Reservation in India - Knowledge (XXG)

234:, thus estimating the group's population at 52 per cent. In 1980, the commission's report recommended that a reserved quota for OBCs of 27 per cent should apply in respect of services and public sector bodies operated by the Union Government. It called for a similar change to admissions to institutes of higher education, except where states already had more generous requirements. It was not until the 1990s that the recommendations were implemented in Union Government jobs. In 2006, the Union government extended reservations for Other Backward Classes in institutes of higher education it substantially funded. In 2019 the government announces the 10% reservation in educational institutions and government jobs for economically weaker section of the general category. 3114:(4) Reservation being an extreme form of protective measure or affirmative action it should be confined to minority of seats. Even though the Constitution does not lay down any specific bar but the constitutional philosophy being against proportional equality the principle of balancing equality ordains reservation, of any manner, not to exceed 50%.", "Reservation in promotion is constitutionally impermissible as once the advantaged and disadvantaged are made equal and are brought in one class or group then any further benefit extended for promotion on the inequality existing prior to being brought in the group would be treating equals unequally. It would not be eradicating the effects of past discrimination but perpetuating it. 2488:, sports professional, media professional or any other vocations of like status. If the husband holds one of the above jobs and the wife does not then the husband's income will be taken into consideration and if the wife holds one of the above jobs then the wife's income will be taken into consideration. The income of the family as a whole will be taken into account because the whole point of the reservation system is to raise the social status of the people that belong to the SC's, ST's and OBCs and if a family's income is high already it is considered that it raises their social status as well. 1369:, the OBC community is divided into OBC A & B. In West Bengal there is no reservation on religious basis but some economically and educationally backward Muslim castes (basis surnames pertaining to different profession e.g. cobbler, weaver etc.) have been included along with their Hindu counterparts in the OBC list namely OBC A and OBC B, in both lists caste from both communities are there. But in higher educational institutes, till now there is no reservation for the OBC community but there is reservation in regard to admission in primary, secondary and higher secondary studies. 330: 2275: • Scheduled Castes (SC) (13%) • Scheduled Tribes (ST) (7%) • Other Backward Classes (OBC) (19%) • • Special Backward Classes (SBC) (2%) • • Nomadic Tribes – A (Vimukta jati) (3%) • • Nomadic Tribes – B (2.5%) • • Nomadic Tribes – C ( 2027: 277: 2089: • Scheduled Castes – 15% • Scheduled Tribes – 6% • Backward Classes (A, B, C, D) – 27% • Physically Handicapped (Blind, Deaf & Dumb and OPH) – 3% (1% each) • Ex-servicemen (APMS only) – 1% (0.5% in general category) • Women – 33.33% (in all categories, means 16.66% in general category) 2163:, 36.01% of the population are EBCs, and 27.13% are OBCs.For SCs, the proposed new quota is 20%, up from the existing 14%. The SC population is estimated at 19.65%. The quota for STs, however, is proposed to be slashed from 10% to 2%. With most of the tribal areas going to Jharkhand after the bifurcation of Bihar in 2000, the tribal population in Bihar is less than 2%. 1396:

have access to political capital through family circles and are faced with the burden of a huge learning curve. Again, women are divided among caste and class lines with this dichotomy playing an important role in deciding how the presence of women in the lowest tier of governance impact the problems faced by the women of the constituency

428:. In 2006, the Supreme Court upheld the amendments but stipulated that the concerned state will have to show, in each case, the existence of "compelling reasons" - which include "backwardness", "inadequacy of representation" and overall "administrative efficiency - before making provisions for reservation. The court further held that these provisions are merely 1518:, criticised the government decision, saying "Such promises will not help the backward section of minorities. It is like befooling them. These people are making tall claims just to win elections". He suggested that instead of promising to give reservations, the government should focus on basic issues of improving administration and governance. 1604:) for increased reservation benefits. They began violently protesting on the streets of Rajasthan and blocked several rail lines. Police firing on Gujjars began a tit-for-tat cycle of violence between Police and Gujjars. The violence ended with 37 people dead. Their move was opposed by the Meenas, the main ST community in Rajasthan. 238:

Article 46 of the Constitution states that "The State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation."

2200: • Scheduled Castes – 2% • Scheduled Tribes – 12% • Other Backward Classes – 27% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% • Physically handicapped - 3% • Ex-servicemen - 2% • Sportspersons - 3% 2230:

In Haryana OBCs are divided into A, B, C categories, each with 11%, 6% and 6% reservation respectively. Reservations in promotions are different, although still based on population. In 2021, Haryana passed a law mandating 75% reservation in private-sector jobs with incomes less than ₹25,000 for local

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in Gujarat. This movement consisted of massive demonstrations across the state, led by Hardik Patel. Later many of these protests turned violent, resulting in curfews across the state and crores worth of damage. Talks with the government broke down, and the violence restarted. After the Jat agitation

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quashed the sub-quota. The court said that the sub-quota has been carved out only on religious lines and not on any other intelligible basis. The court criticized the decision: "In fact, we must express our anguish at the rather casual manner in which the entire issue has been taken up by the central

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The 81st amendment was made to the Constitution to permit the government to treat the backlog of reserved vacancies as a separate and distinct group, to which the ceiling of 50 per cent did not apply. The 82nd amendment inserted a provision in Article 335 to enable states to give concessions to SC/ST

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has not voted on the bill. Critics say gender cannot be held as a basis for reservation alone other factors should also be considered e.g. economic, social conditions of woman candidates especially when applying reservation for educated women. The criticism points that the policy benefits women that

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ruled in 1992 that reservations could not exceed 50 percent, anything above which it judged would violate equal access as guaranteed by the Constitution. It thus put a cap on reservations. However, the recent amendment of the constitution exceeds 50% and also there are state laws that exceed this 50

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We reiterate that the ceiling-limit of 50%, the concept of creamy layer and the compelling reasons, namely, backwardness, inadequacy of representation and overall administrative efficiency are all constitutional requirements without which the structure of equality of opportunity in Article 16 would

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Since Delhi is a Union territory and subject to the Central government, government jobs in Delhi are designated Central Government jobs. In a 2018 Supreme Court decision, it was decided that since Delhi is the capital and no one is an "outsider" there reservations in the territory should follow the

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The Government of Andhra Pradesh introduced a law enabling 4 percent reservations for Muslims in 2004. This law was upheld by the Supreme Court in an interim order in 2010 but it constituted a Constitution bench to look further into the issue. The referral was to examine the constitutional validity

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in education and employment. On 21 July 2021, Karnataka implemented the policy, making the state the first in the country to provide one percent reservation for the transgender community in all government services. The government submitted a report to the High Court in this regard, informing that a

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Gujarat also implemented a 33% reservation for general category women in government jobs. The government also banned reserved category applicants from competing for general category seats, but this was revoked in 2020. Similarly the women reservation was made cutting across all categories in 2020.

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The Reservation in the State of Bihar was increased on 9 November 2023.With the existing 10% quota for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS), the effective quota will be 75%. The main beneficiaries are the EBCs and OBCs, whose quota is proposed to be raised from 12% to 25% and 8% to 18% respectively.

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judgement laid down the limits of the state's powers: it upheld the ceiling of 50.21 percent quotas, emphasised the concept of "social backwardness", and prescribed 11 indicators to ascertain backwardness. The judgement also established the concept of qualitative exclusion, such as "creamy layer".

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a). If an individual has migrated recently and temporarily, they can't claim reservation in respect to the migrated state/UT but can claim it in respect to the state/UT of origin. b). If individuals have migrated permanently in the recent past and have a notable population of the community in the

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amongst the erstwhile unreserved category students. The definition of 'economically weaker sections' will be defined by the State from time to time. The constitutional amendment has laid down that they will be restricted to people with household income less than 8 Lakh per annum and those who own

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throughout Maharashtra. Their demands included death for the accused as well as reservations for the Maratha community which makes up 16% of the state's population. Some road blocks turned violent in 2017 and 2018, but overall the protests were peaceful. Their demand was met when the Maharashtra

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In central-government funded higher education institutions, 22.5% of available seats are reserved for Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) students (7.5% for STs, 15% for SCs). This reservation percentage has been raised to 49.5% by including an additional 27% reservation for OBCs. This

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has 47% reservation in educational institutions and government jobs. In addition to vertical reservation, the state gives 30% horizontal reservation to women, 5% to the ex-servicemen (ES), 4% to persons with disability (PWD), 2% to the dependants of freedom fighters (DFF), and 5% to the orphans

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In 1954, the Ministry of Education suggested that 20 percent of places should be reserved for the SCs and STs in educational institutions with a provision to relax minimum qualifying marks for admission by 5 percent wherever required. In 1982, it was specified that 15 percent and 7.5 percent of

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and backward classes, much of which came into effect in 1902. He provided free education to everyone and opened several hostels to make it easier for them to receive it. He also tried to ensure that people thus educated were suitably employed, and he appealed both for a class-free India and the

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The Constitution of India states in article 15(4): "Nothing in or in clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially, and educationally backward classes of citizens of or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes."

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for admission in educational institutions and government jobs and held that the 50% cap on quota is not inviolable and affirmative action on economic basis may go a long way in eradicating caste-based reservation. This constitutional amendment pushed the total reservation to 59.50% in central

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In the reservation system in India, the central government notifies castes as SC, ST, or OBC categories based on socio-historical background, while exclusion from reservation benefits is determined by an individual's socio-economic status, nativeness, and religion. For SC and ST individuals,

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On 27 October 2015, the Supreme Court directed the state and the Central governments to end the regional quota and to ensure that super-specialty medical courses are kept "unreserved, open and free" from any domicile status after the court had allowed petitions files by some MBBS doctors.

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The Union Government on 22 December 2011 announced the establishment of a sub-quota of 4.5% for religious minorities within the existing 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes. The reasoning given was that Muslim communities that have been granted OBC status are unable to compete with

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In Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh, 32% of posts are reserved for females in all government departments and services, such as police, health, education and general administration. From 2015 onwards Kerala has implemented a 55% reservation for all posts of its local self governing bodies.

192:, had to favor it. After negotiations, Gandhi reached an agreement with Ambedkar to have a single Hindu electorate, with backward classes having more seats reserved within it. Electorates for other religions, such as Islam and Sikhism, remained separate. This became known as the 7157: 1622:, and almost ₹34000 crores ($ 4.8 billion) worth of property was damaged and 30 were killed. Bowing to the pressure, the Haryana government created a special category for Jats and other upper castes called BC, and appointed 10% reservation, but the measure was blocked in court. 1320:, OBC reservation is divided into 26.5% Backward Caste, 3.5 Backward Caste (M) and 20% Most Backward Caste and 10.5% sub quota for Vanniyars, introduced by AIADMK in 2020,7% for DNT. The 7.5% for Vanniyars was quashed void by Madras High Court. The SC quota has 3% sub-quota for 2227: • Scheduled Castes – 20% • Other Backward Classes – 23% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% • Ex-servicemen – 5% • Sportspersons – 3% • Physically handicapped – 3% 1429: 2012:

The NCBC also recommended sub-division of OBCs into "backward", "more backward" and "extremely backward" groups and to divide the 27 per cent quota amongst them in proportion to their population, to ensure that stronger OBCs do not corner the quota benefits.

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by a 3:2 verdict in Janhit Abhiyan vs Union Of India Writ Petition (Civil) No(S). 55 OF 2019, upheld the validity of the 103rd constitutional amendment carried out to provide legal sanction carve out 10% reservation for the economically weaker sections from

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Government Universities will allot based on the same priority as previously mentioned, along with, reservation percentage under consideration for entrance exams fees, for cut off marks, for allotment of seats and also applicable to other government schemes.

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ceiling area will be excluded from the reservation. They would only be under reservation if the land is exclusively unirrigated. Those with vacant buildings can use them for residential, industrial or commercial purposes, hence they are not covered under

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case when Justice VR Krishna Iyer said that the "benefits of the reservation shall be snatched away by the top creamy layer of the backward class, thus leaving the weakest among the weak and leaving the fortunate layers to consume the whole of the cake".

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or the Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC) Commission was established to assess the situation of the socially and educationally backward classes. The commission did not have exact population figures for the OBCs and so used data from the

184:. The depressed classes, roughly corresponding to the STs and SCs, were assigned a number of seats to be filled by election from constituencies in which only they could vote, although they could also vote in other seats. The proposal was controversial: 2457:"if the wife of an officer in the armed forces is in civil employment, this will not be taken into account for applying the rule of exclusion unless she falls in the service category under item No.II in which case the criteria and conditions" 2537: 1774: 1617:

to get this status. To this effect they began protesting by blockading roads and lines, but later the protests turned violent. Riots spread to Delhi and western Uttar Pradesh, and even Rajasthan. The epicentre of the violence was in

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in 2011. The decision was challenged in the Supreme Court, which upheld it in 2012 by rejecting the government's argument because it failed to furnish sufficient valid data to justify the move to promote employees on a caste basis.

211:(SCs and STs) and after the 1980s in favour of OBCs (Other Backward Castes) and in 2019 for poor in the general category. The country's affirmative action program was launched in 1950 and is the oldest such programme in the world. 1664:

government instituted a special SEBC (Socially and Educationally Backward Classes) category for them with 16% reservation. The Supreme Court of India later however, declared the SEBC reservation for Marathas as unconstitutional.

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was given ascension after having been introduced during the Special Session of the Parliament of India. The amendment seeks to allocate 33 percent of the seats in the Lok Sabha and elected state legislative assemblies for women.

2004:

The creamy layer criteria were introduced at Rs 1 lakh in 1993 and revised to Rs 2.5 lakh in 2004, ₹4.5 lakh in 2008 and ₹6 lakh in 2013, but now the ceiling has been raised to ₹8 lakh (in September 2017). In October 2015, the

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has a quota of 12% for Muslims. Religious minority (Muslim or Christian) educational institutes also have 50% reservation for Muslim or Christian religions. The Central government has listed a number of Muslim communities as

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government has allotted 3.5% of seats each to Muslims and Christians, thereby altering the OBC reservation to 23% from 30% (since it excludes persons belonging to Other Backward Castes who are either Muslims or Christians).

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struck down the order and directed the Tamil Nadu government to provide 1% horizontal reservations to the transgender community in education and employment, ruling that the GO violated Articles 14, 15, 16, 19 and 21 of the

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government passed the first Communal Government Order (G. O. # 613), thereby becoming the first elected body in the Indian legislative history to legislate reservations, which have since become standard across the country.

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Applicable. Those families with 'Residential plot of 100 sq. yards and above in notified municipalities' are not eligible. Those families with 'Residential plot of 200 sq. yards and above in other areas' are not eligible.

432:. If a state government wishes to make provisions for reservation to SC/STs in the promotion, the state has to collect quantifiable data showing backwardness of the class and inadequacy of representation of that class. 2173: • Scheduled Castes – 12% ( now 16%) • Scheduled Tribes – 32% ( now 20%) • Other Backward Classes – 14% • Economically Weaker Sections – no provision 2742:

Reservation for Other Backward Classes in Indian Central Government Institutions Like IITs, IIMs and AIIMS – A Study of the Role of Media Fuzzy Super FRM Models: A Study of the Role of Media Using Fuzzy Super Frm

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notification had already been issued after amending the Karnataka Civil Service. The job could be given to males or females, from the same category, in case of the non-availability of transgender candidates.

2155:, Bihar has a sub-quota within OBC quota of 18% for Extremely Backward Castes (EBCs) and 3% for Backward Caste women in government jobs and educational institutes. EWS reservation was implemented in 2019. 1875:

Applicable. Those with 'Annual family income of 8 lakhs' and above are not eligible. While calculating annual family income, all types of income – (including salary and agricultural income) are included.

4202: 118:. His 1902 measures created 50 percent reservation for backward communities. In 1918, at the behest of several non-Brahmin organizations criticizing Brahmin domination of administration, the Mysore Raja 3340: 5397: 5320: 1659:, the dominant caste of Maharashtra, have been agitating for OBC status since the 1990s. In 2016, after the rape and murder of a 15-year old Maratha girl in Kopardi, the Maratha community organized 7621: 3308: 4432: 6373: 5773: 5217: 1404: 4005: 2092:

Andhra Pradesh BC quota has sub-quotas for castes, classified in A, B, C and D. Addition of disabled, ex-serviceman, women in general category 16.66% makes total reservation percentage 66.66%.

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Andhra Pradesh state percentage of reservation is around 50%. Including the overall 1/3 reservation for women, 66.66% of seats are reserved in Andhra Pradesh in Education and Government jobs.

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The landmark initiative of Special Recruitment for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe in Government jobs was started in Kerala in 1972 by Vella Eacharan. The 1993 Supreme Court ruling in the

406: 2262: • Scheduled Castes – 10% • Scheduled Tribes – 26% • Other Backward Classes – 14% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% 2686: 2299: • Scheduled Castes – 19% • Scheduled Tribes – 4% • Other Backward Classes – 14% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% 2213: • Scheduled Castes – 7% • Scheduled Tribes – 15% • Other Backward Classes – 27% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% 2112: • Scheduled Castes – 7% • Scheduled Tribes – 15% • Other Backward Classes – 27% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% 5031: 2148: • Scheduled Castes – 20% • Scheduled Tribes – 2% • Other Backward Classes – 43% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% 2241: • Scheduled Castes – 25% • Scheduled Tribes – 4% • Other Backward Classes – 20% • Economically Weaker Sections – 10% 1354:

In Northeast India, e.g. in Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Mizoram, reservation for ST in State Govt. jobs is 80% with only 20% unreserved. In the Central Universities of

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A common form of caste discrimination in India was the practice of untouchability. SCs were the primary targets of the practice, which was outlawed by the new Constitution of India.

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Gujarat was one of the first states to implement EWS reservation, which applies to general category candidates with less than ₹8 lakhs income, not including other assets like land.

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Included among this category are Class I or Class II officers, unless dead or incapacitated. The criteria used for Group A and B are the same as the employees of the Public sector.

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announced Assembly elections in five states on 24 December 2011. The government would not have been able to announce this due to the model code of conduct. On 12 January 2012, the

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Applicable. Children of governmental staff belonging to 'Group A' or equivalent categories are not eligible for OBC reservation. There are some criteria for 'Group B' staff also.

8316: 4226: 4163: 3484: 3509: 5116: 4965: 4141: 2418:, members of the State Public Service Commission, Chief Election Commissioner, Comptroller Auditor-General of India or any person holding positions of a constitutional nature. 1446: 1872:

Applicable. Annual family (other) income of 8 lakhs. Only 'Other Income' is considered. Salary and agricultural income not included while calculating annual family income.

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ratio is followed even in Parliament and all elections where a few constituencies are earmarked for those from certain communities (which will next rotate in 2026 per the

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case said that reservations in job promotions are "unconstitutional" or not in accordance with the political constitution but allowed its continuation for five years.

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before the five-year period expired to continue with reservations for SC/STs in promotions. It was further modified through the 85th amendment to give the benefit of

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and there were many other measures put in place prior to independence. The depressed classes were provided some seats in 1919 before seeing further increase in 1925.

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Government and public sector hiring based on merit in open category and one more anomaly here i.e., priority in hiring is the same as for the reserved category.

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In India student aids are available for—SCs, STs, BCs, OBCs, women, Muslims, and other minorities. Only about 0.7% of student aids in India is based on merit.

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collapse.", "As stated above, the impugned provision is an enabling provision. The State is not bound to make reservation for SC/ST in matter of promotions.

8311: 7011: 6636: 5371: 4355: 4073: 3180: 2330: 1997: 395: 2661: 7781: 7333: 5768: 4657: 3372: 1574:(OBCs) in central and private institutes of higher education. This move led to massive protests, particularly from students and doctors belonging to the 5242: 4919: 4039: 1801:(NIT) and Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) have provision of reservation in admission process for undergraduate and graduate programs. 7386: 7203: 7087: 6867: 6559: 5517: 4306: 8663: 3451: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8248: 7857: 7824: 4105: 2006: 680: 3126: 7845: 5821: 5005: 4945: 1673: 7107: 6214: 5991: 5663: 2533: 2009:(NCBC) proposed that a person belonging to OBC with an annual family income of up to ₹15 lakh should be considered as minimum ceiling for OBC. 1770: 3790: 8443: 8377: 7001: 6703: 6543: 6528: 6322: 6252: 5582: 5551: 5465: 3827: 3648: 2824: 2797: 2751: 2723: 2345: 2325: 2044: 1553: 294: 231: 208: 4407: 8622: 8193: 8188: 8049: 7862: 7786: 6859: 6523: 3894: 2768: 6130: 4381: 2203:

In 2014, the quota for OBC reservation was raised from 19.5% to 27%. In June 2019, Goa implemented EWS reservation in jobs and education.

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The 2006 Indian anti-reservation protests were a series of protests that took place in India in 2006 in opposition to the decision of the

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introduced reservation in job promotions. However, citing the Supreme Court decision, the policy was ruled to be unconstitutional by the

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While hiring, major priority is given to reservation category including 33% reservation for Women, priority in hiring is given by :

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provided 44% reservation to Non-Brahmin Hindus, 16% to Brahmins, Muslims, Christians, and Anglo-Indians, and 8% to Scheduled Castes.

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Shourie, Arun (2012). Falling over backwards: An essay on reservations and judicial populism. New Delhi: HarperCollins Publishers.

3868: 2186: • Scheduled Castes - 15% • Scheduled Tribes - 7% • Other Backward Classes - 27% 1634:

began in 2016, the Patidars flared up again and led a march through Gujarat, but protests in several cities turned violent and the

4804:"Reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWSs) in direct recruitment in civil posts and services in the Government of India" 4337: 4280: 8321: 7707: 7702: 7695: 7318: 7288: 6393: 6358: 6135: 2451:(i.e., the category under consideration) the rule of exclusion will apply only when she herself has reached the rank of Colonel." 2355: 1481: 477: 135: 122:

created a committee to implement reservations for non-Brahmins in government jobs and education over the opposition of his Diwan

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The validity of all the above four amendments was challenged in the Supreme Court through various petitions clubbed together in

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community in Andhra Pradesh began leading protests to be classified in Backward Classes. The agitation became violent when in

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has commented that these criteria cover almost 100 percent of the population. Several petitions have been filed before the

8653: 8627: 8397: 8296: 7977: 7840: 7602: 7396: 7313: 7152: 6902: 6578: 6538: 6282: 4091: 2160: 2120: 1630: 1597: 1355: 76:, in higher education admissions, employment, political bodies, etc., for "socially and economically backward citizens". 8241: 7987: 7882: 7562: 7454: 7354: 7273: 6824: 6272: 6028: 2545: 2541: 2315: 1782: 1778: 1677: 1507: 1503: 1074: 345:

Government and public sector will hire job seekers based on reservation percentage from two different categories :

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candidates. However, the Punjab and Haryana High Court has quashed this law in 2023 asserting it was unconstitutional.

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stayed implementation of this decision for violation of the model code of conduct. Later, Justice Sachar, head of the

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SC individuals who have converted to Christianity or its progeny generally fall into OBC categories in most states.

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In 1942, the Scheduled Castes gained 8.5% reservation in central services and other facilities for the first time.

2037: 287: 8568: 8402: 7999: 7739: 7577: 7550: 7479: 7414: 7328: 7300: 7097: 6996: 6693: 6518: 6368: 6180: 6084: 6001: 5796: 5758: 5728: 5594: 2360: 2249: 1614: 1522: 5841: 4639: 1915:

6. Is the criteria of 'Limit on residential plot area' applicable to this category for reservation eligibility?

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5. Is the criteria of 'Limit on residential flat area' applicable to this category for reservation eligibility?

8589: 8183: 7668: 7524: 7499: 7268: 6897: 6849: 6839: 6799: 6789: 6423: 6378: 6338: 6312: 6292: 6069: 6018: 5976: 5857: 4643: 4512:"Judgement Writ Petition (Civil) No.930 of 1990 – Indira Sawhney Versus Union of India And others (16.11.1992)" 3485:"THE CONSTITUTION (EIGHTY THIRD AMENDMENT) ACT 2000|Legislative Department | Ministry of Law and Justice | GoI" 3069: 1607:

In 2019, the agitation restarted as Gujjars demanded 5% reservation, and began blocking trains to this effect.

1563: 425: 139: 5492:"Bill for 16% Maratha quota for PG Medical admission passes Maharashtra legislature test - Key points to know" 3921: 3601: 5192:"Chhattisgarh: Ordinance on OBC quota hike to 27% has lapsed, says high court | Raipur News - Times of India" 1761:

Institutions of Excellence, research institutions, Institutions of National and Strategic Importance such as

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4. Is the criteria of 'Limit on agricultural land' applicable to this category for reservation eligibility?

1789:(Dehradun) do not have reservations for higher education. However Institutes of National Importance such as 1653:

which had just been made opposition, tabled a bill to have a 5% sub-quota for Kapus out of EWS reservation.

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all-India pattern. Furthermore, these reserved jobs are open from reserved communities from outside Delhi.

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in medical colleges under the OBC category. In November 2020, Assam's cabinet extended this reservation to

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and government-aided educational institutes should be reserved for the SC and ST candidates, respectively.

8126: 7766: 7722: 7597: 7529: 7519: 7484: 7122: 7117: 6966: 6779: 6774: 6720: 6641: 6411: 6406: 6383: 6219: 5706: 5543: 5347:"Reservation Policy | Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes Department, Government of Haryana" 4779:"Rs 8 lakh income criterion for EWS more stringent than one for OBC creamy layer: Centre to Supreme Court" 4457: 3640: 2365: 1688: 1683: 1571: 1514:

that was commissioned to prepare a report on the latest social, economic and educational condition of the

254: 242: 8668: 8558: 8407: 8326: 8276: 8257: 8087: 7960: 7945: 7814: 7791: 7509: 7359: 7283: 7235: 7225: 6814: 6762: 6747: 6188: 6109: 6038: 6033: 5826: 5791: 5733: 5649: 3076: 3056: 2473: 1725:

For OBC's people the following categories are not entitled to take advantage of the reservation system:

1660: 1442: 334: 127: 90: 55: 4859: 2600:"Right to reservation is not a fundamental right, observes SC judge as parties withdraw plea for quota" 4597: 1714:

For SC individuals, the following categories are not entitled to benefit from the reservation system:

1704:

For ST individuals, the following categories are not entitled to benefit from the reservation system:

452:

Universities allot seats based on reservation percentage from the same two categories, that is :

250:, the caste-based reservation stands at 69 percent and applies to about 87 percent of the population. 8449: 7872: 7607: 7545: 7514: 7504: 7464: 7459: 7198: 7137: 6784: 6767: 6244: 2469: 1433: 502: 440: 97:. Demands for various forms of positive discrimination has been made, for example, in 1882 and 1891. 5637:

https://m.thewire.in/article/government/jharkhand-raises-reservations-for-sc-st-obc-ews-groups-to-77

4483: 8548: 8496: 8163: 8156: 8151: 7950: 7887: 7877: 7673: 7641: 7612: 7006: 6961: 6925: 6844: 6651: 6628: 6401: 5996: 5905: 2481: 2448: 1735: 1559: 1453: 59: 1933:

7. Is this reserved category eligible for applying in the general (merit/ non-reserved) category?

1331:

in addition to the reservation for SC/ST/OBC, there is 2% for SBCs, 3% for Nomadic Tribes – NT-A (

8460: 8107: 8092: 8059: 8009: 7972: 7749: 7712: 7582: 7489: 7444: 7439: 7278: 7263: 7242: 7172: 7147: 7092: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6668: 6168: 6043: 6013: 5966: 5933: 5748: 5218:"Delhi to follow pan India rule for SC/ST reservation, people from other states are entitled: SC" 4990: 4970: 4950: 4231: 4207: 4136: 4085: 3817: 3401: 3345: 3313: 3145: 3008: 2893: 2407: 1846:

2. Is the criteria of 'Government Jobs' applicable to this category for reservation eligibility?

1650: 1635: 1540:

Mandal commission protests of 1990 were against reservation in government jobs based on caste in

1417: 47: 31: 1391:

on 9 March 2010 by a majority vote of 186 members in favor and 1 against. As of March 2013, the

246:

percent limit and these are under litigation in the Supreme Court. For example, in the State of

4572: 1416:

In 2017, a drafting committee in Karnataka crafted the a policy to create a 1% reservation for

8501: 8146: 8136: 8131: 8034: 8019: 7754: 7636: 7631: 7494: 7474: 7469: 7381: 7376: 7193: 7142: 6953: 6752: 6616: 6317: 5971: 5578: 5165: 5039: 4684:"Weeks before UP polls, Modi govt shelves proposal to change eligibility for OBC creamy layer" 4047: 4013: 3985: 3929: 3823: 3550: 3517: 3459: 2820: 2793: 2747: 2740: 2719: 2718:. International Review of Social History Supplements. Cambridge University Press. p. 59. 2607: 2124: 1950:

8. Is the general category (non-reserved/ merit) eligible to apply in this reserved category?

1863:

3. Is the criteria of 'Income Limit' applicable to this category for reservation eligibility?

1437: 1332: 566: 329: 226: 173: 146: 98: 5448: 2814: 2787: 2713: 8372: 8074: 8029: 8024: 7924: 7897: 7744: 7555: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7369: 7258: 7213: 7034: 6943: 6715: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6573: 6302: 6262: 6224: 6193: 5895: 5723: 5713: 5683: 5398:"High Court sets aside Haryana law guaranteeing 75% reservation to locals in private sector" 3844:"Local body polls: Women fight on two fronts as parties reluctant to give out general seats" 3426: 2919: 2885: 2441: 2245: 1601: 1511: 798: 497: 492: 157: 3671: 2953: 2436:

High ranks include the rank of colonel and above in the army or in equivalent posts in the

1893:

Applicable. Those families with '5 acres of agricultural land and above' are not eligible.

8301: 8173: 8097: 8004: 7685: 7663: 7587: 7364: 6488: 6483: 6473: 6466: 6234: 6089: 6074: 5900: 5783: 3127:"Quotas for poor among 'forward castes' upheld: Here's the case and what the SC has ruled" 2816:

Law and Democracy in Contemporary India: Constitution, Contact Zone, and Performing Rights

2280: 2152: 1656: 1340: 207:

After the independence of India in 1947 there were some major initiatives in favor of the

123: 4831: 4625: 3895:"Karnataka Is The First State To Provide 1% Reservation To Transgenders In Govt Services" 3743:"Reservations for Women in Kerala's Local Self-government Institutions: A Mere Tokenism?" 3031:"How changes in the reservation system in 2006 sowed the seeds for today's campus tumult" 2573: 4188: 8470: 8357: 8336: 8200: 8168: 8114: 8064: 8054: 7955: 7776: 7658: 7434: 6569: 6297: 6287: 6099: 5961: 5956: 5928: 5885: 5880: 5816: 4803: 4284: 3967:"Madras HC directs TN government to implement horizontal reservation for trans persons" 2498: 2477: 2350: 1515: 915: 520: 189: 185: 161: 115: 106: 102: 35: 4551: 3720: 1700:

pre-exclusion criteria are employed, while post-exclusion criteria are used for OBCs.

8642: 8553: 8455: 8102: 7965: 7690: 7208: 7167: 6495: 6451: 6348: 5923: 5862: 5831: 5811: 5806: 3742: 2485: 2335: 2132: 1910:

Applicable. Those with 'Residential flat of 1000 sq. ft and above' are not eligible.

1575: 1321: 1239: 1096: 480:). Some states and UTs have reservations for females which varies from 5% to 33.33%. 259: 219: 177: 17: 4611: 3953: 2388:

migrated state/UT, the community is mostly notified as OBC or, in some cases, as SC.

8465: 8039: 7218: 7188: 6735: 6198: 5915: 5801: 4356:"Andhra's caste reservation protests to return? Garp leaders chalk out action plan" 3260: 3238: 3216: 3194: 2454:"the service ranks below Colonel of husband and wife shall not be clubbed together" 1979: 1752: 1642: 656: 429: 5269:"Goa and J&K govt order 10% EWS quota to be implemented in jobs and education" 5065:"Assam Becomes Fourth State to Approve 10% Quota for Economically Weaker Sections" 5346: 2414:, Judges of the Supreme Court of India, the High Courts chairman, the members of 1436:

status as a caste identity if lacking a community certificate. In June 2024, the

8563: 8119: 7323: 6938: 6933: 6661: 6478: 6461: 6353: 5981: 5948: 5890: 5872: 5836: 2983: 2437: 2320: 2302: 2286: 2128: 2026: 1579: 1457: 1388: 1366: 1328: 1287: 1263: 939: 894: 276: 94: 51: 5032:"Poll-bound Assam reserves medical seats for 3 communities demanding ST status" 4966:"OBC panel backs off, won't make 'creamy layer' reservation criteria stringent" 4433:

ET Explains: What is Constitution (One Hundred And third Amendment) Bill, 2019?

3510:"Patna high court strikes down Bihar govt's 65% reservation in jobs, education" 2687:"Reserved uncertainty or deserved certainty? Reservation debate back in Mysuru" 2252:

districts, percentage of ST reserved seats in government jobs are much higher.

8573: 8362: 7162: 7054: 6456: 6140: 5938: 4538: 4511: 2176:

Chhattisgarh: Ordinance on OBC quota hike to 27% has lapsed, says high court.

1472: 1425: 1317: 1168: 635: 247: 193: 5295:"Gujarat government in fix over its resolution for open category reservation" 5169: 5158:"10% reservation for EWS will be implemented in Bihar too, says Nitish Kumar" 5043: 4734:"Form of Certificate to be Produced by a Candidate Belonging to Ews Category" 4445:

In-depth: Who is eligible for the new reservation quota for general category?

4051: 4017: 3933: 3554: 3521: 3463: 2819:. Human Rights Interventions. Springer International Publishing. p. 33. 2611: 2538:

North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences

1775:

North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences

188:

fasted in protest against it but many among the depressed classes, including

6656: 4904: 4080:. Vol. 24, no. 22. Archived from the original on 20 November 2010. 4006:"Calcutta HC orders 1% transgender quota in govt employments in West Bengal" 3165: 3102:"Indra Sawhney Etc. vs Union of India And Others, Etc. on 16 November, 1992" 2502: 1392: 1191: 1119: 987: 846: 822: 181: 89:

Quota systems favouring certain castes and other communities existed before

4874:"For an equitable society, reservations must be extended to private sector" 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4496: 3101: 1578:, who claimed that the government's proposal was discriminatory, discarded 5321:"Gujarat govt sends EWS quota proposal to Centre to implement in colleges" 3284:"M.Nagaraj & Others vs Union of India & Others on 19 October 2006" 3161:"Reservation policy cannot stay for indefinite period, says Supreme Court" 8480: 7059: 6094: 6008: 5117:"203 castes in Bihar to choose from as 2nd leg of survey begins April 15" 3341:"Supreme Court upholds High court's decision to quash quota in promotion" 2643: 2244:

In the Scheduled Areas which have a very high percentage of STs, such as

2116: 1584: 1029: 4920:"'Can't keep SC/ST creamy layer out of quota benefits' - Times of India" 3181:"BJP's OBC pitch: How stronger new backward classes panel will function" 2115:

Assam provides sub quotas for several other communities such as Morans,

8475: 8433: 8341: 4658:"Supreme Court keeps stated salary and agriculture out of creamy layer" 3626: 3576:"Supreme Court throws out Maratha quota law, cites 50% reservation cap" 3141:"Supreme Court upholds EWS quota in 3-2 split verdict, CJI in minority" 2897: 2574:"Reservation Is About Adequate Representation, Not Poverty Eradication" 2276: 2051: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1626: 1613:

have been demanding OBC status since the 1990s. In 2016, they began an

1502:

OBC communities. It was alleged that the decision was announced as the

1344: 1336: 1215: 1008: 964: 775: 751: 301: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 165: 110: 3283: 2662:"Rajarshi Shahu Chhatrapati of Kolhapur, a reformer ahead of his time" 2444:, and the Paramilitary Force. But that will hold true provided that- 2289:

has 62% reservation in educational institutions and government jobs.

1619: 1468:

Constitution of India debars reservation based on religion in India.

1348: 1144: 1050: 870: 4986:"OBC sub-division, relaxing creamy layer is a must: NCBC tells govt" 3699: 2889: 2515:

This income does not include salaried income and agricultural income

164:, according to which separate representation was to be provided for 3543:"No error in junking Maratha quota, won't review it: Supreme Court" 2982:. Economic and Political Weekly. pp. 1203–1207. Archived from 2283:) (2%) • Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) – 10% 2265:

BC are currently classified as being in Annexure 1 and Annexure 2.

8438: 8271: 6229: 5424:"Jharkhand Raises Reservations for SC, ST, OBC, EWS Groups to 77%" 4382:"Why trouble is brewing in Andhra over Garp reservation once more" 2876:

Passin, Herbert (October 1955). "Untouchability in the Far East".

2279:) (3.5%) • • Nomadic Tribes – D ( 1741:

Children of professionals and those engaged in trade and industry.

1717:

Immigration from a Scheduled State/UT to a non-Scheduled State/UT.

1707:

Immigration from a Scheduled State/UT to a non-Scheduled State/UT.

1541: 1499: 703: 611: 587: 328: 169: 8226: 3791:"Gujarat increases women's reservation to 33% in government jobs" 1674:

Constitution (One Hundred And Twenty-Fourth Amendment) Bill, 2019

7819: 5631: 4338:"Jats, Marathas, and Patels Want Quotas, But Do They Need Them?" 3765:"33% reservation for women in all Gujarat state government jobs" 3700:"Backward Classes Welfare Department, Government of West Bengal" 1720:

Professing religions other than Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism.

1646: 1610: 1432:

issued a government order classifying transgender persons under

8230: 7918: 7032: 6614: 6166: 5681: 5645: 5641: 5449:"List of Castes under Category BC (ANNEXURE -II ) in Jharkhand" 2484:, film artist or other film professionals, author, playwright, 352:

Open category (General, SC, ST, OBC, EWS and other minorities).

34:

of Native Americans (dubbed "Indians") in the United States or

2135:. These six communities are demanding Scheduled Tribe status. 2020: 727: 270: 2468:

If a person has a high paying job such as physician, lawyer,

1728:

Children of officials in high office as per the Constitution.

5372:"Is Haryana's new reservation law constitutionally tenable?" 4900:"Plea to reconsider judgement in Indra Sawhney case of 1992" 2102:

Arunachal Pradesh has 80% reservation for Scheduled Tribes.

1405:

One Hundred and Sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India

349:

Reservation category (SC, ST, OBC, EWS and other minorities)

5132:"EBC: Nitish bats for EBC quota in central jobs, varsities" 4408:"Supreme Court declares Maratha quota law unconstitutional" 4307:"10 trains affected as Gujjar quota agitation enters Day 3" 126:, who resigned in protest. On 16 September 1921, the first 5621: 5616: 4227:"Election Commission stalls 4.5% sub-quota in poll states" 2715:

Complicating Categories: Gender, Class, Race and Ethnicity

4758:"Advertisement of Non-Faculty Posts (02/2023 to 06/2023)" 3922:"Withholding of my appointment orders unfair: transwoman" 3694: 3692: 5518:"Cabinet approves 10% quota for EWS in general category" 3009:"Implementation of Recommendations of Mandal Commission" 2792:(Reprinted ed.). Orient Blackswan. pp. 49–50. 5091:"Bihar assembly clears bill to hike reservation to 75%" 4832:"Supreme Court Of India – Judgement Information System" 4189:"Reservation chart by Kerala Public Service Commission" 2447:"the wife of an armed forces officer is herself in the 1967:

Note: The above table is valid as of January 31, 2023.

422:

M. Nagaraj & Others Vs. Union of India & Others

5626: 4203:"4.5% quota fails to impress Muslims in Uttar Pradesh" 3747:

International Journal of Law Management and Humanities

6868:

Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)

4259:"Govt trying to befool minorities with quota: Sachar" 3819:

Political Science for Civil Services Main Examination

2637:"Rethinking Reservation in Higher EDUCATION in India" 4846:"Scourge of reservation: The invisible creamy layer" 3373:"Guess how many Indians get merit-based scholarship" 1596:

In 2008 and 2010, the Gujjar community in Rajasthan

8615: 8582: 8541: 8525: 8489: 8426: 8350: 8264: 8073: 7938: 7833: 7802: 7538: 7407: 7347: 7299: 7251: 7181: 7068: 7045: 6952: 6924: 6858: 6807: 6798: 6734: 6627: 6552: 6504: 6442: 6331: 6243: 6207: 6179: 6123: 6052: 5947: 5914: 5871: 5850: 5782: 5694: 4281:"HC Quashes Centre's 4.5% Sub-Quota for Minorities" 1649:, Kapu protestors set trains on fire. In 2019, the 1447:

National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India

333:Caste reservations in universities and jobs of the 6716:Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators 5590:"What If Reservations Had Come To An End In 1960?" 5466:"Political reservation for OBCs, now a Maha issue" 5243:"Goa govt increases quota for OBCs in jobs to 27%" 5006:"Raise 'creamy layer' to Rs 10.5 lakh: OBC panel" 4946:"Raise 'creamy layer' to Rs 10.5 lakh: OBC panel" 4164:"Centre Seeks SCs approval on Muslim Reservation" 3954:https://www.mrb.tn.gov.in/GOs/bcmbc_e_28_2015.pdf 3869:"Transgender policy cleared by Karnataka cabinet" 3721:"BCW Department-Govt of West Bengal, Reservation" 2383: 2381: 2138:In January 2019, Assam approved EWS reservation. 388:and then after Open category will be considered. 4598:"Two-Year Post Graduate Programme in Management" 4458:"Challenge to reservation for economically poor" 3672:"Status of Reservation of OBC in Various States" 2642:. ILI Law Review. pp. 29–30. Archived from 2630: 2628: 1747:Children of people with annual income exceeding 1312:The exact percentages vary from state to state: 3965:Sigamany, Azeefa Fathima, Vidya (2 June 2024). 3602:"Department Of Personnel | State Portal-Sikkim" 2939: 2937: 2501:area which is equal to or more than 85% of the 2406:Included among the high office holders are the 4709:"Govt takes OBC creamy layer to drawing board" 1829:1. Reservation % of Government of India. 1460:to establish a 1% quota in public employment. 424:, mainly on the ground that these altered the 38:of First Nations (dubbed "Indians") in Canada. 8242: 5657: 3452:"A.P. govt announces 10% reservation for EWS" 3309:"Promotion quota not legally sustainable: HC" 2497:Included in this category are those who have 1731:Children of civil servants in high positions. 413:to SC/ST candidates promoted by reservation. 8: 5632:Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment 4132:"Supreme Court to hear govt on Muslim quota" 4106:"Interim relief to AP on Muslim reservation" 3990:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2526:Centre for Development of Advanced Computing 1998:Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India 1763:Centre for Development of Advanced Computing 1691:challenging the legality of this amendment. 1676:which provided 10% additional quota for the 1362:, 60% of seats are reserved for ST students. 396:Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India 225:A significant change began in 1979 when the 5544:"Determination of Post Based Roster Policy" 4600:. Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad. 4552:"Press Information Bureau English Releases" 3641:"Determination of Post Based Roster Policy" 3627:"Telangana State Public Service Commission" 2331:Court cases related to reservation in India 8249: 8235: 8227: 7935: 7915: 7042: 7029: 6804: 6740: 6624: 6611: 6176: 6163: 5691: 5678: 5664: 5650: 5642: 4765:National Institute of Technology Jalandhar 3822:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 19. 3096: 3094: 484:Percentages of reservation for each state 482: 138:introduced elements of reservation in the 6878:Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) 6758:Fundamental rights, principles and duties 4628:. National Institute of Technology Patna. 2067:Learn how and when to remove this message 317:Learn how and when to remove this message 109:, introduced reservation in favor of non- 8517:National Commission for Scheduled Tribes 8512:National Commission for Scheduled Castes 8507:National Commission for Backward Classes 6820:Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) 5627:National Commission for Scheduled Tribes 5622:National Commission for Scheduled Castes 5617:National Commission for Backward Classes 5216:Choudhary, Amit Anand (30 August 2018). 4519:National Commission for Backward Classes 2767:From our online archive (14 July 2010). 2660:Ghadyalpatil, Abhiram (10 August 2018). 2007:National Commission for Backward Classes 1807: 1629:community (better known as Patel) began 1489:, making them eligible for reservation. 681:Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 5822:Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley 3396: 3394: 2565: 2377: 2001:The creamy layer applies only to OBCs. 7108:Securities and Exchange Board of India 6215:National Geological Monuments of India 4811:Department of Personnel & Training 4435:, The Economic Times, 9 January 2019. 4083: 3983: 2598:Rajagopal, Krishnadas (11 June 2020). 2534:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 2472:, income tax consultant, financial or 2306:residing in the state-run orphanages. 1771:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 405:to the Constitution was made to amend 8444:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 6908:Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) 6873:Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) 5552:Uttarakhand Public Service Commission 4332: 4330: 4328: 3649:Uttarakhand Public Service Commission 2918:. Government of India. Archived from 2346:Reserved political positions in India 2326:Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents 1592:Agitations demanding more reservation 1554:2006 Indian anti-reservation protests 1548:2006 Indian anti-reservation protests 1493:Criticism, controversies and protests 209:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 7: 8623:2011 Socio Economic and Caste Census 5156:Tewary, Amarnath (21 January 2019). 4862:. The Indian Express. 23 March 2015. 4072:Viswanathan, S. (16 November 2007). 4038:Faizee, Shameem (23 February 2010). 3439:from the original on 12 August 2024. 3183:. The Indian Express. 18 April 2017. 2977:"Identifying Other Backward Classes" 2049:adding citations to reliable sources 1681:agricultural land below five acres. 1570:, to implement reservations for the 299:adding citations to reliable sources 6903:National Investigation Agency (NIA) 6825:Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) 6514:Autonomous administrative divisions 5190:Vijay Singh Thakur (2 March 2020). 4626:"Concessions Provided for Students" 4573:"Extraordinary Part II - Section I" 2944:Bhattacharya, Amit (8 April 2006). 2532:and its ten constituent units, the 1769:and its ten constituent units, the 426:Basic Structure of the Constitution 154:Round Table Conference of June 1932 8388:2006 Dalit protests in Maharashtra 8368:Mandal Commission protests of 1990 8312:Court Cases related to Reservation 6893:Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) 4211:. 23 December 2011. Archived from 4040:"Reservation on basis of religion" 3241:. Indiacode.nic.in. 29 August 1997 3219:. Indiacode.nic.in. 4 January 2002 2550:Indian Institute of Remote Sensing 1824:Economically Weaker Section (EWS) 1787:Indian Institute of Remote Sensing 1536:Mandal Commission protests of 1990 1530:Mandal Commission protests of 1990 136:Imperial parliament at Westminster 25: 7088:Ministry of Commerce and Industry 6830:Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) 6115:Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) 4640:"No quota in higher medicine: SC" 4447:, Business Today, 8 January 2019. 4235:. 12 January 2012. Archived from 1799:National Institutes of Technology 1600:reclassification from OBC to ST ( 1412:Transgender and non-binary people 1335:), 2.5% for NT-B, 3.5% for NT-C ( 156:, the Prime Minister of Britain, 8322:Reservation policy in Tamil Nadu 5130:Kumar, Madan (25 January 2018). 3920:B.A, Pon Vasanth (16 May 2017). 3450:Raghavendra, V. (15 July 2021). 3317:. 5 January 2011. Archived from 2769:"69 percent quota: Advantage TN" 2712:Boris, E.; Janssens, A. (1999). 2356:Reservation policy in Tamil Nadu 2025: 1988:was first coined in 1974 in the 1672:The Union Government tabled the 1482:Kerala Public Service Commission 275: 8287:Caste-related violence in India 6131:History of India (1947–present) 5588:Joseph, Manu (23 August 2004). 3407:. Virginia University, Virginia 3349:. 28 April 2012. Archived from 2848:"Human Development Report 2016" 2813:Yamamoto, T.; Ueda, T. (2018). 2416:Union Public Service Commission 2366:Reverse discrimination in India 2036:needs additional citations for 1990:State of Kerala vs N. M. Thomas 1795:Indian Institutes of Technology 1791:Indian Institutes of Management 286:needs additional citations for 140:Government of India Act of 1909 64:States and Territories of India 8378:2006 anti-reservation protests 6898:Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) 6850:Special Protection Group (SPG) 6840:Railway Protection Force (RPF) 2746:. Editura CuArt. p. 212. 2530:Homi Bhabha National Institute 2524:Such institutions include the 1767:Homi Bhabha National Institute 1: 8628:2022 Bihar caste-based survey 8297:Vandalism of Ambedkar statues 7993:Engineering colleges in India 7622:Electronics and semiconductor 6835:National Security Guard (NSG) 6579:World Heritage Sites in India 4342:Economic and Political Weekly 4283:. 28 May 2012. Archived from 2548:(Thiruvananthapuram) and the 2161:2022 Bihar caste-based survey 2151:First implemented in 1970 by 1821:Other Backward Classes (OBC) 1785:(Thiruvananthapuram) and the 1566:-headed multiparty coalition 1480:of quotas based on religion. 54:. Based on provisions in the 6883:Enforcement Directorate (ED) 6704:State legislative assemblies 6544:States and union territories 6253:Biogeographic classification 2546:Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre 2542:Physical Research Laboratory 2316:Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam 1783:Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre 1779:Physical Research Laboratory 1744:Children of property owners. 1678:economically weaker sections 1324:, introduced by DMK in 2009. 50:in India created during the 8664:Majority–minority relations 8292:Economically Weaker Section 8050:Water supply and sanitation 6815:Border Security Force (BSF) 6560:National monuments of India 4860:"Explained: Order reserved" 3195:"Seventy Seventh Amendment" 2975:Ramaiah, A. (6 June 1992). 2341:Reservation policy in Bihar 1751:8,00,000 (regarded as the " 1568:United Progressive Alliance 545:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 437:Government of Uttar Pradesh 120:Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wadiyar 8690: 8383:1996 Bathani Tola Massacre 7103:Central Statistical Office 6709:State legislative councils 6684:Union Council of Ministers 5454:. Government of Jharkhand. 4168:timesofindia-economictimes 2789:Transfer of Power in India 2739:Kandasamy, W.B.V. (2009). 1977: 1551: 1533: 1456:ordered the government of 1403:On 28 September 2023, the 29: 27:Form of affirmative action 8569:Republican Party of India 7983:Medical colleges in India 7934: 7914: 7133:Foreign exchange reserves 7128:Foreign direct investment 7098:Economic Advisory Council 7041: 7028: 6845:Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) 6743: 6623: 6610: 6225:Sacred mountains of India 6175: 6162: 5797:Indus Valley Civilisation 5690: 5677: 4090:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3261:"Eighty Second Amendment" 2635:Laskar, Mehbubul Hassan. 2361:Jat reservation agitation 1966: 1560:Union Government of India 1523:Andhra Pradesh High Court 1516:Muslim community of India 417:candidates in promotion. 8616:Caste Census and Surveys 7269:Multi Commodity Exchange 6888:Intelligence Bureau (IB) 3239:"Eighty First Amendment" 3217:"Eighty Fifth Amendment" 2912:"Educational Safeguards" 1631:agitating for OBC status 1564:Indian National Congress 1385:Women's Reservation Bill 30:Not to be confused with 8413:Bhima Koregaon protests 8332:Dalit Buddhist movement 8282:Caste politics in India 7113:Enforcement Directorate 6574:Indian-origin religions 6565:National parks of India 6374:Highest point by states 6136:Economic liberalisation 5555:(in Hindi). 22 May 2020 3652:(in Hindi). 22 May 2020 3070:"Article 46, Section 0" 2916:Department of Education 2480:, engineer, architect, 2412:Vice-President of India 1625:Beginning in 2015, the 1360:Rajiv Gandhi University 478:Delimitation Commission 411:consequential seniority 66:to set a percentage of 8600:Other Backward Classes 8450:Other Backward Classes 8317:IIT reservation policy 8083:Arts and entertainment 7718:Science and technology 7654:Information technology 7334:Government initiatives 6230:Sacred rivers of India 6220:Sacred groves of India 5774:Science and technology 4612:"Reservation of Seats" 4578:. The Gazette of India 4541:, ncbc.nic.in, pp. 7–8 3427:Reservation guidelines 2773:The New Indian Express 2691:The New Indian Express 1738:officers of high rank. 1689:Supreme Court of India 1572:Other Backward Classes 1424:On April 6, 2015, the 360:Other Minorities Women 337: 255:Supreme Court of India 243:Supreme Court of India 101:, the Maharaja of the 80:History of Reservation 8408:Maratha Kranti Morcha 8393:2008 Gurjar agitation 8327:Self-Respect Movement 8277:Caste system in India 8265:Caste and reservation 8040:Socio-economic issues 7988:Law colleges in India 7978:Universities in India 7226:Reserve Bank of India 6029:Independence movement 5827:Indo-Parthian Kingdom 3077:Constitution of India 3057:Constitution of India 3011:. Parliament of India 2786:Menon, V. P. (1957). 2474:management consultant 2017:Reservation in states 1818:Scheduled Tribe (ST) 1815:Scheduled Caste (SC) 1641:In January 2016, the 1443:Constitution of India 332: 18:Reservations in India 8654:Reservation in India 8605:Including Muslim OBC 8307:Reservation in India 7314:Economic development 7158:Voluntary guidelines 7153:Industrial licensing 6283:Environmental issues 6065:Non-Aligned Movement 5842:Seleucid–Mauryan war 4484:Reservation Brochure 3816:Arora, N.D. (2010). 2470:chartered accountant 2045:improve this article 1521:On 28 May 2012, the 1434:Other Backward Class 456:Reservation category 441:Allahabad High Court 295:improve this article 253:On 7 November 2022, 8549:Bahujan Samaj Party 8497:Kalelkar Commission 8418:April 2018 protests 7076:Ministry of Finance 6080:Indo-Pakistani wars 6024:Partition of Bengal 5038:. 1 November 2020. 4344:: 7–8. 5 June 2015. 4191:. 7 September 2020. 3055:, Section 4 of the 2989:on 30 December 2005 2946:"Who are the OBCs?" 2878:Monumenta Nipponica 2482:computer specialist 1809: 1508:Election Commission 1504:Election Commission 1454:Calcutta High Court 512:Other Reservations 485: 430:enabling provisions 267:Reservation schemes 85:Before independence 56:Indian Constitution 32:Indian reservations 8649:Affirmative action 8461:Affirmative action 8045:Standard of living 7735:Telecommunications 7252:Financial services 7173:Atmanirbhar Bharat 7093:Finance Commission 6258:Biosphere reserves 6014:Bengal Renaissance 6002:Commander-in-Chief 5967:East India Company 5472:. 30 December 2021 5404:. 17 November 2023 5351:haryanascbc.gov.in 5325:The Indian Express 5301:. 12 February 2020 5247:The Times of India 5222:The Times of India 5196:The Times of India 5136:The Times of India 5010:The Times of India 4994:. 26 October 2015. 4991:The Times of India 4974:. 27 October 2015. 4971:The Times of India 4951:The Times of India 4924:The Times of India 4878:The Indian Express 4783:The Economic Times 4713:The Economic Times 4646:. 27 October 2015. 4464:. 11 February 2019 4313:. 10 February 2019 4261:. 19 February 2012 4232:The Times of India 4208:The Times of India 4137:The Times of India 4044:The Economic Times 4010:The Times of India 3873:The Indian Express 3580:The Indian Express 3547:The Times of India 3514:The Times of India 3489:legislative.gov.in 3379:. 1 September 2014 3346:The Times of India 3321:on 26 January 2013 3314:The Times of India 3263:. Indiacode.nic.in 3197:. Indiacode.nic.in 3169:. 7 November 2022. 3149:. 8 November 2022. 3146:The Times of India 3129:. 7 November 2022. 3104:. IndianKanoon.org 2950:The Times of India 2693:. 17 February 2020 2408:President of India 1808: 1651:Telugu Desam Party 1636:Rapid Action Force 1585:vote-bank politics 1582:and was driven by 1452:In June 2024, the 1418:transgender people 1387:was passed by the 483: 338: 260:unreserved classes 203:After independence 48:affirmative action 8674:Politics of India 8636: 8635: 8502:Mandal Commission 8398:Patidar agitation 8224: 8223: 8220: 8219: 8216: 8215: 7910: 7909: 7906: 7905: 7455:Jammu and Kashmir 7081:Finance ministers 7024: 7023: 7020: 7019: 7012:Women in politics 6987:Political parties 6920: 6919: 6916: 6915: 6726:Chief Secretaries 6699:State governments 6694:Cabinet Secretary 6647:Foreign relations 6606: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6158: 6157: 6154: 6153: 6146:COVID-19 pandemic 6019:Political reforms 5583:978-93-5029-355-3 5249:. 16 January 2014 5097:. 9 November 2023 5071:. 22 January 2019 4908:. 22 August 2007. 4880:. 23 October 2015 4539:Office Memorandum 4362:. 3 December 2016 3875:. 27 October 2017 3829:978-0-07-009094-1 3797:. 14 October 2014 3771:. 13 October 2014 3549:. 22 April 2023. 2826:978-3-319-95837-8 2799:978-81-250-0884-2 2753:978-1-59973-092-9 2725:978-0-521-78641-6 2649:on 25 April 2012. 2544:(Ahmedabad), the 2096:Arunachal Pradesh 2077: 2076: 2069: 1971: 1970: 1781:(Ahmedabad), the 1445:, as well as the 1438:Madras High Court 1343:), 10% for SEBC ( 1310: 1309: 567:Arunachal Pradesh 327: 326: 319: 227:Mandal Commission 174:Indian Christians 147:Madras Presidency 16:(Redirected from 8681: 8595:Scheduled Tribes 8590:Scheduled Castes 8373:Namantar Andolan 8251: 8244: 8237: 8228: 8179:Physical culture 8000:Ethnic relations 7936: 7916: 7898:Mumbai Consensus 7450:Himachal Pradesh 7339:Numbering system 7329:Green revolution 7204:Historical Forex 7043: 7030: 7002:Scheduled groups 6805: 6741: 6625: 6612: 6594:Tourism in India 6589:History of India 6584:Culture of India 6194:Geology of India 6177: 6164: 6095:Naxal Insurgency 6090:White Revolution 6085:Green Revolution 5692: 5679: 5666: 5659: 5652: 5643: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5548: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5524:. 7 January 2019 5514: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5488: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5394: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5368: 5362: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5343: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5280: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5119:. 23 March 2023. 5113: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5061: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5028: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5002: 4996: 4995: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4896: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4870: 4864: 4863: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4842: 4836: 4835: 4828: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4808: 4800: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4775: 4769: 4768: 4762: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4743: 4738: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4705: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4680: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4594: 4588: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4577: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4516: 4508: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4454: 4448: 4442: 4436: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4334: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4255: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4174: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4140:. Archived from 4128: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4089: 4081: 4074:"A step forward" 4069: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4012:. 17 June 2024. 4002: 3996: 3995: 3989: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3962: 3956: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3813: 3807: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3741:M S, Navaneeth. 3738: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3696: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3645: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3516:. 20 June 2024. 3506: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3431: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3406: 3398: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3292: 3290: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3109: 3098: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3074: 3066: 3060: 3049: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3005: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2988: 2981: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2952:. Archived from 2941: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2852: 2844: 2838: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2764: 2758: 2757: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2641: 2632: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2595: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2570: 2553: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2507: 2495: 2489: 2466: 2460: 2434: 2428: 2425: 2419: 2404: 2398: 2395: 2389: 2385: 2250:Lahaul and Spiti 2235:Himachal Pradesh 2125:Koch-Rajbongshis 2072: 2065: 2061: 2058: 2052: 2029: 2021: 1924:Not Applicable. 1921:Not Applicable. 1918:Not Applicable. 1907:Not Applicable. 1904:Not Applicable. 1901:Not Applicable. 1890:Not Applicable. 1887:Not Applicable. 1869:Not Applicable. 1866:Not Applicable. 1858:Not Applicable. 1852:Not Applicable. 1849:Not Applicable. 1810: 1750: 1661:massive protests 1602:Scheduled Tribes 1512:Sachar Committee 1487:backward Muslims 1339:), 2% for NT-D ( 799:Himachal Pradesh 486: 322: 315: 311: 308: 302: 279: 271: 158:Ramsay MacDonald 99:Chatrapati Shahu 60:Union Government 58:, it allows the 21: 8689: 8688: 8684: 8683: 8682: 8680: 8679: 8678: 8639: 8638: 8637: 8632: 8611: 8578: 8537: 8521: 8485: 8456:Forward classes 8422: 8346: 8302:Anti-Brahminism 8260: 8255: 8225: 8212: 8184:Public holidays 8069: 8015:Life expectancy 7930: 7929: 7902: 7829: 7798: 7703:Pharmaceuticals 7534: 7403: 7343: 7309:COVID-19 impact 7295: 7247: 7177: 7064: 7037: 7016: 6948: 6912: 6854: 6794: 6790:District Courts 6730: 6721:Chief Ministers 6619: 6598: 6548: 6500: 6438: 6412:Western coastal 6407:Eastern coastal 6394:Mountain passes 6327: 6313:Protected areas 6239: 6235:Stones of India 6203: 6171: 6150: 6119: 6105:Space programme 6075:Sino-Indian War 6070:Five-Year Plans 6048: 5943: 5910: 5901:Delhi Sultanate 5867: 5858:Middle kingdoms 5851:Middle Kingdoms 5846: 5778: 5686: 5673: 5670: 5613: 5600: 5598: 5587: 5574: 5572:Further reading 5569: 5568: 5558: 5556: 5546: 5542: 5541: 5537: 5527: 5525: 5516: 5515: 5511: 5501: 5499: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5475: 5473: 5464: 5463: 5459: 5451: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5432: 5430: 5422: 5421: 5417: 5407: 5405: 5396: 5395: 5391: 5381: 5379: 5376:Hindustan Times 5370: 5369: 5365: 5355: 5353: 5345: 5344: 5340: 5330: 5328: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5304: 5302: 5293: 5292: 5288: 5278: 5276: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5252: 5250: 5241: 5240: 5236: 5226: 5224: 5215: 5214: 5210: 5200: 5198: 5189: 5188: 5184: 5174: 5172: 5155: 5154: 5150: 5140: 5138: 5129: 5128: 5124: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5100: 5098: 5095:Hindustan Times 5089: 5088: 5084: 5074: 5072: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5048: 5046: 5030: 5029: 5025: 5015: 5013: 5004: 5003: 4999: 4984: 4983: 4979: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4929: 4927: 4926:. 14 April 2015 4918: 4917: 4913: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4883: 4881: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4858: 4857: 4853: 4844: 4843: 4839: 4830: 4829: 4825: 4815: 4813: 4806: 4802: 4801: 4797: 4787: 4785: 4777: 4776: 4772: 4760: 4756: 4755: 4751: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4717: 4715: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4682: 4681: 4677: 4667: 4665: 4656: 4655: 4651: 4638: 4637: 4633: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4581: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4570: 4566: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4523: 4521: 4514: 4510: 4509: 4494: 4486: 4482: 4481: 4477: 4467: 4465: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4443: 4439: 4431: 4427: 4417: 4415: 4406: 4405: 4401: 4391: 4389: 4386:The News Minute 4380: 4379: 4375: 4365: 4363: 4360:The News Minute 4354: 4353: 4349: 4336: 4335: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4290: 4288: 4279: 4278: 4274: 4264: 4262: 4257: 4256: 4252: 4242: 4240: 4225: 4224: 4220: 4215:on 10 May 2013. 4201: 4200: 4196: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4144:on 29 June 2013 4130: 4129: 4125: 4115: 4113: 4112:. 25 March 2010 4104: 4103: 4099: 4082: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4056: 4054: 4037: 4036: 4032: 4022: 4020: 4004: 4003: 3999: 3982: 3975: 3973: 3971:The News Minute 3964: 3963: 3959: 3952: 3948: 3938: 3936: 3919: 3918: 3914: 3904: 3902: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3878: 3876: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3830: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3800: 3798: 3789: 3788: 3784: 3774: 3772: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3740: 3739: 3735: 3725: 3723: 3719: 3718: 3714: 3704: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3690: 3680: 3678: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3655: 3653: 3643: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3610: 3608: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3585: 3583: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3559: 3557: 3541: 3540: 3536: 3526: 3524: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3493: 3491: 3483: 3482: 3478: 3468: 3466: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3436: 3429: 3425: 3424: 3420: 3410: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3392: 3382: 3380: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3356: 3354: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3324: 3322: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3288: 3286: 3282:Kapadia, S. H. 3281: 3280: 3276: 3266: 3264: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3244: 3242: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3200: 3198: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3107: 3105: 3100: 3099: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3072: 3068: 3067: 3063: 3050: 3046: 3036: 3034: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3014: 3012: 3007: 3006: 3002: 2992: 2990: 2986: 2979: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2959: 2957: 2956:on 27 June 2006 2943: 2942: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2922:on 19 June 2009 2910: 2909: 2905: 2890:10.2307/2382914 2875: 2874: 2870: 2860: 2858: 2850: 2846: 2845: 2841: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2800: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2766: 2765: 2761: 2754: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2726: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2696: 2694: 2685: 2684: 2680: 2670: 2668: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2646: 2639: 2634: 2633: 2626: 2616: 2614: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2582: 2580: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2556: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2496: 2492: 2467: 2463: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2422: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2386: 2379: 2374: 2312: 2153:Karpoori Thakur 2073: 2062: 2056: 2053: 2042: 2030: 2019: 1982: 1976: 1884:Not Applicable 1748: 1697: 1670: 1668:Economic status 1594: 1556: 1550: 1538: 1532: 1495: 1466: 1414: 1381: 1379:Cisgender women 1376: 1358:(Shillong) and 473: 450: 343: 323: 312: 306: 303: 292: 280: 269: 205: 160:, proposed the 124:M. Viswesvaraya 87: 82: 69:reserved quotas 46:is a system of 39: 36:Indian reserves 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8687: 8685: 8677: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8659:Social justice 8656: 8651: 8641: 8640: 8634: 8633: 8631: 8630: 8625: 8619: 8617: 8613: 8612: 8610: 8609: 8608: 8607: 8597: 8592: 8586: 8584: 8580: 8579: 8577: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8545: 8543: 8539: 8538: 8536: 8535: 8533:Atrocities Act 8529: 8527: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8493: 8491: 8487: 8486: 8484: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8471:Untouchability 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8447: 8441: 8436: 8430: 8428: 8424: 8423: 8421: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8358:Communal Award 8354: 8352: 8348: 8347: 8345: 8344: 8339: 8337:B. R. Ambedkar 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8268: 8266: 8262: 8261: 8258:Caste in India 8256: 8254: 8253: 8246: 8239: 8231: 8222: 8221: 8218: 8217: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8210: 8209: 8208: 8198: 8197: 8196: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8160: 8159: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8123: 8122: 8112: 8111: 8110: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8079: 8077: 8071: 8070: 8068: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7996: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7970: 7969: 7968: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7942: 7940: 7932: 7931: 7928: 7927: 7920: 7919: 7912: 7911: 7908: 7907: 7904: 7903: 7901: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7873:Income Tax Act 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7849: 7848: 7837: 7835: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7806: 7804: 7800: 7799: 7797: 7796: 7795: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7763: 7762: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7726: 7725: 7715: 7710: 7708:Pulp and paper 7705: 7700: 7699: 7698: 7696:Iron and Steel 7693: 7683: 7682: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7656: 7651: 7650: 7649: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7618: 7617: 7616: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7559: 7558: 7553: 7542: 7540: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7480:Madhya Pradesh 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7415:Andhra Pradesh 7411: 7409: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7401: 7400: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7379: 7374: 7373: 7372: 7362: 7357: 7351: 7349: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7319:Liberalisation 7316: 7311: 7305: 7303: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7293: 7292: 7291: 7286: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7255: 7253: 7249: 7248: 7246: 7245: 7240: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7223: 7222: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7185: 7183: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7084: 7083: 7072: 7070: 7066: 7065: 7063: 7062: 7057: 7051: 7049: 7039: 7038: 7033: 7026: 7025: 7022: 7021: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6958: 6956: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6930: 6928: 6922: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6914: 6913: 6911: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6864: 6862: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6811: 6809: 6802: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6771: 6770: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6744: 6738: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6712: 6711: 6706: 6696: 6691: 6689:Civil Services 6686: 6681: 6679:Prime Minister 6676: 6674:Vice President 6671: 6666: 6665: 6664: 6659: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6633: 6631: 6621: 6620: 6615: 6608: 6607: 6604: 6603: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6570:Nature worship 6567: 6562: 6556: 6554: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6546: 6541: 6539:Municipalities 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6510: 6508: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6493: 6492: 6491: 6486: 6476: 6471: 6470: 6469: 6459: 6454: 6448: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6415: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6364:Extreme points 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6335: 6333: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6308:National parks 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6268:Climate change 6265: 6260: 6255: 6249: 6247: 6241: 6240: 6238: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6211: 6209: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6185: 6183: 6173: 6172: 6167: 6160: 6159: 6156: 6155: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6127: 6125: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6100:Smiling Buddha 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6005: 6004: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5977:1857 rebellion 5974: 5969: 5964: 5962:Princely state 5959: 5953: 5951: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5941: 5936: 5934:European trade 5931: 5926: 5920: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5881:Medieval India 5877: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5865: 5860: 5854: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5817:Yavana Kingdom 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5788: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5764:Paper currency 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5704: 5698: 5696: 5688: 5687: 5682: 5675: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5668: 5661: 5654: 5646: 5640: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5612: 5611:External links 5609: 5608: 5607: 5585: 5573: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5535: 5509: 5498:. 21 June 2019 5483: 5457: 5440: 5415: 5389: 5378:. 8 March 2021 5363: 5338: 5312: 5286: 5275:. 23 June 2019 5260: 5234: 5208: 5182: 5148: 5122: 5108: 5082: 5056: 5023: 4997: 4977: 4957: 4937: 4911: 4891: 4865: 4851: 4848:. The Pioneer. 4837: 4823: 4795: 4770: 4749: 4725: 4700: 4675: 4649: 4631: 4617: 4603: 4589: 4564: 4543: 4531: 4492: 4475: 4449: 4437: 4425: 4399: 4388:. 17 July 2019 4373: 4347: 4324: 4298: 4287:on 29 May 2012 4272: 4250: 4239:on 10 May 2013 4218: 4194: 4180: 4155: 4123: 4097: 4064: 4030: 3997: 3957: 3946: 3912: 3901:. 21 July 2021 3886: 3860: 3835: 3828: 3808: 3782: 3756: 3733: 3712: 3688: 3663: 3632: 3618: 3593: 3567: 3534: 3501: 3476: 3442: 3418: 3390: 3364: 3353:on 10 May 2013 3332: 3300: 3274: 3252: 3230: 3208: 3186: 3172: 3152: 3132: 3118: 3090: 3061: 3044: 3022: 3000: 2967: 2933: 2903: 2884:(3): 247–267. 2868: 2839: 2825: 2805: 2798: 2778: 2759: 2752: 2731: 2724: 2704: 2678: 2652: 2624: 2590: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2536:(Mumbai), the 2517: 2508: 2499:irrigated land 2490: 2478:dental surgeon 2461: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2429: 2420: 2399: 2390: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2351:Caste politics 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2311: 2308: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2260: 2259: 2257: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2225: 2224: 2222: 2211: 2210: 2208: 2198: 2197: 2195: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2171: 2170: 2168: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2110: 2109: 2107: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2084: 2083: 2081: 2080:Andhra Pradesh 2075: 2074: 2033: 2031: 2024: 2018: 2015: 1978:Main article: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1964: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1912: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1878: 1877: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1773:(Mumbai), the 1759: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1732: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1708: 1696: 1693: 1684:Business Today 1669: 1666: 1593: 1590: 1576:forward castes 1552:Main article: 1549: 1546: 1534:Main article: 1531: 1528: 1526:government.". 1494: 1491: 1465: 1462: 1430:BCC Department 1413: 1410: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1370: 1363: 1352: 1325: 1308: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1260: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1212: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1141: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1047: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1026: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1005: 1004: 1001: 999: 997: 995: 992: 990: 984: 983: 980: 978: 976: 973: 970: 967: 961: 960: 957: 954: 951: 948: 945: 942: 936: 935: 932: 930: 927: 924: 921: 918: 916:Madhya Pradesh 912: 911: 908: 906: 904: 902: 899: 897: 891: 890: 887: 885: 882: 879: 876: 873: 867: 866: 863: 861: 858: 855: 852: 849: 843: 842: 839: 837: 834: 831: 828: 825: 819: 818: 815: 813: 810: 807: 804: 801: 795: 794: 791: 789: 786: 783: 781: 778: 772: 771: 768: 766: 763: 760: 757: 754: 748: 747: 744: 742: 739: 736: 733: 730: 724: 723: 720: 718: 715: 712: 709: 706: 700: 699: 696: 694: 692: 689: 686: 683: 677: 676: 673: 671: 668: 665: 662: 659: 653: 652: 649: 647: 645: 642: 640: 638: 632: 631: 628: 626: 623: 620: 617: 614: 608: 607: 604: 602: 599: 596: 593: 590: 584: 583: 580: 578: 576: 574: 571: 569: 563: 562: 559: 557: 555: 552: 549: 547: 541: 540: 537: 535: 532: 529: 526: 523: 521:Andhra Pradesh 517: 516: 513: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 472: 469: 461: 460: 457: 449: 446: 403:77th amendment 386: 385: 382: 379: 376: 373: 370: 367: 364: 361: 354: 353: 350: 342: 339: 325: 324: 283: 281: 274: 268: 265: 263:institutions. 204: 201: 190:B. R. Ambedkar 186:Mahatma Gandhi 162:Communal Award 116:untouchability 103:princely state 86: 83: 81: 78: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8686: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8646: 8644: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8620: 8618: 8614: 8606: 8603: 8602: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8581: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8559:Justice Party 8557: 8555: 8554:Dalit Panther 8552: 8550: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8542:Organisations 8540: 8534: 8531: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8494: 8492: 8488: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8451: 8448: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8425: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8403:Jat agitation 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8355: 8353: 8349: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8269: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8252: 8247: 8245: 8240: 8238: 8233: 8232: 8229: 8207: 8204: 8203: 8202: 8199: 8195: 8192: 8191: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8158: 8155: 8154: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8121: 8118: 8117: 8116: 8113: 8109: 8106: 8105: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8072: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7975: 7974: 7971: 7967: 7964: 7963: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7943: 7941: 7937: 7933: 7926: 7922: 7921: 7917: 7913: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7888:Insurance Act 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7878:Companies Act 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7847: 7844: 7843: 7842: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7832: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7807: 7805: 7801: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7761: 7758: 7757: 7756: 7753: 7752: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7724: 7723:Biotechnology 7721: 7720: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7688: 7687: 7684: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7661: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7648: 7645: 7644: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7627:Entertainment 7625: 7623: 7620: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7595: 7594: 7591: 7590: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7548: 7547: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7537: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7525:Uttar Pradesh 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7412: 7410: 7406: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7384: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7371: 7368: 7367: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7352: 7350: 7346: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7302: 7298: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7281: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7256: 7254: 7250: 7244: 7241: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7224: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7209:Digital rupee 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7191: 7190: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7180: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7168:Make in India 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7123:Foreign trade 7121: 7119: 7118:External debt 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7077: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7067: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7044: 7040: 7036: 7031: 7027: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6955: 6951: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6923: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6857: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6797: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6780:Chief Justice 6778: 6776: 6775:Supreme Court 6773: 6769: 6766: 6765: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6745: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6733: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6654: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6642:Energy policy 6640: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6613: 6609: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6557: 6555: 6551: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6503: 6497: 6494: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6481: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6468: 6465: 6464: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6402:Indo-Gangetic 6400: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6330: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6206: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6186: 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4972: 4967: 4961: 4958: 4954:. 5 May 2015. 4953: 4952: 4947: 4941: 4938: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4912: 4907: 4906: 4901: 4895: 4892: 4879: 4875: 4869: 4866: 4861: 4855: 4852: 4847: 4841: 4838: 4833: 4827: 4824: 4812: 4805: 4799: 4796: 4784: 4780: 4774: 4771: 4766: 4759: 4753: 4750: 4735: 4729: 4726: 4714: 4710: 4704: 4701: 4689: 4685: 4679: 4676: 4663: 4662:The Telegraph 4659: 4653: 4650: 4645: 4644:The Telegraph 4641: 4635: 4632: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4613: 4607: 4604: 4599: 4593: 4590: 4574: 4568: 4565: 4553: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4535: 4532: 4520: 4513: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4493: 4485: 4479: 4476: 4463: 4462:1, Law Street 4459: 4453: 4450: 4446: 4441: 4438: 4434: 4429: 4426: 4413: 4409: 4403: 4400: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4374: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4348: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4312: 4308: 4302: 4299: 4286: 4282: 4276: 4273: 4260: 4254: 4251: 4238: 4234: 4233: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4214: 4210: 4209: 4204: 4198: 4195: 4190: 4184: 4181: 4169: 4165: 4159: 4156: 4143: 4139: 4138: 4133: 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2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2336:Forward caste 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2307: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2271: 2268: 2267: 2266: 2263: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2204: 2201: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2191: 2187: 2182: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2174: 2169: 2166: 2165: 2164: 2162: 2159:According to 2156: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2103: 2098: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2071: 2068: 2060: 2057:December 2020 2050: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2034:This section 2032: 2028: 2023: 2022: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2008: 2002: 1999: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1981: 1973: 1965: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1913: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1844: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1811: 1806: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1754: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1724: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1713: 1712: 1706: 1705: 1703: 1702: 1701: 1694: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1679: 1675: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1638:was sent in. 1637: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1586: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1562:, led by the 1561: 1555: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1537: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1492: 1490: 1488: 1483: 1477: 1474: 1469: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1428:government's 1427: 1422: 1419: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1350: 1347:) and 1% for 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1323: 1322:Arunthatiyars 1319: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1305: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1261: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1240:Uttar Pradesh 1238: 1237: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1213: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1117: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1023: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1002: 1000: 998: 996: 993: 991: 989: 986: 985: 981: 979: 977: 974: 971: 968: 966: 963: 962: 958: 955: 952: 949: 946: 943: 941: 938: 937: 933: 931: 928: 925: 922: 919: 917: 914: 913: 909: 907: 905: 903: 900: 898: 896: 893: 892: 888: 886: 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358: 357: 351: 348: 347: 346: 341:In employment 340: 336: 335:Central Govt. 331: 321: 318: 310: 307:December 2020 300: 296: 290: 289: 284:This section 282: 278: 273: 272: 266: 264: 261: 256: 251: 249: 244: 239: 235: 233: 228: 223: 221: 220:public sector 218:vacancies in 215: 212: 210: 202: 200: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 178:Anglo-Indians 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 150: 148: 145:In 1927, the 143: 141: 137: 132: 129: 128:Justice Party 125: 121: 117: 114:abolition of 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 84: 79: 77: 75: 74: 70: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 8669:Law of India 8466:Creamy layer 8306: 8164:Martial arts 8088:Architecture 7961:Demographics 7946:Caste system 7923:Society and 7573:Construction 7355:By net worth 7189:Indian rupee 6992:Reservations 6991: 6860:Intelligence 6763:Human rights 6748:Constitution 6506:Subdivisions 6199:Indian Plate 6189:Fossil Parks 6124:Contemporary 6039:World War II 5916:Early Modern 5906:Vijayanagara 5802:Vedic period 5672:India topics 5599:. Retrieved 5593: 5557:. Retrieved 5550: 5538: 5526:. Retrieved 5521: 5512: 5500:. Retrieved 5496:Zee Business 5495: 5486: 5474:. Retrieved 5469: 5460: 5443: 5433:18 September 5431:. Retrieved 5427: 5418: 5406:. Retrieved 5401: 5392: 5380:. Retrieved 5375: 5366: 5354:. Retrieved 5350: 5341: 5329:. Retrieved 5324: 5315: 5303:. Retrieved 5298: 5289: 5277:. Retrieved 5272: 5263: 5251:. Retrieved 5246: 5237: 5225:. Retrieved 5221: 5211: 5199:. Retrieved 5195: 5185: 5173:. Retrieved 5161: 5151: 5139:. Retrieved 5135: 5125: 5111: 5099:. Retrieved 5094: 5085: 5073:. Retrieved 5068: 5059: 5047:. Retrieved 5035: 5026: 5014:. Retrieved 5012:. 5 May 2015 5009: 5000: 4989: 4980: 4969: 4960: 4949: 4940: 4928:. Retrieved 4923: 4914: 4903: 4894: 4882:. Retrieved 4877: 4868: 4854: 4840: 4826: 4814:. Retrieved 4810: 4798: 4786:. Retrieved 4782: 4773: 4764: 4752: 4740:. Retrieved 4728: 4716:. Retrieved 4712: 4703: 4691:. Retrieved 4687: 4678: 4666:. Retrieved 4661: 4652: 4634: 4620: 4606: 4592: 4580:. 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Retrieved 2577: 2568: 2540:(Shillong), 2520: 2511: 2493: 2464: 2449:armed forces 2432: 2423: 2402: 2393: 2301: 2298: 2285: 2274: 2264: 2261: 2243: 2240: 2229: 2226: 2215: 2212: 2202: 2199: 2188: 2185: 2175: 2172: 2167:Chhattisgarh 2157: 2150: 2147: 2137: 2114: 2111: 2101: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2063: 2054: 2043:Please help 2038:verification 2035: 2011: 2003: 1995: 1989: 1986:creamy layer 1985: 1983: 1980:Creamy layer 1974:Creamy layer 1803: 1777:(Shillong), 1760: 1753:creamy layer 1736:armed forces 1734:Children of 1698: 1682: 1671: 1655: 1640: 1624: 1609: 1606: 1595: 1583: 1557: 1539: 1520: 1496: 1478: 1470: 1467: 1451: 1423: 1415: 1402: 1398: 1382: 1333:Vimukta jati 1311: 657:Chhattisgarh 474: 466: 462: 451: 448:In education 434: 421: 419: 415: 410: 400: 393: 390: 387: 355: 344: 313: 304: 293:Please help 288:verification 285: 252: 240: 236: 224: 216: 213: 206: 198: 151: 144: 133: 91:independence 88: 72: 68: 67: 52:British rule 43: 42: 40: 8564:Ranvir Sena 8490:Commissions 8446:(SC and ST) 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