27:
931:, a light infantry unit, but later revealed to be manned by a unit of the New York National Guard, which arrived in Iraq four months before the shooting and in Baghdad only one month before. The identity of the soldier who fired remained unknown until it was revealed by a Greek student at the University of Bologna, who recovered access to the censored portions of the report by saving the redacted pdf file as a text file. The soldier who fired the fatal bullet was apparently
389:. The White House responded to this, denying that US troops would specifically target civilians, and stating that the zone is "a dangerous road, and it is a combat zone that our coalition forces are in. Often, they have to make split-second decisions to protect their own security". Pier Scolari said "I hope the Italian government does something because either this was an ambush, as I think, or we are dealing with imbeciles or terrorized kids who shoot at anyone".
468:
meters from the car, it slowed down until it was almost stopped, and the shooting began", and that
Calipari, described as one of Italy's most experienced intelligence agents with a history of successful operations in Iraq, not only had previously made "all necessary contacts" with US authorities in Baghdad and had obtained all the necessary clearances, but had also spoken to US and Italian authorities from his mobile phone just minutes before the attack.
890:
zone from whence the road emerged, and that her car was driving slowly with its lights on to make it more visible and identifiable. Klein indicated that Sgrena believes that US soldiers with whom her car checked in may not have radioed ahead to mobile checkpoints to indicate that they were coming, but that they were moving away from the military unit that fired upon them, pointing that the driver, who sat in the front, is alive.
536:
84:
507:, Italy's top military commander in Iraq. Marioli informed US officials that Calipari and the other Italian officer were there, but gave no information about the specifics of Calipari's operation. However, the Italian investigators' report, released 2 May 2005, claims that the American authorities were informed that Calipari was due to return to the Baghdad airport with a hostage on the night of the shooting.
914:, which implies that they had crossed all the checkpoints. "The whole shooting was heard live by the Presidency of the Council, who was on the phone with one of the agents. Then the US military confiscated and turned off the phones", said Scolari, who was then at the Palazzo Chigi. General Casey claimed that Sgrena and Calipari's vehicle had not gone through any prior checkpoints.
398:
489:
802:
440:
977:
However, since the
Pentagon has not published the alleged footage, no independent analysis of it has been possible. The Pentagon analysts have not spoken to any news organization besides CBS News. Additionally, the definitive report, later released by the US Army, did not mention any satellite images
792:
The
Italian report also claimed that only three seconds elapsed between the warning signals from the mobile checkpoint and the time when the soldiers opened fire. They add that, despite the fact that the car was only travelling at 40 to 50 km/h, this three-second interval did not give the driver
713:
The
Italians point that, whereas the US forces were unaware of Calipari's objectives, they were surely aware of his presence, as Calipari and Carpani were given ID badges and obtained sleeping quarters at Camp Victory. Furthermore, they claimed that the knowledge of the operation could in no way have
734:
The "alert line" and the "warning line" were all at smaller distances that prescribed practice; the "stop line" was absent altogether. All these were approximately known to the soldiers, but there was no sign for incoming vehicles. In particular, the Alert line was just 120 m from the first military
384:
On 6 March, Sgrena claimed that she might have been deliberately targeted, a consequence of the United States' disapproval of the means of her liberation. "The fact is that they do everything to prevent the adoption of this practice to save the lives of people held hostages, everybody knows that. So
985:
would be justified, as ambassador
Negroponte was traveling on it, the Italian report claimed that weather conditions were so bad that no image could be acquired by satellites. The Italians also reported having asked for such imagery, and being told that the closest pictures available were for 2 and
889:
Sgrena told Klein that her car was not traveling on a public road, but rather on a secured road reserved for officials, connecting the green zone directly to the airport. By virtue of being on that road, Sgrena also indicated that she must have already passed through checkpoints to enter the green
717:
It was pointed out that the officer responsible for the blocking point had not properly laid out signs and obstacles, even if the blocking point duty, after a while, clearly would not have been a short one. This left the proper functioning of the blocking point entirely on the shoulders of the two
471:
Fini asserted that photographs taken of the car established that it was not shot at from the front (or into the engine block), as one would expect if it were approaching a checkpoint, but rather that it was shot at from the right side, with the bullets entering through that side. Fini's version of
426:
Within the first week after the incident the version of events acknowledged by US spokesmen was significantly modified. In the second version of events, extra security patrols had recently been added to the airport route because a "senior diplomatic VIP" was going to use the road that evening; the
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The
Italian report specifically accuses the US forces of tampering with the crime scene, in an attempt to make a proper investigation impossible. Also, it pointed that estimates of the speed of Sgrena's car varied from 50 mph (80 km/h) to 80 mph (130 km/h), a strangely spread
467:
on 8 March 2005, Fini stated that there had been no roadblock, that no warning was given, that the car "was not over 40 km/h, and was illuminated from inside to facilitate control and allow phone calls to be made", that "hen a strong source of light, like a projector, was turned on a few tens of
897:
Pier
Scolari, Sgrena's life partner, stated that "Giuliana had information and the US military did not want her alive". "The Americans and the Italians knew that the car was arriving." He claims that Sgrena had detailed information about the use of banned weapons during the recent operations in
709:
A report by the
Italian government was published by 2 May. The Italian investigators disagreed on the subjects of the speed of the car, the signaling (or lack of it) before the Americans opened fire, and the question of whether the Americans were aware of Calipari's presence and activities in
738:
The only signals used were the spotlight and the green laser. The
Italian report indicates that they both rely on the quick reactions of the crew operating them, and the laser is especially difficult to point on a moving target in a short time. A distraction on the gunner's side would easily
776:
Conversely, the US Army's report downplayed the absence of signs or other indicators of the roadblock's presence, arguing that they were not effective at night. However, the US Army report indicated that the roadblock unit reportedly had no signs to deploy, since at the time of "the 69th's
862:
claimed that the theory that this was murder attempt by the US forces in order to discourage further hostage-rescue attempts could not be dismissed out of hand. Sgrena claimed that her kidnappers, just before releasing her, had warned her that the
American forces would be a danger to her.
700:
Only one US officer, Captain Green, knew of the fact that Ms. Sgrena was being rescued, after Italian General Mario Marioli mentioned it to him. However, since Marioli added "it is best if no one knows", Green took it as an order not to pass the information on to others.
423:) at excessive speed, and did not slow down or stop after US troops used hand gestures, flashing lights and fired warning shots. The U.S. troops were then allegedly forced to disable the vehicle by firing into the engine block. Checkpoint 504 is a permanent roadblock.
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bend in the road, which obscured the checkpoint from approaching cars: "No signs warning traffic of the presence of a US roadblock—one of the most basic precautionary measures. One of the most important rules was not respected by the soldiers manning the checkpoint."
828:", according to Giuliana Sgrena. The Italian agent driving the car also denied that the car was traveling at an excessive speed and refused to stop at a checkpoint: "We were driving normally. It was a patrol, in an armoured vehicle, that fired without warning."
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The spotlight and the green laser used by the US soldiers had proven effective at halting and making the previous cars turn around. Specialist Mario Lozano had first maneuvered the spotlight, and then switched to the machine gun to shoot the Italian's vehicle.
192:
At around 20:55, the car Sgrena was riding in was fired upon by U.S. troops while on the way to the airport. Nicola Calipari, who had negotiated her release, was killed while allegedly protecting Giuliana Sgrena with his body. Giuliana Sgrena was hit in the
986:
March, due to bad weather. The adverse weather condition was in actuality the reason why ambassador Negroponte moved by car convoy and not by helicopter, which was in turn the reason for the establishment of the blocking point, according to the US report.
722:
and English, they would have been useless to the Italians because they would not have understood them; the Italian report considers these allegations "mildly put absurd", because words like "STOP" and "DANGER" are internationally recognized. In fact,
696:
The US report did note that the unit involved in the incident had received inadequate training on how to deploy armored vehicles in blocking position before a roadblock before leaving for Iraq, and for only 10 days with another unit once it arrived.
710:
Baghdad. The Italian report also noted that the Italian investigators claim that "senior US officers who arrived on the scene of the shooting had criticized the checkpoint for being poorly illuminated, inadequately signaled and badly positioned."
500:, commander of US forces in Iraq, who said that the Italian government had not given the US advance warning about the convoy carrying Ms Sgrena. "I personally do not have any indication of that, even on a preliminary basis", General Casey said.
510:
Giuliana Sgrena's version of the events also only mentions the contact between Calipari and the Italian authorities, but says nothing about any contact with the American authorities whilst she was with him. US forces confiscated cell and
994:
Ballistics experts commissioned by the Investigating Magistrates in Rome responsible for a criminal inquiry who examined the car in Rome came to the conclusion that the car was travelling no faster than 45 mph (60 km/h).
243:. Having summoned the US ambassador to Italy, he declared "It is a pity. This was a joyful moment which made all our compatriots happy, which has been transformed into profound pain by the death of a person who behaved so bravely."
527:, and efforts were made to clear the roadway." The report further concluded that the vehicle was shot while it was traveling towards the road block, not from a point perpendicular to the road, as Gianfranco Fini has insisted.
479:
He also said that the theory of a deliberate attack against Sgrena was "totally unfounded;" he finally repeated his wish that Calipari's death would not induce "unnecessary anti-US feelings" in the Italian public opinion.
973:
of the incident. By measuring the distance the car traveled at 91 yards (83 m) and the time elapsed (less than three seconds), the Pentagon concluded that vehicle had to be going in excess of 60 mph (100 km/h).
735:
vehicle, instead of the prescribed 200–400 m. This, combined with the lack of signalling, would have forced the gunners to be alert and not get distracted for a single second throughout the 80-minute-long mission.
265:, the minister of Agriculture, said: "We want the culprits to be punished, and we demand an explanation from the Americans." He added "We are faithful allies, but we must not let anyone think that we are subordinates."
555:
released an official report that was posted on its website. Classified information (such as the name of the other Sismi agent, the names of the soldiers involved, and coalition troop movements) in the report was
893:
In the interview, Naomi Klein also reported that Sgrena also said that she was very disoriented while in captivity, and that her captors didn't want independent journalists in Iraq talking to the Iraqi people.
939:. The soldier will not be tried in a non-US court if he should face a trial. However, the fact that the soldier's name was revealed enables the Italian Investigating Magistrates (in Rome) to indict him
1460:
601:. There has been some argument about who was first out, but as Neri himself wrote, it was such a simple task that more people could well have noticed in a short time independently of each other.
296:
Leading figures of the Italian left-wing opposition renewed criticism of Italy's participation in the occupation of Iraq, also with support from some members of the right-wing ruling coalition:
376:
Due to the conditions in which the facts unraveled, and due to a mutually suspicious attitude of some of the involved parties, widely different accounts of the incident have been proposed.
219:
shortly after the incident. US Army medics also treated the injured officer on the scene, but he refused a medical evacuation for further assistance. Sgrena underwent surgery to extract
408:
According to initial statements from a senior U.S. military official, the car was traveling at speeds of more than 150 km/h (about 100 mph). He said that troops manning the
1340:
658:), a black and a white car. The blocking position had been maintained for longer time than planned due to faulty communications procedure, which was caused by a failure of the
368:
being released unharmed by Iraqi kidnappers and almost killed by American troops, strengthened the already widespread opposition to the presence of Italian troops in Iraq.
151:. Some have argued she was overconfident because she thought kidnappers would only target pro-American journalists, but others counter she was fully aware of the risks.
609:
The US report cleared the soldiers of the 69th Infantry of any wrongdoing, claiming the unit followed proper procedures and defending the decision by one soldier, Spc.
523:
involved in the blocking position were moved to transport Ms Sgrena to the Combat Support Hospital in the International Zone. Further, the scene was not deemed to be a
1445:
673:
The car was estimated to travel at 50 mph (80 km/h), and it did not brake until fired upon. Eleven rounds were shot on the car, of which five hit the front.
239:, said: "I believe we must have an explanation for such a serious incident, for which someone must take the responsibility." Berlusconi had long been a close ally of
762:
The report also indicated that the idea behind the blocking point was inherently dangerous, as approaching vehicles were forced to turn around on a one-way highway.
249:, the Italian Minister of Reforms, stated that several incidents had already occurred in the liberation of Giuliana Sgrena, the shooting being only the last of them.
978:(not even in the confidential parts, that were accidentally made available), raising questions in the Italian media about whether this footage existed at all.
1415:
1440:
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The report indicated that the soldiers had already turned away about 15–30 cars before the incident, and were alert because of two warnings (BOLOs,
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Giuliana Sgrena had been kidnapped a month earlier, on 4 February, while working as a non-embedded journalist in Iraq for the Italian communist newspaper
1147:
773:, but the soldiers "didn't like to use concertina wire at night because of the danger posed by cars getting tangled up in it and requiring assistance."
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file format, and the classified sentences were covered by a black bar. However, the text below it had not been erased, and was present in the file. A
427:
shooting occurred at a temporary "blocking position" (not a "checkpoint"). The "senior diplomatic VIP" was later acknowledged to have been Ambassador
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In the first few days following the incident, US spokesmen said that the Italian vehicle had been fired upon when it approached U.S. Checkpoint 504 (
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131:. The incident created tension between the two countries, and arguably increased the Italian public's hostility towards the United States.
1148:"Italians say U.S. military's report on deadly checkpoint shooting is inaccurate, claiming soldiers' inexperience and stress are to blame"
48:
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gunners, who already had with other duties, as operating the spotlight. The Americans had claimed that, since such signs are usually in
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stating that "we regret the loss of life" and added that "details are still unclear", and that an investigation would be conducted.
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from her shoulder. The US military did not disclose their whereabouts later. Sgrena arrived in Rome a day after the fatal incident.
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1245:
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317:, said that "After the extremely grave fact of Nicola Calipari's death, pulling troops out of Iraq is an act of public sanity."
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519:'s official report, gave them back before the Italians were taken from the scene. The official report also notes that "both
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341:, said on 6 March that the Parliament, due to debate an extension to the mission on 14 March, should set a clear date for
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The resulting strain on the political relationship between Italy and the United States is the most significant since the
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307:, stated "57 millions Italians united in waiting for Giuliana Sgrena's liberation have a right to know what happened."
41:
35:
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but the report was accidentally published in a form that allowed the redacted information to be easily retrieved.
259:, said to the Italian press agency ANSA: "The Americans must be firmly reminded to respect human and civil rules."
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indicating the presence of a checkpoint ahead, despite the fact that they were positioned around a nearly 90
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had fired on the vehicle 300 to 400 times. The 300 to 400 figure was given by Sgrena's companion in Italy,
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824:. "It was not a checkpoint, but a patrol that fired upon us, right after having illuminated us with a
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404:, then US ambassador in Iraq. His car convoy was the reason for the placement of blocking point 541.
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have "STOP", as in English, written on them, and are identical to those used in the United States.
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504:
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813:"The shooting was not justified by the speed of the vehicle", said Giuliana Sgrena to the Italian
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742:
The Italian report also noted the fact that the soldiers who manned the checkpoint had placed no
451:
212:
172:, the other was Andrea Carpani. One unconfirmed allegation is that the Italian government paid a
1387:, April 27, 2005, "Giuliana Sgrena Blasts U.S. Cover Up, Calls for U.S. and Italy to Leave Iraq"
539:
Approximate map of the incident, according to information the US and Italian reports agree upon.
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avoided the incident, since there was no predetermined itinerary, due to the mission's nature.
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785:, with tape." It is unclear whether these signs would have been used had they been available.
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310:
246:
236:
111:. After the successful retrieval of Sgrena, the car with her and two secret agents came under
820:. "Our vehicle rode a normal speed which should not have induced misunderstanding", she told
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The travel of ambassador Negroponte by car instead of by helicopter, because of bad weather;
268:
204:
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In English-language press, claims appeared about Sgrena claiming that US soldiers and a US
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Two military reports were produced, one by the US Army and one by the Italian government.
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from the car's occupants in the immediate aftermath of the shooting, and according to the
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This version of the events contrasts markedly with a version subsequently referred to the
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also claimed that car almost lost control several times before the shooting as the car
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in the range of millions of US dollars. The agents and Sgrena left by car, heading for
92:
843:, did not appear in most of the Italian accounts; the term "tank" may be an erroneous
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164:
Sgrena was rescued in circumstances yet unclear by Italian secret-service agents from
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168:, the Italian Military Intelligence service, on 4 March 2005. One of the agents was
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Giuliana Sgrena, still in hospital, visited by President of the Italian Republic
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Tens of thousands of Italian citizens paid their respects to Calipari before the
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of Calipari's body allegedly showed that he was struck by a single bullet in the
1352:
1321:"Calipari, reconstruction from the satellite. Sgrena, ransom hypothesis appears"
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in Fallujah. Scolari went on to speculate that they were at 700 metres from the
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I do not see why I should rule out that I could have been the target", she told
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The standards of US troops at checkpoints has been criticized in the past by
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signs—reading—'Stop or you will be shot!' were still in the shop, awaiting a
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A series of unrelated events were registered as contributing to the tragedy:
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The Italian investigators also faulted the US soldiers for not stringing a
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The possibility of reading the complete report was quickly discovered by a
275:, said he did not believe one word of the version presented by the US Army.
839:, who had only talked with her on the phone. The Italian word for "tank",
488:
1012:"Italian journalist wounded after release in Iraq, security officer dead"
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Communications failure between the blocking point and their headquarters;
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US military report on the incident including uncovered redacted portions
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431:, who was unable to have used helicopter transport due to bad weather.
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measurement considering that two soldiers were experienced policemen.
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1031:"Italian Journalist Freed in Iraq Is Nearly Killed by Friendly Fire"
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were too severe for her to speak, since she still had fluid in her
878:(Friday, March 25, 2005), indicated firstly that Giuliana Sgrena's
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The incident prompted criticism from Italian government officials:
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207:. Sgrena and Carpani were wounded. Sgrena was treated by US Army
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of a second Italian intelligence agent, who was driving the car.
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Italian Hostage, Released in Iraq, Is Shot and Wounded by G.I.'s
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613:, to open fire after flashing a light and firing warning shots.
108:
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The Italian version in contrast with the statements of General
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184:
has been widely described as the most dangerous road in Iraq.
20:
1129:"Inexperience of Troops Led to Shooting, Italian Report Says"
769:
barrier which could have stopped the car before reaching the
99:, conducted a covert operation to rescue Italian journalist
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The soldiers were not aware of the arrival of the Italians.
935:, a US National Guardsman. The US is not a member of the
739:
transform a vehicle in a threat to be stopped by force.
503:
General George Casey's statements are backed by General
1181:"Italian report on Baghdad killing rejects US findings"
686:
The daily delay of Ms Sgrena's rescue for several days;
781:
to cover up the 'or you will be shot' phrase, deemed
492:
General George Casey, commander of US forces in Iraq.
1199:"Italian report blames novice soldiers for shooting"
1077:. American Broadcasting Company News. March 8, 2005.
1461:
Military operations of the Iraq War involving Italy
1370:, March 28, 2005, "No Checkpoint, No Self-Defense"
303:, future Prime Minister and at the time leader of
1376:, April 13, 2005, "Italian Journalist: U.S. Lied"
1277:"Outrage as US soldiers kill hostage rescue hero"
1218:"Italy hits back at US report on death of agent"
1252:(in Italian). November 23, 2004. Archived from
1303:"Calipari: a US satellite recorded everything"
1045:"Ex-hostage disputes U.S. account of shooting"
593:, who preferred to maintain anonymous, and by
547:Release of classified information in US report
443:The then Italian minister of foreign affairs,
1364:Giuliana Sgrena's statement after her release
1343:(NY Times March 5, 2005, registration needed)
689:The Italians were not aware of the roadblock;
8:
1025:
1023:
1021:
927:The checkpoint was said to be manned by the
906:). Sgrena has written about alleged use of
579:was sufficient to make the lines reappear.
1167:on the incident, hosted on the website of
182:route from downtown Baghdad to the airport
1142:
1140:
1138:
950:associations, and is now under scrutiny.
331:that pulls the trigger of a machine gun."
71:Learn how and when to remove this message
1117:(in German). Die Zeit. October 11, 2004.
235:The Italian Prime Minister at the time,
34:This article includes a list of general
1446:Friendly fire incidents of the Iraq War
1003:
966:'s analysis of an alleged time-stamped
597:, who posted the versions on his blog,
1089:"Italy disputes U.S. shooting account"
851:, which means "armoured vehicle" or a
355:Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri
271:, Minister for the Relations with the
91:On 4 March 2005, the Italian military
1071:"Was Italian Hostage's Car Speeding?"
380:Speculations on assassination attempt
7:
1091:. CNN. March 8, 2005. Archived from
1047:. CNN. March 6, 2005. Archived from
1416:Civilian casualties in the Iraq War
454:by the minister of foreign affairs
362:Cavalese cable car disaster of 1998
40:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
472:the events was also based on the
127:was killed by US Army Specialist
1275:Willan, Philip (March 6, 2005).
1033:. Worldpress.org. March 8, 2005.
666:was available, it was not used.
662:system used by US Army; whereas
563:The report was published in the
25:
1456:2005 in international relations
1232:"US attacked Sgrena: companion"
1380:Interview with Giuliana Sgrena
1216:Phillips, John (May 3, 2005).
1:
1441:Italy–United States relations
1327:(in Italian). April 29, 2005.
1309:(in Italian). April 29, 2005.
793:enough time to stop the car.
635:) about two possible VBIEDs (
255:, Italian undersecretary for
178:Baghdad International Airport
141:Kidnapping of Giuliana Sgrena
1234:. News24.com. March 5, 2005.
1115:"Nur keine falsche Bewegung"
981:While satellite coverage of
937:International Criminal Court
315:Communist Refoundation Party
305:Italy's opposition coalition
962:released a report based on
929:U.S. 10th Mountain Division
886:from her gunshot injuries.
553:Multinational Force In Iraq
1487:
1014:. wikinews. March 5, 2005.
337:, member of Parliament in
138:
1436:March 2005 events in Iraq
1431:Hostage rescue operations
1246:"Napalm Raid on Falluja?"
1220:. The New Zealand Herald.
1131:. Bloomberg. May 2, 2005.
119:troops along the Baghdad
16:Covert operation by SISMI
1406:2005 in military history
1374:CBS 60 Minutes Interview
1368:Jeremy Scahill, AlterNet
1154:. New York. May 3, 2005.
605:Content of the US report
372:Accounts of the incident
364:. The case, which saw a
1353:Giuliana Sgrena profile
1347:Giuliana Sgrena's photo
870:, in an interview with
858:A fellow journalist at
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416:through large puddles.
188:The shooting of the car
55:more precise citations.
904:Operation Phantom Fury
810:
540:
493:
447:
405:
327:, said that "It's not
159:
88:
1466:Iraq War legal issues
866:Independent reporter
804:
538:
491:
442:
400:
353:on March 8, 2005, at
325:Democrats of the Left
86:
1451:Diplomatic incidents
1256:on February 16, 2005
1165:Italian report (PDF)
807:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
1307:Corriere della Sera
1169:Corriere della Sera
990:Ballistics evidence
464:Camera dei Deputati
155:Rescue and incident
1471:2005 controversies
1205:. UK. May 3, 2005.
811:
541:
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452:Italian Parliament
448:
406:
89:
954:Satellite footage
918:Specific findings
484:American rebuttal
311:Fausto Bertinotti
247:Roberto Calderoli
237:Silvio Berlusconi
211:on the scene and
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1095:on April 7, 2005
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1051:on April 6, 2005
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941:in absentia
872:Amy Goodman
868:Naomi Klein
845:translation
815:news agency
809:on March 7.
599:Macchianera
525:crime scene
414:hydroplaned
291:condolences
281:White House
53:introducing
1400:Categories
999:References
779:technician
725:stop signs
648:mprovised
573:PDF reader
410:checkpoint
343:withdrawal
273:Parliament
139:See also:
135:Background
105:kidnappers
61:March 2011
36:references
968:satellite
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783:offensive
771:roadblock
652:xplosive
571:from the
474:testimony
357:in Rome.
227:Reactions
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1362:Guardian
1283:. London
1075:ABC News
960:CBS News
900:Fallujah
880:injuries
849:blindato
558:redacted
387:Sky TG24
289:offered
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195:shoulder
1287:May 22,
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517:US Army
366:hostage
201:Autopsy
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521:HMMWVs
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180:. The
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902:(see
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