183:
attractive to the small and medium-size navies of the late 19th century, since they offered the status of big guns without the cost of large warships. This may account for some of the later vessels carrying monstrous 15- and 16-inch guns; flat-irons armed in this fashion were not used for long, probably because their weapons were all but useless except against a stationary target in a flat calm. The defining failure of flat-iron gunboats as coastal defence weapons was in China, where
British-built gunboats were used against the French, at the
794:
774:
262:
150:). No rigging of any sort was provided, and twin screws were fitted, allowing for a much reduced draught while at the same time making them highly manoeuvrable. Top speed would have been less than 9 knots (17 km/h), but they were designed to be towed at considerably higher speeds than they were capable of making under their own power. The crew would have numbered about 30 men. Larger variations were built, with the German
1040:
920:
1790:
1670:
1854:
coastal defence systems." The Royal Navy listed them as "Gunboats for the Attack and
Defence of Coasts" in its confidential Pink List. Due to their lack of speed and limited armament they were of little value in defence of a coast or harbour, but they were ideally suited for bombardment of shore fortifications where the Royal Navy enjoyed complete command of the sea.
251:
117:
146:, a massive 16-inch weapon). The gun, which was mounted at the bow, was designed to be raised and lowered on a hydraulic mechanism so that stability would not be compromised when making sea passages. The gun was aimed by pointing the whole vessel, since the mounting allowed for elevation but not traversing (in the manner of an enormous
199:, but missed her. Immediately the guns of the fleet were concentrated upon this luckless craft, and the torrent of descending and exploding shells was so great that it literally stopped her way. Two minutes she remained almost stationary, a helpless target; then, with a crash, her magazine exploded, and she dived headlong to the bottom.
1805:
had two classes of flat-iron gunboats built in the 1870s and 1880s, and several one-off prototypes. As built they were equipped with a single 9- or 10-inch muzzle-loading rifled gun (MLR). They were of sound construction, and many stayed in service in support roles, with a number ending up as gunnery
1318:
Two gunboats were commissioned from
Armstrongs in 1875, but appear to have been heavily sparred, single-screw iron gunboats with an extensive sail area. Their short, broad dimensions and single large gun cause them to be taken for flat-irons, but illustrations show that they are not of the same type.
1153:
Italy built two Rendel gunboats at Spezia
Dockyard in 1874. In the late 1880s 2 large Rendel gunboats were designed and built by Armstrong Mitchell & Co.'s Elswick Works to a contract by the Italian War Ministry. They were constructed in Elswick's Tyneside yard in the United Kingdom, disassembled
64:
The first flat-iron gunboat was launched in 1867, and the last in 1894, with the vast majority being built in the years 1870 - 1880. They were designed as a cheap coastal defence weapon, a role they failed to achieve successfully; they found their greatest utility in offensive coastal bombardment.
1853:
later argued powerfully that they were designed for coastal assault as successors to the gunboats of the
Crimean War "Great Armament", and that they succeeded in their deterrent role. He describes them as a "part of a sophisticated, layered approach to the tactical problem of defeating large-scale
182:
Few other navies of the time could hope to exercise much more than local sea control for limited periods, and these vessels were of limited use for shore bombardment in the hands of smaller or less effective operators. Nevertheless, these small vessels with their powerful punch were clearly
28:
154:
displacing as much as 1,157 tons. Masted versions were produced, particularly for navies with inadequate coaling facilities and long coastlines, and commensurate with an increase in displacement, armament and rigging, crews increased to match, with the
1684:-class gunboats were also constructed which had a brig rig (later replaced by a ship rig, and later still de-rigged). They were armed with a single 9-inch gun and a single 6-inch gun aft. Visually they were very similar to the British
138:
A typical flat-iron gunboat displaced about 250 tons, had a length of less than 100 feet (30 m) and drew only 6 feet (1.8 m). It was armed with a single large gun (normally 10 to 12 inches, but in the case of the
Italian
817:
Five boats in three classes were built in Danish shipyards in 1874 to 1876. Three were decommissioned at the turn of the 20th century, and the other two were decommissioned after World War I having served as repair ships.
162:
The original design was intended for defensive coastal operations, but was employed by the Royal Navy largely for offensive coastal bombardment, and in this sense was a natural successor to the
Crimean gunboats of the
103:
was put in charge of the new venture, and the vessels designed under his leadership were based on a small craft used by the
Armstrong factory to test heavy guns. With the assistance of the leading gunnery expert
212:
In contrast to their failure as coastal defence gunboats, the occasions when they were used for coastal bombardment were more successful; Argentine gunboats were used in 1890 to bombard rebels during the
2829:
1858:
191:. In general the flat-iron gunboats found themselves outmanoeuvred and smothered by shellfire from the more stable enemy cruisers; many failed to get off more than one or two shots.
237:. According to Professor Andrew Lambert the Royal Navy flat-irons succeeded in their task of deterrence, and were a key asset to the capability of coastal offensive operations.
2230:
By coincidence, the manager of the
Armstrong's Pozzuoli works was George Rendel, who had taken on the position in the hope that the warm Italian weather would improve his health.
53:, the absence of masts, and the mounting of a single non-traversing large gun, aimed by pointing the vessel. They acquired their nickname from the physical similarity with the
550:, thus becoming known as the "alphabetical" gunboats. Although quickly given Chinese names, the class names seem to have stuck. A further pseudo-Rendel gunboat (
1241:
Japan captured six Rendel gunboats from China on 12 February 1895 at the Battle of
Weihaiwei. They were listed for disposal in 1906 and broken up by 1907.
793:
1051:
1327:
Thirty-one flat-iron gunboats were built in the Dutch shipyards Christie, Nolet & De Kuyper and Feijenoord Mij in the years 1870 to 1880.
2892:
2873:
2795:
2745:
2697:
2569:
2380:
2279:, and both were later taken into the Royal Navy. Their armament in military service may have changed over the years; both became tenders to
2124:
1840:, took part in a bombardment of the Belgian coast. The majority of the flat-iron gunboats had been scrapped before the mid-20th century but
65:
Strongly built, they lasted in some cases into the late 20th century, and saw action in both World Wars. The hull of the British flat-iron
1444:
Eight flat-iron gunboats were built to a British design in Norwegian shipyards. They were all refitted as minelayers before World War I.
773:
276:
purchased a number of gunboats for coastal defence during the 1880s, and while they were described as "flat-irons", they were masted, and
2280:
518:
The Chilean government entered into talks to purchase two vessels similar to the Argentine units, but did not see the purchase through.
2141:
class were a development of the flat-iron concept which resulted in an iron coastal gunboat fitted with three masts and carrying three
2640:
2546:
Ironclads in action; a sketch of naval warfare from 1855 to 1895, with some account of the development of the battleship in England
2465:
Ironclads in action; a sketch of naval warfare from 1855 to 1895, with some account of the development of the battleship in England
1849:
For many years it was assumed that the Royal Navy flat-irons were a failure at their perceived role of coastal defence. Professor
2859:
2146:
2128:
441:(bombarders) in Argentina, they were later variously employed as tankers, transports and pontoons, in some cases into the 1950s.
571:
96:
2291:
2156:
2097:
2592:
2316:
625:
132:
2142:
554:) was built locally to the lines of the "alphabetical" flat-irons, but constructed from wood sheathed in iron.
1454:
they survived WWII. They were gradually decommissioned by the Royal Norwegian Navy after World War II, but the
1059:
426:
218:
100:
2019:
1448:
was decommissioned in 1932, but the others were all captured by Germany in 1940, and with the exception of
2221:
Not strictly a flat-iron. Built of wood sheathed with iron in imitation of the "alphabetical" flat-irons.
1954:
214:
80:
2294:; it is likely this would have changed to allow training on the latest weapons as they came into service.
2212:
class and at least some of the Chinese alphabeticals); they are included in the article for completeness
1901:
1883:
1807:
1209:
363:
140:
99:, whereby Mitchell’s shipyard would build warships and Armstrong’s company would provide the armaments.
32:
2079:
1911:
2049:
1841:
1993:
1963:
1541:
574:
against the Japanese in 1894. Eight Chinese flat-iron gunboats were sunk or captured by Japan at the
50:
179:, a situation which the Royal Navy could impose by virtue of its battlefleet throughout the period.
2924:
2071:
1416:
986:
575:
188:
151:
92:
2469:
1489:
1449:
1393:
935:
337:
176:
2929:
2888:
2869:
2791:
2741:
2693:
2636:
2565:
2559:
2386:
2376:
1936:
1515:
125:
105:
2251:
563:
526:
Between 1875 and 1880 China purchased 13 flat-iron gunboats from Britain and built another (
261:
184:
70:
54:
2830:"Report of Maritime Archaeological Survey: The Myers Slip Vessel (Suspected Remains of HMS
2502:
567:
172:
49:) were a number of classes of coastal gunboats generally characterised by small size, low
2463:
2864:
2450:
2247:
1850:
1055:
539:
422:
273:
164:
2242:
was captured by invading German army, used to mine the entrance to the Norwegian-held
1347:
class lasted long enough to be sunk or captured by the advancing German army in 1940.
1039:
2918:
1701:
389:
2243:
1789:
195:
At 2.08 a Rendel gunboat came round Pagoda Point, and fired her 16-ton gun at the
108:, he turned these craft into a gunboat designed for defensive coastal operations.
27:
2735:
2687:
1063:
919:
311:
234:
168:
2324:
1802:
1669:
17:
2558:
Roger Chesneau; Roger Chesneau Eugène M. Koleśnik; N. J. M. Campbell (1979).
2171:
2158:
1806:
tenders, lighters, tank vessels and dredgers. One notable gunnery tender was
2631:
Brook, Peter. "Armstrongs and the Italian Navy" from Preston, Antony (ed.).
2390:
2102:
Built for the Ordnance Department and transferred to the Royal Navy in 1901
1697:
1071:
1573:
Russia built ten Rendel gunboats in three classes between 1874 and 1881.
1155:
948:
531:
147:
2373:
The Sail and Steam Navy List: All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815–1889
1067:
250:
58:
1663:
3.4-inch guns replaced by 2½-pounders. Scrapped between 1902 and 1907
116:
952:
2149:
described them as "the most grotesque craft ever seen". The hull of
1074:
net barrage during World War I and were scrapped after World War I.
2074:
in 1884 to the Royal Navy after trialling a 13.5-inch gun mounting
2865:
Send a Gunboat: The Victorian Navy and Supremacy at Sea, 1854–1904
1788:
1668:
1038:
918:
260:
249:
115:
26:
2593:"A history of military equipment of Modern Greece (1821 - today)"
2451:
Historia y ArqueologĂa MarĂtima - Los Cañoneros Rendell (Spanish)
1154:
and shipped to Italy for reassembly in the Armstrong facility at
233:) were part of the force that bombarded the Belgian coast during
2686:
Hansgeorg Jentschura; Dieter Jung; Peter Mickel (1 April 1999).
2828:
Nathan Richards; Calvin Mires; Joseph C. Hoyt; Peter Campbell.
1846:
survived until she was broken up in 2008 amid safety concerns.
1812:, which was rearmed prior to World War One. During World War I
645:
Built at Shanghai. Destroyed at Weihaiwei by the Japanese Navy
2275:
were designed for testing the 13.5-inch main armament of the
504:
9.4-inch (240 mm) MLR & 2 Ă— 3-inch (76 mm) guns
480:
9.4-inch (240 mm) MLR & 2 Ă— 3-inch (76 mm) guns
2250:
on 1 May 1940. She was scuttled by her German-held sister,
280:
was almost the size of a light cruiser. The remains of both
69:
lies in shallow water off Bermuda. The Norwegian flat-iron
1335:
class were nearly all decommissioned before World War II (
538:
class, the British-built boats were given names from the
429:, Greenwich, in 1875; they were grouped in two classes:
1859:
List of gunboat and gunvessel classes of the Royal Navy
2910:(1). International Naval Research Organisation: 49–78.
2044:
class, but longer and employing steel instead of iron
381:
8-inch (12.5-ton) BL, 5 Ă— 6-in (4-ton) BLs, 4 Ă— 3-pdrs
2681:
2679:
2677:
570:. Four Chinese Rendel gunboats also took part in the
217:, Greek gunboats bombarded Turkish forces during the
2635:. London: Conway Maritime Press, 2003. pp. 108-110.
2123:
were built in the 1880s for testing the mounting of
2115:
were essentially prototypes built in 1867 and 1870.
1230:
Converted to barges and scrapped in 1911 & 1925
2902:Anderson, Richard M (1976). "The Rendel Gunboats".
2246:, and bombed by a Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service
1984:Identical to, and sometimes listed as part of the
1408:11-inch (280 mm), 1 Ă— 2-inch & 3 Ă— 1-pdrs
1050:In 1881 Greece had 2 Rendel gunboats built at the
95:signed an agreement with a local shipbuilder, Dr.
2689:Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945
2651:
2649:
2561:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905
2468:. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. p.
421:Argentina purchased four flat-iron gunboats from
1339:was retained until 1960 as a training ship, and
764:Two captured at Weihaiwei by the Japanese Navy
193:
2548:, Sampson Low, Marston & Co, London. 1896.
2143:6.3-inch 64-pounder rifled muzzle-loading guns
8:
2729:
2727:
2725:
959:, was lost in 1910. Two smaller gunboats of
905:10-inch (250 mm), 2 Ă— 2-pdrs, 1 Ă— 1-pdr
881:10-inch (250 mm), 2 Ă— 2-pdrs, 1 Ă— 1-pdr
716:Destroyed at Weihaiwei by the Japanese Navy
407:8-inch (12.5-ton) BL & 6-inch (4-ton) BL
2786:Jordan, John, ed. (2009), "Warship notes",
2507:Historia y Arqueologia MarĂtima (Histarmar)
2323:(in German). Wilhelm Langes. Archived from
740:Captured at Weihaiwei by the Japanese Navy
1462:was still operating as the civilian ferry
620:Destroyed at the Battle of Fuzhou in 1884
2264:
2262:
1052:Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company
2692:. Arms & Armour Press. p. 117.
2627:
2625:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2153:remains visible on satellite imagery at
1862:
1706:
1575:
1468:
1349:
1243:
1160:
1076:
965:
820:
580:
443:
355:10-inch (25-ton) BL & 2 Ă— 13-pdr BLs
290:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2307:
2193:
769:
2564:. Conway Maritime Press. p. 261.
1431:11-inch (280 mm) & 3 Ă— 1-pdrs
1307:Captured from China. Rearmed as shown
1283:Captured from China. Rearmed as shown
939:) built eleven large Rendel gunboats (
857:10-inch (250 mm) & 4 Ă— 1-pdrs
2446:
2317:"Fjordfähren in Norwegen: Bjørn-West"
7:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
175:. Operations of this nature require
2734:Anthony John Watts (October 1990).
2503:"LOS CAĂ‘ONEROS RENDELL - ARGENTINA"
2286:, the Royal Navy's gunnery school.
1743:9.4-inch (240 mm) or 10.6-inch
1696:Sweden built 10 Rendel gunboats in
1660:11-inch (280 mm), 2 Ă— 3.4-inch
1536:Refitted as minelayers before WWI.
1510:Refitted as minelayers before WWI.
1227:16-inch (410 mm), 1 Ă— 1.5-inch
75:remains in service under the name
25:
1304:11-inch (280 mm), 2 Ă— 3-inch
1280:11-inch (280 mm), 2 Ă— 3-inch
1139:11-inch (280 mm), 1 Ă— 6-inch
1112:11-inch (280 mm), 1 Ă— 6-inch
761:15-inch (380 mm), 2 Ă— 12-pdr
737:15-inch (380 mm), 2 Ă— 12-pdr
61:clothes during the 19th century.
2868:(2nd ed.). London: Conway.
2290:was armed at one stage with the
963:class were built later in 1884.
955:between 1875 and 1881. One, SMS
792:
772:
566:in 1884 at the beginning of the
2371:Winfield, R.; Lyon, D. (2004).
2204:fitted with masts (the British
1466:100 years after she was built.
860:Scrapped between 1912 and 1919
272:The Australian colonies of the
93:Sir W G Armstrong & Company
2375:. London: Chatham Publishing.
2014:Fitted with a barquentine rig
1054:for the shallow waters of the
1:
1906:The first flat-iron gunboat.
1319:They were scrapped in 1920.
257:beached off Woody Point, 2006
106:Admiral Sir Astley Cooper-Key
83:in May 2014 for restoration.
2790:, Anova Books, p. 170,
2883:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2001).
1028:Decommissioned 1903 - 1907
1004:Decommissioned 1909 - 1911
187:, and the Japanese, at the
2946:
2839:. East Carolina University
2200:Some Rendel-type gunboats
1856:
1343:sank in 1902). Ten of the
1119:in 1889. Scrapped in 1919
1058:. They saw action in the
133:William Frederick Mitchell
79:, at last report entering
2737:The Imperial Russian Navy
2067:7.5-inch & 1 Ă— 4-inch
1828:from 1891), and possibly
1060:Greco-Turkish War of 1897
427:J & G Rennie & Co
219:Greco-Turkish War of 1897
45:(more formally known as
2885:Naval warfare, 1815-1914
2509:(in Spanish). Carlos Mey
2501:Osvaldo, SĂdoli (2009).
572:Battle of the Yalu River
129:-class flat-iron gunboat
1704:between 1868 and 1876.
1562:Decommissioned in 1932
1507:10.5-inch (270 mm)
693:Decommissioned in 1905
2862:; Major, John (2007).
2172:32.375750°N 64.68694°W
1798:
1771:9.4-inch (240 mm)
1677:
1559:8.2-inch (210 mm)
1197:8.2-inch (210 mm)
1047:
1025:8.3-inch (210 mm)
930:
642:6.7-inch (170 mm)
288:remain visible today.
269:
258:
215:Revolution of the Park
210:
159:class needing 76 men.
135:
39:
38:(right, painted white)
31:The flat-iron gunboat
2904:Warship International
2834:), Bermuda, May 2008"
2321:Wagenfähren in Europa
1792:
1672:
1612:11-inch (280 mm)
1533:10-inch (250 mm)
1042:
1001:12-inch (300 mm)
922:
713:15-inch (380 mm)
690:15-inch (380 mm)
666:11-inch (280 mm)
617:10-inch (250 mm)
268:at Heron Island, 2008
264:
253:
119:
30:
2462:Wilson, H W (1896).
2177:32.375750; -64.68694
1981:10-inch (18-ton) MLR
1955:10-inch (18-ton) MLR
1673:The Russian gunboat
1636:6-inch (150 mm)
1417:Wodan-class gunboats
987:Wespe-class gunboats
329:8-inch (12.5-ton) BL
152:Wespe-class gunboats
2740:. Arms and Armour.
2354:Preston, pp.10 - 11
2208:class, the Russian
2168: /
2145:. Naval historian
1929:9-inch (12-ton) MLR
1902:9-inch (12-ton) MLR
1394:Ever-class gunboats
926:-class gunboat SMS
576:battle of Weihaiwei
206:Ironclads in action
189:Battle of Weihaiwei
2767:Preston pp.77 - 78
2420:Preston pp.162-166
2132:-class battleships
2072:Armstrong Mitchell
1799:
1678:
1388:Sold in July 1906
1048:
936:Kaiserliche Marine
931:
507:Scrapped in 1950s
483:Scrapped in 1930s
410:Armstrong type B1
384:Armstrong type F1
332:Armstrong type B1
270:
259:
177:command of the sea
136:
43:Flat-iron gunboats
40:
2894:978-0-415-21478-0
2875:978-0-85177-923-2
2797:978-1-84486-089-0
2747:978-0-85368-912-6
2699:978-1-85409-525-1
2633:Warship 2002-2003
2571:978-0-85177-133-5
2382:978-1-86176-032-6
2315:Langes, Wilhelm.
2292:9.2-inch BL Mk IX
2127:intended for the
2106:
2105:
1782:
1781:
1667:
1666:
1639:Scrapped in 1888
1615:Scrapped in 1906
1566:
1565:
1437:
1436:
1411:Scrapped in 1911
1311:
1310:
1234:
1233:
1146:
1145:
1142:Scrapped in 1931
1032:
1031:
941:Panzerkanonenboot
933:The German Navy (
912:
911:
908:Scrapped in 1918
884:Scrapped in 1901
768:
767:
669:Scrapped in 1895
562:were lost in the
511:
510:
425:, Birkenhead and
414:
413:
358:Armstrong type D
16:(Redirected from
2937:
2911:
2898:
2879:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2838:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2731:
2720:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2683:
2672:
2669:
2656:
2653:
2644:
2629:
2620:
2617:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2555:
2549:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2483:
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2474:
2473:
2459:
2453:
2448:
2421:
2418:
2395:
2394:
2368:
2355:
2352:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2312:
2295:
2266:
2257:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2213:
2198:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2011:3 Ă— 6.3-inch MLR
1863:
1707:
1576:
1469:
1350:
1244:
1161:
1077:
966:
821:
796:
776:
581:
564:Battle of Fuzhou
534:. After the two
444:
437:. Described as
291:
208:
185:Battle of Fuzhou
97:Charles Mitchell
81:Eidsvik shipyard
21:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2915:
2914:
2901:
2895:
2882:
2876:
2860:Preston, Antony
2858:
2852:
2851:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2733:
2732:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2685:
2684:
2675:
2670:
2659:
2654:
2647:
2630:
2623:
2618:
2607:
2598:
2596:
2591:
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2586:
2576:
2574:
2572:
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2556:
2552:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2512:
2510:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2424:
2419:
2398:
2383:
2370:
2369:
2358:
2353:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2277:Royal Sovereign
2267:
2260:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2130:Royal Sovereign
2094:
2089:
2064:
2059:
2034:
2029:
2008:
2003:
1978:
1973:
1951:
1946:
1926:
1921:
1898:
1893:
1861:
1787:
1768:
1763:
1740:
1735:
1694:
1657:
1652:
1633:
1628:
1609:
1604:
1571:
1556:
1551:
1530:
1525:
1504:
1499:
1458:-class gunboat
1442:
1428:
1423:
1405:
1400:
1382:
1377:
1325:
1316:
1301:
1296:
1277:
1272:
1239:
1224:
1219:
1194:
1189:
1151:
1136:
1131:
1109:
1104:
1037:
1022:
1017:
998:
993:
917:
902:
897:
878:
873:
854:
849:
815:
808:
803:-class gunboat
797:
788:
783:-class gunboat
777:
758:
753:
734:
729:
710:
705:
687:
682:
663:
658:
639:
634:
614:
609:
568:Sino-French War
524:
516:
501:
496:
477:
472:
419:
404:
399:
378:
373:
352:
347:
326:
321:
248:
243:
209:
203:
173:Napoleonic Wars
114:
89:
47:Rendel gunboats
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2943:
2941:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2899:
2893:
2880:
2874:
2850:
2849:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2796:
2778:
2776:Anderson, p.53
2769:
2760:
2746:
2721:
2719:Anderson, p.60
2712:
2698:
2673:
2671:Anderson, p.78
2657:
2655:Anderson, p.58
2645:
2621:
2619:Anderson, p.68
2605:
2595:. 5 March 2011
2584:
2570:
2550:
2537:
2535:Sondhaus p.152
2528:
2526:Sondhaus p.133
2519:
2493:
2491:Sondhaus p.153
2484:
2475:
2454:
2422:
2396:
2381:
2356:
2338:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2258:
2248:Heinkel He 115
2232:
2223:
2214:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2147:Antony Preston
2125:13.5-inch guns
2104:
2103:
2100:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1851:Andrew Lambert
1797:-class gunboat
1793:A model of an
1786:
1785:United Kingdom
1783:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1752:
1751:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1693:
1690:
1665:
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1661:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1056:Ambracian Gulf
1043:Greek gunboat
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1006:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
983:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
916:
913:
910:
909:
906:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
886:
885:
882:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
862:
861:
858:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
838:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
814:
811:
810:
809:
798:
791:
789:
778:
771:
766:
765:
762:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
742:
741:
738:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
718:
717:
714:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
695:
694:
691:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
671:
670:
667:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
647:
646:
643:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
622:
621:
618:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
598:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
540:Greek alphabet
523:
520:
515:
512:
509:
508:
505:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
485:
484:
481:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
461:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
423:Laird Brothers
418:
415:
412:
411:
408:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
386:
385:
382:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
360:
359:
356:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
334:
333:
330:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
308:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
274:British Empire
247:
244:
242:
239:
229:(formerly HMS
201:
165:Great Armament
120:A painting of
113:
110:
88:
85:
24:
18:Rendel gunboat
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2942:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2887:. Routledge.
2886:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2835:
2833:
2824:
2821:
2818:Preston p.167
2815:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2641:0-85177-926-3
2638:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2573:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2327:on 2016-12-08
2326:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2308:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1836:in 1914) and
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1796:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1671:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1322:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1066:, served the
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1000:
995:
990:
988:
985:
984:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
967:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
937:
929:
925:
921:
914:
907:
904:
899:
894:
891:
888:
887:
883:
880:
875:
870:
867:
864:
863:
859:
856:
851:
846:
843:
840:
839:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
822:
819:
812:
806:
802:
795:
790:
786:
782:
775:
770:
763:
760:
755:
750:
747:
744:
743:
739:
736:
731:
726:
723:
720:
719:
715:
712:
707:
702:
700:
699:Hoi Tung Hung
697:
696:
692:
689:
684:
679:
676:
673:
672:
668:
665:
660:
655:
652:
649:
648:
644:
641:
636:
631:
629:
628:
624:
623:
619:
616:
611:
606:
603:
600:
599:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
582:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:Hoi Tung Hung
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
521:
519:
513:
506:
503:
498:
493:
490:
487:
486:
482:
479:
474:
469:
466:
463:
462:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
445:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
416:
409:
406:
401:
396:
394:
392:
388:
387:
383:
380:
375:
370:
368:
367:
362:
361:
357:
354:
349:
344:
342:
341:
336:
335:
331:
328:
323:
318:
316:
315:
310:
309:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
292:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
267:
263:
256:
252:
245:
240:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
207:
200:
198:
192:
190:
186:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
160:
158:
153:
149:
145:
143:
134:
130:
128:
123:
118:
111:
109:
107:
102:
101:George Rendel
98:
94:
86:
84:
82:
78:
74:
73:
68:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
36:
29:
19:
2907:
2903:
2884:
2863:
2853:
2841:. Retrieved
2831:
2823:
2814:
2805:
2788:Warship 2009
2787:
2781:
2772:
2763:
2751:. Retrieved
2736:
2715:
2703:. Retrieved
2688:
2632:
2597:. Retrieved
2587:
2575:. Retrieved
2560:
2553:
2545:
2544:H W Wilson,
2540:
2531:
2522:
2511:. Retrieved
2506:
2496:
2487:
2482:Preston p.11
2478:
2464:
2457:
2372:
2329:. Retrieved
2325:the original
2320:
2310:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2252:
2244:Sognefjorden
2239:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2160:32°22′32.7″N
2150:
2138:
2136:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2081:
2051:
2041:
2020:
1994:
1985:
1964:
1937:
1913:
1885:
1848:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1800:
1794:
1775:
1755:
1747:
1727:
1695:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1644:
1620:
1596:
1572:
1543:
1516:
1490:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1385:3 Ă— 4.7-inch
1370:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1317:
1288:
1264:
1240:
1210:
1201:
1181:
1152:
1124:
1116:
1097:
1049:
1044:
1009:
960:
956:
944:
940:
934:
932:
927:
923:
889:
865:
841:
816:
804:
800:
784:
780:
745:
721:
698:
674:
650:
626:
601:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
535:
527:
525:
517:
489:ConstituciĂłn
488:
464:
438:
435:ConstituciĂłn
434:
430:
420:
390:
365:
339:
313:
285:
281:
277:
271:
265:
254:
230:
226:
222:
211:
205:
204:H W Wilson,
196:
194:
181:
169:bomb vessels
161:
156:
141:
137:
126:
121:
90:
76:
71:
66:
63:
46:
42:
41:
34:
2809:Preston p.8
2577:16 November
2331:23 December
2175: /
2098:9.2-inch BL
2040:Similar to
2037:10-inch MLR
1323:Netherlands
1064:Balkan Wars
546:through to
439:bombarderas
235:World War I
112:Description
2925:Ship types
2919:Categories
2843:2012-03-14
2599:2011-10-07
2513:2014-09-13
2302:References
2163:64°41′13″W
1857:See also:
1803:Royal Navy
1702:Norrköping
1464:Bjørn West
957:Salamander
627:Tiong Sing
528:Tiong Sing
167:" and the
77:Bjorn West
2753:7 October
2705:7 October
2283:Excellent
1832:(renamed
1826:Excellent
1824:(renamed
1746:Scrapped
1739:241 - 271
1698:Stockholm
1182:Guardiano
1072:Keratsini
947:class at
943:) of the
805:Longxiang
785:Jiansheng
781:Jiansheng
602:Jiansheng
578:in 1895.
560:Jiansheng
536:Jiansheng
465:Pilcomayo
431:Pilcomayo
417:Argentina
366:Protector
282:Protector
278:Protector
266:Protector
246:Australia
241:Operators
227:Excellent
221:and both
57:used for
55:flat iron
51:freeboard
2930:Gunboats
2391:52620555
2070:Sold by
1878:Remarks
1722:Remarks
1591:Remarks
1484:Remarks
1365:Remarks
1331:and the
1259:Remarks
1176:Remarks
1156:Pozzuoli
1125:Amvrakia
1115:Renamed
1092:Remarks
981:Remarks
949:AG Weser
836:Remarks
799:Chinese
779:Chinese
596:Remarks
532:Shanghai
459:Remarks
391:Gayundah
340:Victoria
306:Remarks
286:Gayundah
255:Gayundah
202:—
148:punt gun
91:In 1867
2854:
2210:Sivutch
2109:Staunch
2021:Bouncer
1886:Staunch
1872:Tonnage
1869:Vessels
1834:Snapper
1830:Mastiff
1814:Bustard
1809:Bustard
1716:Tonnage
1713:Vessels
1688:class.
1682:Sivutch
1675:Sivutch
1585:Tonnage
1582:Vessels
1478:Tonnage
1475:Vessels
1371:Vahalis
1359:Tonnage
1356:Vessels
1337:Sperwer
1329:Vahalis
1265:Epsilon
1253:Tonnage
1250:Vessels
1211:Castore
1170:Tonnage
1167:Vessels
1098:Spetses
1086:Tonnage
1083:Vessels
1068:Piraeus
1010:Brummer
975:Tonnage
972:Vessels
961:Brummer
915:Germany
890:Falster
842:Oresund
830:Tonnage
827:Vessels
813:Denmark
722:Epsilon
590:Tonnage
587:Vessels
556:Fusheng
542:, from
453:Tonnage
450:Vessels
300:Tonnage
297:Vessels
223:Bustard
171:of the
142:Castore
59:ironing
35:Mastiff
2891:
2872:
2832:Medway
2794:
2744:
2696:
2639:
2568:
2389:
2379:
2288:Drudge
2269:Drudge
2206:Medina
2151:Medway
2139:Medina
2121:Drudge
2113:Plucky
2082:Drudge
1995:Medina
1988:class
1965:Gadfly
1914:Plucky
1818:Drudge
1756:Hildur
1728:Garmer
1692:Sweden
1686:Medina
1569:Russia
1542:HNoMS
1440:Norway
1314:Mexico
1117:Akteon
1045:Aktion
1035:Greece
953:Bremen
928:Natter
548:Lambda
314:Albert
197:Duguay
87:Origin
67:Medway
2837:(PDF)
2273:Handy
2240:Uller
2188:Notes
2117:Handy
2052:Handy
2023:class
1997:class
1967:class
1940:class
1866:Class
1843:Handy
1822:Handy
1778:1919
1776:circa
1774:Sold
1758:class
1750:1898
1748:circa
1730:class
1710:Class
1647:class
1645:Burun
1623:class
1621:Nerpa
1599:class
1579:Class
1519:class
1493:class
1472:Class
1451:Uller
1353:Class
1345:Wodan
1333:Hydra
1291:class
1267:class
1247:Class
1237:Japan
1213:class
1204:1900
1202:circa
1200:Sold
1184:class
1164:Class
1149:Italy
1080:Class
1012:class
969:Class
945:Wespe
924:Wespe
892:class
868:class
844:class
824:Class
801:Alpha
748:class
724:class
677:class
675:Gamma
653:class
651:Alpha
604:class
584:Class
544:Alpha
530:) at
522:China
514:Chile
491:class
467:class
447:Class
393:class
364:HMCS
338:HMVS
312:HMVS
294:Class
231:Handy
157:Wespe
144:class
131:, by
124:, an
122:Comet
2908:XIII
2889:ISBN
2870:ISBN
2792:ISBN
2755:2011
2742:ISBN
2707:2011
2694:ISBN
2637:ISBN
2579:2012
2566:ISBN
2387:OCLC
2377:ISBN
2333:2016
2281:HMS
2271:and
2202:were
2137:The
2119:and
2111:and
2080:HMS
2050:HMS
1912:HMS
1884:HMS
1875:Guns
1820:and
1801:The
1719:Guns
1700:and
1680:Two
1597:Ersh
1588:Guns
1544:Æger
1491:Vale
1481:Guns
1446:Æger
1362:Guns
1341:Brak
1289:Iota
1256:Guns
1173:Guns
1089:Guns
1070:and
1062:and
997:1157
978:Guns
866:Moen
833:Guns
807:(龍驤)
787:(建勝)
746:Iota
593:Guns
558:and
456:Guns
433:and
303:Guns
284:and
225:and
33:HMS
2253:Tyr
2093:890
2063:508
2042:Ant
2033:265
2007:363
1986:Ant
1977:241
1950:241
1938:Ant
1925:193
1897:164
1838:Ant
1795:Ant
1767:457
1656:380
1632:380
1608:321
1555:413
1529:290
1517:Gor
1503:260
1460:Tyr
1456:Gor
1427:240
1404:216
1381:337
1300:440
1276:440
1223:522
1193:259
1135:433
1108:433
1021:929
901:383
877:410
853:240
757:440
733:440
709:430
686:420
662:420
638:200
613:256
500:416
476:416
403:360
377:920
351:530
325:350
127:Ant
72:Tyr
2921::
2906:.
2724:^
2676:^
2660:^
2648:^
2624:^
2608:^
2505:.
2470:10
2425:^
2399:^
2385:.
2359:^
2341:^
2319:.
2261:^
2184:.
2134:.
2002:12
1945:20
1816:,
1422:16
1399:14
1158:.
992:11
951:,
2897:.
2878:.
2846:.
2757:.
2709:.
2643:.
2602:.
2581:.
2516:.
2472:.
2393:.
2335:.
2256:.
2088:1
2058:1
2028:2
1972:4
1920:1
1892:1
1762:7
1734:3
1651:8
1627:1
1603:1
1550:1
1524:2
1498:5
1376:1
1295:2
1271:4
1218:2
1188:2
1130:1
1103:1
1016:2
896:1
872:1
848:3
752:3
728:4
704:1
681:2
657:2
633:1
608:2
495:2
471:2
398:2
372:1
346:1
320:1
163:"
20:)
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