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payment of $ 150 per family at the start of the program and gradually increased to $ 600 per family by the end of the program. This was a significant amount of money as a fisherman working in the inshore fishery was generally earning under $ 500 per year. In order for a community to be eligible for assistance every member would have to agree to relocate. By 1965 the program had helped resettle 115 communities with a combined population of 7500.
19:
242:
residents who needed to agree to the move decreased to 90% and later to 80%. A second federal-provincial agreement was started in 1970, with responsibility being shared by the federal
Department of Regional Economic Expansion (DREE) and the provincial Department of Community and Social Development. Between 1965 and 1975 some 148 communities were abandoned, involving the relocation of an additional 20,000 people.
148:, where the loss of an important source of income caused widespread out-migration. Some communities have tried to compensate by fishing shellfish, crab and shrimp, but their stocks are faltering in recent years. The moratorium is still in effect, but it has been slightly loosened to allow for some fishing. However, the stocks remain critical according to industry experts.
216:
241:
In 1965 the provincial and federal governments partnered in a new resettlement program. The new program was administered by the
Department of Fisheries. Under the new program the assistance was increased to $ 1000 per family plus $ 200 for each dependant in addition to moving costs. The proportion of
232:
In 1954 the provincial
Department of Welfare introduced a program to encourage residents of small coastal communities to move to larger "growth centres". The government would pay for the relocation of all of a family's belongings as well as their house to the new community. This was changed to a cash
254:
Despite a community voting in favour, state-assisted relocation has been refused in some settlements, where the cost for compensation exceeds the amount saved in services cut. Even if
Nippers Harbour voted with a majority of 98%, the government has declared that the consequences to the economy would
57:
The history and commerce of
Newfoundland and Labrador was built on the fishery and thus many small communities were established throughout the entire coastal region. Some of these communities were seasonal fishing stations and some eventually grew into communities which were very much isolated from
172:
Between 1946 and 1954, it is estimated that 49 communities were abandoned without government intervention. Government officials had long petitioned for a greater concentration of the population, citing many benefits. In 1953 the
Newfoundland Department of Welfare offered small amounts of financial
45:
were initiated by the
Government between 1954 and 1975 which resulted in the abandonment of 300 communities and nearly 30,000 people moved. Government's attempt of resettlement has been viewed as one of the most controversial government programs of the post-Confederation Newfoundland and Labrador.
250:
State-assisted relocation is still practiced in
Newfoundland and Labrador, but the requests must come from the communities themselves. The modern Community Relocation Policy clearly states that the government cannot encourage or "initiate any actions" to promote resettlement. Essential services,
151:
The ever-shrinking communities are struggling with an aging population that needs access to essential services. As of
October 2017, the province's marine transportation system costs $ 76 million annually. It is often cited as a burden to the economy, requiring spending millions of dollars to
316:
describes the issue, with lyrics such as "It's surely a sad sight, their movin' around,/ A-wishin they still lived by the cod-fishin' ground;/ But there's no goin' back now, there's nothing to gain,/ Now that they've played in the government game." The song
160:
Prior to the start of the government sponsored resettlement program many communities were abandoned for various reasons including disease, lack of work and natural disaster. One of the earliest examples of this is the community of
69:
districts had a combined population of 41,368. By 1935 the population of the
Conception Bay districts had increased by over 4,500 people, while the population of St. John's had more than doubled to 65,256 people.
37:
terms refers to an organized approach to centralize the population into growth areas. It is used in the current context when referring to a voluntary relocation initiated from isolated communities themselves.
58:
much of the country except for water transportation or overland hiking trails. In many communities the seasonal inshore cod fishery provided both sustenance and the vast majority of employment opportunities.
26:
calls at a remote outport on La Poile Bay in southwestern Newfoundland in 1971. Such communities as this were depopulated through resettlement programs of the provincial government between 1954 and 1975.
251:
including electricity, are terminated in the communities where the vote reaches a threshold of 90-per-cent. In 2013, the compensation was boosted from $ 100,000 to $ 270,000 per household.
173:
assistance to residents of 110 communities to accelerate the process which had come naturally. This became the beginning of the government assisted resettlement program for the province.
1097:
591:
271:
205:
61:
In the early 20th century, settlement patterns and population distribution were changing due to a number of factors. Newfoundlanders began moving to larger centres such as
363:
141:
82:
710:
662:
321:
also describes the resettlement, noting how residents left "with their houses in tow" by physically shipping buildings to their new homes. His best-known play
49:
In the 21st century, the Community Relocation Policy allows for voluntary relocation of isolated settlements. From 2002 to 2020, nine communities relocated.
1092:
801:
760:
485:
289:
In 2021, the provincial government's Community Relocation Policy was changed lowering the vote required for relocation from 90 percent to 75 percent.
786:
437:
349:
Newfoundland-based photographer April MacDonald has extensively documented the legacy of homes and villages abandoned by resettled Newfoundlanders.
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802:"'If I wants to go, I'll go,' says Gaultois man as Newfoundland and Labrador changes resettlement requirements | SaltWire"
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196:, in his efforts to provide health and educational benefits to the people of southern Labrador and the northern coast of the
510:
957:
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638:
564:
537:
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34:
197:
787:"An emotionally fraught decision: Should residents of remote Newfoundland outports resettle? | National Post"
1038:
89:
drew many people from coastal towns and villages. These areas contributed to growth in other areas such as
169:
for work in 1873. The remaining residents slowly moved away and the community was abandoned in the 1910s.
908:"First test of new government relocation policy fails as Francois residents vote against resettlement"
617:""No Great Future" Government Sponsored Resettlement in Newfoundland and Labrador since Confederation"
308:
The social change caused by resettlement has appeared in some works of literature and music. The song
368:
275:
145:
882:
42:
283:
259:
986:
490:
469:
420:
388:
221:
438:"An emotionally fraught decision: Should residents of remote Newfoundland outports resettle?"
342:
193:
166:
78:
687:"Is the sun finally setting on Newfoundland's outports? How one community wants to move on"
18:
592:"Hanging on: outports on south west coast of Newfoundland still alive, despite challenges"
333:
177:
856:
279:
66:
958:"All is quiet in Gaultois as relocation vote gets underway in isolated N.L. community"
857:"Government Lowers Required Percentage of Community to Vote in Favour of Resettlement"
1086:
152:
guarantee frequent transport from communities with no more than a hundred residents.
130:
102:
616:
118:
86:
77:
went through major changes in resource development that affected areas outside the
1062:
980:
761:"Leaving home: Growing number of N.L. outports make wrenching choice to resettle"
332:
The resettlement of an outport community is a focal point of Newfoundland author
267:
313:
538:"$ 42K per resident: Set sail on Newfoundland's most expensive ferry service"
65:. For example, in 1874 the population of St. John's was 30,574 and the major
176:
Labrador on a much smaller scale was experiencing a resettlement when the
165:. The community lost 3/4 of its inhabitants after they decided to move to
297:
126:
74:
389:"Provincial Government Announces Changes to Community Relocation Policy"
263:
114:
90:
326:
98:
663:"Resettlement offer appealing to tiny N.L. communities, say leaders"
200:, also helped to the centralization of populations in areas such as
711:"Nippers Harbour residents want to leave, while government says no"
117:
also contributed to the movement of people away from the outports.
511:"Far from a temporary move: N.L.'s cod moratorium is 25 years old"
215:
181:
121:
also had a part to play when air force bases were built at
646:
Department of Municipal Affairs, Newfoundland and Labrador
842:"Little Bay Islands gets $ 10M to cover resettlement tab"
982:
Writers of Newfoundland and Labrador: Twentieth Century
883:"Province Makes Changes to Community Relocation Policy"
735:"Snook's Arm, population 10, approved for relocation"
180:
in the northern part of Labrador was relocating the
459:
457:
412:
410:
408:
827:"Little Bay Islands votes unanimously to resettle"
329:of the dead lament the abandonment of their home.
237:Second and Third Resettlement Programs (1965-1975)
559:
557:
286:became the most recent settlement to resettle.
282:(2018) and Little Bay Islands (2019). In 2019,
258:Since 2000, eight communities have relocated —
1014:"Nfld. poet, playwright Al Pittman dead at 61"
935:"Gaultois residents vote against resettlement"
364:Collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod fishery
1098:Populated places in Newfoundland and Labrador
657:
655:
340:, and its theatrical feature film adaptation
8:
133:, and the booming international airport in
505:
503:
81:. The construction of paper mills in both
486:Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador
465:Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador
417:Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador
325:is set in a resettled outport, where the
144:especially affected Newfoundland's rural
1039:"Michael Crummey: How I Wrote Sweetland"
532:
530:
97:. Mineral discoveries at places such as
17:
380:
212:First Resettlement Program (1954-1965)
296:voted against resettlement. In 2023,
292:Following the policy change, in 2021
7:
359:History of Newfoundland and Labrador
565:"Newfoundland Resettlement Program"
246:Community Relocation Policy (2010s)
1093:Populated coastal places in Canada
840:Power, Leigh Anne (Apr 19, 2019).
14:
956:Roberts, Terry (March 16, 2023).
933:Roberts, Terry (April 21, 2023).
800:Sweet, Barb (November 17, 2021).
1063:"Abandoned Architecture as Art"
979:Lisa De Leon (1 January 1985).
855:King, Allison (Oct 29, 2021).
73:Other parts of the island and
1:
639:"COMMUNITY RELOCATION POLICY"
224:: a house being relocated to
1103:Settlement schemes in Canada
300:voted against resettlement.
881:Ward, Nick (Oct 27, 2021).
312:by the Newfoundland writer
1126:
266:(2003), Big Brook (2004),
829:. CBC News. Feb 14, 2019.
570:The Canadian Encyclopedia
35:Newfoundland and Labrador
198:Great Northern Peninsula
1108:Rural society in Canada
489:, Volume four, p. 588,
468:, Volume four, p. 587,
419:, Volume four, p. 585,
255:outweigh the benefits.
229:
27:
619:. Memorial University
220:1961 Resettlement of
219:
21:
369:Newfoundland outport
319:Out From St Leonards
1018:Theglobeandmail.com
985:. Jesperson Press.
914:. December 16, 2021
765:Toronto.citynews.ca
310:The Government Game
184:to centres such as
142:1992 cod moratorium
691:The Globe and Mail
590:Mercer, Nicholas.
393:Releases.gov.nl.ca
284:Little Bay Islands
260:Great Harbour Deep
230:
41:Three attempts of
28:
1020:. August 28, 2001
992:978-0-920502-58-7
276:William's Harbour
222:Silver Fox Island
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194:Wilfred Grenfell
167:Anticosti Island
79:Avalon Peninsula
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767:. May 16, 2018
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741:. Nov 15, 2017
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336:'s 2014 novel
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67:Conception Bay
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272:Round Harbour
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206:Charlottetown
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156:Prior to 1954
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103:Labrador City
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1070:. Retrieved
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1046:. Retrieved
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1022:. Retrieved
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996:. Retrieved
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962:. Retrieved
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916:. Retrieved
911:
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890:. Retrieved
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864:. Retrieved
860:
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809:. Retrieved
806:Saltwire.com
805:
795:
781:
769:. Retrieved
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743:. Retrieved
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718:. Retrieved
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694:. Retrieved
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670:. Retrieved
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621:. Retrieved
611:
599:. Retrieved
596:Saltwire.com
595:
585:
574:. Retrieved
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545:. Retrieved
541:
518:. Retrieved
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484:
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463:
445:. Retrieved
442:Nationalpost
441:
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396:. Retrieved
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123:Stephenville
119:World War II
107:St. Lawrence
87:Corner Brook
72:
60:
56:
48:
43:resettlement
40:
31:Resettlement
30:
29:
23:
15:
998:7 September
844:. CBC News.
623:20 February
280:Snook's Arm
268:Grand Bruit
202:St. Anthony
83:Grand Falls
1087:Categories
1072:2018-02-02
1048:2018-02-02
1024:2020-11-14
960:. CBC News
937:. CBC News
918:1 February
892:1 February
866:1 February
811:27 January
771:25 January
745:25 January
720:2017-12-29
696:2017-12-29
672:2017-12-29
601:1 February
576:2008-11-03
547:2017-12-29
520:2017-12-29
447:2021-03-15
398:2017-12-29
375:References
314:Al Pittman
111:Baie Verte
63:St. John's
53:Background
22:The ferry
964:April 22,
941:April 22,
343:Sweetland
338:Sweetland
323:West Moon
131:Goose Bay
95:Deer Lake
912:CBC News
887:V0CM.com
861:VOCM.com
715:CBC News
667:CBC News
542:CBC News
515:CBC News
353:See also
298:Gaultois
294:François
278:(2017),
274:(2016),
270:(2010),
262:(2002),
146:outports
127:Argentia
75:Labrador
24:Hopedale
648:. 2013.
264:Petites
115:Buchans
91:Botwood
1043:CBC.ca
989:
739:CBC.ca
493:
472:
423:
327:ghosts
304:In art
192:. Dr.
186:Hebron
135:Gander
99:Wabush
642:(PDF)
226:Dover
182:Inuit
163:Garia
1000:2013
987:ISBN
966:2023
943:2023
920:2022
894:2022
868:2022
813:2022
773:2022
747:2022
625:2013
603:2022
491:ISBN
470:ISBN
421:ISBN
204:and
190:Nain
188:and
140:The
129:and
113:and
101:and
93:and
85:and
346:.
33:in
1089::
1065:.
1041:.
1016:.
910:.
885:.
859:.
804:.
763:.
737:.
713:.
689:.
665:.
654:^
644:.
594:.
567:.
556:^
540:.
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456:^
440:.
407:^
391:.
208:.
137:.
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109:,
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1002:.
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896:.
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775:.
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401:.
228:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
