561:
538:
31:
805:). A target plasma concentration is entered as ng/mL into the pump, which calculates its infusion rate according to patient factors like age and weight. Induction levels of 40 ng/mL are commonly used, but it generally varies between 3–8 ng/mL. For certain surgical procedures that produce particularly strong stimuli a level of up to 15 ng/mL might be needed. The relatively short
7110:
40:
858:
Due to its quick metabolism and short effects, remifentanil has opened up new possibilities in anesthesia. When remifentanil is used together with a hypnotic (i.e. one that produces sleep) it can be used in relative high doses. This is because remifentanil is rapidly eliminated from the blood plasma
789:
in doses ranging from 0.1 microgram per kilogram per minute to 0.5 (μg/kg)/min. Children may require higher infusion rates (up to 1.0 (μg/kg)/min). The clinically useful infusion rates are 0.025–0.1 (μg/kg)/min for sedation (rates adjusted to age of patient, severity of their illness and invasiveness
992:
Prior to the development of remifentanil, most short-acting hypnotics and amnestics faced issues with prolonged use, where accumulation would result in unfavorable lingering effects during post-operative recovery. Remifentanil was designed to serve as a strong anesthetic with an ultra-short and
1974:
984:; it can cause euphoria and has the potential for abuse. However, due to its rapid metabolism and short-acting half-life the likelihood of abuse is quite low. Nevertheless, there have been some documentations of remifentanil abuse.
1219:
Knapik M, Knapik P, Nadziakiewicz P, Misiołek H, Saucha W, Walaszczyk M, Dyaczyńska-Herman A (August 2006). "Comparison of remifentanil or fentanyl administration during isoflurane anesthesia for coronary artery bypass surgery".
1020:. It can only be used legally by health professionals and for university research purposes. The substance can be given by pharmacists under a prescription. Anyone who supplies the substance without prescription can be fined
910:
The most common side effects reported by patients receiving this medication are a sense of extreme "dizziness" (often short lived, a common side effect of other fast-acting synthetic phenylpiperidine narcotics such as
816:
Remifentanil's short context-sensitive half-life makes it ideal for intense pain of short duration. As such, it has been used for analgesia in labor successfully; however, it is not as effective as epidural analgesia.
1611:
Hoke JF, Cunningham F, James MK, Muir KT, Hoffman WE (April 1997). "Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil, its principle metabolite (GR90291) and alfentanil in dogs".
173:
859:
on termination of the remifentanil infusion; hence the effects of the drug quickly dissipate even after very long infusions. Owing to synergism between remifentanil and hypnotic drugs (such as
1172:"Intraoperative wake-up test and postoperative emergence in patients undergoing spinal surgery: a comparison of intravenous and inhaled anesthetic techniques using short-acting anesthetics"
1480:"A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and respiratory effects of patient-controlled intravenous remifentanil analgesia and patient-controlled epidural analgesia in laboring women"
923:), often around the face. These side effects are often controlled by either altering the administered dose (decreasing or in some cases, increasing the dose) or by administering other
1813:
Panlilio LV, Schindler CW (May 2000). "Self-administration of remifentanil, an ultra-short acting opioid, under continuous and progressive-ratio schedules of reinforcement in rats".
128:
3937:
937:
Nausea can occur as a side effect of remifentanil, however, it is usually transient in nature due to the drug's short half-life which rapidly removes it from the patient's
813:
level to be achieved quickly, and also for the same reason, recovery occurs quickly. This allows remifentanil to be used in unique circumstances such as cesarean section.
790:
of surgical procedure). Small amounts of other sedative medications are usually co-administered with remifentanil to produce sedation. Clinically useful infusion rates in
1249:"Influence of intraoperative opioid on postoperative pain and pulmonary function after laparoscopic gastric banding: remifentanil TCI vs sufentanil TCI in morbid obesity"
209:
1084:
863:) the dose of the hypnotic can be substantially reduced. This leads often to more hemodynamic stability during surgery and a quicker post-operative recovery time.
1079:[Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese).
1051:
Remifentanil is a
Schedule II narcotic controlled substance in the United States with a DEA ACSCN of 9739 and a 2013 annual aggregate manufacturing quota of 3,750
222:
2051:
186:
70:
630:
654:
1856:
Baylon GJ, Kaplan HL, Somer G, Busto UE, Sellers EM (December 2000). "Comparative abuse liability of intravenously administered remifentanil and fentanyl".
738:. The use of remifentanil has made possible the use of high-dose opioid and low-dose hypnotic anesthesia, due to synergism between remifentanil and various
3930:
1775:
1036:
775,000) fine and life imprisonment. Possession of the substance for consumption without license from the
Department of Health is illegal with a
1529:"Sevoflurane/remifentanil versus propofol/remifentanil for electroconvulsive therapy: comparison of seizure duration and haemodynamic responses"
840:, one that is rapidly metabolized to an inactive form. Unlike other synthetic opioids which are hepatically metabolized, remifentanil has an
3881:
2433:
7165:
2489:
1686:"Remifentanil versus morphine analgesia and sedation for mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: a randomized double blind study"
1429:"Induction opioids for caesarean section under general anaesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"
4521:
3923:
3497:
3058:
3026:
198:
1932:
Feldman PL, Chorghade MS (July 2006). Chorghade MS (ed.). "Discovery and development of the ultrashort-acting analgesic remifentanil".
7145:
1072:
1735:"A prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study comparing remifentanil with fentanyl in mechanically ventilated patients"
2044:
1953:
1581:
674:
6285:
6280:
303:
158:
949:
Comparing its analgesia-sedation effect in ventilated patients, remifentanil may be superior to morphine but not to fentanyl.
6205:
6692:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5158:
4076:
4071:
4066:
1080:
1076:
7100:
7130:
6413:
5403:
4556:
3353:
2996:
2037:
798:
682:
InChI=1S/C20H28N2O5/c1-4-17(23)22(16-8-6-5-7-9-16)20(19(25)27-3)11-14-21(15-12-20)13-10-18(24)26-2/h5-9H,4,10-15H2,1-3H3
429:
5539:
7150:
3898:
2450:
1325:"Comparison of remifentanil and fentanyl in patients undergoing craniotomy for supratentorial space-occupying lesions"
849:
806:
517:
5273:
855:
Remifentanil is metabolized to a compound (remifentanil acid) which has 1/4600th the potency of the parent compound.
6684:
6383:
6378:
5770:
5113:
4201:
3016:
876:
837:
802:
6403:
5393:
5118:
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825:
234:
6864:
4967:
6897:
6315:
6165:
5775:
5413:
4456:
3731:
3692:
2482:
1366:"Effect of remifentanil infusion rate on stress response to the pre-bypass phase of paediatric cardiac surgery"
6373:
6368:
5534:
4779:
4774:
378:
6679:
5584:
5293:
1077:"RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial"
6953:
4992:
3886:
3602:
3006:
2662:
2438:
2073:
2018:
114:
1972:, Gatlin LA, Heiman SA, Lewis JS, "Stable formulations of remifentanil", issued 2 February 1999
556:
7175:
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5780:
4794:
4769:
4668:
3986:
3650:
2739:
2606:
880:
766:
262:
5664:
1893:"Intranasal self-administration of remifentanil as the foray into opioid abuse by an anesthesia resident"
5935:
4231:
3409:
3103:
3021:
3011:
2723:
2666:
934:(Benadryl) are often co-administered. This is done with care, however, as excessive sedation may occur.
369:
6785:
5659:
506:
6902:
1969:
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1405:
1041:
1033:
1025:
970:
872:
786:
282:
5554:
5027:
1568:
Bodor N, Buchwald P (January 2000). "Soft drug design: general principles and recent applications".
533:
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6704:
6662:
6508:
6468:
5795:
5765:
5614:
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3001:
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324:
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80:
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735:
88:
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7170:
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1501:
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1305:
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1152:
930:
Because pruritus is partially due to excessive serum histamine levels, antihistamines such as
892:
52:
6963:
6932:
6833:
6720:
6573:
6553:
6443:
6423:
6150:
5473:
4471:
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486:
7135:
6798:
6735:
6558:
6274:
6200:
6155:
5925:
5719:
5654:
5508:
5408:
5248:
4962:
4608:
4221:
3668:
3142:
2006:
1941:
1904:
1865:
1822:
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896:
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573:
333:
244:
6643:
6568:
6563:
6498:
1323:
Guy J, Hindman BJ, Baker KZ, Borel CO, Maktabi M, Ostapkovich N, et al. (March 1997).
438:
418:
7114:
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5975:
5930:
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4296:
4226:
4081:
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3771:
3753:
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3316:
3257:
2640:
2541:
997:
931:
904:
762:
272:
252:
6388:
5544:
4784:
1131:"The use of a remifentanil infusion for hemodynamic control during intracranial surgery"
560:
537:
6750:
6075:
5373:
5353:
5348:
5153:
4411:
4371:
4361:
4321:
4216:
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4086:
4061:
4016:
3892:
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3610:
3490:
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3341:
3326:
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2676:
2627:
2594:
2444:
2251:
2131:
2126:
1733:
Spies C, Macguill M, Heymann A, Ganea C, Krahne D, Assman A, et al. (March 2011).
1188:
1171:
1000:
and was FDA approved on July 12, 1996. Its patent ended on the 10th of
September 2017.
1301:
7124:
7066:
6973:
6725:
6503:
6458:
6408:
6331:
6319:
6025:
5940:
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5900:
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5619:
5609:
5313:
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4957:
4897:
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4326:
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1869:
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1685:
1670:
1654:
1478:
Stocki D, Matot I, Einav S, Eventov-Friedman S, Ginosar Y, Weiniger CF (March 2014).
1341:
1324:
1147:
1130:
641:
549:
65:
methyl 1-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-4-(phenyl-propanoyl-amino)-piperidine-4-carboxylate
1842:
1719:
1597:
1205:
757:
that has a rapid onset and rapid recovery time. It has been used effectively during
7061:
6996:
6922:
6730:
6305:
6270:
6070:
5875:
5734:
5328:
5323:
5218:
5193:
5188:
5012:
4937:
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4491:
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4341:
4176:
4141:
4136:
3786:
3761:
3519:
3424:
3308:
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3083:
3073:
3048:
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2836:
2711:
2706:
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2506:
2502:
2394:
2376:
2221:
2216:
2086:
2064:
1513:
900:
810:
141:
136:
726:. It is given to patients during surgery to relieve pain and as an adjunct to an
358:
30:
1909:
1892:
1496:
1479:
1288:
Michelsen LG, Hug Jr CC (December 1996). "The pharmacokinetics of remifentanil".
797:
Remifentanil can be administered as part of an anesthesia technique called TIVA (
6991:
6968:
6882:
6808:
6775:
6755:
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6613:
6603:
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6513:
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4703:
4633:
4603:
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2307:
2302:
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2211:
2203:
2188:
2141:
1247:
De
Baerdemaeker LE, Jacobs S, Pattyn P, Mortier EP, Struys MM (September 2007).
727:
121:
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5498:
5453:
5443:
5438:
5378:
5368:
5298:
5213:
5062:
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5032:
4997:
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4952:
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4907:
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22:
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6100:
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5724:
5684:
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5644:
5574:
5513:
5483:
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5423:
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5173:
5138:
5133:
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5002:
4982:
4977:
4947:
4877:
4839:
4819:
4814:
4754:
4738:
4728:
4673:
4583:
4531:
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4276:
4266:
4111:
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3132:
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2645:
2573:
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2410:
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2231:
2116:
2111:
2101:
1989:
Orange book: approved drug products with therapeutic equivalence evaluations
1013:
1009:
884:
754:
720:
74:
1918:
1877:
1834:
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1711:
1589:
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1527:
Ulusoy H, Cekic B, Besir A, Geze S, Hocaoglu C, Akdogan A (February 2014).
1505:
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1233:
1197:
1156:
844:
linkage which undergoes rapid hydrolysis by non-specific tissue and plasma
2467:
1826:
1799:
1791:
1662:
1624:
1427:
White LD, Hodsdon A, An GH, Thang C, Melhuish TM, Vlok R (November 2019).
1350:
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6493:
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6463:
6418:
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6140:
6050:
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6000:
5990:
5870:
5694:
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5564:
5503:
5488:
5398:
5318:
5288:
5268:
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5183:
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5017:
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4698:
4693:
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1265:
1248:
977:
927:
that allow the patient to tolerate or lose awareness of the side effect.
924:
920:
912:
860:
848:. This means that accumulation does not occur with remifentanil and its
845:
821:
739:
731:
389:
1455:
1028:
1,550). The penalty for trafficking or manufacturing the substance is a
398:
7011:
6892:
6770:
6453:
6337:
6115:
6105:
5333:
5263:
5198:
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1945:
1582:
10.1002/(SICI)1098-1128(200001)20:1<58::AID-MED3>3.0.CO;2-X
981:
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2524:
2515:
2284:
1684:
Dahaba AA, Grabner T, Rehak PH, List WF, Metzler H (September 2004).
751:
717:
497:
801:) using computer controlled infusion pumps in a process called TCI (
769:. While opiates function similarly, with respect to analgesia, the
466:
458:
39:
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6628:
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2156:
841:
629:
620:
477:
1364:
Weale NK, Rogers CA, Cooper R, Nolan J, Wolf AR (February 2004).
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216:
3919:
2471:
2033:
228:
1170:
Grottke O, Dietrich PJ, Wiegels S, Wappler F (November 2004).
993:
predictable duration that would not have accumulation issues.
824:, remifentanil is used for anesthesia of patients undergoing
1776:"The opioids: Abuse liability and treatments for dependence"
773:
of remifentanil allows for quicker post-operative recovery.
522:
1991:. Silver Spring, MD: US Food and Drug Administration. 2010.
957:
Remifentanil has been used with some success to circumvent
167:
99:
887:. The drug's effects include a dose-dependent decrease in
1613:
The
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
1105:
204:
193:
180:
1641:
Patel SS, Spencer CM (September 1996). "Remifentanil".
699:
734:
as well as combined with other medications for use in
7098:
976:, functions like other μ-receptor agonists, such as
6945:
6857:
6672:
6661:
6361:
5758:
5747:
5527:
5101:
5090:
4747:
3967:
3956:
3795:
3752:
3730:
3649:
3601:
3590:
3552:
3507:
3456:
3340:
3307:
3256:
3192:
3156:
3066:
3057:
2966:
2764:
2582:
2523:
2514:
2403:
2375:
2342:
2283:
2250:
2202:
2174:
2165:
2072:
640:
618:
605:
572:
567:
548:
516:
496:
476:
448:
428:
408:
388:
377:
368:
343:
323:
294:
281:
277:
cleaved by non-specific plasma and tissue esterases
271:
261:
251:
243:
157:
152:
127:
113:
87:
69:
61:
51:
46:
1106:"Remifentanil, IV opioid analgesic, Remi | Ultiva"
7089:(met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer)
1129:Gesztesi Z, Mootz BL, White PF (November 1999).
1012:, remifentanil is regulated under Schedule 1 of
961:in patients who are in need of pain management.
357:
332:
852:remains at 4 minutes after a 4-hour infusion.
662:O=C(OC)C2(N(c1ccccc1)C(=O)CC)CCN(CCC(=O)OC)CC2
3931:
2483:
2045:
1533:The Journal of International Medical Research
1433:International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia
794:vary but are usually 0.1–1 (μg/kg)/min.
8:
21:
875:agonist. Hence, it causes a reduction in
315:-phenylpropanamido)piperidine-4-carboxylate
6669:
5755:
5098:
3964:
3938:
3924:
3916:
3598:
3063:
2520:
2490:
2476:
2468:
2171:
2052:
2038:
2030:
559:
536:
417:
1908:
1780:Advances in Alcohol & Substance Abuse
1750:
1701:
1544:
1495:
1454:
1444:
1381:
1340:
1264:
1187:
1146:
437:
1636:
1634:
7105:
1064:
836:Remifentanil is considered a metabolic
679:
659:
532:
397:
308:
1891:Levine AI, Bryson EO (February 2010).
1858:Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
1055:grams, unchanged from the prior year.
550:
20:
505:
485:
79:
7:
2025:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
2013:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
716:is a potent, short-acting synthetic
311:methyl 1-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-4-(
212:(Special prescription form required)
140:
809:of remifentanil allows the desired
465:
457:
348:
1189:10.1213/01.ANE.0000134684.25322.26
14:
5906:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
5234:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
4187:Dextropropoxyphene (propoxyphene)
4172:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
3582:Tetrahydrocannabinol (dronabinol)
1940:. Wiley Online Library: 339–342.
941:once the infusion is terminated.
7108:
6286:Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether
1870:10.1097/00004714-200012000-00002
1703:10.1097/00000542-200409000-00012
1655:10.2165/00003495-199652030-00009
1342:10.1097/00000542-199703000-00002
1148:10.1213/00000539-199911000-00038
742:drugs and volatile anesthetics.
712:, marketed under the brand name
590:
584:
38:
29:
6281:Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether
1087:from the original on 2023-08-03
781:It is administered in the form
687:Key:ZTVQQQVZCWLTDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
6206:Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide
3350:Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)
1934:Drug Discovery and Development
1774:Ternes JW, O'Brien CP (1990).
1370:British Journal of Anaesthesia
1290:Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
1253:British Journal of Anaesthesia
596:
578:
267:70% (bound to plasma proteins)
1:
6181:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)
5374:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)
4983:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)
4412:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)
1649:(3): 417–27, discussion 428.
1302:10.1016/s0952-8180(96)00179-1
996:Remifentanil was patented by
785:and in adults is given as an
5404:N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon
2019:"Remifentanil Hydrochloride"
1910:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181c5f069
1497:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182a7cd1b
799:total intravenous anesthesia
730:. Remifentanil is used for
7166:Mu-opioid receptor agonists
7057:β-Lipotropin (proendorphin)
6685:((pF)Phe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
6066:Leumorphin (dynorphin B-29)
4552:Oxymorphone phenylhydrazone
2992:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
871:Remifentanil is a specific
850:context-sensitive half-life
807:context-sensitive half-life
750:Remifentanil is used as an
7192:
7077:Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
6697:-NH)Gly)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
5801:Adrenorphin (metorphamide)
4968:Methylsamidorphan chloride
4202:Dimethylaminopivalophenone
4027:Adrenorphin (metorphamide)
1570:Medicinal Research Reviews
1446:10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.04.007
877:sympathetic nervous system
803:target controlled infusion
783:remifentanil hydrochloride
568:Chemical and physical data
16:Synthetic opioid analgesic
7146:Drugs developed by AbbVie
6997:Racecadotril (acetorphan)
6404:Buprenorphine/samidorphan
6316:Tricyclic antidepressants
5394:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
4437:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
3876:
3693:Tricyclic antidepressants
2428:
1752:10.1007/s00134-010-2100-5
1018:Dangerous Drugs Ordinance
988:Development and marketing
826:electroconvulsive therapy
695:
670:
650:
299:
37:
28:
6982:Dexecadotril (retorphan)
6954:Enkephalinase inhibitors
6883:BTRX-246040 (LY-2940094)
6865:(Nphe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
6781:Nociceptin (orphanin FQ)
3027:+propyphenazone/caffeine
1897:Anesthesia and Analgesia
1546:10.1177/0300060513509036
1484:Anesthesia and Analgesia
1176:Anesthesia and Analgesia
1135:Anesthesia and Analgesia
1083:(published 2023-04-04).
953:Circumventing naltrexone
6680:(Arg14,Lys15)Nociceptin
5951:Dynorphin B (rimorphin)
4993:Nalorphine dinicotinate
2023:Drug Information Portal
2011:Drug Information Portal
1739:Intensive Care Medicine
1222:Medical Science Monitor
1081:Diário Oficial da União
919:) and intense itching (
6296:Spiradoline (U-62,066)
6241:Pethidine (meperidine)
5434:Pethidine (meperidine)
5124:ADL-5747 (PF-04856881)
4770:4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide
4669:Tetrahydropapaveroline
4584:Pethidine (meperidine)
2877:Pethidine (meperidine)
1406:"Remifentanil Actavis"
1044:155,000) fine and/or 7
969:Remifentanil, being a
881:respiratory depression
767:gastric bypass surgery
646:5 °C (41 °F)
6987:Ecadotril (sinorphan)
6474:CERC-501 (LY-2456302)
6374:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
5936:Dinalbuphine sebacate
5811:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
5535:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
5494:Thiobromadol (C-8813)
5134:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
4780:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
4760:2-(S)-N,N-(R)-Viminol
4232:Dinalbuphine sebacate
3498:+paracetamol/caffeine
3476:Metamizole (dipyrone)
3410:Morpholine salicylate
3354:+paracetamol/caffeine
1827:10.1007/s002130000415
1792:10.1300/J251v09n01_03
6844:Sunobinop (S-117957)
6579:N-Fluoropropyl-JDTic
5911:Diamorphine (heroin)
5244:Diamorphine (heroin)
4212:Diamorphine (heroin)
4012:Acetyldihydrocodeine
3992:7-Hydroxymitragynine
3987:7-Acetoxymitragynine
3621:Gabapentin enacarbil
3415:Potassium salicylate
3405:Magnesium salicylate
3400:Imidazole salicylate
3227:Indometacin farnesil
2623:Diamorphine (heroin)
2590:Acetyldihydrocodeine
2377:Neuroactive steroids
2344:Arylcyclohexylamines
1048:years of jail time.
907:is sometimes noted.
820:In combination with
787:intravenous infusion
7131:General anesthetics
7047:Ubenimex (bestatin)
6791:Nociceptin (1-13)NH
6399:β-Chlornaltrexamine
6369:4′-Hydroxyflavanone
5791:β-Chlornaltrexamine
5665:N-Benzylnaltrindole
5560:β-Chlornaltrexamine
5479:TAN-67 (SB-205,607)
5144:AR-M100390 (ARM390)
4805:β-Chlornaltrexamine
4775:4′-Hydroxyflavanone
4002:α-Chlornaltrexamine
3370:Carbasalate calcium
2061:General anesthetics
998:Glaxo Wellcome Inc.
25:
7151:Carboxylate esters
6609:Norbinaltorphimine
5916:Diacetylnalorphine
5605:Diacetylnalorphine
5229:Desmethylclozapine
4883:Diacetylnalorphine
4563:Papaver somniferum
4147:Chloroxymorphamine
3903:Never to phase III
3808:Analgesic adjuvant
3709:1.7/1.8-selective:
3375:Choline salicylate
2802:Dextropropoxyphene
2455:Never to phase III
1946:10.1002/0471780103
1815:Psychopharmacology
1383:10.1093/bja/aeh038
1266:10.1093/bja/aem164
792:general anesthesia
761:, spinal surgery,
736:general anesthesia
7096:
7095:
6941:
6940:
6786:Nociceptin (1-11)
6657:
6656:
5786:14-Methoxymetopon
5743:
5742:
5660:Methylnaltrindole
5086:
5085:
4755:(3S,4S)-Picenadol
4367:Levacetylmethadol
3913:
3912:
3748:
3747:
3732:Potassium openers
3669:Local anesthetics
3611:Alcohol (ethanol)
3548:
3547:
3447:methyl salicylate
3435:Sodium salicylate
3322:Meclofenamic acid
2997:+aspirin/caffeine
2962:
2961:
2465:
2464:
2424:
2423:
2242:Thiotetrabarbital
2147:Trichloroethylene
893:arterial pressure
707:
706:
631:Interactive image
518:CompTox Dashboard
232:
220:
207:
196:
184:
176:(Controlled drug)
171:
103:
7183:
7113:
7112:
7111:
7104:
6976:
6903:Nociceptin (1-7)
6799:Norbuprenorphine
6736:Dihydroetorphine
6670:
6559:Methylnaltrexone
6469:Catechin gallate
6201:Norbuprenorphine
5926:Dihydroetorphine
5796:β-Funaltrexamine
5756:
5655:Methylnaltrexone
5595:Catechin gallate
5409:Norbuprenorphine
5249:Dihydroetorphine
5099:
4963:Methylnaltrexone
4855:Catechin gallate
4810:β-Funaltrexamine
4222:Dihydroetorphine
3965:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3917:
3603:Calcium blockers
3599:
3495:
3444:
3270:
3258:COX-2 inhibitors
3224:
3143:Tiaprofenic acid
3114:
3101:
3093:
3064:
2941:
2721:
2660:
2632:
2604:
2521:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2469:
2172:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2031:
2026:
2014:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1705:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1548:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1499:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1448:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1344:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1268:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1191:
1182:(5): 1521–1527.
1167:
1161:
1160:
1150:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1069:
1054:
1047:
897:respiratory rate
771:pharmacokinetics
703:
702:
633:
613:
598:
592:
586:
580:
563:
552:
541:
540:
526:
524:
509:
489:
469:
461:
441:
421:
401:
381:
361:
351:
350:
336:
286:
230:
227:
218:
215:
206:
203:
195:
192:
189:(Narcotic drugs)
182:
179:
169:
166:
144:
101:
98:
83:
42:
33:
26:
24:
7191:
7190:
7186:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7181:
7180:
7121:
7120:
7119:
7109:
7107:
7099:
7097:
7092:
6974:
6937:
6868:
6853:
6794:
6716:
6708:
6700:
6696:
6688:
6665:
6653:
6449:Binaltorphimine
6394:6β-Naltrexol-d4
6357:
5976:Ethylketazocine
5931:Dihydromorphine
5751:
5739:
5550:6β-Naltrexol-d4
5523:
5279:Ethylketazocine
5254:Dihydromorphine
5094:
5082:
4790:6β-Naltrexol-d4
4743:
4542:Oxymorphonazine
4297:Furanylfentanyl
4227:Dihydromorphine
4082:Benzhydrocodone
3971:
3969:
3960:
3952:
3947:Opioid receptor
3944:
3914:
3909:
3908:
3893:Clinical trials
3872:
3853:Phenazopyridine
3791:
3772:Cyclobenzaprine
3744:
3726:
3708:
3651:Sodium blockers
3645:
3593:
3586:
3544:
3503:
3493:
3452:
3442:
3336:
3332:Tolfenamic acid
3317:Flufenamic acid
3303:
3268:
3252:
3222:
3188:
3152:
3112:
3099:
3091:
3053:
3017:+metoclopramide
2958:
2939:
2760:
2719:
2658:
2641:Dihydromorphine
2630:
2602:
2578:
2510:
2496:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2445:Clinical trials
2420:
2399:
2371:
2338:
2279:
2252:Benzodiazepines
2246:
2198:
2161:
2068:
2058:
2017:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1640:
1639:
1632:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1114:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1052:
1045:
1006:
990:
967:
965:Abuse potential
955:
947:
932:diphenhydramine
905:Muscle rigidity
869:
834:
779:
763:cardiac surgery
748:
698:
696:
691:
688:
683:
678:
677:
666:
663:
658:
657:
636:
611:
601:
595:
589:
583:
544:
520:
512:
492:
472:
444:
424:
404:
384:
364:
347:
339:
319:
316:
307:
306:
284:
263:Protein binding
253:Bioavailability
245:Pharmacokinetic
239:
148:
116:
109:
90:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7189:
7187:
7179:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7123:
7122:
7118:
7117:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7090:
7080:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7050:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6977:-Phenylalanine
6971:
6966:
6961:
6949:
6947:
6943:
6942:
6939:
6938:
6936:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6866:
6861:
6859:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6804:Racemethorphan
6801:
6796:
6792:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6751:Levomethorphan
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6690:
6686:
6682:
6676:
6674:
6667:
6659:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6365:
6363:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6256:Racemethorphan
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6076:Levomethorphan
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5762:
5760:
5753:
5745:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5444:Racemethorphan
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5354:Levomethorphan
5351:
5349:Leu-enkephalin
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5105:
5103:
5096:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5028:Naltrexonazine
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4629:Racemethorphan
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4372:Levomethorphan
4369:
4364:
4362:Leu-enkephalin
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4322:Hydromorphinol
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4217:Dihydrocodeine
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4182:Dextromoramide
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4087:Benzylmorphine
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4017:Acetylfentanyl
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3978:
3976:
3962:
3954:
3953:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3920:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3848:Methoxyflurane
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3706:
3701:
3700:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3596:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3558:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3491:Propyphenazone
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3466:Aminophenazone
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3346:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3327:Mefenamic acid
3324:
3319:
3313:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3107:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2951:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2797:Dextromoramide
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2677:Hydromorphinol
2674:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2628:Dihydrocodeine
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2597:
2595:Benzylmorphine
2592:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2533:
2531:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2472:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2132:Methoxypropane
2129:
2127:Methoxyflurane
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2015:
2007:"Remifentanil"
2001:
2000:External links
1998:
1995:
1994:
1980:
1961:
1954:
1924:
1883:
1864:(6): 597–606.
1848:
1805:
1786:(1–2): 27–45.
1766:
1745:(3): 469–476.
1725:
1696:(3): 640–646.
1690:Anesthesiology
1676:
1630:
1619:(1): 226–232.
1603:
1560:
1539:(1): 111–119.
1519:
1490:(3): 589–597.
1470:
1419:
1397:
1376:(2): 187–194.
1356:
1335:(3): 514–524.
1329:Anesthesiology
1315:
1280:
1239:
1211:
1162:
1121:
1110:www.ultiva.com
1097:
1075:(2023-03-31).
1063:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1005:
1002:
989:
986:
966:
963:
954:
951:
946:
943:
868:
865:
833:
830:
778:
777:Administration
775:
747:
744:
705:
704:
693:
692:
690:
689:
686:
684:
681:
673:
672:
671:
668:
667:
665:
664:
661:
653:
652:
651:
648:
647:
644:
638:
637:
635:
634:
626:
624:
616:
615:
609:
603:
602:
599:
593:
587:
581:
576:
570:
569:
565:
564:
554:
546:
545:
543:
542:
534:DTXSID00157826
529:
527:
514:
513:
511:
510:
502:
500:
494:
493:
491:
490:
482:
480:
474:
473:
471:
470:
462:
454:
452:
446:
445:
443:
442:
434:
432:
426:
425:
423:
422:
414:
412:
406:
405:
403:
402:
394:
392:
386:
385:
383:
382:
374:
372:
366:
365:
363:
362:
354:
352:
341:
340:
338:
337:
329:
327:
321:
320:
318:
317:
310:
302:
301:
300:
297:
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259:
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225:
213:
201:
190:
177:
163:
161:
155:
154:
150:
149:
147:
146:
133:
131:
125:
124:
119:
117:administration
111:
110:
108:
107:
105:
95:
93:
85:
84:
77:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7188:
7177:
7176:Methyl esters
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7161:Propionamides
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7116:
7106:
7102:
7088:
7085:
7082:
7081:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7072:Pronociceptin
7070:
7068:
7067:Proenkephalin
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7052:
7051:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6951:
6950:
6948:
6944:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6856:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6726:Buprenorphine
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6711:
6709:
6703:
6701:
6691:
6689:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6677:
6675:
6671:
6668:
6664:
6660:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6459:Buprenorphine
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6409:Amentoflavone
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6360:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6333:
6332:nortriptyline
6329:
6325:
6321:
6320:amitriptyline
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6276:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6026:Hydromorphone
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5941:Diprenorphine
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5921:Difelikefalin
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5901:Cyprenorphine
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5846:Big dynorphin
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5766:3CS-nalmefene
5764:
5763:
5761:
5757:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5610:Diprenorphine
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5314:Hydromorphone
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5224:Deltorphin II
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5109:3CS-nalmefene
5107:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4958:Methocinnamox
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4918:Ginsenoside R
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4888:Diprenorphine
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4765:3CS-nalmefene
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4594:Phencyclidine
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4537:Oxymorphazone
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4327:Hydromorphone
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4272:Ethylmorphine
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4262:Endomorphin-2
4260:
4258:
4257:Endomorphin-1
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4237:Diphenoxylate
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4122:Butyrfentanyl
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4107:Buprenorphine
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4022:Acrylfentanyl
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3997:ψ-Akuammigine
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3941:
3936:
3934:
3929:
3927:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3782:Methocarbamol
3780:
3778:
3777:Mephenoxalone
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3767:Chlorzoxazone
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3697:amitriptyline
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3659:Carbamazepine
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3117:Dexketoprofen
3111:
3108:
3105:
3097:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2892:Phenoperidine
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:Ethoheptazine
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2682:Hydromorphone
2680:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:Ethylmorphine
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2601:
2600:Buprenorphine
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:Semisynthetic
2581:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:Phencyclidine
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:Phenoperidine
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:Narcobarbital
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2137:Nitrous oxide
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2097:Diethyl ether
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1955:9780471398486
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1576:(1): 58–101.
1575:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1296:(8): 679–82.
1295:
1291:
1284:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1259:(3): 404–11.
1258:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1228:(8): PI33–8.
1227:
1223:
1215:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1141:(5): 1282–7.
1140:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1122:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1049:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1003:
1001:
999:
994:
987:
985:
983:
979:
975:
972:
964:
962:
960:
952:
950:
944:
942:
940:
935:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
866:
864:
862:
856:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
831:
829:
827:
823:
818:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
795:
793:
788:
784:
776:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
753:
745:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
722:
719:
715:
711:
701:
694:
685:
680:
676:
669:
660:
656:
649:
645:
643:
642:Melting point
639:
632:
628:
627:
625:
622:
617:
610:
608:
604:
577:
575:
571:
566:
562:
558:
555:
553:
551:ECHA InfoCard
547:
539:
535:
531:
530:
528:
519:
515:
508:
504:
503:
501:
499:
495:
488:
484:
483:
481:
479:
475:
468:
464:as HCl:
463:
460:
456:
455:
453:
451:
447:
440:
436:
435:
433:
431:
427:
420:
416:
415:
413:
411:
407:
400:
396:
395:
393:
391:
387:
380:
376:
375:
373:
371:
367:
360:
356:
355:
353:
346:
342:
335:
331:
330:
328:
326:
322:
314:
309:
305:
298:
293:
289:
287:
280:
276:
274:
270:
266:
264:
260:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
236:
226:
224:
214:
211:
202:
200:
191:
188:
178:
175:
165:
164:
162:
160:
156:
151:
143:
138:
135:
134:
132:
130:
126:
123:
120:
118:
112:
106:
97:
96:
94:
92:
86:
82:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
54:
50:
47:Clinical data
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
7083:
7062:Prodynorphin
7054:Propeptides:
7053:
6952:
6923:Thienorphine
6746:JNJ-19385899
6731:Cebranopadol
6713:Ac-RYYRIK-NH
6705:Ac-RYYRWK-NH
6389:6β-Naltrexol
6306:Thienorphine
6271:Salvinorin A
6071:Levallorphan
5876:Cebranopadol
5735:Thienorphine
5545:6β-Naltrexol
5329:JNJ-20788560
5324:Isomethadone
5219:Deltorphin I
5214:Deltorphin A
5194:Cebranopadol
5189:Casokefamide
5023:Naltrexazone
5013:Naloxonazine
4938:Levallorphan
4785:6β-Naltrexol
4684:Thienorphine
4639:Remifentanil
4638:
4561:
4492:Nicomorphine
4487:Nicodicodine
4442:Morphiceptin
4342:Ketobemidone
4177:Desomorphine
4162:DAMGO (DAGO)
4142:Cebranopadol
4137:Casokefamide
3787:Orphenadrine
3762:Carisoprodol
3754:Myorelaxants
3704:
3554:Cannabinoids
3520:Floctafenine
3425:Salicylamide
3104:+paracetamol
3096:Dexibuprofen
3084:Flurbiprofen
3074:Benoxaprofen
3049:Propacetamol
3039:Parapropamol
3007:+hydrocodone
2948:+paracetamol
2917:Remifentanil
2916:
2907:Proheptazine
2837:Ketobemidone
2777:Alphaprodine
2724:+paracetamol
2712:Nicomorphine
2707:Nicodicodine
2663:+paracetamol
2635:+paracetamol
2618:Desomorphine
2547:+paracetamol
2395:Hydroxydione
2328:Remifentanil
2327:
2222:Methohexital
2217:Hexobarbital
2204:Barbiturates
2087:Cyclopropane
2074:Inhalational
2022:
2010:
1988:
1983:
1964:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1903:(2): 524–5.
1900:
1896:
1886:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1646:
1642:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1456:10072/416502
1436:
1432:
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1408:(in Swedish)
1400:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1113:. Retrieved
1109:
1100:
1089:. Retrieved
1067:
1050:
1017:
1016:Chapter 134
1007:
995:
991:
968:
956:
948:
936:
929:
909:
901:tidal volume
870:
867:Side-effects
857:
854:
835:
819:
815:
811:blood plasma
796:
782:
780:
759:craniotomies
749:
746:Clinical use
713:
710:Remifentanil
709:
708:
697:
312:
290:1-20 minutes
283:Elimination
159:Legal status
153:Legal status
23:Remifentanil
18:
7141:Piperidines
6992:Kelatorphan
6969:Candoxatril
6858:Antagonists
6809:Racemorphan
6776:NNC 63-0532
6761:Lexanopadol
6756:Levorphanol
6634:Quadazocine
6619:Pawhuskin A
6614:Noribogaine
6604:Navacaprant
6594:Naltrindole
6514:Epicatechin
6479:Clocinnamox
6362:Antagonists
6324:desipramine
6291:Samidorphan
6261:Racemorphan
6246:Phenazocine
6236:Pentazocine
6216:Norketamine
6211:Noribogaine
6171:Nalfurafine
6136:Mirtazapine
6126:Metkefamide
6086:Lexanopadol
6081:Levorphanol
6061:Laudanosine
6046:ICI-204,448
6041:ICI-199,441
6011:Hemorphin-4
5971:Erinacine E
5956:Eluxadoline
5946:Dynorphin A
5891:Cyclazocine
5866:Butorphanol
5851:Bremazocine
5826:Asimadoline
5816:Allomatrine
5806:Akuammicine
5715:Quadazocine
5710:Pawhuskin A
5705:Noribogaine
5690:Naltrindole
5630:Epicatechin
5625:Eluxadoline
5600:Clocinnamox
5528:Antagonists
5459:Samidorphan
5449:Racemorphan
5429:Oxymorphone
5389:Mitragynine
5384:Metkefamide
5364:Lexanopadol
5359:Levorphanol
5344:Laudanosine
5309:Hydrocodone
5304:Hemorphin-4
5204:Cyclazocine
5179:Butorphanol
5154:β-Endorphin
5073:Samidorphan
5068:Quadazocine
5058:Pawhuskin A
5048:Noribogaine
5038:Naltrindole
4973:Naldemedine
4903:Epicatechin
4860:Clocinnamox
4748:Antagonists
4719:Tubotaiwine
4704:Trimebutine
4634:Racemorphan
4604:Piritramide
4589:Phenazocine
4574:Pentazocine
4547:Oxymorphone
4512:Oliceridine
4497:Norketamine
4482:Nicocodeine
4467:Naltalimide
4432:Mitragynine
4422:Metkefamide
4392:Loxicodegol
4382:Lexanopadol
4377:Levorphanol
4352:Laudanosine
4317:Hydrocodone
4312:Hodgkinsine
4302:Hemorphin-4
4292:Frakefamide
4252:Embutramide
4247:Dynorphin A
4207:Eluxadoline
4197:Dimenoxadol
4132:Carfentanil
4117:Butorphanol
4092:Bezitramide
4062:β-Endorphin
4052:Anileridine
4042:Akuammidine
4037:Akuammicine
4007:α-Narcotine
3889:from market
3833:Frunevetmab
3813:Bedinvetmab
3722:PF-05089771
3631:Mirogabalin
3592:Ion channel
3562:Cannabidiol
3515:Benzydamine
3458:Pyrazolones
3440:Wintergreen
3390:Ethenzamide
3385:Dipyrocetyl
3342:Salicylates
3284:Lumiracoxib
3220:Indometacin
3148:Zaltoprofen
3067:Propionates
2977:Acetanilide
2968:Paracetamol
2902:Piritramide
2887:Phenazocine
2882:Phenadoxone
2872:Pentazocine
2867:Oliceridine
2862:Norpipanone
2831:+fluanisone
2812:Dimenoxadol
2792:Carfentanil
2787:Bezitramide
2782:Anileridine
2751:Papaveretum
2746:Oxymorphone
2740:+naltrexone
2702:Nicocodeine
2687:Levorphanol
2656:Hydrocodone
2613:Butorphanol
2558:+naltrexone
2441:from market
2308:Embutramide
2303:Anileridine
2275:Remimazolam
2212:Amobarbital
2189:Fospropofol
2152:Vinyl ether
2142:Sevoflurane
1821:(1): 61–6.
1040:1,000,000 (
1032:5,000,000 (
1014:Hong Kong's
939:circulation
728:anaesthetic
614: g·mol
557:100.211.201
334:132875-61-7
295:Identifiers
235:Schedule II
122:Intravenous
62:Other names
53:Trade names
7125:Categories
7087:Kyotorphin
7032:Spinorphin
6913:SB-612,111
6908:Nocistatin
6878:BAN-ORL-24
6829:SCH-486757
6824:SCH-221510
6663:Nociceptin
6624:PF-4455242
6599:Naringenin
6589:Naltrexone
6549:LY-2795050
6544:LY-2459989
6539:LY-2444296
6534:LY-2196044
6519:Hyperoside
6434:Aticaprant
6328:imipramine
6251:Proxorphan
6226:Oxilorphan
6196:Niravoline
6186:Nalorphine
6161:Nalbuphine
6146:Moxazocine
6121:Metazocine
6091:Lofentanil
6056:Ketazocine
6016:Herkinorin
5996:Gemazocine
5986:Fedotozine
5966:Eptazocine
5896:Cyclorphan
5881:Ciprefadol
5700:Naringenin
5680:Naltrexone
5675:Nalorphine
5650:LY-2196044
5640:ICI-174864
5635:ICI-154129
5580:Bevenopran
5555:α-Santolol
5519:Zenazocine
5499:Tonazocine
5454:RWJ-394674
5439:Proglumide
5379:Metazocine
5369:Lofentanil
5299:Fluorophen
5063:Rimonabant
5053:Oxilorphan
5043:Naringenin
5033:Naltrexone
4998:Naloxazone
4988:Nalorphine
4953:LY-2196044
4923:Hyperoside
4913:Gemazocine
4908:Eptazocine
4845:Bevenopran
4689:Tianeptine
4664:Tapentadol
4659:Sufentanil
4654:Sinomenine
4644:Salsolinol
4599:Piminodine
4517:Oxycodegol
4507:Octreotide
4502:Nufenoxole
4452:Nalbuphine
4407:Meptazinol
4387:Loperamide
4357:Lefetamine
4307:Herkinorin
4287:Fluorophen
4242:Dipipanone
4167:Dermorphin
4057:Apparicine
4047:Alfentanil
3970:(abridged;
3950:modulators
3863:Rimazolium
3858:Proglumide
3803:Analgecine
3740:Flupirtine
3683:Mexiletine
3664:Lacosamide
3641:Ziconotide
3636:Pregabalin
3626:Leconotide
3616:Gabapentin
3594:modulators
3577:Nabiximols
3540:Proquazone
3535:Nimesulide
3530:Nabumetone
3481:Nifenazone
3395:Guacetisal
3380:Diflunisal
3365:Benorylate
3299:Valdecoxib
3279:Etoricoxib
3210:Diclofenac
3200:Acemetacin
3169:Lornoxicam
3123:Loxoprofen
3110:Ketoprofen
3079:Fenoprofen
3044:Phenacetin
3022:+oxycodone
3012:+ibuprofen
2944:+celecoxib
2927:Tapentadol
2922:Sufentanil
2897:Piminodine
2847:Meptazinol
2842:Lofentanil
2817:Dipipanone
2772:Alfentanil
2732:+ibuprofen
2697:Nalbuphine
2667:+ibuprofen
2499:Analgesics
2416:Propanidid
2390:Alfaxalone
2385:Alfadolone
2367:Tiletamine
2352:Esketamine
2334:Sufentanil
2318:Alfentanil
2237:Thiopental
2122:Isoflurane
2092:Desflurane
2082:Chloroform
1970:US 5866591
1115:2015-11-30
1091:2023-08-16
1059:References
1004:Regulation
971:μ-receptor
959:naltrexone
917:alfentanil
889:heart rate
873:μ-receptor
832:Metabolism
619:3D model (
607:Molar mass
507:ChEMBL1005
487:CHEBI:8802
439:P10582JYYK
410:ChemSpider
370:IUPHAR/BPS
325:CAS Number
304:IUPAC name
273:Metabolism
210:Anlage III
199:Schedule I
7042:Tynorphin
7037:Thiorphan
7017:Opiorphan
6959:Amastatin
6888:J-113,397
6849:TH-030418
6819:Ro65-6570
6814:Ro64-6198
6741:Etorphine
6649:Zyklophin
6639:Taxifolin
6529:LY-255582
6489:Cyclofoxy
6439:Axelopran
6353:Xorphanol
6343:U-54,494A
6311:Tifluadom
6301:TH-030418
6231:Oxycodone
6221:Oripavine
6191:Naltriben
6176:Nalmefene
6131:Mianserin
6101:Lufuradom
6006:GR-103545
5981:Etorphine
5961:Enadoline
5861:Butorphan
5856:BRL-52537
5821:Apadoline
5730:Taxifolin
5725:SoRI-9409
5685:Naltriben
5670:Nalmefene
5645:LY-255582
5575:Axelopran
5514:Xorphanol
5484:TH-030418
5464:SB-235863
5424:Oxycodone
5419:Oripavine
5284:Etorphine
5174:Butorphan
5139:Amoxapine
5078:Taxifolin
5003:Naloxegol
4978:Nalmefene
4948:LY-255582
4878:Cyprodime
4873:Cyclofoxy
4840:Axelopran
4820:Alvimopan
4815:Akuammine
4800:α-Gliadin
4739:Xorphanol
4729:Valorphin
4674:TH-030418
4532:Oxycodone
4527:Oripavine
4462:Nalmexone
4417:Methadone
4397:LS-115509
4277:Etorphine
4267:Eseroline
4112:Butorphan
3973:full list
3899:Phase III
3887:Withdrawn
3868:Tanezumab
3828:Clonidine
3823:Capsaicin
3677:lidocaine
3525:Glafenine
3486:Phenazone
3430:Salsalate
3360:Aloxiprin
3309:Fenamates
3294:Rofecoxib
3289:Parecoxib
3273:+tramadol
3266:Celecoxib
3248:Zomepirac
3233:Ketorolac
3205:Bromfenac
3184:Tenoxicam
3179:Piroxicam
3174:Meloxicam
3133:Oxaprozin
3089:Ibuprofen
3032:+tramadol
2987:Butacetin
2852:Methadone
2765:Synthetic
2736:+naloxone
2717:Oxycodone
2646:Etorphine
2607:+naloxone
2574:Paregoric
2451:Phase III
2439:Withdrawn
2411:Etomidate
2298:Oxycodone
2270:Lorazepam
2260:Midazolam
2232:Thiamylal
2167:Injection
2117:Halothane
2112:Fluroxene
2102:Enflurane
1671:265900417
1010:Hong Kong
925:sedatives
885:analgesia
846:esterases
838:soft drug
755:analgesic
721:analgesic
285:half-life
115:Routes of
89:Pregnancy
81:Monograph
75:Drugs.com
7171:Fentanyl
7156:Anilides
7115:Medicine
6928:Trap-101
6918:SR-16430
6839:SR-16435
6693:(PheΨ(CH
6673:Agonists
6584:Naloxone
6494:Dezocine
6464:Catechin
6419:Apigenin
6348:U-69,593
6141:Morphine
6111:MB-1C-OH
6051:Ketamine
6036:Ibogaine
6001:GR-89696
5991:Fentanyl
5871:BW373U86
5759:Agonists
5749:κ-opioid
5695:Naloxone
5590:Catechin
5565:Apigenin
5504:Tramadol
5489:Thebaine
5399:Morphine
5319:Ibogaine
5289:Fentanyl
5269:DPI-3290
5239:Dezocine
5184:BW373U86
5164:Biphalin
5129:ADL-5859
5102:Agonists
5092:δ-opioid
5018:Naloxone
4943:Lobeline
4928:Ibogaine
4850:Catechin
4830:Apigenin
4699:Tramadol
4694:Tilidine
4679:Thebaine
4649:SC-17599
4619:Propiram
4579:Pericine
4522:OM-3-MNZ
4447:Morphine
4337:Ketamine
4282:Fentanyl
4192:Dezocine
4127:BW373U86
4097:Biphalin
3982:3-HO-PCP
3968:Agonists
3958:μ-opioid
3838:Ketamine
3717:Funapide
3712:DSP-2230
3572:Nabilone
3567:Cannabis
3471:Ampyrone
3243:Tolmetin
3238:Sulindac
3215:Etodolac
3193:Acetates
3164:Isoxicam
3138:Suprofen
3128:Naproxen
3002:+codeine
2937:Tramadol
2932:Tilidine
2912:Propiram
2827:Fentanyl
2807:Dezocine
2756:Thebacon
2728:+aspirin
2671:+aspirin
2569:Laudanum
2554:Morphine
2542:+aspirin
2357:Ketamine
2313:Fentanyl
2293:Morphine
2265:Diazepam
2194:Propofol
2184:Ciprofol
2107:Ethylene
1919:19917624
1878:11106130
1843:21623038
1835:10867977
1761:21165734
1720:17192694
1712:15329588
1598:25119421
1590:10608921
1555:24398757
1506:24149580
1465:31230994
1439:: 4–13.
1392:14722167
1275:17606479
1234:16865075
1206:45361690
1198:15502058
1157:10553851
1085:Archived
1024:10,000 (
978:morphine
921:pruritus
913:fentanyl
861:propofol
822:propofol
740:hypnotic
732:sedation
700:(verify)
390:DrugBank
187:Class A1
129:ATC code
91:category
7136:Opioids
7084:Others:
7012:RB-3007
6964:BL-2401
6933:UFP-101
6898:NalBzOH
6893:JTC-801
6834:SR-8993
6771:MT-7716
6721:BU08070
6574:MR-2266
6554:MeJDTic
6484:CVL-354
6454:BU09059
6444:AZ-MTAB
6424:Arodyne
6384:6'-GNTI
6379:5'-GNTI
6338:U-50488
6318:(e.g.,
6166:NalBzOH
6151:MR-2034
6116:Menthol
6106:Matrine
5841:BAM-22P
5836:BAM-18P
5831:BAM-12P
5771:6'-GNTI
5540:5'-NTII
5474:SNC-162
5414:NalBzOH
5334:KNT-127
5264:DPI-221
5199:Codeine
5159:BAM-18P
5149:AZD2327
5114:6'-GNTI
5008:Naloxol
4734:Viminol
4724:U-47700
4709:TRIMU 5
4614:Prodine
4557:OxyPNPH
4472:Neopine
4457:NalBzOH
4427:Metopon
4402:Matrine
4152:Codeine
4102:BU08070
4077:BAM-22P
4072:BAM-18P
4067:BAM-12P
4032:AH-7921
3843:Menthol
3818:Camphor
3695:(e.g.,
3688:Nefopam
3673:cocaine
3671:(e.g.,
3420:Salicin
3157:Oxicams
2982:Bucetin
2954:Viminol
2692:Metopon
2537:Codeine
2525:Opiates
2516:Opioids
2285:Opioids
2176:Phenols
1800:2198785
1663:8875131
1625:9103501
1514:4844447
1351:9066316
1310:8982900
982:codeine
974:agonist
945:Potency
612:376.453
574:Formula
399:DB00899
345:PubChem
223:Class A
208::
197::
145:)
139: (
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