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affected by the rules can participate in setting or changing them. The users have rights to devise their own management institutions and plans under the recognition by the government. The right to resources includes land, water, fisheries and pastoral rights. The users or parties accountable to the users have to actively monitor and ensure the utilisation of the resource compliance with the rules and to impose penalty on those people who violate the rules. These conflicts are resolved in a quick and low-cost manner by the local institution according to the seriousness and context of the offence. The global science-based platform to discuss natural resources management is the
805:, which recognized the need to protect nature from further depletion due to human activity. It states that measures must be taken at all societal levels, from international to individual, to protect nature. It outlines the need for sustainable use of natural resources and suggests that the protection of resources should be incorporated into national and international systems of law. To look at the importance of protecting natural resources further, the World Ethic of Sustainability, developed by the
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456:, air, wind, water, etc. are continuously available and their quantities are not noticeably affected by human consumption. Though many renewable resources do not have such a rapid recovery rate, these resources are susceptible to depletion by over-use. Resources from a human use perspective are classified as renewable so long as the rate of replenishment/recovery exceeds that of the rate of consumption. They replenish easily compared to non-renewable resources.
660:, and impacts on children, especially girls and women. A strong civil society can play an important role in ensuring the effective management of natural resources. Norway can serve as a role model in this regard as it has good institutions and open and dynamic public debate with strong civil society actors that provide an effective checks and balances system for the government's management of extractive industries, such as the
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664:(EITI), a global standard for the good governance of oil, gas and mineral resources. It seeks to address the key governance issues in the extractive sectors. However, in countries that do not have a very strong and unified society, meaning that there are dissidents who are not as happy with the government as in Norway's case, natural resources can actually be a factor in whether a civil war starts and how long the war lasts.
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492:, which are in this category because their rate of formation is extremely slow (potentially millions of years), meaning they are considered non-renewable. Some resources naturally deplete in amount without human interference, the most notable of these being radio-active elements such as uranium, which naturally decay into heavy metals. Of these, the metallic minerals can be re-used by
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A "...successful management of natural resources depends on freedom of speech, a dynamic and wide-ranging public debate through multiple independent media channels and an active civil society engaged in natural resource issues..." because of the nature of the shared resources, the individuals who are
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Management of natural resources involves identifying who has the right to use the resources, and who does not, for defining the boundaries of the resource. The resources may be managed by the users according to the rules governing when and how the resource is used depending on local condition or the
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to meet their own needs'; however, in broad terms it is balancing the needs of the planet's people and species now and in the future. In regards to natural resources, depletion is of concern for sustainable development as it has the ability to degrade current environments and the potential to impact
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in 1990, set out eight values for sustainability, including the need to protect natural resources from depletion. Since the development of these documents, many measures have been taken to protect natural resources including establishment of the scientific field and practice of conservation biology
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At present, there is a particular concern for rainforest regions that hold most of the Earth's biodiversity. According to Nelson, deforestation and degradation affect 8.5% of the world's forests with 30% of the Earth's surface already cropped. If we consider that 80% of people rely on medicines
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for present and future generations. Hence, sustainable development is followed according to judicial use of resources to supply both the present generation and future generations. The disciplines of fisheries, forestry, and wildlife are examples of large subdisciplines of natural resource
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period in the environment and cannot be renewed easily. Minerals are the most common resource included in this category. From the human perspective, resources are non-renewable when their rate of consumption exceeds the rate of replenishment/recovery; a good example of this is
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in their ecosystems. Natural resources may be classified in different ways. Natural resources are materials and components (something that can be used) found within the environment. Every man-made product is composed of natural resources (at its fundamental level).
644:. People often accuse extractive industry businesses as acting only to maximize short-term value, implying that less-developed countries are vulnerable to powerful corporations. Alternatively, host governments are often assumed to be only maximizing immediate
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Indra
Overland (2018) 'Introduction: Civil Society, Public Debate and Natural Resource Management', in Indra Overland (ed.) Public Brainpower: Civil Society and Natural Resource Management, Cham: Palgrave, pp. 1–22.
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Natural resource allocations can be at the centre of many economic and political confrontations both within and between countries. This is particularly true during periods of increasing scarcity and shortages
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is an example of undisturbed natural resources. Waterfalls provide spring water for humans, animals and plants for survival and habitat for marine organisms. The water current can be used to turn turbines for
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Nellemann C and
Corcoran E 2010 Dead Planet, Living Planet- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Restoration for Sustainable Development: A Rapid Response Assessment. United Nations Environment Program, GRID-Arendal
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natural resource : something (as a mineral, waterpower source, forest, or kind of animal) that is found in nature and is valuable to humans (as in providing a source of energy, recreation, or scenic
625:. Natural resources can add substantial amounts to a country's wealth; however, a sudden inflow of money caused by a resource boom can create social problems including inflation harming other industries ("
702:(UN). This is evident in the UN's Agenda 21 Section Two, which outlines the necessary steps for countries to take to sustain their natural resources. The depletion of natural resources is considered a
1780:"UNDP, UNEP, The World Bank and World Resources Institute – The Wealth of the Poor: Managing Ecosystems to Fight Poverty Institute 2005 Chapter 3 The board's role in governance, World Resources 2005"
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and other international development agendas frequently focus on creating more sustainable resource extraction, with some scholars and researchers focused on creating economic models, such as
648:. Researchers argue there are areas of common interest where development goals and business cross. These present opportunities for international governmental agencies to engage with the
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and used with few modifications. This includes the sources of valued characteristics such as commercial and industrial use, aesthetic value, scientific interest, and cultural value. On
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Resources that have been surveyed, quantified and qualified, and are currently used in development. These are typically dependent on technology and the level of their feasibility,
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of the world's prescription medicines have ingredients taken from plants, loss of the world's rainforests could result in a loss of finding more potential life-saving medicines.
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1316:"UN 2002 Earth Summit Agenda 21 The United Nations programme for action from Rio: Section Two – Conservation and Management of Resources for Development, United Nations, Rio"
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Schilling M and Chiang L 2011 The effect of natural resources on sustainable development policy: The approach of non-sustainable externalities. Energy Policy 39: 990–998
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771:, and forestry as well as 'indirect drivers of change' such as demography (e.g. population growth), economy, society, politics, and technology. The current practice of
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49:, is an example of an undisturbed natural resource. Forest provides timber for humans, food, water and shelter for the flora and fauna tribes and animals. The
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Clark H cited in UNESCO and UNEP 2002 Cultural
Diversity and Biodiversity for Sustainable Development, World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg
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Von Braun J cited in
Inforesources Trends 2005 Depletion of Natural Resources – Implications for Development: An assessment by experts Berne, Switzerland
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has many interpretations, most notably the
Brundtland Commission's 'to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of
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231:, which means that they can be used at a certain rate and natural processes will restore them. In contrast, many extractive industries rely heavily on
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is another factor causing depletion of natural resources. For example, the depletion of nutrients in the soil due to excessive use of nitrogen and
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M. E. Soulé and B. A. Wilcox. 1980. Conservation
Biology: An Evolutionary-Ecological Perspective. Sinauer Associatess. Sunderland, Massachusetts.
1353:"UN 1987 'Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future' UN Documents: Gathering a body of global agreements"
1966:
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1227:"Extractive industries, development and the role of donors - ECONOMIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR PROFESSIONAL EVIDENCE AND APPLIED KNOWLEDGE SERVICES"
721:"The conservation of natural resources is the fundamental problem. Unless we solve that problem, it will avail us little to solve all others."
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UNESCO and UNEP 2002 Cultural
Diversity and Biodiversity for Sustainable Development, World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg.
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1471:"Nelson 2005 Chapter 3: Drivers of Ecosystem Change: Summary Chapter in Current State and Trends Assessment Millenium Ecosystem Assessment"
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Extractive industries represent a large growing activity in many less-developed countries but the wealth generated does not always lead to
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There are various criteria for classifying natural resources. These include the source of origin, stages of development, renewability and
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A material source of wealth, such as timber, fresh water, or a mineral deposit, that occurs in a natural state and has economic value.
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Groom, M.J., Meffe, G.K. and
Carroll, C.R. (2006) Principles of Conservation Biology (3rd ed.). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
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102:, and providing habitat for deep-water fishes. There is biodiversity of marine species in the sea where nutrient cycles are common.
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783:, a well-known conservationist and former United States president, who was opposed to unregulated natural resource extraction.
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Something, such as a forest, a mineral deposit, or fresh water, that is found in nature and is necessary or useful to humans.
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738:. Considering most biodiversity are located in developing countries, depletion of this resource could result in losses of
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1744:"Ostrom E cited in Kommers N and Mackie P 2005 Journalist guide to world resources 2005 World Resources Institute 1-30"
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for these countries. Some view this depletion as a major source of social unrest and conflicts in developing nations.
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779:. The depletion of natural resources is a continuing concern for society. This is seen in the cited quote given by
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of preindustrial societies to global industry. Extractive industries are, along with agriculture, the basis of the
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Lujala, Päivi (January 2010). "The spoils of nature: Armed civil conflict and rebel access to natural resources".
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Resource extraction involves any activity that withdraws resources from nature. This can range in scale from the
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Resources that are known to exist, but have not been utilized yet. These may be used in the future. For example,
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Evelyn
Dietsche; Samantha Dodd; Dan Haglund; Mark Henstridge; Maja Jakobsen; Esméralda Sindou; Caroline Slaven.
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Hunter, M. L. (1996). Fundamentals of
Conservation Biology. Blackwell Science Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts.,
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An actual or potential form of wealth supplied by nature, as coal, oil, water power, timber, arable land, etc.
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Wind is a natural resource that can be used to generate electricity, as with these 5 MW wind turbines in
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Overland, Indra (2018-01-01). "Introduction: Civil Society, Public Debate and Natural Resource Management".
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and host governments through revenue management and expenditure accountability, infrastructure development,
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548:. The nation has legal powers to acquire them for public welfare. These also include minerals, forests and
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is the scientific study of the nature and status of Earth's biodiversity with the aim of protecting
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Natural resource management is a discipline in the management of natural resources such as land,
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Any source of wealth that occurs naturally, especially minerals, fossil fuels, timber, etc.
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Theodore Roosevelt, Address to the Deep Waterway Convention Memphis, TN, October 4, 1907
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and economic performance of local districts: suggestions from a within-country analysis
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into an economically useful form that must be processed to obtain the resource such as
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Decision Making in Natural Resource Management : a Structured, Adaptive Approach
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629:") and corruption, leading to inequality and underdevelopment, this is known as the "
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resources may be managed by a governmental organization or other central authority.
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The depletion of natural resources is caused by 'direct drivers of change' such as
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Resources that have been surveyed, but cannot be used due to lack of technology,
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is also a major source of human rights violations and environmental damage. The
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The part of an actual resource that can be developed profitably in the future.
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30:"Primary resource" redirects here. For original sources used in research, see
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These resources can be replenished naturally. Some of these resources, like
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between organisms forms food chains and fosters a biodiversity of species.
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1511:"UN 1982 General Assembly World Charter for Nature: 48th Plenary meeting"
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is an example of a natural resource. Ocean waves can be used to generate
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1564:
1117:"Natural resource dictionary definition | natural resource defined"
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are also included in this category because they are formed from decayed
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has become a major focus of governments and organizations such as the
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A natural resource may exist as a separate entity such as freshwater,
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in sedimentary rocks that, until extracted and put to use, remains a
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Conservation Biology: Foundations, Concepts, Applications, 2nd ed
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Public Brainpower: Civil Society and Natural Resource Management
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1030:"natural resources - definition of natural resources in English"
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Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity
1201:"EnviroStats: Canada's natural resource wealth at a glance"
267:
and renewable resources that can be sustainably managed.
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was introduced as the title of a conference held at the
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Resources which are accessible to all the members of a
3404:
International Conference on Population and Development
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1734:
1055:"Definition of natural resource - Student Dictionary"
1006:
United Nations Framework Classification for Resources
277:
United Nations Framework Classification for Resources
259:, that rely less on resource extraction, and more on
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Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology
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2008:
1957:
1948:
1602:M. E. Soule. (1986). What is conservation Biology?
1088:"What is Natural Resources? definition and meaning"
924:—with a particular focus on how management affects
1257:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320656629
734:Depletion of natural resources is associated with
27:Resources that exist without actions of humankind.
1032:. Oxford Dictionaries. 2014-04-20. Archived from
125:. An example of a non-renewable natural resource.
1410:
1408:
496:them, but coal and petroleum cannot be recycled.
718:
1159:. Science.org.au. May 23, 2007. Archived from
3025:
1926:
1544:Australian Journal of Environmental Education
662:Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
513:by individuals. These include plots, houses,
349:Resources that originate from non-living and
8:
1537:"Learning to Care: Education and Compassion"
1338:
1336:
3429:United Nations world population conferences
3342:Population and housing censuses by country
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1954:
1933:
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1435:"UNEP 2011 International Year of Forests"
1011:United Nations Resource Management System
904:United Nations Resource Management System
832:, and ecosystems from excessive rates of
680:28 km (17 mi) off the coast of
175:Natural resources are part of humanity's
3065:Estimates of historical world population
1714:California Department of Fish & Game
818:and habitat conservation, respectively.
605:. Examples of extractive industries are
1809:. Peterson, James T. Chicester: Wiley.
1021:
483:These resources are formed over a long
1708:Habitat Conservation Planning Branch.
3541:Environmental social science concepts
1513:. United Nations. 13 September 2011.
1433:Nations, United (12 September 2011).
468:River are a key natural resource for
94:source. Ocean water is important for
7:
3498:
1181:from the original on January 1, 2019
597:of the economy. Extraction produces
3434:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
1629:. Sinauer Associates. p. 584.
1476:. 12 September 2011. Archived from
1376:Salvati L and Marco Z 2008 Natural
846:University of California, San Diego
1157:"Earth's natural wealth: an audit"
300:Resources that originate from the
25:
3326:Population and Development Review
715:the needs of future generations.
690:Exploitation of natural resources
566:These resources are regulated by
235:that can only be extracted once.
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3509:
3497:
3374:Population concern organizations
3080:Projections of population growth
2994:
2993:
1898:
1687:. Springer Verlag. p. 478.
882:, and prevent their extinction,
3475:Human impact on the environment
3409:Population Action International
1866:from the original on 2018-06-12
1756:from the original on 2011-11-25
1517:from the original on 2019-04-02
1445:from the original on 2016-12-09
1359:from the original on 2019-05-17
1322:from the original on 2019-10-10
1237:from the original on 2017-02-05
1207:from the original on 2014-11-06
1127:from the original on 2019-10-22
1098:from the original on 2019-11-02
1065:from the original on 2017-08-03
3424:United Nations Population Fund
1177:. Reason.com. April 27, 2010.
696:depletion of natural resources
1:
1355:. Un.org. 12 September 2011.
1318:. Un.org. 12 September 2011.
601:, which is then processed to
544:Resources that belong to the
369:, and heavy metals including
253:Sustainable Development Goals
1959:Pollution / quality
880:conservation reliant species
183:. Particular areas (such as
3449:World Population Foundation
3439:World Population Conference
3352:World population milestones
1850:10.1007/978-3-319-60627-9_1
1803:Conroy, Michael J. (2012).
1785:. Sc.com.my. Archived from
900:Natural resource management
838:natural resource management
568:international organizations
441:Renewability/exhaustibility
185:the rainforest in Fatu-Hiva
3562:
3321:Population and Environment
1625:Soule, Michael E. (1986).
1136:Natural-resource meaning
897:
790:
687:
582:
274:
29:
3493:
3231:Human population planning
3055:Demographics of the world
2989:
2795:
2530:Types / location
1556:10.1017/S0814062600001427
1277:Journal of Peace Research
746:obtained from plants and
3236:Compulsory sterilization
1289:10.1177/0022343309350015
941:, based in Switzerland.
803:World Charter for Nature
793:Environmental protection
564:International resources:
72:hydroelectric generation
3546:Supply chain management
3178:Malthusian growth model
1683:van Dyke, Fred (2008).
1001:Sustainable development
708:sustainable development
704:sustainable development
558:Exclusive economic zone
479:Non-renewable resources
233:non-renewable resources
205:extractivist industries
3305:Zero population growth
3300:Sustainable population
3224:Malthusian catastrophe
3183:Overshoot (population)
3060:Demographic transition
1710:"Habitat Conservation"
991:Nature-based solutions
971:Environmental movement
866:, protect and restore
724:
685:
678:Thorntonbank Wind Farm
658:enterprise development
473:
126:
103:
75:
54:
3414:Population Connection
3278:Mere addition paradox
3117:Physiological density
1575:on September 14, 2015
939:World Resources Forum
694:In recent years, the
675:
507:Individual resources:
463:
227:. Some resources are
109:
81:
60:
40:
3444:World Population Day
3399:Church of Euthanasia
3288:Non-identity problem
3263:Political demography
3219:Human overpopulation
2905:remnant natural area
2542:storage and recovery
2208:habitat conservation
2026:Deforestation (REDD)
1907:at Wikimedia Commons
996:Resource nationalism
961:Conservation (ethic)
856:Habitat conservation
842:conservation biology
822:Conservation biology
765:petroleum extraction
619:oil and gas drilling
572:International waters
554:political boundaries
529:Community resources:
400:Potential resources:
394:Stage of development
136:that are drawn from
3293:Reproductive rights
3124:Population dynamics
3075:Population momentum
2859:Earth Overshoot Day
2433:Marine conservation
2414:non-timber products
1231:Partberplatform.org
1036:on November 3, 2013
654:employment creation
542:National resources:
448:Renewable resources
367:rare-earth elements
249:Resource extraction
213:rare-earth elements
61:The Carson Fall in
18:Resource extraction
3419:Population Matters
3134:Population pyramid
3112:Population density
3107:Population decline
2844:Ecosystem services
1967:Ambient standards
1895:, encyclopedia.com
1612:2019-04-12 at the
1606:, 35(11): 727–734
1483:on 14 October 2009
1378:resource depletion
1262:2018-06-12 at the
1175:"Peak Everything?"
1121:Yourdictionary.com
966:Cultural resources
956:Citizen's dividend
781:Theodore Roosevelt
740:ecosystem services
728:Theodore Roosevelt
712:future generations
686:
474:
464:The waters of the
351:inorganic material
223:and most forms of
127:
104:
76:
55:
45:in Amazon, in the
3536:Natural resources
3523:
3522:
3394:7 Billion Actions
3268:Population ethics
3161:Carrying capacity
3070:Population growth
3007:
3006:
2985:
2984:
2784:
2783:
2463:genetic resources
2399:genetic resources
2034:
2033:
1942:Natural resources
1905:Natural resources
1903:Media related to
1893:Natural resources
1844:. pp. 1–22.
1816:978-1-118-50623-3
1694:978-1-4020-6890-4
1535:Fein, J. (2003).
1203:. Statcan.gc.ca.
1163:on July 20, 2008.
1092:Investorwords.com
434:hydrogen vehicles
414:Actual resources:
130:Natural resources
110:A picture of the
47:Marquesas Islands
16:(Redirected from
3553:
3513:
3512:
3501:
3500:
3470:Green Revolution
3251:Two-child policy
3246:One-child policy
3169:
3129:Population model
3085:World population
3034:
3027:
3020:
3011:
2997:
2996:
2948:
2895:Natural heritage
2854:overexploitation
2793:
2527:
2473:herbal medicines
2453:FAO Plant Treaty
1993:
1970:
1955:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1912:
1902:
1889:, britannica.com
1887:Natural resource
1875:
1874:
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1794:
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1776:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1755:
1748:
1740:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1716:. Archived from
1705:
1699:
1698:
1680:
1674:
1664:
1658:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1622:
1616:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1574:
1568:. Archived from
1567:
1541:
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1526:
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1522:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
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1385:
1384:. 15(6): 518–523
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1103:
1084:
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1077:
1071:
1070:
1051:
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1044:
1042:
1041:
1026:
976:Land (economics)
886:or reduction in
850:Michael E. Soulé
755:
754:
750:
730:
706:issue. The term
642:inclusive growth
509:Resources owned
353:. These include
257:circular economy
187:) often feature
179:or protected in
177:natural heritage
92:renewable energy
21:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3489:
3453:
3387:
3385:
3378:
3330:
3309:
3258:Overconsumption
3241:Family planning
3198:
3192:
3165:
3149:
3146:
3138:
3100:
3097:
3089:
3043:
3038:
3008:
3003:
2981:
2946:
2926:
2912:Systems ecology
2878:Natural capital
2780:
2665:
2654:reclaimed water
2516:
2478:UPOV Convention
2326:
2121:
2030:
2004:
2000:Ozone depletion
1991:
1968:
1944:
1939:
1883:
1878:
1869:
1867:
1860:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1817:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1789:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1768:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:. Pdf.wri.org.
1746:
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1614:Wayback Machine
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1264:Wayback Machine
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1023:
1019:
981:Lunar resources
951:Asteroid mining
947:
926:quality of life
906:
898:Main articles:
896:
870:areas for wild
860:land management
795:
789:
777:desertification
752:
748:
747:
736:social inequity
732:
726:
692:
670:
591:traditional use
587:
581:
503:
485:geological time
443:
418:wood processing
396:
291:
279:
273:
247:of resources).
245:overconsumption
181:nature reserves
164:along with all
96:salt production
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3485:Sustainability
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3461:
3459:
3458:Related topics
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3349:
3347:Largest cities
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3167:I = P × A × T
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2947:(perpetuation)
2942:
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2377:climate change
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2345:Bioprospecting
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2044:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1990:Clean Air Act
1982:
1977:
1972:
1963:
1961:
1952:
1946:
1945:
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1937:
1930:
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1915:
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1881:External links
1879:
1877:
1876:
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1830:
1815:
1795:
1792:on 2011-07-25.
1766:
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1439:United Nations
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1061:. 2012-09-20.
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862:that seeks to
801:developed the
799:United Nations
788:
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700:United Nations
669:
666:
650:private sector
631:resource curse
595:primary sector
580:
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341:
338:organic matter
290:
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271:Classification
269:
144:, it includes
112:Udachnaya pipe
63:Mount Kinabalu
51:nutrient cycle
32:Primary source
26:
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3173:Kaya identity
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3000:
2992:
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2977:Non-renewable
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2917:Urban ecology
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2749:Privatization
2747:
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2735:
2732:
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2659:
2655:
2652:
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2650:
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2645:
2644:Surface water
2642:
2640:
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2616:
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2145:peak farmland
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627:Dutch disease
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52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
3502:
3314:Publications
3273:Antinatalism
3211:
3188:World3 model
3048:Major topics
2975: /
2849:Exploitation
2734:Conservation
2677:Desalination
2612:
2505:conservation
2340:Biodiversity
2288:conservation
2135:Agricultural
2063:Fossil fuels
1941:
1868:. Retrieved
1840:
1833:
1805:
1798:
1787:the original
1758:. Retrieved
1722:. Retrieved
1718:the original
1703:
1684:
1678:
1662:
1645:
1626:
1620:
1598:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1570:the original
1565:10072/368672
1547:
1543:
1530:
1519:. Retrieved
1505:
1496:
1485:. Retrieved
1478:the original
1447:. Retrieved
1438:
1428:
1419:
1398:
1389:
1381:
1372:
1361:. Retrieved
1347:
1324:. Retrieved
1283:(1): 15–28.
1280:
1276:
1270:
1250:
1239:. Retrieved
1230:
1220:
1209:. Retrieved
1195:
1183:. Retrieved
1169:
1161:the original
1151:
1135:
1129:. Retrieved
1120:
1111:
1100:. Retrieved
1091:
1082:
1073:
1067:. Retrieved
1058:
1049:
1038:. Retrieved
1034:the original
1024:
935:
931:
929:management.
907:
854:
841:
820:
796:
758:
744:
733:
725:
720:
719:
707:
693:
635:
599:raw material
588:
585:Extractivism
563:
541:
528:
506:
490:fossil fuels
477:
454:solar energy
446:
436:for example.
429:
423:
420:for example.
413:
407:
399:
343:
326:Fossil fuels
294:
280:
237:
198:
193:geodiversity
189:biodiversity
174:
129:
128:
100:desalination
3197:Society and
3156:Biocapacity
2968:Nationalism
2940:Common-pool
2581:Hydrosphere
2574:remediation
2559:Groundwater
2154:Degradation
840:. The term
773:agriculture
638:sustainable
552:within the
515:plantations
3530:Categories
3384:Events and
3199:population
3145:Population
3096:Population
3041:Population
2963:Extraction
2922:Wilderness
2883:accounting
2866:Management
2832:ecological
2820:tragedy of
2739:Peak water
2724:Efficiency
2697:Sanitation
2639:Stormwater
2632:harvesting
2608:Irrigation
2510:management
2468:gene banks
2409:management
2387:management
2303:resilience
2269:phosphorus
2225:industrial
2203:Management
2179:soundscape
2085:Geothermal
1870:2018-04-05
1760:2011-09-22
1724:2009-04-07
1604:BioScience
1521:2016-12-12
1487:2016-12-12
1449:2016-12-12
1441:. Un.org.
1363:2016-12-12
1326:2016-12-12
1241:2016-12-12
1211:2014-05-31
1131:2016-12-12
1102:2016-12-12
1069:2016-12-12
1040:2016-12-12
1017:References
894:Management
834:extinction
791:See also:
787:Protection
688:See also:
583:See also:
579:Extraction
537:Cemeteries
466:White Nile
373:, such as
275:See also:
209:metal ores
166:vegetation
150:atmosphere
88:wave power
43:rainforest
3480:Migration
3357:6 billion
2973:Renewable
2958:Depletion
2945:Conflict
2827:Economics
2805:enclosure
2764:Resources
2744:Pollution
2661:Watershed
2564:pollution
2495:Seed bank
2490:Rangeland
2372:Fisheries
2357:Biosphere
2350:biopiracy
2293:fertility
2169:cityscape
2164:Landscape
2071:peak coal
2058:Resources
2009:Emissions
1825:827207638
1297:111088968
668:Depletion
603:add value
533:community
511:privately
501:Ownership
494:recycling
424:Reserves:
410:resource.
408:potential
404:petroleum
334:petroleum
322:livestock
318:fisheries
304:and have
302:biosphere
283:ownership
265:recycling
241:depletion
229:renewable
217:petroleum
134:resources
3515:Category
3283:Natalism
3206:Eugenics
2999:Category
2932:Resource
2871:adaptive
2769:improved
2729:Conflict
2714:Security
2709:Scarcity
2702:improved
2692:Leaching
2569:recharge
2549:Drinking
2500:Wildlife
2367:Bushmeat
2362:Bushfood
2315:planning
2220:gemstone
2215:Minerals
2196:property
2184:viewshed
2174:seascape
2105:sunlight
2079:peak oil
2075:peak gas
1864:Archived
1751:Archived
1610:Archived
1550:: 1–13.
1515:Archived
1443:Archived
1357:Archived
1320:Archived
1260:Archived
1235:Archived
1205:Archived
1179:Archived
1125:Archived
1096:Archived
1063:Archived
945:See also
864:conserve
830:habitats
828:, their
813:and the
623:forestry
611:trapping
570:. E.g.:
550:wildlife
535:. E.g.:
519:pastures
357:, fresh
328:such as
308:such as
170:wildlife
162:minerals
146:sunlight
121:mine in
116:open-pit
67:Malaysia
3504:Commons
3147:ecology
3098:biology
2800:Commons
2789:Related
2754:Quality
2670:Aspects
2596:glacial
2537:Aquifer
2443:Pasture
2394:Forests
2320:reserve
2095:Nuclear
2065: (
2021:Trading
2016:Airshed
1579:May 31,
922:animals
876:animals
868:habitat
826:species
769:fishing
751:⁄
682:Belgium
646:revenue
607:hunting
430:Stocks:
345:Abiotic
324:, etc.
123:Siberia
119:diamond
3214:genics
2810:global
2774:policy
2719:Supply
2682:Floods
2649:Sewage
2622:Marine
2614:huerta
2448:Plants
2438:Meadow
2298:health
2276:rights
2264:copper
2242:mining
2140:arable
2040:Energy
1980:Indoor
1856:
1823:
1813:
1691:
1670:
1653:
1633:
1295:
1185:May 5,
1075:beauty
986:Mining
920:, and
918:plants
872:plants
761:mining
621:, and
615:mining
546:nation
525:, etc.
470:Uganda
389:, etc.
387:silver
383:copper
296:Biotic
289:Origin
225:energy
221:timber
168:, and
160:, all
138:nature
3335:Lists
2953:Curse
2759:Right
2601:polar
2591:bergs
2554:Fresh
2522:Water
2235:metal
2159:Field
2110:shade
2100:Solar
2090:Hydro
1975:Index
1790:(PDF)
1783:(PDF)
1754:(PDF)
1747:(PDF)
1573:(PDF)
1540:(PDF)
1481:(PDF)
1474:(PDF)
1293:S2CID
910:water
888:range
523:ponds
359:water
314:fauna
310:flora
261:reuse
154:water
142:Earth
114:, an
84:ocean
2888:good
2837:land
2815:land
2627:Rain
2483:wood
2458:food
2421:Game
2332:Life
2283:Soil
2259:peak
2252:sand
2127:Land
2117:Wind
1992:(US)
1969:(US)
1854:ISBN
1821:OCLC
1811:ISBN
1689:ISBN
1668:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1631:ISBN
1581:2014
1187:2010
914:soil
902:and
874:and
815:UNEP
807:IUCN
640:and
556:and
379:iron
375:gold
371:ores
355:land
332:and
330:coal
312:and
306:life
243:and
191:and
158:land
132:are
90:, a
82:The
41:The
3212:Dys
2687:Law
2586:Ice
2426:law
2404:law
2382:law
2310:Use
2247:law
2230:ore
2191:Law
2067:gas
2053:Law
2048:Bio
1985:Law
1950:Air
1846:doi
1560:hdl
1552:doi
1285:doi
811:WWF
633:".
363:air
201:air
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