31:
224:(since 1913). Then, he became interested in social issues in the field of medicine. As a medical consultant for a large insurance company whose main area of activity was industrial accidents, he gathered knowledge about the situation of workers. He travelled extensively around Belgium to learn about working conditions and occupational hazards.
280:
In 1936, he became a doctor at the criminological institute of the Free
University of Brussels. However, he continued to work in the field of social work. In the permanent organisation that became the International Council on Social Welfare (ICSW). He took the position of ICSW secretary general from
272:
was founded, and he was appointed secretary-general in 1921. In July 1928, he was the chief organiser and secretary-general of the First
International Social Work Conference in Paris. In addition to an extensive edition of conference papers, which were published in three volumes, René Sand gathered
161:
and later became interested in social issues in medicine. He worked for the
Belgian Red Cross during World War I, and after the war, he became an expert on contemporary trends in social work. He founded the first national training institute for social workers in Belgium and was appointed
163:
1254:
819:
565:
595:
353:
In 1954, the René Sand Prize was founded to commemorate his merits, awarded to a social organization or individual every two years for significant contributions to social work.
936:
860:
790:
424:
1089:
1026:
898:
752:
714:
676:
638:
324:
1249:
320:, succeeded in creating the first academic chair for the history of medicine and social medicine at the Free University of Brussels, which he was offered to chair in 1945.
293:
197:. In July 1900, he received his medical degree. Between 1901 and 1904, he worked in hospitals in Brussels. He also practised in hospitals in Berlin and Vienna.
1264:
246:. In it, he demanded the professionalisation of social work. He was also one of the leading figures who rebuilt the Red Cross in Belgium after World War I.
190:
158:
71:
173:
He also played a significant role in creating the World Health
Organization. René Sand died in 1953, and the René Sand Prize was established in his honor.
338:
He was active until the end of his life, and shortly before his death (at the age of 75), he visited the 6th
International Social Work Conference held in
1269:
386:
961:
1047:
539:
327:(IASSW) and became its president from 1946 to 1953. In 1950, he was appointed chairman of the committee of experts whose aim was to create the
1083:
1020:
930:
892:
854:
784:
746:
708:
670:
632:
559:
418:
253:
area. In 1919, with several influential figures in
Belgium, he decided to found the first national training institute for social workers.
589:
189:, and his mother was of French descent. He attended the Institut l'Athénée school in Brussels. He then began studying medicine at the
920:
844:
774:
408:
1073:
1010:
882:
736:
698:
660:
622:
1139:
479:
332:
81:
982:
Zylberman, P. (1 April 2004). "Fewer
Parallels than Antitheses: Rene Sand and Andrija Stampar on Social Medicine, 1919-1955".
281:
1928 to 1932. He participated in the organization of the Second
International Conference of Social Work, which took place in
238:
In 1916, he returned to
Belgium, and after the war's end, he travelled several times to the United States, where he analysed
1167:
514:
269:
115:
1259:
776:
Medical histories of
Belgium: New narratives on health, care and citizenship in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
453:
313:
286:
328:
167:
151:
119:
30:
382:
317:
316:). He was freed on 29 April 1945 by American troops. He returned to Brussels and, with the support of the
957:
239:
383:"René Sand (1877-1953) and His Contribution to International Social Work, IASSW-President 1946 – 1953"
1279:
1274:
1051:
482:
René Sand (1877-1953) and His Contribution to International Social Work, IASSW-President 1946 – 1953
193:, where he won a prize in the university competition in 1898. He studied single-celled organisms in
273:
his knowledge of international social work and its contemporary trends in the author's publication
146:(3 January 1877 in Brussels - 23 August 1953) was a Belgian doctor, social worker, promoter of
1226:
1208:
1131:
1079:
1016:
926:
888:
850:
780:
742:
704:
666:
628:
555:
551:
414:
232:
111:
1216:
1200:
1123:
991:
547:
262:
147:
99:
261:) was founded in Brussels. In 1924 he went to Chile, where he gave lectures on issues of
1221:
1188:
1111:
487:
1243:
811:
235:(in an outpatient clinic). Then he went to the Belgian Military Hospital in London.
250:
277:
from 1931. In the interwar period, he developed an extensive publishing activity.
1161:
508:
228:
212:
Sand quickly became a member of several national learned societies, such as the
301:
186:
1212:
1135:
181:
René Sand was born on 3 January 1877 and grew up in the Brussels district of
1204:
361:
In 1900, he married Marie-Thérèse Joris, and had three sons and a daughter.
282:
249:
Over time, he became an expert on contemporary trends in social work in the
204:, after which he was offered a position at the Free University of Brussels.
1230:
231:
interrupted his career. At the beginning of the conflict, he worked at the
995:
445:
884:
International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World
846:
International Social Work: Professional Action in an Interdependent World
347:
194:
166:
in 1921. Sand was arrested by the Gestapo in September 1944 and sent to
339:
331:(WHO), to which he made a significant contribution and was awarded the
305:
297:
182:
44:
410:
René Sand (1877-1953) – Weltbürger der internationalen Sozialen Arbeit
1075:
Comrades in Health: U.S. Health Internationalists, Abroad and at Home
285:
in 1932. From 1930 to the outbreak of World War II, he worked at the
132:
Les fiber pyramidales cortico-bulbaires et cortico-protubérantielles
126:
594:. Bureau of Information of the League of Red Cross Societies. 1935.
202:
Les fibre pyramidales cortico-bulbaires et cortico-protubérantielles
1127:
309:
218:
Société royale des Sciences medicales et naturelles de Bruxelles.
1009:
Cueto, Marcos; Brown, Theodore M.; Fee, Elizabeth (2019-04-11).
662:
Poor Health: Social Inequality before and after the Black Report
300:
in September 1944. Together with his son-in-law, he was sent to
814:
Wnioski płynące z I Międzynarodowej Konferencji Pracy Socjalnej
700:
Social Medicine and Medical Sociology in the Twentieth Century
255:
This is how the Ecole centrale d'application de service social
922:
Heredity and Infection: The History of Disease Transmission
1193:
American Journal of Public Health and the Nation's Health
1072:
Birn, Anne-Emanuelle; Brown, Theodore M. (2013-07-02).
480:"Social Work and Society International Online Journal,
773:
Vandendriessche, Joris; Majerus, Benoît (2021-11-16).
220:
At that time, he was the founder and secretary of the
296:, he lost his professorship and was arrested by the
170:. He was freed on 29 April 1945 by American troops.
346:in 1952. He died unexpectedly on 23 August 1953 in
325:
International Association of Schools of Social Work
244:
La bienfaisance d'hier et la bienfaisance de demain
125:
105:
95:
77:
67:
51:
37:
21:
919:Gaudilliére, Jean-Paul; Löwy, Ilana (2012-11-12).
843:Healy, Lynne Moore; Thomas, Rebecca Leela (2020).
242:. In 1919, he published his thoughts in the work
659:Berridge, Virginia; Blume, Stuart (2013-07-04).
265:and initiated social education in that country.
1255:Free University of Brussels (1834–1969) alumni
8:
958:"René Sand (Belgium), President 1946 – 1953"
1112:"The Advance to Social Medicine. René Sand"
200:In 1903, Sand defended his thesis entitled
29:
18:
1220:
304:near Cologne, and then was imprisoned in
1012:The World Health Organization: A History
1250:Léon Bernard Foundation Prize laureates
735:Elling, Ray H.; Sokolowska, Magdalena.
552:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.1118
369:
474:
472:
470:
838:
836:
413:(in German). Verlag Barbara Budrich.
222:Association Belge de Médecine Sociale
7:
616:
614:
612:
584:
582:
533:
531:
377:
375:
373:
323:Sand was one of the founders of the
275:Le service social à travers le monde
214:Societe de Médecine légale de France
1265:World Health Organization officials
624:The World Health Organization (WHO)
510:Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
342:and published his well-known book
14:
1270:Nazi concentration camp survivors
259:Institut d'études sociales d'Etat
1199:(11): 1476–1477. November 1953.
1170:from the original on 2023-03-25
1142:from the original on 2023-01-21
1110:Madison, Bernice (1952-09-01).
1092:from the original on 2023-03-25
1029:from the original on 2023-03-25
964:from the original on 2023-01-21
939:from the original on 2023-03-25
901:from the original on 2023-03-25
863:from the original on 2023-03-25
822:from the original on 2023-01-20
793:from the original on 2023-03-25
779:. Manchester University Press.
755:from the original on 2023-03-25
717:from the original on 2023-03-25
679:from the original on 2023-03-25
641:from the original on 2023-03-25
598:from the original on 2023-03-25
568:from the original on 2023-03-25
517:from the original on 2023-03-25
456:from the original on 2023-01-21
427:from the original on 2023-03-25
389:from the original on 2023-01-21
185:. His father's family was from
1163:The Advance to Social Medicine
1048:"WHO | Previous prize winners"
1015:. Cambridge University Press.
407:Eilers, Kerstin (2011-05-30).
344:The Advance to Social Medicine
1:
333:Léon Bernard Foundation Prize
270:League of Red Cross Societies
164:League of Red Cross Societies
157:Sand studied medicine at the
116:League of Red Cross Societies
82:Léon Bernard Foundation Prize
1078:. Rutgers University Press.
1050:. 2004-09-25. Archived from
738:Medical Sociologists at work
538:Hegge, Gloria (2013-08-01).
294:German occupation of Belgium
887:. Oxford University Press.
849:. Oxford University Press.
544:Encyclopedia of Social Work
191:Free University of Brussels
159:Free University of Brussels
109:Free University of Brussels
72:Free University of Brussels
1296:
984:Social History of Medicine
741:. Transaction Publishers.
621:Lee, Kelley (2008-08-21).
287:Belgian Ministry of Health
16:Belgian doctor (1877-1953)
329:World Health Organization
168:Dachau concentration camp
162:secretary-general of the
152:World Health Organization
137:
120:World Health Organization
88:
28:
881:Healy, Lynne M. (2001).
697:Porter, Dorothy (1997).
177:Early life and education
1205:10.2105/AJPH.43.11.1476
446:"René Sand (1877-1953)"
318:Rockefeller Foundation
1116:Social Service Review
314:subcamp of KL Dachau
150:, and co-founder of
1160:Sand, René (1952).
996:10.1093/shm/17.1.77
591:The Red Cross World
513:. Macmillan. 1935.
1260:Belgian physicians
1166:. Staples Press.
1085:978-0-8135-6122-6
1022:978-1-108-48357-5
932:978-1-135-13861-5
894:978-0-19-512446-0
856:978-0-19-092225-2
812:"Joseph Kuilema,
786:978-1-5261-5654-9
748:978-1-4128-2841-3
710:978-90-420-0356-9
672:978-1-135-29225-6
634:978-1-134-19988-4
561:978-0-19-997583-9
420:978-3-8474-1378-3
283:Frankfurt am Main
233:Belgian Red Cross
141:
140:
112:Belgian Red Cross
90:Scientific career
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1235:
1234:
1224:
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1038:
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999:
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954:
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947:
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916:
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906:
878:
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871:
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828:
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656:
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586:
577:
576:
574:
573:
535:
526:
525:
523:
522:
505:
499:
498:
496:
495:
486:. Archived from
476:
465:
464:
462:
461:
442:
436:
435:
433:
432:
404:
398:
397:
395:
394:
379:
227:The outbreak of
58:
33:
19:
1295:
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1290:
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439:
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406:
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401:
392:
390:
381:
380:
371:
367:
359:
263:social medicine
210:
179:
148:social medicine
118:
114:
110:
100:Social Medicine
68:Alma mater
63:
60:
56:
47:
42:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1293:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
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1257:
1252:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1180:
1152:
1128:10.1086/638947
1122:(3): 367–368.
1102:
1084:
1064:
1039:
1021:
1001:
974:
960:. 2008-01-01.
949:
931:
911:
893:
873:
855:
832:
803:
785:
765:
747:
727:
709:
689:
671:
651:
633:
608:
578:
560:
527:
500:
466:
437:
419:
399:
368:
366:
363:
358:
355:
209:
206:
178:
175:
139:
138:
135:
134:
129:
123:
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107:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
86:
85:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
61:
59:(aged 76)
55:23 August 1953
53:
49:
48:
43:
41:3 January 1877
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1292:
1281:
1278:
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1268:
1266:
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1228:
1223:
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1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
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1184:
1181:
1169:
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1164:
1156:
1153:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1065:
1054:on 2004-09-25
1053:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1002:
997:
993:
989:
985:
978:
975:
963:
959:
953:
950:
938:
934:
928:
925:. Routledge.
924:
923:
915:
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896:
890:
886:
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862:
858:
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848:
847:
839:
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821:
817:
815:
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792:
788:
782:
778:
777:
769:
766:
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750:
744:
740:
739:
731:
728:
716:
712:
706:
702:
701:
693:
690:
678:
674:
668:
665:. Routledge.
664:
663:
655:
652:
640:
636:
630:
627:. Routledge.
626:
625:
617:
615:
613:
609:
597:
593:
592:
585:
583:
579:
567:
563:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
534:
532:
528:
516:
512:
511:
504:
501:
490:on 2019-06-03
489:
485:
483:
475:
473:
471:
467:
455:
452:(in French).
451:
447:
441:
438:
426:
422:
416:
412:
411:
403:
400:
388:
384:
378:
376:
374:
370:
364:
362:
357:Personal life
356:
354:
351:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
278:
276:
271:
268:In 1919, the
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
241:
236:
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230:
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219:
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83:
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76:
73:
70:
66:
54:
50:
46:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
1196:
1192:
1183:
1172:. Retrieved
1162:
1155:
1144:. Retrieved
1119:
1115:
1105:
1094:. Retrieved
1074:
1067:
1056:. Retrieved
1052:the original
1042:
1031:. Retrieved
1011:
1004:
990:(1): 77–92.
987:
983:
977:
966:. Retrieved
952:
941:. Retrieved
921:
914:
903:. Retrieved
883:
876:
865:. Retrieved
845:
824:. Retrieved
813:
806:
795:. Retrieved
775:
768:
757:. Retrieved
737:
730:
719:. Retrieved
699:
692:
681:. Retrieved
661:
654:
643:. Retrieved
623:
600:. Retrieved
590:
570:. Retrieved
543:
540:"Sand, Rene"
519:. Retrieved
509:
503:
492:. Retrieved
488:the original
481:
458:. Retrieved
449:
440:
429:. Retrieved
409:
402:
391:. Retrieved
360:
352:
343:
337:
322:
291:
279:
274:
267:
258:
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243:
237:
226:
221:
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199:
180:
172:
156:
143:
142:
131:
106:Institutions
89:
57:(1953-08-23)
1280:1953 deaths
1275:1877 births
1189:"RENE SAND"
450:data.bnf.fr
292:Due to the
251:Anglo-Saxon
229:World War I
1244:Categories
1174:2023-01-21
1146:2023-01-21
1096:2023-01-21
1058:2022-12-17
1033:2023-01-21
968:2023-01-21
943:2023-01-21
905:2023-01-21
867:2023-01-21
826:2023-01-20
797:2023-01-21
759:2023-01-21
721:2023-01-21
703:. Rodopi.
683:2023-01-21
645:2023-01-21
602:2023-01-21
572:2023-01-21
521:2023-01-21
494:2019-06-03
460:2023-01-21
431:2023-01-21
393:2023-01-21
365:References
302:Brauweiler
187:Luxembourg
1213:0002-9572
1136:0037-7961
335:in 1951.
240:Taylorism
144:René Sand
23:René Sand
1231:13104711
1168:Archived
1140:Archived
1090:Archived
1027:Archived
962:Archived
937:Archived
899:Archived
861:Archived
820:Archived
791:Archived
753:Archived
715:Archived
677:Archived
639:Archived
596:Archived
566:Archived
515:Archived
454:Archived
425:Archived
387:Archived
348:Brussels
257:(later:
195:Brittany
62:Brussels
1222:1620427
306:Plansee
298:Gestapo
183:Ixelles
45:Ixelles
1229:
1219:
1211:
1134:
1082:
1019:
929:
891:
853:
783:
745:
707:
669:
631:
558:
417:
340:Madras
208:Career
127:Thesis
96:Fields
84:(1951)
78:Awards
310:Tyrol
1227:PMID
1209:ISSN
1132:ISSN
1080:ISBN
1017:ISBN
927:ISBN
889:ISBN
851:ISBN
781:ISBN
743:ISBN
705:ISBN
667:ISBN
629:ISBN
556:ISBN
415:ISBN
216:and
52:Died
38:Born
1217:PMC
1201:doi
1124:doi
992:doi
548:doi
1246::
1225:.
1215:.
1207:.
1197:43
1195:.
1191:.
1138:.
1130:.
1120:26
1118:.
1114:.
1088:.
1025:.
988:17
986:.
935:.
897:.
859:.
835:^
818:.
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