364:, Küss had already administered 6-mercaptopurine six years earlier. Küss, along with assistant surgeon Jacque Poisson, performed a cross-species procedure, transplanting two pig kidneys into one patient. The graft was unsuccessful instantly and the patient shortly died. Küss later described this as a painful experience. Transplant surgeon and friend of Küss,
329:
assisted Küss with the laboratory experiments and were also present to assist. The procedure became known as the "Küss operation" owing to his chief role in it. Organs from four guillotined prisoners were used in four of the five kidney transplants. One kidney came from a living donor undergoing a
228:, later known as the Hopital Broussais. Küss recalled first attending an operating theatre with his father at the age of seven. He had two brothers and two sisters and his family spent time travelling between their homes by the seaside, on the mountains and in Paris, in pursuit of sports and arts.
340:
At the time, it was not unusual to carry out the donor operation on the prison floor or in the autopsy room. In one interview, Küss "admitted that sometimes the surgeons had to wait ‘like vultures’ for the patient (donor) to die" and that even "one of the donor kidneys was procured from a living
328:
Two operations are particularly considered "historic" by contemporaries. Küss, together with
Charles Dubost and Marceau Servelle, was involved in the first human-to-human extraperitoneal kidney transplant procedure on 12 January 1951. Another two surgeons, Oeconomos and Rougeulle, had previously
454:
Although they worked separately, the simultaneous efforts of Küss and nephrologist Jean
Hamburger are felt by transplant peers including Nobel Prize winner Joseph Murray, to have "largely been forgotten", and they not to have been given "full credit for their work internationally".
36:
372:
Küss established several urology departments at the Paris hospitals, became
General Secretary and in 1952 took up presidency for the Société Internationale d'Urologie, where he remained so until 1985. In order to advance the urology clinic at the University
450:
In 2014, The Board of the
European Association Urology (EAU) Section of Transplantation Urology (ESTU) awarded the first René Küss Prize for original work on renal transplantation. It was presented by Küss's daughter, Ms. Sophie Morello-Küss.
305:, in particular in urinary drainage and vascular reconstructions in transplant cases. This came at a time when urology and vascular surgery were expanding as specialities with new diagnostics, particularly the introduction of
377:, in 1972, he resigned from private practice. He simultaneously established the La Société Francaise de Transplantation. Retiring from clinical duties in 1985, he later, in the 1990s, served as President of the
368:
recalled that Küss "was left with a lifetime xenophobia for xenografts" following this experience. Results remained poor and by 1967, the failure rate amongst the 101 transplants he performed was around 50%.
1145:
285:'s 3rd American army's surgical team across France and into Germany and by "alternately manipulating scalpels and grenades", contributed to the efforts of the
345:, all contributed to poor initial results. By 1952, he was led to believe that America would have the best chance of success by performing the transplants on
1140:
167:
Küss established several urology departments at the Paris hospitals, became
General Secretary and between 1952 and 1985 took up presidency for the
419:. He added to his father's antique and contemporary art collections, subsequently exhibiting them near his second home at the seaside village of
274:
1130:
208:. He grew up with firm morals and responsibilities, being the son of a distinguished and wealthy surgeon who was at one time president of the
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kidney transplant in 1966, both of which ended in abrupt rejection. He later introduced kidney transplantation schedules involving at first
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The second historic operation took place in 1966, by which time irradiation as an immunosuppressive and some basic immunosuppressants,
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Küss died in 2006. An engraved memorial marble lies at the hospital of Pitié‐Salpêtrière where he established a school of urology.
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913:
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patient". Lack of immunosuppressants, poorly preserved donor kidneys, suboptimal state of recipients and lack of post-operative
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381:. He was awarded Commander of the French Legion of Honor and in 2002 became a Medawar Laureate of the Transplantation Society.
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196:, to have "largely been forgotten", and that they have not been given "full credit for their work internationally".
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He was brought up with a deep interest in art and acquainted with eminent
Parisian artists of the time including
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862:
408:. There was one incident in 1954 when he lay comatose for some days following an accident during a race at the
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172:
397:. He eventually married in his mid-forties, at the request of his father, and went on to have four children.
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The
Transplant Imaginary: Mechanical Hearts, Animal Parts, and Moral Thinking in Highly Experimental Science
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277:. On one occasion, he jumped overboard into the "oil-slick-covered sea to rescue crewmen". He received the
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137:, he was involved in two particularly historic transplant operations. The first was a human-to-human
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prior to its annexation by
Germany. His father headed the general surgical department at Paris's
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and contributed to the elaboration of placing a donor kidney into the extraperitoneal space or
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in Paris in 2006, following his death. One part of his collection that including work by
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A miracle and a privilege : recounting a half century of surgical advance 1913-2001
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1053:"Stubendorff wins René Küss Prize for original work on renal transplantation | Uroweb"
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337:, where a kidney would otherwise be discarded. All the grafts were rejected.
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293:. The whole time, he operated on both American and German injured soldiers.
273:, which was bombed and eventually sunk off the coast of North Africa in the
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School of
Medicine and held an appointment as a surgical resident at the
360:, had been introduced. After reading results of experimental studies by
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with the establishment of transplant programs. At a time of unavoidable
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255:
Küss left his early medical training at the age of 26 to enlist in the
927:
908:
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during the Second World War, and subsequently became physician to the
182:
Although they worked separately, the simultaneous efforts of Küss and
318:
205:
574:"The forgotten French: The 'heroic' era of kidney transplantation"
317:
arteries. He developed the Boari-Küss method for elongating the
909:"Surgical Treatment of Hydrocephalus: A Historical Perspective"
1031:"Collection du Professeur René Kuss – Tableaux Impressionnist"
171:. In 1971, he founded the first scientific society devoted to
204:
Küss was born on 3 May 1913 into a
Protestant family from
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757:
755:
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325:, a technique that has continued into the 21st century.
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After the war, Küss made innovations in urology at the
814:"Rene Kuss (1913–2006)-A Transplant Pioneer in Paris"
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77:
66:
58:
50:
42:
23:
16:
French urologist and transplant surgeon (1913–2006)
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1051:Professionals, Sumedia – Online (12 April 2014).
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624:
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764:Starzl, Thomas (2006). Terasaki, Paul I. (ed.).
522:An Illustrated History of Organ Transplantation.
491:Kuss, R; Teinturier, J; Milliez, P (1951). "".
1146:Grand Officers of the Ordre national du Mérite
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989:Moore, Francis D. (Francis Daniels) (1995).
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812:Schultheiss, D; Jardin, A (1 April 2013).
34:
20:
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883:
658:
439:, sold for more than four million Euros.
1081:La Société Francaise de Transplantation
533:
281:for his war efforts. He headed General
275:Scuttling of the French fleet in Toulon
267:as physician-in-chief on the destroyer
189:are felt by transplant peers including
177:La Société Francaise de Transplantation
423:. His art collection was auctioned at
858:"History of Clinical Transplantation"
239:, Paris, under the chief of service,
125:who made pioneering contributions in
7:
709:Starzl, Thomas E. (27 April 2003).
379:French National Academy of Medicine
212:. Küss's grandfather's brother was
1141:Commanders of the Legion of Honour
832:10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.02.029
641:Charpentier, B. (September 2006).
517:Histoire Illustre ́e de L’Urologie
14:
773:. Terasaki Foundation Laboratory.
732:10.1097/01.TP.0000063276.39381.9F
643:"Laudatio to Professor Rene Kuss"
169:Société Internationale d'Urologie
117:(3 May 1913 – 2006) was a French
660:10.1111/j.1432-2277.2006.00334.x
856:Starzl, Thomas E. (July 2000).
512:In addition, he co-authored
389:Among Küss's girlfriends was a
156:, living-related and unrelated
966:University of California Press
144:procedure in 1951 and later a
1:
1131:History of transplant surgery
788:"Renal Medicine: History Of"
579:Journal of Medical Biography
243:, the brother of the author
54:2006 (aged 92–93)
819:Transplantation Proceedings
711:"Introduction of Rene KÜSS"
349:, which in 1954, they did.
1162:
1121:French transplant surgeons
375:Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
333:in a Matson procedure for
958:Sharp, Lesley A. (2013).
907:Rachel, Rivka A. (1999).
767:Clinical Transplants 2006
486:10.1007/978-3-642-66079-5
410:Tour de France Automobile
313:vascular developments on
210:French Academy of Surgery
33:
863:World Journal of Surgery
647:Transplant International
592:10.1177/0967772015608056
218:University of Strasbourg
200:Early life and education
173:transplantation medicine
613:(subscription required)
307:intravenous pyelography
265:attack on Mers-el-Kébir
231:He was educated at the
1106:French medical writers
914:Pediatric Neurosurgery
572:Cooper, David (2017).
429:Henri Toulouse-Lautrec
164:from deceased donors.
131:kidney transplantation
1136:20th-century surgeons
876:10.1007/s002680010124
493:Mem Acad Chir (Paris)
466:Surgery of the Ureter
459:Selected publications
433:Pierre-Auguste Renoir
226:Hôpital de la Charité
216:, a physician at the
997:. Washington, D.C.:
404:and competed in the
393:from the well known
135:transplant rejection
1126:Xenotransplantation
279:War Cross with Palm
233:University of Paris
222:mayor of Strasbourg
107:xenotransplantation
71:University of Paris
1116:French Protestants
999:Joseph Henry Press
792:www.renalmed.co.uk
263:. He survived the
191:Nobel prize winner
154:immunosuppressants
123:transplant surgeon
89:Transplant surgeon
73:School of Medicine
1111:French urologists
975:978-0-520-27796-0
928:10.1159/000028814
499:(22–24): 755–64.
479:978-3-642-66081-8
406:Monte Carlo Rally
287:French resistance
142:kidney transplant
112:
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104:kidney transplant
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471:Springer-Verlag
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347:identical twins
303:Cochin Hospital
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297:Surgical career
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139:extraperitoneal
101:Extraperitoneal
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311:David Hume's
309:in 1937 and
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184:nephrologist
181:
166:
146:pig-to-human
129:surgery and
114:
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18:
1101:2006 deaths
1096:1913 births
400:Küss was a
323:iliac fossa
261:French navy
257:French army
175:in Europe,
150:irradiation
127:renal tract
78:Occupations
59:Nationality
1090:Categories
528:References
425:Christie's
417:Raoul Dufy
214:Émile Küss
160:and later
46:3 May 1913
937:1016-2291
740:0041-1337
669:0934-0874
362:Roy Calne
358:cortisone
119:urologist
115:René Küss
84:Urologist
67:Education
28:René Küss
25:Professor
1017:42329010
945:10494055
894:10833242
840:23622664
677:16918539
608:23448168
600:26512065
505:14874917
473:, 1975,
421:Honfleur
391:showgirl
385:Personal
152:, later
885:3091383
395:Le Lido
315:joining
270:Mogador
1057:Uroweb
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319:ureter
206:Alsace
162:organs
158:donors
62:French
1062:9 May
1036:9 May
797:2 May
771:(PDF)
714:(PDF)
604:S2CID
1064:2018
1038:2018
1013:OCLC
1003:ISBN
970:ISBN
941:PMID
933:ISSN
890:PMID
836:PMID
799:2018
736:ISSN
673:PMID
665:ISSN
596:PMID
501:PMID
475:ISBN
435:and
356:and
121:and
51:Died
43:Born
923:doi
880:PMC
872:doi
828:doi
728:doi
655:doi
588:doi
482:doi
289:to
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868:24
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