116:Istanbul 2104:Muhammad 2071:Buddhism 2061:cremated 2057:Hinduism 2051:Hinduism 2046:, Spain. 1984:Tongeren 1947:, Italy. 1931:Toulouse 1872:, Italy. 1832:, Spain. 1826:St James 1491:idolatry 1461:Compline 1446:embalmed 1332:Mar Saba 1239:, Greece 1214:martyred 1212:, a boy 1119:crucifix 1036:wax seal 988:of 789, 959:who was 772:miracles 761:Orthodox 757:Catholic 708:Poitiers 481:Pilgrims 446:Buddhism 438:Mandalay 434:Peshawar 426:Kanishka 340:Buddhism 243:Plutarch 235:Spartans 208:tutelary 202:held at 173:chariots 86:Buddhism 61:, France 59:Brittany 55:Tréguier 4003:sanctus 2992:NPR.org 2613:Phocion 2542:of the 2536:Theseus 2337:antique 2286:Taliban 2278:Bokhara 2234:Ramadan 2224:Abraham 2222:Pot of 2176:of the 2101:prophet 2066:śramaṇa 1881:Ephesus 1836:St Luke 1815:relics. 1733:in the 1721:in the 1619:, Spain 1418:theosis 1383:Timothy 1378:Antioch 1326:in the 1312:Georgia 1308:Tbilisi 1146:". 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