438:
2484:
79:
1461:
611:
588:
1488:
1336:
2001:
1704:
2028:
1000:
2495:. In the US in 2019, 1,061, or about 20%, of worker fatalities in private industry occurred in construction. In 2017, more than a third of US construction fatalities (366 out of 971 total fatalities) were the result of falls; in the UK, half of the average 36 fatalities per annum over a five-year period to 2021 were attributed to falls from height. Proper safety equipment such as harnesses, hard hats and guardrails and procedures such as securing ladders and inspecting
1650:
462:
1596:
1947:
2734:
273:
1920:
1154:, architectural consultants, and archaeological consultants. A 'lead designer' will normally be identified to help coordinate different disciplinary inputs to the overall design. This may be aided by integration of previously separate disciplines (often undertaken by separate firms) into multi-disciplinary firms with experts from all related fields, or by firms establishing relationships to support design-build processes.
782:
1758:
1024:
5752:
2147:
555:
1731:
5744:
2082:
933:
385:
1893:
1812:
1222:
2109:
1569:
2724:
2055:
1974:
1785:
1677:
1623:
1866:
1839:
1542:
1515:
437:
1352:, construction comprises 6–9% of GDP), and employs around 7% of the total employed workforce around the globe (accounting for over 273 million full- and part-time jobs in 2014). Since 2010, China has been the world's largest single construction market. The United States is the second largest construction market with a 2018 output of $ 1.581 trillion.
569:, non-residential building construction can be procured by a wide range of private and public organisations, including local authorities, educational and religious bodies, transport undertakings, retailers, hoteliers, property developers, financial institutions and other private companies. Most construction in these sectors is undertaken by general
1375:, the construction sector experienced growth during the latter part of 2000s. Based on National Statistical Service, Armenia's construction sector generated approximately 20% of Armenia's GDP during the first and second quarters of 2007. In 2009, according to the World Bank, 30% of Armenia's economy was from construction sector.
602:, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, tunnels, airports, water and sewerage systems, pipelines, and railways. Some general contractors have expertise in civil engineering; civil engineering contractors are firms dedicated to work in this sector, and may specialise in particular types of infrastructure.
1404:
were privately held businesses. In March 2016, 60.4% of construction workers were employed by businesses with fewer than 50 staff. Women are substantially underrepresented (relative to their share of total employment), comprising 10.3% of the US construction workforce, and 25.9% of professional services workers, in 2019.
2290:. Later UK guidance noted that social and employment clauses, where used, must be compatible with relevant EU regulation. Employment of local labour was identified as one of several social issues which could potentially be incorporated in a sustainable procurement approach, although the interdepartmental
891:
problems exist when the present amount of funding cannot cover the current costs for labour and materials; such problems may arise even when the overall budget is adequate, presenting a temporary issue. Cost overruns with government projects have occurred when the contractor identified change orders
845:
considerations, or factors that are a matter of custom or expectation, such as isolating businesses from a business district or residences from a residential district. An attorney may seek changes or exemptions in the law that governs the land where the building will be built, either by arguing that
2273:
reported in 2000 on 25 projects which had aimed to offer training and employment opportunities for locally based school leavers and unemployed people. The
Foundation published "a good practice resource book" in this regard at the same time. Use of local labour and local materials were specified for
1403:
In the US, construction employed around 11.4m people in 2020, with a further 1.8m employed in architectural, engineering, and related professional services – equivalent to just over 8% of the total US workforce. The construction workers were employed in over 843,000 organisations, of which 838,000
1157:
The increasing complexity of construction projects creates the need for design professionals trained in all phases of a project's life-cycle and develop an appreciation of the asset as an advanced technological system requiring close integration of many sub-systems and their individual components,
886:
Financial planning ensures adequate safeguards and contingency plans are in place before the project is started, and ensures that the plan is properly executed over the life of the project. Construction projects can suffer from preventable financial problems. Underbids happen when builders ask for
849:
During the construction of a building, a municipal building inspector usually inspects the ongoing work periodically to ensure that construction adheres to the approved plans and the local building code. Once construction is complete, any later changes made to a building or other asset that affect
728:
Design, finance, and legal aspects overlap and interrelate. The design must be not only structurally sound and appropriate for the use and location, but must also be financially possible to build, and legal to use. The financial structure must be adequate to build the design provided and must pay
2183:
as unskilled or semi-skilled workers; they may be skilled tradespeople; or they may be supervisory or managerial personnel. Under safety legislation in the United
Kingdom, for example, construction workers are defined as people "who work for or under the control of a contractor on a construction
1411:
contributed £117 billion (6%) to UK GDP in 2018, and in 2019 employed 2.4m workers (6.6% of all jobs). These worked either for 343,000 'registered' construction businesses, or for 'unregistered' businesses, typically self-employed contractors; just over one million small/medium-sized businesses,
684:
or repair jobs, like repainting or fixing leaks, where the owner may act as designer, paymaster and laborer for the entire project. However, more complex or ambitious projects usually require additional multi-disciplinary expertise and manpower, so the owner may commission one or more specialist
1200:
On some projects, work on-site will not start until design work is largely complete; on others, some design work may be undertaken concurrently with the early stages of on-site activity (for example, work on a building's foundations may commence while designers are still working on the detailed
1019:
At the start of a project, legal advisors seek to identify ambiguities and other potential sources of trouble in the contract structures, and to present options for preventing problems. During projects, they work to avoid and resolve conflicts that arise. In each case, the lawyer facilitates an
1066:
the works, and manage the works from inception to completion. In parallel, there are direct contractual links between the client and the main contractor, who, in turn, has direct contractual relationships with subcontractors. The arrangement continues until the project is ready for handover.
1081:
Design-build became more common from the late 20th century, and involves the client contracting a single entity to provide design and construction. In some cases, the design-build package can also include finding the site, arranging funding and applying for all necessary statutory consents.
1233:
Once contractors and other relevant professionals have been appointed and designs are sufficiently advanced, work may commence on the project site. Typically, a construction site will include a secure perimeter to restrict unauthorised access, site access control points, office and welfare
874:
may participate in creating an overall plan for the financial management of a construction project. The presence of the mortgage banker is highly likely, even in relatively small projects since the owner's equity in the property is the most obvious source of funding for a building project.
1125:
In the industrialized world, construction usually involves the translation of designs into reality. Most commonly (i.e.: in a design-bid-build project), the design team is employed by (i.e. in contract with) the property owner. Depending upon the type of project, a design team may include
1015:
and other legal obligations, each of which all parties must carefully consider. A contract is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties, and provides structures to manage issues. For example, construction delays can be costly, so construction contracts set out clear
2511:, chemical exposure, and high levels of stress. Besides that, the high turnover of workers in construction industry imposes a huge challenge of accomplishing the restructuring of work practices in individual workplaces or with individual workers. Construction has been identified by the
1390:
region in recent years. The market was valued at nearly $ 60 billion in 2021. In the first half of 2022, Vietnam's construction industry growth rate reached 5.59%. In 2022, Vietnam's construction industry accounted for more than 6% of the country's GDP, equivalent to over 589.7 billion
812:
where the project will be located) for its potential impacts on neighbouring properties, and upon existing infrastructure (transportation, social infrastructure, and utilities including water supply, sewerage, electricity, telecommunications, etc.). Data may be gathered through
1116:
processes, to allow the client greater flexibility in design variation throughout the contract, to enable the appointment of individual work contractors, to separate contractual responsibility on each individual throughout the contract, and to provide greater client control.
829:
has been granted, and may require preparatory work to ensure relevant infrastructure has been upgraded before building work can commence. Preparatory works will also include surveys of existing utility lines to avoid damage-causing outages and other hazardous situations.
1112:. The client takes on the contractual role, while the construction or project manager provides the active role of managing the separate trade contracts, and ensuring that they complete all work smoothly and effectively together. This approach is often used to speed up
1347:
The output of the global construction industry was worth an estimated $ 10.8 trillion in 2017, and in 2018 was forecast to rise to $ 12.9 trillion by 2022, and to around $ 14.8 trillion in 2030. As a sector, construction accounts for more than 10% of global GDP (in
2519:(NORA) to identify and provide intervention strategies regarding occupational health and safety issues. A study conducted in 2022 found “significant effect of air pollution exposure on construction-related injuries and fatalities”, especially with the exposure of
907:. As portions of a project are completed, they may be sold, supplanting one lender or owner for another, while the logistical requirements of having the right trades and materials available for each stage of the building construction project carry forward.
2541:(EPA) as "the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction."
189:
The construction industry promotes economic development and brings many non-monetary benefits to many countries, but it is one of the most hazardous industries. For example, about 20% (1,061) of US industry fatalities in 2019 happened in construction.
3395:
All actions which have the objective of retaining or restoring an item in or to a state in which it can perform its required function. These include the combination of all technical and corresponding administrative, managerial, and supervision
354:
classify companies that perform or engage in construction into three subsectors: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors. There are also categories for professional services firms (e.g.,
2190:
comprise a large grouping in most national construction industries. In the United States, for example, in May 2021 the construction sector employed just over 7.5 million people, of whom just over 820,000 were laborers, while 573,000 were
2165:
2399:, and are trained to design and manage construction processes. These roles require more training as they demand greater technical knowledge, and involve more legal responsibility. Example roles (and qualification routes) include:
1256:
Commissioning is the process of verifying that all subsystems of a new building (or other assets) work as intended to achieve the owner's project requirements and as designed by the project's architects and engineers.
5940:
1265:
A period after handover (or practical completion) during which the owner may identify any shortcomings in relation to the building specification ('defects'), with a view to the contractor correcting the defect.
4811:
4705:
2499:
can curtail the risk of occupational injuries in the construction industry. Other major causes of fatalities in the construction industry include electrocution, transportation accidents, and trench cave-ins.
1395:. The industry of industry and construction accounts for 38.26% of Vietnam's GDP. At the same time, the industry is one of the most attractive industries for foreign direct investment (FDI) in recent years.
182:). Global expenditure on construction activities was about $ 4 trillion in 2012. In 2022, expenditure on the construction industry exceeded $ 11 trillion a year, equivalent to about 13 percent of global
3993:
2591:, the construction industry and decision makers, plus outlined six-overarching ‘system levers’ where action taken now will result in rapid decarbonisation of the construction sector. These levels are:
327:), a US-based construction trade magazine, has compiled and reported data about the size of design and construction contractors. In 2014, it split the data into nine market segments: transportation,
2410:
to degree level, and then undertaken further study and gained professional experience. In many countries, the title of "architect" is protected by law, strictly limiting its use to qualified people.
5875:
5786:
5299:
763:
Construction or refurbishment work in a "live" environment (where residents or businesses remain living in or operating on the site) requires particular care, planning and communication.
756:, alliancing) between the client, the contractor, and other stakeholders within a construction project, seeking to ameliorate often highly competitive and adversarial industry practices.
6914:
2686:
1082:
Typically, the client invites several Design & Build (D&B) contractors to submit proposals to meet the project brief and then selects a preferred supplier. Often this will be a
6643:
5230:
167:
that continues until the asset is built and ready for use. Construction also covers repairs and maintenance work, any works to expand, extend and improve the asset, and its eventual
1062:
or builder acts for the client as the project coordinator. They design the works, prepare specifications and design deliverables (models, drawings, etc.), administer the contract,
6411:
3644:
2512:
6613:
5224:
2618:
and the Danish
Partnership for Green Public Procurement. There are also now demonstrations of applying the principles of circular economy practices in practice such as Circl,
725:
are agreed for the delivery of services by all businesses, alongside other detailed plans aimed at ensuring legal, timely, on-budget and safe delivery of the specified works.
6057:
1234:
accommodation for personnel from the main contractor and other firms involved in the project team, and storage areas for materials, machinery and equipment. According to the
892:
or project changes that increased costs, which are not subject to competition from other firms as they have already been eliminated from consideration after the initial bid.
6909:
6904:
4064:
2557:
has stated the buildings and infrastructure around the world can reach 40% less embodied carbon emissions but that this can only be achieved through urgent transformation.
875:
Accountants act to study the expected monetary flow over the life of the project and to monitor the payouts throughout the process. Professionals including cost engineers,
6728:
6156:
846:
a rule is inapplicable (the bridge design will not cause a collapse), or that the custom is no longer needed (acceptance of live-work spaces has grown in the community).
685:
businesses to undertake detailed planning, design, construction and handover of the work. Often the owner will appoint one business to oversee the project (this may be a
6703:
6492:
4395:
3944:
6878:
6693:
6542:
4146:
2614:
Progress is being made internationally to decarbonise the sector including improvements to sustainable procurement practice such as the CO2 performance ladder in the
2491:
Construction is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world, incurring more occupational fatalities than any other sector in both the United States and in the
4815:
1399:
Construction is a major source of employment in most countries; high reliance on small businesses, and under-representation of women are common traits. For example:
7041:
6883:
6416:
6116:
5208:
4919:
3619:
6823:
6421:
6146:
5962:
5868:
5779:
5247:
1412:
mainly self-employed individuals, worked in the sector in 2019, comprising about 18% of all UK businesses. Women comprised 12.5% of the UK construction workforce.
6969:
6803:
6788:
6601:
6537:
6311:
5365:
5281:
4743:
351:
4636:
2184:
site"; in Canada, this can include people whose work includes ensuring conformance with building codes and regulations, and those who supervise other workers.
6286:
6271:
5987:
5196:
6623:
6487:
6477:
6467:
5945:
5895:
5837:
5370:
1408:
6873:
6838:
5997:
5992:
5982:
5842:
5375:
3408:
760:(design for manufacture and assembly) approaches also emphasize early collaboration with manufacturers and suppliers regarding products and components.
449:
sites. Typically, a project is instigated by or with the owner of the property (who may be an individual or an organisation); occasionally, land may be
6858:
6793:
6462:
6457:
6361:
6336:
5861:
5772:
5236:
5202:
2313:
Unskilled and semi-skilled workers provide general site labor, often have few or no construction qualifications, and may receive basic site training.
4532:
1090:
usually use design-build contracts as a way of progressing projects where states lack the skills or resources, particularly for very large projects.
6888:
6778:
6472:
6381:
6366:
6296:
6281:
5967:
5957:
5884:
5653:
5317:
2465:
4852:
3226:
6949:
6848:
6748:
6658:
6201:
6047:
6042:
1251:
2549:
The construction industry may require transformation at pace and at scale if it is to successfully contribute to achieving the target set out in
3795:
6833:
6813:
6678:
6431:
6396:
6346:
6231:
6171:
6091:
6032:
6027:
5293:
4995:
729:
amounts that are legally owed. Legal structures integrate design with other activities and enforce financial and other construction processes.
2587:. This report set out around 20 different recommendations to transform and decarbonise the construction sector, including recommendations for
2416: – Typically holds a degree in a related subject and may only be eligible for membership of a professional institution (such as the UK's
6863:
6818:
6783:
6758:
6738:
6733:
6723:
6713:
6708:
6698:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6653:
6648:
6635:
6527:
6502:
6441:
6391:
6356:
6351:
6321:
6301:
6256:
6236:
6101:
6072:
6067:
5305:
5275:
5253:
4170:
3006:
2516:
839:
considerations, or the desire to prevent indisputably bad phenomena, e.g. explosions or bridge collapses. Other legal requirements come from
264:
has been increasingly popular in the 21st century. Some estimates suggest that 40% of construction projects are now fast-track construction.
3094:
7026:
6929:
6868:
6853:
6828:
6808:
6798:
6773:
6718:
6683:
6608:
6593:
6436:
6426:
6406:
6341:
6326:
6276:
6266:
6261:
6226:
6181:
6161:
6151:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6106:
6052:
6037:
6022:
6017:
6009:
5974:
5287:
2439:
3770:
2294:
recognised that "there is far less scope to incorporate social issues in public procurement than is the case with environmental issues".
4474:
3602:
6843:
6768:
6763:
6743:
6688:
6401:
6386:
6376:
6331:
6316:
6291:
6251:
6246:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6196:
6186:
6141:
6111:
6077:
6062:
5952:
5930:
5329:
5190:
4912:
3945:"Vietnam attracts over 39,100 FDI projects with registered capital of nearly 469 billion USD so far | Business | Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus)"
3302:
3041:
1193:(BIM) processes has involved the use of computer-generated models that can be used in their own right or to generate drawings and other
4421:
2483:
6753:
6371:
6241:
6206:
6191:
6166:
6095:
6087:
6082:
5184:
2564:
transformation is likely to be challenging for the construction industry, but it does present an opportunity. Action is demanded from
1178:
347:
3844:
3544:
3517:
2933:
7001:
6532:
6306:
6176:
5935:
5648:
4985:
4381:
3492:
3445:
3312:
3147:
3137:
3104:
3036:
3022:
2339:) or received technical training; this group also includes on-site managers who possess extensive knowledge and experience in their
2239:
2204:
1242:
when the first feature of the permanent structure has been put in place, such as pile driving, or the pouring of slabs or footings.
980:
424:
2265:
Some models and policy-making organisations promote the engagement of local labour in construction projects as a means of tackling
6547:
6522:
6507:
6482:
5832:
5360:
2659:
2199:, 258,000 were equipment operators and 230,000 were construction managers. Like most business sectors, there is also substantial
1104:
In a construction management arrangement, the client enters into separate contracts with the designer (architect or engineer), a
5441:
4870:
2538:
2235:
4399:
908:
5822:
5812:
5716:
5547:
5355:
5345:
4905:
3072:
2691:
2670:
2532:
2417:
2154:
1340:
958:
406:
5827:
3969:
1428:
and in
European countries. In the United States, construction productivity per worker has declined by half since the 1960s.
740:
to design the project, after which a competitive process is undertaken to appoint a lead contractor to construct the asset (
3746:
2452:
qualification, but are often also qualified in another field such as architecture, civil engineering or quantity surveying.
2420:) following completion of additional training and experience. In some jurisdictions, a new university graduate must hold a
7006:
6557:
5817:
5484:
5350:
5071:
4324:
3994:"Đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài vào lĩnh vực xây dựng và bất động sản - thực trạng và những vấn đề đặt ra - Tạp chí Cộng sản"
2435:
1356:
In the United States in
February 2020, around $ 1.4 trillion worth of construction work was in progress, according to the
1284:, building infrastructure, and supporting utilities in industrial, business, governmental, and residential installations.
1190:
954:
402:
70:
63:
4837:
4208:"Are you a construction worker? Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM 2015) – What you need to know"
515:
may comprise both residential and non-residential construction (e.g.: retail, leisure, offices, public buildings, etc.).
6562:
5600:
5583:
5537:
5429:
5323:
5219:
4750:
4729:
3276:
3068:
2653:
2576:
2554:
1087:
6954:
6939:
5084:
5031:
4340:
3669:
2878:
2322:
1424:
growth per worker in construction has lagged behind many other industries across different countries including in the
1357:
1147:
1054:
Design-bid-build is the most common and well-established method of construction procurement. In this arrangement, the
5807:
3718:
78:
6576:
5578:
2681:
2270:
1016:
expectations and clear paths to manage delays. Poorly drafted contracts can lead to confusion and costly disputes.
912:
822:
3409:"Global construction set to rise to US$ 12.9 trillion by 2022, driven by Asia Pacific, Africa and the Middle East"
3208:
246:. In the 19th century, steam-powered machinery appeared, and later, diesel- and electric-powered vehicles such as
7011:
6552:
6512:
5915:
5628:
5516:
5479:
2279:
1311:
1159:
1049:
776:
741:
38:
2769:, and is often achieved through membership of the relevant professional institution (ICE, CIBSE, IStructE, etc).
2234:
supervises it. Those involved with the design and execution must consider zoning requirements and legal issues,
6991:
6924:
5521:
5499:
5401:
5264:
4990:
4952:
4120:
2980:
2610:
Adopting a joined up, systems approach to decarbonisation across the construction sector and with other sectors
2478:
2429:
2364:
2287:
2251:
1226:
1194:
943:
610:
298:, includes large public works, dams, bridges, highways, railways, water or wastewater and utility distribution.
919:
in 2019, the "vast majority of large construction projects go over budget and take 20% longer than expected".
155:, industrial facilities, and associated activities through to the end of their life. It typically starts with
4564:
4311:
3645:"Xây dựng là lĩnh vực quan trọng, mang tính chiến lược, có vai trò rất lớn trong phát triển kinh tế - xã hội"
2956:
808:
requirements. A project will normally be assessed (by the 'authority having jurisdiction, AHJ, typically the
7036:
6959:
6919:
6497:
5747:
5706:
5608:
5463:
5448:
5436:
5311:
4980:
4975:
4769:
2941:
2918:
2702:
2696:
2219:
1275:
1105:
1099:
962:
947:
753:
749:
713:, liaise with relevant public authorities, and procure materials and the services of other specialists (the
698:
625:
587:
488:
395:
319:
261:
205:
199:
4233:
4183:
1392:
1280:
Maintenance involves functional checks, servicing, repairing or replacing of necessary devices, equipment,
6964:
6517:
5552:
5511:
5504:
5458:
4539:
2913:
2508:
2464: – Typically holds a bachelor's degree in quantity surveying. UK chartered status is gained from the
1335:
1314:, which involves taking a building apart while carefully preserving valuable elements for reuse purposes (
1139:
1135:
566:
183:
179:
3820:
3123:
7077:
7051:
6944:
5755:
5697:
5542:
5453:
4947:
4889:
4449:"Construction Fall Fatalities Still Highest Among All Industries: What more can we do? (April 10, 2019)"
2708:
2227:
1202:
1186:
1170:
1012:
559:
546:(custom-designed homes are often more expensive to build) and the availability of skilled tradespeople.
512:
302:
1417:
916:
4448:
2822:
999:
6996:
6934:
5590:
5270:
5242:
5118:
3919:
2968:
2425:
2247:
2033:
1201:
designs of the building's internal spaces). Some projects may include elements that are designed for
702:
694:
3341:
3328:
5721:
5494:
5424:
5123:
5066:
4957:
4706:"Decarbonisation And The Green Transition In Construction: Logical, Cost-Effective, And Inevitable"
4286:"Tables – Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics: National industry-specific and by ownership"
3694:
2766:
2728:
2550:
2455:
2380:
2302:
2200:
1174:
1143:
1004:
826:
633:
530:. Materials readily available in the area generally dictate the construction materials used (e.g.:
508:
500:
343:
used data on transportation, sewage, hazardous waste and water to rank firms as heavy contractors.
4329:
The Policy Press/Joseph
Rowntree Foundation, published 17 November 2000, accessed 17 February 2024
1086:
involving a design firm and a contractor (sometimes more than one of each). In the United States,
5613:
5595:
5026:
5021:
3190:
3016:
2762:
2738:
2664:
2635:
2259:
1383:
1063:
904:
772:
690:
598:
Civil engineering covers the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally
543:
492:
466:
368:
328:
4797:
2421:
178:
The construction industry contributes significantly to many countries' gross domestic products (
4362:
7021:
5675:
5573:
5489:
5113:
5056:
5016:
4942:
4686:
4485:
3620:"Tầm quan trọng của ngành xây dựng đối với sự phát triển của Vùng kinh tế trọng điểm phía Nam"
3441:
3308:
3257:
3182:
3143:
3100:
3002:
2647:
2641:
2584:
2461:
2372:
2275:
2255:
1349:
880:
797:
733:
599:
582:
484:
474:
461:
332:
295:
5623:
4169:
Source: National
Accounts Estimates of Main Aggregates | United Nations Statistics Division.
1387:
1189:(CAD) technologies then improved design productivity, while the 21st-century introduction of
5396:
4662:
3172:
2675:
2656: – Process to ensure that all building systems perform according to the "Design Intent"
2520:
2449:
2396:
2392:
2266:
1319:
1210:
1166:
994:
899:
Large projects can involve highly complex financial plans and often start with a conceptual
871:
841:
287:
Broadly, there are three sectors of construction: buildings, infrastructure and industrial:
277:
4783:
4725:
5643:
5638:
5051:
5041:
3723:
Vietnam
Business Forum – Liên đoàn Thương mại và Công nghiệp Việt Nam-Kinh tế - Thị trường
3574:
3552:
2445:
2223:
2215:
851:
445:
Building construction is the process of adding structures to areas of land, also known as
336:
247:
147:
In its most widely used context, construction covers the processes involved in delivering
102:
4563:
Swanson, Naomi; Tisdale-Pardi, Julie; MacDonald, Leslie; Tiesman, Hope M. (13 May 2013).
3467:
3046:
4586:
4207:
3586:
2806:
272:
17:
5731:
5046:
5036:
4690:
4611:
4367:
4358:
3119:
2492:
2413:
2332:
1601:
1361:
1206:
1131:
781:
496:
450:
211:
152:
2733:
1023:
748:); or they may directly appoint a designer, contractor and specialist subcontractors (
291:
Building construction is usually further divided into residential and non-residential.
7071:
7031:
5680:
5665:
5391:
4345:
3194:
2442:(MEP) engineer" and typically holds a degree in mechanical or electrical engineering.
2211:
2180:
1493:
1425:
1365:
900:
863:
814:
805:
718:
697:, or other advisors); such specialists are normally appointed for their expertise in
657:
527:
446:
281:
110:
3301:
Dynybyl, Vojtěch; Berka, Ondrej; Petr, Karel; Lopot, František; Dub, Martin (2015).
2146:
554:
172:
7046:
5853:
5764:
5726:
5711:
5557:
5416:
5061:
4884:
4857:
2504:
2407:
1925:
1421:
1213:) and are then delivered to the site ready for erection, installation or assembly.
1076:
809:
745:
714:
653:
629:
519:
360:
2667: – Artificial structures such as pavements covered with water-tight materials
2458: – Typically holds a bachelor's or master's degree in structural engineering.
2286:
condition requiring use of local labour and local materials was incompatible with
2278:, but there were legal issues which were challenged in court and addressed by the
1386:. The Vietnamese construction industry has been one of the fastest growing in the
542:
can vary dramatically based on site conditions, access routes, local regulations,
3435:
1364:(split roughly 55:45% between residential and nonresidential); the remainder was
883:
apply expertise to relate the work and materials involved to a proper valuation.
7056:
5670:
5660:
5163:
5128:
5098:
3575:
Future of
Consultancy: Global Export Strategy for UK Consultancy and Engineering
2623:
2615:
2569:
2496:
2368:
2352:
2336:
2196:
2006:
1952:
1763:
1113:
1032:
932:
835:
818:
681:
570:
384:
356:
239:
4363:
Construction
Industry: Treasury written question – answered at on 19 April 2004
3796:"9 tháng năm 2022, ngành Xây dựng tăng trưởng 5%-5,6% so với cùng kỳ năm trước"
1221:
1197:
as well as capturing non-geometric data about building components and systems.
5900:
5687:
5618:
5143:
5138:
5103:
3970:"Đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài và vấn đề phát triển kinh tế - xã hội ở Việt Nam"
3163:
Tabei, Sayed Mohammad Amin; Bagherpour, Morteza; Mahmoudi, Amin (2019-03-19).
2583:
which outlined key areas to decarbonise the construction sector and the wider
2565:
2537:
Sustainability is an aspect of "green building", defined by the United States
2360:
2344:
2150:
1307:
1293:
1151:
1083:
876:
867:
661:
591:
538:). Costs of construction on a per square meter (or per square foot) basis for
480:
227:
219:
168:
130:
69:"Construction site" redirects here. For the British children's TV series, see
4382:
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE SUSTAINABLE PROCUREMENT GROUP, January 2003
4171:
Gross Value Added by Kind of Economic Activity at current prices – US dollars
3280:
3261:
3186:
5692:
5148:
5108:
5011:
3493:"Construction Sector Employment in Low-Income Countries: Size of the Sector"
2403:
2348:
2328:
2231:
2192:
1736:
1709:
1315:
1303:
1127:
1109:
1055:
888:
790:
722:
665:
619:
523:
441:
Military residential unit construction by U.S. Navy personnel in Afghanistan
364:
255:
251:
231:
160:
4637:"Air pollution increases the likelihood of accidents in construction sites"
4533:"The Construction Chart Book: The US Construction Industry and its Workers"
4312:
Local labour in construction: tackling social exclusion and skill shortages
3165:"Application of Fuzzy Modelling to Predict Construction Projects Cash Flow"
2598:
Embedding quantitative whole-life carbon assessment into public procurement
2371:, as well as those involved in project management. In the UK these require
3256:(Paper). New York, New York: Fortune Media (USA) Corporation. p. 36.
1437:
List of countries with the largest construction Gross Value Added in 2018
317:
The industry can also be classified into sectors or markets. For example,
186:. This spending was forecasted to rise to around $ 14.8 trillion in 2030.
5214:
5093:
4184:"Construction worker definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary"
3893:
2619:
2588:
2561:
2553:
of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5C above industrial levels. The
2376:
2283:
2187:
2173:
2169:
2133:
The twenty-five largest countries in the world by construction GVA (2018)
1299:
1059:
737:
710:
686:
645:
615:
306:
156:
148:
4259:
4046:
3164:
2852:
2723:
2258:, logistics, and inconvenience to the public, including those caused by
796:
When applicable, a proposed construction project must comply with local
144:
is construction: how something is built or the nature of its structure.
5153:
5133:
4020:
3177:
2714:
2601:
Increasing design efficiency, materials reuse and retrofit of buildings
2356:
2164:
2087:
1574:
1379:
1372:
1281:
1182:
786:
701:
and construction management and will help the owner define the project
669:
649:
409: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
310:
235:
223:
106:
98:
83:
3573:
Global Construction Perspectives & Construction Economics (2019),
479:
Residential construction may be undertaken by individual land-owners (
5905:
5406:
5168:
5158:
4710:
4285:
3606:
3227:"Global construction industry faces growing threat of economic crime"
2305:
based on educational background and training, which vary by country:
2298:
2243:
2203:
employment in construction – 681,000 US workers were recorded by the
2158:
2060:
1979:
1898:
1817:
1790:
1682:
1655:
1628:
1339:
Helicopter view of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (
915:(PFIs) may also be used to help deliver major projects. According to
801:
744:); they may appoint a business to lead both design and construction (
706:
641:
637:
535:
504:
215:
164:
1298:
Demolition is the discipline of safely and efficiently tearing down
1162:
is an emerging discipline that attempts to meet this new challenge.
752:). Some forms of procurement emphasize collaborative relationships (
331:, buildings, power, industrial, water, manufacturing, sewage/waste,
2207:
as in 'office and administrative support occupations' in May 2021.
5259:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4510:
2482:
2340:
2163:
2145:
2114:
1871:
1844:
1547:
1520:
1466:
1334:
1220:
1028:
1022:
998:
893:
780:
609:
586:
553:
539:
531:
460:
436:
271:
243:
114:
77:
4396:"UK Construction Careers, Certifications/Degrees and occupations"
4325:
Using local labour in construction: A good practice resource book
3589:. United States Census Bureau. Accessed: 29 April 2020. Also see
2650: – Engineering discipline focused on physical infrastructure
1020:
exchange of obligations that matches the reality of the project.
5633:
2705: – Process that creates or renovates new or existing spaces
2595:
Setting and stipulating progressive targets for carbon reduction
2301:
within the construction industry. There are three main tiers of
850:
safety, including its use, expansion, structural integrity, and
757:
628:
includes offshore construction (mainly of energy installations:
141:
137:
5857:
5768:
4901:
4897:
214:
and shelters were constructed by hand or with simple tools. As
3868:
3590:
2793:
Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) Oxford University Press 2009
1447:
926:
896:
is also an issue of growing significance within construction.
378:
94:
82:
Construction site and equipment prepared for start of work in
59:
Process of building or assembling a building or infrastructure
3771:"Tốc độ tăng trưởng ngành xây dựng tăng 4,47% so với cùng kỳ"
3545:"Global construction growth to outpace GDP this decade – PwC"
2581:
Decarbonising Construction: Building a new net zero industry,
4092:
Briefing Paper: Construction industry: statistics and policy
2957:
NAICS Search 2012 NAICS Definition, Sector 23 – Construction
2391:
Professional, technical and managerial personnel often have
4587:"CDC – NIOSH Program Portfolio : Construction Program"
4021:"Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey"
3277:"S. Carolina Court to Decide Legality of Design-Build Bids"
2711: – Ability of a structure to withstand physical strain
2379:
subject areas, undertaken either directly after completing
1382:, the construction industry plays an important role in the
5300:
National Railroad Construction and Maintenance Association
3252:
Alsever, Jennifer (December 2019). "Bots Start Building".
2560:
Conclusions from industry leaders have suggested that the
1181:. Until the late 20th century, drawings were largely hand-
3518:"Which countries are investing the most in construction?"
3327:
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction,
3096:
Collaborative Construction Procurement and Improved Value
1236:
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Architecture and Construction's
3674:
Cục giám định nhà nước về chất lượng công trình xây dựng
2687:
List of tallest structures built before the 20th century
2644: – Material which is used for construction purposes
305:(mainly of energy installations), mining and quarrying,
5231:
Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineering
4567:. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
3380:"European Federation of National Maintenance Societies"
3379:
2503:
Other safety risks for workers in construction include
42:
4121:"Construction industry just 12.5% women and 5.4% BAME"
2638: – Management system in the construction industry
785:
Digging the foundation for a building construction in
3354:
3344:, last updated 17 February 2022, accessed 16 May 2022
2807:
http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=construction
2699: – Overview of and topical guide to construction
2568:, standards bodies, the construction sector, and the
2513:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1343:) Operations Support Facility (OSF) construction site
1165:
Traditionally, design has involved the production of
5225:
Chartered Institution of Civil Engineering Surveyors
4314:, published November 2000, accessed 17 February 2024
3747:"The Growth of the Construction Industry in Vietnam"
3440:, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education, p. 4,
2487:
At-risk workers without appropriate safety equipment
2438: – May also be referred to as an "M&E" or "
732:
These processes also affect procurement strategies.
6982:
6897:
6634:
6586:
6575:
6450:
6008:
5923:
5914:
5566:
5530:
5472:
5415:
5384:
5338:
5177:
5080:
5004:
4968:
4935:
2987:, published 10 June 2018, accessed 26 November 2023
1441:
1007:, widening the road from six to twelve travel lanes
4349:, published 8 June 2016, accessed 31 December 2023
4238:Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
4147:"The construction industry's productivity problem"
3845:"Kinh tế Việt Nam năm 2022 và triển vọng năm 2023"
4814:. Ministry of Environment Denmark. Archived from
3800:Tạp chí Kinh tế và Dự báo - Bộ Kế hoạch và Đầu tư
3624:Tạp chí Kinh tế và Dự báo - Bộ Kế hoạch và Đầu tư
4612:"CDC – NIOSH – NORA Construction Sector Council"
4475:"Construction statistics in Great Britain, 2021"
4047:"Industries at a glance: Construction: NAICS 23"
3719:"Kinh tế Việt Nam 2023: Nhiều điểm sáng nổi bật"
3001:(4th ed.). London: EG Books. pp. 1–8.
1360:, of which just over $ 1.0 trillion was for the
558:Construction of the Federal Reserve building in
7042:List of visionary tall buildings and structures
5209:Association of Plumbing and Heating Contractors
4513:. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
4484:. Health & Safety Executive. Archived from
3670:"Ngành Xây dựng - hành trình 60 năm phát triển"
3139:Construction Law: From Beginner to Practitioner
2387:Professional, technical or managerial personnel
2269:and addressing skill shortages. In the UK, the
1368:, predominantly for state and local government.
522:, and resources must conform to local building
5248:Construction Management Association of America
3587:Value of Construction Put in Place at a Glance
3279:. Construction Equipment Guide. Archived from
2572:profession to meet the decarbonising targets.
2218:normally manages the budget on the job, and a
2153:erecting the steel frame of a new building at
5869:
5780:
5282:National Association of Women in Construction
4913:
4704:Donati, Angelica Krystle (February 6, 2023).
3920:"Tăng trưởng GDP: Kết quả 2022, kỳ vọng 2023"
3468:"Global Construction: insights (26 May 2017)"
3209:"North County News – San Diego Union Tribune"
2857:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
2853:"Commonly Used Statistics: Worker fatalities"
2515:(NIOSH) as a priority industry sector in the
1238:definition, construction may be said to have
352:North American Industry Classification System
8:
5197:Asbestos Testing and Consultancy Association
4663:"Basic Information | Green Building |US EPA"
4455:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2847:
2845:
2843:
2448: – Typically holds a 4-year or greater
242:, the artisan craftsmen were organized into
3591:Manufacturing & Construction Statistics
3037:"History and Heritage of Civil Engineering"
1011:A construction project is a complex net of
961:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
825:. Construction normally cannot start until
339:, and a tenth category for other projects.
26:
6583:
5920:
5876:
5862:
5854:
5787:
5773:
5765:
4920:
4906:
4898:
4853:"The house that 20,000 toothbrushes built"
4641:London School of Economics Business Review
4065:"TED: The Economics Daily (March 3, 2017)"
4015:
4013:
2997:Marshall, Duncan; Worthing, Derek (2006).
887:too little money to complete the project.
5237:Civil Engineering Contractors Association
5203:Associated General Contractors of America
3924:Nhịp sống kinh tế Việt Nam & Thế giới
3821:"Topic: Construction industry in Vietnam"
3304:The Latest Methods of Construction Design
3176:
2383:or through "on the job" apprenticeships.
1158:including sustainability. For buildings,
981:Learn how and when to remove this message
854:, usually require municipality approval.
425:Learn how and when to remove this message
5654:List of tallest buildings and structures
5318:Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
3695:"Topic: Construction industry worldwide"
3603:"Armenian Growth Still In Double Digits"
3169:Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering
2879:Fast-track construction becomes the norm
2466:Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
1435:
1027:Apartment complex under construction in
238:were used for construction work. In the
32:This is an accepted version of this page
5294:National Kitchen & Bath Association
4798:"Strategy for green public procurement"
4384:, paragraph 8.4, accessed 29 April 2024
2789:"Construction" def. 1.a. 1.b. and 1.c.
2782:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2604:Improving whole-life carbon performance
2297:There are many routes to the different
1252:New-construction building commissioning
28:
4812:"The Forum on Sustainable Procurement"
4422:"Health and safety at work statistics"
3014:
2424:to become chartered, and persons with
2172:, the largest construction company in
1446:Construction GVA in 2018 (billions in
5306:National Tile Contractors Association
5276:National Association of Home Builders
5254:Construction Specifications Institute
4772:. National Engineering Policy Centre.
3741:
3739:
2817:
2815:
2517:National Occupational Research Agenda
2347:. Skilled manual occupations include
2254:, availability and transportation of
680:Some construction projects are small
614:The National Cement Share Company of
7:
5288:National Fire Protection Association
2981:What is a Compulsory Purchase Order?
2440:mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
959:adding citations to reliable sources
518:Residential construction practices,
407:adding citations to reliable sources
5330:Society of Construction Arbitrators
5191:American Society of Civil Engineers
4292:. United States Department of Labor
4266:. United States Department of Labor
4109:. London: House of Commons Library.
4107:Briefing Paper: Business statistics
4094:. London: House of Commons Library.
2859:. United States Department of Labor
2765:qualification is controlled by the
2678: – Gradual destruction of land
1270:Maintenance, repair and improvement
296:heavy civil' or 'heavy engineering'
5185:American Institute of Constructors
4851:Wainwright, Oliver (7 July 2014).
4744:"Bringing embodied carbon upfront"
4726:"Bringing embodied carbon upfront"
4447:Garza, Elizabeth (10 April 2019).
4105:Rhodes, Chris (16 December 2019).
4090:Rhodes, Chris (16 December 2019).
3543:Roumeliotis, Greg (3 March 2011).
2577:National Engineering Policy Centre
2406: – Will usually have studied
2309:Unskilled and semi-skilled workers
2210:Large-scale construction requires
1409:United Kingdom construction sector
1326:Industry scale and characteristics
862:Depending on the type of project,
833:Some legal requirements come from
348:Standard Industrial Classification
57:
5649:Lists of buildings and structures
4511:"OSHA's Fall Prevention Campaign"
2823:"Global Construction Report 2030"
2205:United States Department of Labor
309:, chemical processing, mills and
301:Industrial construction includes
5885:Tallest buildings and structures
5751:
5750:
5742:
4394:Wood, Hannah (17 January 2012).
4053:. US Bureau of Labor Statistics.
3413:Building Design and Construction
2732:
2722:
2660:Environmental impact of concrete
2622:'s sustainable pavilion and the
2107:
2080:
2053:
2026:
1999:
1972:
1945:
1918:
1891:
1864:
1837:
1810:
1783:
1756:
1729:
1702:
1675:
1648:
1621:
1594:
1567:
1540:
1513:
1486:
1459:
931:
383:
6478:Countries with most skyscrapers
5743:
4836:Chua, Geraldine (May 4, 2018).
4380:Sustainable Procurement Group,
4234:"Construction Worker – General"
4071:. US Bureau of Labor Statistics
3437:Construction Project Management
2967:US Department of Labor (OSHA),
2539:Environmental Protection Agency
2282:in 1993. The court held that a
2274:the construction of the Danish
2214:across multiple disciplines. A
2179:Some workers may be engaged in
1044:Traditional or Design-bid-build
594:under construction in June 1942
453:from the owner for public use.
394:needs additional citations for
140:: the act of building, and the
5717:Sustainability in construction
5548:Modern methods of construction
4341:Evaluation and the audit trail
3073:Institution of Civil Engineers
2692:Modern methods of construction
2671:Index of construction articles
2533:Sustainability in construction
2155:Massachusetts General Hospital
93:is a general term meaning the
1:
7007:Antenna height considerations
5485:Building services engineering
4786:. The CO2 Performance Ladder.
4398:. TH Services. Archived from
4290:US Bureau of Labor Statistics
4264:US Bureau of Labor Statistics
4069:US Bureau of Labor Statistics
4051:US Bureau of Labor Statistics
4025:US Bureau of Labor Statistics
3021:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2607:Improving skills for net zero
2292:Sustainable Procurement Group
1191:building information modeling
1088:departments of transportation
656:and other processing plants,
294:Infrastructure, also called '
268:Construction industry sectors
71:Construction Site (TV series)
64:Construction (disambiguation)
7002:All buildings and structures
6473:Cities with most skyscrapers
5601:Construction equipment theft
5324:Scottish Building Federation
5220:Construction History Society
4890:Resources in other libraries
4840:. Architecture & Design.
4800:. Economy Agency of Denmark.
4770:"Decarbonising construction"
4751:World Green Building Council
4730:World Green Building Council
4538:. CPWR, 2013. Archived from
4310:Joseph Rowntree Foundation,
3342:Defects liability period DLP
3124:Working in live environments
2717: – Bolognese slang term
2654:Commissioning (construction)
2555:World Green Building Council
2507:due to high noise exposure,
736:may, for example, appoint a
550:Non-residential construction
465:Units under construction in
6468:Buildings by height to roof
5032:Chartered Building Surveyor
4996:Water supply and sanitation
4212:Health and Safety Executive
3777:(in Vietnamese). 2023-07-06
3331:, accessed 8 September 2020
3069:"What is Civil Engineering"
2804:Online Etymology Dictionary
2323:List of construction trades
1432:Construction GVA by country
913:private finance initiatives
909:Public–private partnerships
823:geotechnical investigations
577:Infrastructure construction
276:Industrial assemblage of a
7094:
5579:List of building materials
3918:Ngọc, Dương (2023-02-25).
3892:Hoàng, Hiếu (2022-02-12).
3355:"Defense Logistics Agency"
3340:Designing Buildings Wiki,
2999:The Construction of Houses
2682:List of tallest structures
2545:Decarbonising construction
2530:
2476:
2436:Building services engineer
2320:
2271:Joseph Rowntree Foundation
2130:
1291:
1273:
1249:
1246:Commissioning and handover
1097:
1074:
1047:
992:
770:
721:and materials suppliers).
580:
499:(e.g.: local authorities,
472:
234:, appeared. Occasionally,
222:, a class of professional
203:
197:
68:
61:
7012:Architectural engineering
6533:Skyscrapers by floor area
5891:
5803:
5740:
5517:Environmental engineering
5480:Architectural engineering
4885:Resources in your library
4838:"Designing the Dutch way"
4188:www.collinsdictionary.com
4173:. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
3751:www.researchinvietnam.com
3099:. John Wiley & Sons.
2791:Oxford English Dictionary
2375:qualifications, often in
2365:heavy equipment operators
2280:European Court of Justice
2103:
2076:
2049:
2022:
1995:
1968:
1941:
1914:
1887:
1860:
1833:
1806:
1779:
1752:
1725:
1698:
1671:
1644:
1617:
1590:
1563:
1536:
1509:
1482:
1455:
1444:
1148:fire protection engineers
777:Pre-construction services
6992:Additionally guyed tower
5522:Geotechnical engineering
5500:Construction engineering
5265:Home Builders Federation
4991:Timeline of architecture
4953:Underground construction
4565:"Women's Health at Work"
4371:, accessed 29 April 2024
4260:"Construction: NAICS 23"
3434:Chitkara, K. K. (1998),
2969:Division C: Construction
2479:Construction site safety
2395:qualifications, usually
2252:construction site safety
1261:Defects liability period
497:public or social housing
457:Residential construction
39:latest accepted revision
18:Residential construction
7037:Height restriction laws
6915:Before the 20th century
5707:Real estate development
5609:Construction management
5464:Vernacular architecture
5449:Indigenous architecture
5437:Industrial architecture
5312:Railway Tie Association
3329:"Start of construction"
2942:Engineering News-Record
2919:Engineering News-Record
2729:Architecture portal
2703:Real estate development
2697:Outline of construction
1276:Maintenance (technical)
1227:foundation construction
1100:Construction management
1094:Construction management
750:construction management
626:Industrial construction
606:Industrial construction
320:Engineering News-Record
262:Fast-track construction
206:History of architecture
200:History of construction
6543:Voluntarily demolished
6058:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5553:Monocrete construction
5512:Earthquake engineering
5505:Structural engineering
5459:Landscape architecture
4986:Structural engineering
3869:"World Bank Open Data"
3699:Expert Market Research
3609:), September 20, 2007.
2739:Engineering portal
2509:musculoskeletal injury
2488:
2430:Incorporated Engineers
2331:have typically served
2176:
2161:
1344:
1230:
1035:
1013:construction contracts
1008:
793:
676:Construction processes
622:
595:
562:
513:mixed-use developments
470:
451:compulsorily purchased
442:
284:
136:. To 'construct' is a
87:
7052:Partially guyed tower
5796:Construction industry
5543:Earthbag construction
5454:Interior architecture
4948:Offshore construction
4687:"The Paris Agreement"
4428:. European Commission
3593:for more information.
3549:Reuters Economic News
3275:Cronin, Jeff (2005).
3126:, accessed 6 May 2023
3093:Mosey, David (2019).
2709:Structural robustness
2579:published its report
2486:
2228:construction engineer
2167:
2149:
1338:
1302:and other artificial
1224:
1203:off-site construction
1187:computer-aided design
1026:
1002:
784:
630:oil and gas platforms
613:
590:
560:Kansas City, Missouri
557:
495:, or by providers of
464:
440:
375:Building construction
303:offshore construction
275:
81:
6997:Air traffic obstacle
6412:United Arab Emirates
5591:Construction bidding
5271:Lighting Association
5243:The Concrete Society
5119:Construction foreman
4784:"What is the Ladder"
3998:tapchicongsan.org.vn
3873:World Bank Open Data
2883:Architectural Record
2624:Brighton Waste House
2381:compulsory education
2317:Skilled tradespeople
2303:construction workers
2288:EU treaty principles
2236:environmental impact
2220:construction manager
2168:A truck operator at
2034:United Arab Emirates
1217:On-site construction
1175:engineering drawings
1160:building engineering
1144:structural engineers
1140:electrical engineers
1136:mechanical engineers
1106:construction manager
955:improve this section
695:construction manager
534:versus stone versus
501:housing associations
403:improve this article
311:manufacturing plants
113:. It comes from the
62:For other uses, see
6614:former Soviet Union
5941:Indian subcontinent
5722:Unfinished building
5495:Coastal engineering
5124:Construction worker
5067:Structural engineer
4958:Tunnel construction
3894:"Chuyển nhà Hà Nội"
3605:, Armenia Liberty (
3136:Mason, Jim (2016).
3049:on 16 February 2007
2922:, September 1, 2014
2894:Chitkara, pp. 9–10.
2767:Engineering Council
2551:The Paris Agreement
2456:Structural engineer
2260:construction delays
1438:
1350:developed countries
1005:Ontario Highway 401
1003:Construction along
827:planning permission
800:policies including
565:Depending upon the
493:general contractors
489:property developers
29:Page version status
5614:Construction waste
5596:Construction delay
5027:Building officials
5022:Building estimator
4491:on 26 January 2022
4453:NIOSH Science blog
3555:on 6 November 2020
3178:10.3311/ppci.13402
2903:Halpin, pp. 15–16.
2763:Chartered Engineer
2665:Impervious surface
2636:Agile construction
2489:
2426:bachelor's degrees
2256:building materials
2177:
2162:
1436:
1345:
1231:
1036:
1009:
905:building estimator
881:quantity surveyors
794:
773:Architectural plan
623:
596:
563:
544:economies of scale
471:
467:Brighton, Victoria
443:
369:project management
285:
129:"to pile up") and
88:
35:
7065:
7064:
7022:Early skyscrapers
6978:
6977:
6910:400 to 500 metres
6905:300 to 400 metres
6571:
6570:
6553:Early skyscrapers
6488:Designed by women
5851:
5850:
5762:
5761:
5605:Construction loan
5574:Building material
5490:Civil engineering
5114:Concrete finisher
5057:Quantity surveyor
5017:Building engineer
4943:Home construction
4871:Library resources
4127:. 24 October 2019
3008:978-0-08-097112-4
2955:US Census Bureau,
2809:accessed 3/6/2014
2648:Civil engineering
2642:Building material
2585:built environment
2462:Quantity surveyor
2373:further education
2276:Storebaelt bridge
2139:
2138:
1331:Economic activity
1110:trade contractors
1108:, and individual
991:
990:
983:
798:land-use planning
600:built environment
583:Civil engineering
528:codes of practice
483:), by specialist
475:Home construction
435:
434:
427:
171:, dismantling or
47:25 September 2024
16:(Redirected from
7085:
6584:
6493:Eastern Orthodox
5921:
5878:
5871:
5864:
5855:
5789:
5782:
5775:
5766:
5754:
5753:
5746:
5745:
5629:Design–bid–build
5397:Construction law
4922:
4915:
4908:
4899:
4863:
4862:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4794:
4788:
4787:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4766:
4755:
4754:
4748:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4648:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4544:
4537:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4490:
4479:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4391:
4385:
4378:
4372:
4356:
4350:
4337:
4331:
4323:Macfarlane, R.,
4321:
4315:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4180:
4174:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4017:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3743:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3616:
3610:
3600:
3594:
3584:
3578:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3551:. Archived from
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3415:. 8 October 2018
3405:
3399:
3398:
3392:
3390:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3351:
3345:
3338:
3332:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3180:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3133:
3127:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3045:. Archived from
3033:
3027:
3026:
3020:
3012:
2994:
2988:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2886:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2849:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2819:
2810:
2802:"Construction".
2800:
2794:
2787:
2770:
2759:
2737:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2676:Land degradation
2521:nitrogen dioxide
2450:higher education
2397:graduate degrees
2393:higher education
2267:social exclusion
2238:of the project,
2134:
2125:
2124:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2098:
2097:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2071:
2070:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2044:
2043:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2017:
2016:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1990:
1989:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1963:
1962:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1936:
1935:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1909:
1908:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1882:
1881:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1855:
1854:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1828:
1827:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1801:
1800:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1774:
1773:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1747:
1746:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1720:
1719:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1693:
1692:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1666:
1665:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1639:
1638:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1612:
1611:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1584:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1558:
1557:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1504:
1503:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1477:
1476:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1439:
1384:national economy
1320:circular economy
1211:modular building
1050:Design–bid–build
995:Construction law
986:
979:
975:
972:
966:
935:
927:
864:mortgage bankers
842:malum prohibitum
742:design–bid–build
699:project delivery
618:'s new plant in
567:type of building
526:regulations and
511:policies allow,
430:
423:
419:
416:
410:
387:
379:
278:thermal oxidizer
218:grew during the
86:, Germany (2017)
21:
7093:
7092:
7088:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7083:
7082:
7068:
7067:
7066:
7061:
6984:
6974:
6970:Twin structures
6893:
6630:
6579:
6567:
6446:
6287:North Macedonia
6004:
5988:Central America
5910:
5887:
5882:
5852:
5847:
5799:
5793:
5763:
5758:
5736:
5644:Interior design
5639:Heavy equipment
5562:
5526:
5468:
5411:
5380:
5334:
5173:
5082:
5076:
5052:Project manager
5042:Civil estimator
5000:
4964:
4931:
4926:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4867:
4866:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4835:
4834:
4830:
4821:
4819:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4796:
4795:
4791:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4768:
4767:
4758:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4703:
4702:
4698:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4671:
4669:
4667:archive.epa.gov
4661:
4660:
4656:
4646:
4644:
4635:
4634:
4630:
4621:
4619:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4596:
4594:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4516:
4514:
4509:
4508:
4504:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4477:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4458:
4456:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4431:
4429:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4405:
4403:
4402:on 4 March 2012
4393:
4392:
4388:
4379:
4375:
4357:
4353:
4338:
4334:
4322:
4318:
4309:
4305:
4295:
4293:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4269:
4267:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4243:
4241:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4217:
4215:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4192:
4190:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4168:
4164:
4155:
4153:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4130:
4128:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4074:
4072:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4030:
4028:
4019:
4018:
4011:
4002:
4000:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3978:
3976:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3954:
3952:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3929:
3927:
3926:(in Vietnamese)
3917:
3916:
3912:
3903:
3901:
3900:(in Vietnamese)
3891:
3890:
3886:
3877:
3875:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3853:
3851:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3829:
3827:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3805:
3803:
3802:(in Vietnamese)
3794:
3793:
3789:
3780:
3778:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3755:
3753:
3745:
3744:
3737:
3728:
3726:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3703:
3701:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3679:
3677:
3676:(in Vietnamese)
3668:
3667:
3663:
3654:
3652:
3651:(in Vietnamese)
3643:
3642:
3638:
3629:
3627:
3626:(in Vietnamese)
3618:
3617:
3613:
3601:
3597:
3585:
3581:
3572:
3568:
3558:
3556:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3524:. 25 March 2019
3516:
3515:
3511:
3501:
3499:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3476:
3474:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3388:
3386:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3363:
3361:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3339:
3335:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3286:
3284:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3236:
3234:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3213:www.nctimes.com
3207:
3206:
3202:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3077:
3075:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3013:
3009:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2978:
2974:
2966:
2962:
2954:
2950:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2841:
2831:
2829:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2801:
2797:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2761:In the UK, the
2760:
2751:
2746:
2731:
2721:
2632:
2547:
2535:
2529:
2481:
2475:
2446:Project manager
2422:master's degree
2389:
2333:apprenticeships
2325:
2319:
2311:
2224:design engineer
2216:project manager
2195:, 508,000 were
2144:
2132:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2108:
2106:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2081:
2079:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2054:
2052:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2027:
2025:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2000:
1998:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1973:
1971:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1946:
1944:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1919:
1917:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1892:
1890:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1865:
1863:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1838:
1836:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1811:
1809:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1784:
1782:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1757:
1755:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1730:
1728:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1703:
1701:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1676:
1674:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1649:
1647:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1622:
1620:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1595:
1593:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1568:
1566:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1541:
1539:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1514:
1512:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1487:
1485:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1460:
1458:
1451:
1434:
1393:Vietnamese dong
1333:
1328:
1310:contrasts with
1296:
1290:
1278:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1248:
1219:
1132:civil engineers
1123:
1102:
1096:
1079:
1073:
1052:
1046:
1041:
997:
987:
976:
970:
967:
952:
936:
925:
903:performed by a
860:
852:fire protection
779:
771:Main articles:
769:
678:
608:
585:
579:
552:
503:). Where local
477:
459:
431:
420:
414:
411:
400:
388:
377:
337:hazardous waste
270:
208:
202:
196:
173:decommissioning
125:"together" and
74:
67:
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7091:
7089:
7081:
7080:
7070:
7069:
7063:
7062:
7060:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6988:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6976:
6975:
6973:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6901:
6899:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6879:United Kingdom
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6694:Czech Republic
6691:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6640:
6638:
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6627:
6626:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6596:
6590:
6588:
6581:
6573:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6538:Twin buildings
6535:
6530:
6525:
6523:Most expensive
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6454:
6452:
6448:
6447:
6445:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6417:United Kingdom
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6117:Czech Republic
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6014:
6012:
6006:
6005:
6003:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5977:
5972:
5971:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5943:
5933:
5927:
5925:
5918:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5873:
5866:
5858:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5838:United Kingdom
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5804:
5801:
5800:
5794:
5792:
5791:
5784:
5777:
5769:
5760:
5759:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5734:
5732:Urban planning
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5690:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5657:
5656:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5534:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5487:
5482:
5476:
5474:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5421:
5419:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5371:United Kingdom
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5321:
5315:
5309:
5303:
5297:
5291:
5285:
5279:
5273:
5268:
5262:
5257:
5251:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5228:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5206:
5200:
5194:
5188:
5181:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5090:
5088:
5081:Trades workers
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5072:Superintendent
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5047:Clerk of works
5044:
5039:
5037:Civil engineer
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5008:
5006:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4902:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4843:
4828:
4803:
4789:
4775:
4756:
4735:
4717:
4696:
4691:United Nations
4678:
4654:
4628:
4603:
4578:
4555:
4524:
4502:
4466:
4439:
4413:
4386:
4373:
4368:TheyWorkForYou
4359:Dawn Primarolo
4351:
4332:
4316:
4303:
4277:
4251:
4225:
4199:
4175:
4162:
4138:
4112:
4097:
4082:
4056:
4038:
4009:
3985:
3961:
3936:
3910:
3884:
3860:
3849:www.mof.gov.vn
3836:
3812:
3787:
3775:baochinhphu.vn
3762:
3735:
3710:
3686:
3661:
3636:
3611:
3595:
3579:
3577:, ACE, London.
3566:
3535:
3509:
3484:
3459:
3446:
3426:
3400:
3371:
3346:
3333:
3320:
3313:
3293:
3267:
3244:
3218:
3200:
3155:
3148:
3128:
3120:Willmott Dixon
3112:
3105:
3085:
3060:
3028:
3007:
2989:
2972:
2960:
2948:
2945:, May 26, 2014
2925:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2870:
2839:
2811:
2795:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2719:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2668:
2662:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2631:
2628:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2546:
2543:
2531:Main article:
2528:
2527:Sustainability
2525:
2493:European Union
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2459:
2453:
2443:
2433:
2414:Civil engineer
2411:
2388:
2385:
2335:(sometimes in
2318:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2118:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2091:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2064:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2037:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2010:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1983:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1956:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1929:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1902:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1848:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1821:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1794:
1777:
1776:
1769:
1767:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1740:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1713:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1686:
1669:
1668:
1661:
1659:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1605:
1602:United Kingdom
1588:
1587:
1580:
1578:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1551:
1534:
1533:
1526:
1524:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1497:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1470:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1443:
1433:
1430:
1414:
1413:
1405:
1397:
1396:
1376:
1369:
1362:private sector
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1312:deconstruction
1292:Main article:
1289:
1286:
1274:Main article:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1250:Main article:
1247:
1244:
1218:
1215:
1207:prefabrication
1195:visualisations
1185:; adoption of
1179:specifications
1122:
1119:
1098:Main article:
1095:
1092:
1075:Main article:
1072:
1069:
1048:Main article:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
993:Main article:
989:
988:
939:
937:
930:
924:
921:
872:cost engineers
859:
856:
768:
765:
719:subcontractors
677:
674:
658:power stations
607:
604:
581:Main article:
578:
575:
551:
548:
473:Main article:
458:
455:
433:
432:
391:
389:
382:
376:
373:
350:and the newer
315:
314:
299:
292:
269:
266:
198:Main article:
195:
192:
153:infrastructure
58:
56:
36:
30:
27:
25:
24:
23:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7090:
7079:
7076:
7075:
7073:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7032:Groundscraper
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6981:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6945:Ferris wheels
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6896:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6884:United States
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6637:
6633:
6625:
6624:South America
6622:
6621:
6620:The Americas
6619:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6610:
6607:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6591:
6589:
6585:
6582:
6580:(of any type)
6578:
6574:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6449:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6422:United States
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6011:
6007:
5999:
5998:South America
5996:
5994:
5993:Latin America
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5983:North America
5981:
5980:
5979:The Americas
5978:
5976:
5973:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5963:Baltic states
5961:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5890:
5886:
5879:
5874:
5872:
5867:
5865:
5860:
5859:
5856:
5844:
5843:United States
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5828:Hong Kong SAR
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5802:
5797:
5790:
5785:
5783:
5778:
5776:
5771:
5770:
5767:
5757:
5749:
5739:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5682:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5666:Megastructure
5664:
5662:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5471:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5414:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5392:Building code
5390:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5377:
5376:United States
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5307:
5304:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5292:
5289:
5286:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:Organizations
5176:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5079:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5003:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4923:
4918:
4916:
4911:
4909:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4847:
4844:
4839:
4832:
4829:
4818:on 2023-05-24
4817:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4799:
4793:
4790:
4785:
4779:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4752:
4745:
4739:
4736:
4731:
4727:
4721:
4718:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4700:
4697:
4692:
4688:
4682:
4679:
4668:
4664:
4658:
4655:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4629:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4604:
4592:
4588:
4582:
4579:
4566:
4559:
4556:
4545:on 2016-05-08
4541:
4534:
4528:
4525:
4512:
4506:
4503:
4487:
4483:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4454:
4450:
4443:
4440:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4414:
4401:
4397:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4360:
4355:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4346:Bevan Brittan
4342:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4313:
4307:
4304:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4278:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4252:
4239:
4235:
4229:
4226:
4213:
4209:
4203:
4200:
4189:
4185:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4152:
4151:The Economist
4148:
4142:
4139:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4108:
4101:
4098:
4093:
4086:
4083:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4042:
4039:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4014:
4010:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3937:
3925:
3921:
3914:
3911:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3885:
3874:
3870:
3864:
3861:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3813:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3539:
3536:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3485:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3449:
3447:9780074620625
3443:
3439:
3438:
3430:
3427:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3360:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3314:9783319227627
3310:
3306:
3305:
3297:
3294:
3283:on 2006-10-19
3282:
3278:
3271:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3245:
3232:
3228:
3222:
3219:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3159:
3156:
3151:
3149:9781317391777
3145:
3142:. Routledge.
3141:
3140:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3113:
3108:
3106:9781119151913
3102:
3098:
3097:
3089:
3086:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3010:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2979:Proctor, J.,
2976:
2973:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2935:
2934:"The Top 400"
2929:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2914:"The Top 250"
2909:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2776:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2575:In 2021, the
2573:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2485:
2480:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2316:
2314:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2212:collaboration
2208:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2181:manual labour
2175:
2171:
2166:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2021:
2011:
2009:
2008:
1994:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1940:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1859:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1697:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1535:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1494:United States
1481:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1454:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1426:United States
1423:
1419:
1416:According to
1410:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1366:public sector
1363:
1359:
1358:Census Bureau
1355:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1342:
1337:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1277:
1269:
1267:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1228:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:architectural
1168:
1163:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1006:
1001:
996:
985:
982:
974:
964:
960:
956:
950:
949:
945:
940:This section
938:
934:
929:
928:
922:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:cost estimate
897:
895:
890:
884:
882:
878:
873:
869:
865:
857:
855:
853:
847:
844:
843:
838:
837:
831:
828:
824:
820:
816:
815:site analysis
811:
807:
806:building code
803:
799:
792:
788:
783:
778:
774:
766:
764:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
726:
724:
720:
717:, comprising
716:
712:
708:
705:, agree on a
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
675:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
621:
617:
612:
605:
603:
601:
593:
589:
584:
576:
574:
572:
568:
561:
556:
549:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
485:housebuilders
482:
476:
468:
463:
456:
454:
452:
448:
447:real property
439:
429:
426:
418:
408:
404:
398:
397:
392:This section
390:
386:
381:
380:
374:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:
312:
308:
304:
300:
297:
293:
290:
289:
288:
283:
282:United States
279:
274:
267:
265:
263:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
207:
201:
193:
191:
187:
185:
181:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
145:
143:
139:
135:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
111:organizations
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
85:
80:
76:
72:
65:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
7078:Construction
7047:Oil platform
7017:Construction
7016:
6950:Freestanding
6874:Turkmenistan
6839:South Africa
6824:Saudi Arabia
6362:South Africa
6337:Saudi Arabia
5795:
5727:Urban design
5712:Stonemasonry
5624:Design–build
5567:Other topics
5558:Slip forming
5417:Architecture
5062:Site manager
4981:Construction
4976:Architecture
4929:Construction
4928:
4876:Construction
4875:
4858:The Guardian
4856:
4846:
4831:
4820:. Retrieved
4816:the original
4806:
4792:
4778:
4738:
4720:
4709:
4699:
4681:
4670:. Retrieved
4666:
4657:
4645:. Retrieved
4643:. 6 Sep 2023
4640:
4631:
4620:. Retrieved
4618:. 2017-12-01
4615:
4606:
4595:. Retrieved
4593:. 2018-04-05
4590:
4581:
4569:. Retrieved
4558:
4547:. Retrieved
4540:the original
4527:
4515:. Retrieved
4505:
4493:. Retrieved
4486:the original
4481:
4469:
4457:. Retrieved
4452:
4442:
4430:. Retrieved
4425:
4416:
4404:. Retrieved
4400:the original
4389:
4376:
4366:
4354:
4344:
4335:
4328:
4319:
4306:
4294:. Retrieved
4289:
4280:
4268:. Retrieved
4263:
4254:
4242:. Retrieved
4237:
4228:
4216:. Retrieved
4211:
4202:
4191:. Retrieved
4187:
4178:
4165:
4154:. Retrieved
4150:
4141:
4129:. Retrieved
4124:
4115:
4106:
4100:
4091:
4085:
4073:. Retrieved
4068:
4059:
4050:
4041:
4029:. Retrieved
4024:
4001:. Retrieved
3997:
3988:
3977:. Retrieved
3973:
3964:
3953:. Retrieved
3951:. 2024-01-15
3948:
3939:
3928:. Retrieved
3923:
3913:
3902:. Retrieved
3897:
3887:
3876:. Retrieved
3872:
3863:
3852:. Retrieved
3848:
3839:
3828:. Retrieved
3824:
3815:
3804:. Retrieved
3799:
3790:
3779:. Retrieved
3774:
3765:
3754:. Retrieved
3750:
3727:. Retrieved
3725:. 2023-04-12
3722:
3713:
3702:. Retrieved
3698:
3689:
3678:. Retrieved
3673:
3664:
3653:. Retrieved
3648:
3639:
3628:. Retrieved
3623:
3614:
3598:
3582:
3569:
3557:. Retrieved
3553:the original
3548:
3538:
3526:. Retrieved
3521:
3512:
3500:. Retrieved
3496:
3487:
3475:. Retrieved
3471:
3462:
3451:, retrieved
3436:
3429:
3417:. Retrieved
3412:
3403:
3394:
3387:. Retrieved
3383:
3374:
3362:. Retrieved
3358:
3349:
3336:
3323:
3307:. Springer.
3303:
3296:
3285:. Retrieved
3281:the original
3270:
3253:
3247:
3237:16 September
3235:. Retrieved
3230:
3221:
3212:
3203:
3168:
3158:
3138:
3131:
3115:
3095:
3088:
3076:. Retrieved
3063:
3051:. Retrieved
3047:the original
3040:
3031:
2998:
2992:
2984:
2975:
2963:
2951:
2940:
2928:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2890:
2882:
2873:
2861:. Retrieved
2856:
2830:. Retrieved
2826:
2803:
2798:
2790:
2785:
2720:
2613:
2580:
2574:
2559:
2548:
2536:
2505:hearing loss
2502:
2490:
2408:architecture
2390:
2353:electricians
2337:labor unions
2329:tradespeople
2326:
2312:
2296:
2291:
2264:
2209:
2201:white-collar
2197:electricians
2186:
2178:
2131:
2105:
2078:
2051:
2024:
1997:
1970:
1943:
1926:Saudi Arabia
1916:
1889:
1862:
1835:
1808:
1781:
1754:
1727:
1700:
1673:
1646:
1619:
1592:
1565:
1538:
1511:
1484:
1457:
1422:productivity
1415:
1398:
1388:Asia-Pacific
1346:
1297:
1279:
1264:
1255:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1199:
1164:
1156:
1124:
1103:
1080:
1077:Design-build
1071:Design-build
1053:
1018:
1010:
977:
971:October 2006
968:
953:Please help
941:
898:
885:
861:
848:
840:
834:
832:
819:site surveys
810:municipality
795:
762:
746:design-build
731:
727:
715:supply chain
679:
654:distilleries
624:
597:
564:
520:technologies
517:
478:
444:
421:
412:
401:Please help
396:verification
393:
361:architecture
345:
340:
324:
318:
316:
286:
260:
209:
188:
177:
146:
134:construction
133:
126:
122:
118:
91:Construction
90:
89:
75:
46:
37:This is the
31:
7057:Tower block
6955:Lighthouses
6859:Switzerland
6804:Philippines
6794:New Zealand
6789:Netherlands
6644:Afghanistan
6528:Residential
6503:Educational
6458:100+ floors
6382:Switzerland
6367:South Korea
6312:Philippines
6282:North Korea
6272:Netherlands
5968:Scandinavia
5671:Plasterwork
5661:Megaproject
5473:Engineering
5402:Site safety
5164:Steel fixer
5129:Electrician
5099:Boilermaker
5005:Professions
4616:www.cdc.gov
4591:www.cdc.gov
4339:Heard, E.,
3949:VietnamPlus
3898:kienvang.vn
2616:Netherlands
2570:engineering
2566:governments
2497:scaffolding
2428:may become
2361:ironworkers
2151:Ironworkers
2007:Switzerland
1953:Netherlands
1764:South Korea
1318:– see also
1152:consultants
1150:, planning
1114:procurement
1039:Procurement
1033:South Korea
868:accountants
836:malum in se
682:renovations
662:steel mills
571:contractors
524:authority's
469:, Australia
415:August 2017
357:engineering
240:Middle Ages
228:bricklayers
119:constructio
101:of forming
6889:Uzbekistan
6779:Luxembourg
6636:By country
6577:Structures
6463:Architects
6202:Kazakhstan
6048:Bangladesh
6043:Azerbaijan
6010:By country
5901:Skyscraper
5798:by country
5688:Parge coat
5619:Demolition
5385:Regulation
5339:By country
5144:Millwright
5139:Ironworker
5104:Bricklayer
4822:2023-05-24
4672:2018-12-11
4622:2018-04-07
4597:2018-04-07
4571:21 January
4549:2014-04-08
4193:2018-06-09
4156:2017-08-21
4003:2024-02-01
3979:2024-02-01
3974:mof.gov.vn
3955:2024-02-01
3930:2024-02-01
3904:2024-02-01
3878:2024-02-01
3854:2024-02-01
3830:2024-02-01
3806:2024-02-01
3781:2024-02-01
3756:2024-02-01
3729:2024-02-01
3704:2024-02-01
3680:2024-02-01
3655:2024-02-01
3630:2024-02-01
3287:2008-01-04
2877:Knecht B.
2832:28 October
2777:References
2477:See also:
2377:vocational
2349:carpenters
2345:profession
2321:See also:
2240:scheduling
2193:carpenters
2142:Employment
1420:research,
1308:Demolition
1304:structures
1294:Demolition
1288:Demolition
1205:(see also
1128:architects
1084:consortium
911:(PPPs) or
877:estimators
754:partnering
691:contractor
666:warehouses
646:refineries
634:wind power
592:Shasta Dam
481:self-built
307:refineries
256:bulldozers
252:excavators
232:carpenters
220:Bronze Age
210:The first
204:See also:
169:demolition
131:Old French
6940:Flagpoles
6849:Sri Lanka
6749:Indonesia
6659:Australia
6602:West Asia
6587:By region
6558:Supertall
6513:Hospitals
6432:Venezuela
6347:Singapore
6232:Lithuania
6172:Indonesia
6092:Hong Kong
6033:Australia
6028:Argentina
5946:Southeast
5924:By region
5916:Buildings
5693:Roughcast
5149:Plasterer
5109:Carpenter
5012:Architect
4125:GMB Union
3649:toquoc.vn
3522:PBC Today
3384:EFNMS.org
3262:0015-8259
3195:116421818
3187:1587-3773
3017:cite book
2589:engineers
2404:Architect
2244:budgeting
2232:architect
1737:Indonesia
1710:Australia
1316:recycling
1300:buildings
1282:machinery
1056:architect
942:does not
889:Cash flow
791:Indonesia
723:Contracts
670:factories
650:breweries
642:quarrying
620:Dire Dawa
365:surveying
329:petroleum
224:craftsmen
161:financing
149:buildings
7072:Category
6925:Chimneys
6834:Slovakia
6814:Portugal
6679:Bulgaria
6563:Megatall
6483:Churches
6442:Zimbabwe
6397:Thailand
6392:Tanzania
6357:Slovakia
6352:Slovenia
6322:Portugal
6302:Pakistan
6257:Mongolia
6237:Malaysia
6102:Colombia
6073:Cambodia
6068:Bulgaria
5756:Category
5681:Proofing
5584:Millwork
5215:Build UK
5094:Banksman
4517:6 August
4495:19 April
4432:3 August
4426:eurostat
4296:22 April
4270:22 April
4244:22 April
4218:22 April
4131:30 April
4075:30 April
4031:30 April
3825:Statista
3559:29 April
3528:30 April
3477:30 April
3472:Potensis
3419:29 April
3396:actions.
3389:5 August
3364:5 August
3053:8 August
2985:Bidwells
2630:See also
2620:ABN AMRO
2562:net zero
2357:plumbers
2327:Skilled
2284:contract
2188:Laborers
2174:Djibouti
2170:Al Gamil
1442:Economy
1418:McKinsey
1225:On-site
1167:sketches
1060:engineer
917:McKinsey
767:Planning
738:business
711:schedule
687:designer
616:Ethiopia
509:planning
157:planning
43:reviewed
6983:Related
6960:Statues
6930:Crosses
6920:Bridges
6864:Tunisia
6819:Romania
6784:Myanmar
6759:Ireland
6739:Iceland
6734:Hungary
6724:Germany
6714:Finland
6709:Estonia
6699:Denmark
6674:Belgium
6669:Bahrain
6664:Austria
6654:Algeria
6649:Albania
6498:Mosques
6437:Vietnam
6427:Uruguay
6407:Ukraine
6327:Romania
6277:Nigeria
6267:Myanmar
6262:Morocco
6227:Lebanon
6182:Ireland
6162:Iceland
6152:Germany
6147:Georgia
6137:Finland
6132:Estonia
6127:Ecuador
6122:Denmark
6107:Croatia
6053:Bolivia
6038:Austria
6023:Algeria
6018:Albania
5975:Oceania
5958:Balkans
5896:History
5833:Romania
5748:Outline
5698:Harling
5531:Methods
5442:British
5361:Romania
5284:(NAWIC)
5233:(CIPHE)
5227:(CICES)
5154:Plumber
5134:Glazier
4969:History
4459:1 March
4406:4 March
4240:. CCOHS
3453:May 16,
3359:DLA.mil
3254:Fortune
2863:1 March
2827:GCP DBA
2715:Umarell
2299:careers
2248:bidding
2088:Austria
1575:Germany
1380:Vietnam
1373:Armenia
1240:started
1183:drafted
963:removed
948:sources
858:Finance
787:Jakarta
734:Clients
333:telecom
280:in the
226:, like
194:History
127:struere
107:systems
103:objects
99:science
84:Cologne
6985:topics
6965:Towers
6869:Turkey
6854:Sweden
6829:Serbia
6809:Poland
6799:Norway
6774:Kosovo
6729:Greece
6719:France
6684:Canada
6609:Europe
6594:Africa
6518:Hotels
6508:Future
6402:Turkey
6387:Taiwan
6377:Sweden
6342:Serbia
6332:Russia
6317:Poland
6297:Panama
6292:Norway
6252:Monaco
6247:Mexico
6222:Latvia
6217:Kuwait
6212:Kosovo
6187:Israel
6157:Greece
6142:France
6112:Cyprus
6078:Canada
6063:Brazil
5953:Europe
5931:Africa
5906:Storey
5808:Canada
5407:Zoning
5366:Turkey
5320:(RICS)
5308:(NTCA)
5296:(NKBA)
5290:(NFPA)
5278:(NAHB)
5250:(CMAA)
5239:(CECA)
5211:(APHC)
5199:(ATAC)
5193:(ASCE)
5169:Welder
5159:Roofer
4873:about
4711:Forbes
4647:15 Sep
4027:. 2019
3607:RFE/RL
3444:
3311:
3260:
3193:
3185:
3146:
3103:
3078:15 May
3005:
2473:Safety
2369:masons
2159:Boston
2112:
2085:
2061:Sweden
2058:
2031:
2004:
1980:Poland
1977:
1950:
1923:
1899:Turkey
1896:
1869:
1842:
1818:Mexico
1815:
1791:Brazil
1788:
1761:
1734:
1707:
1683:Russia
1680:
1656:Canada
1653:
1629:France
1626:
1599:
1572:
1545:
1518:
1491:
1464:
1177:, and
1121:Design
1064:tender
870:, and
802:zoning
707:budget
638:mining
540:houses
536:timber
505:zoning
248:cranes
244:guilds
236:slaves
216:cities
165:design
163:, and
121:(from
7027:Fires
6898:Lists
6844:Spain
6769:Japan
6764:Italy
6744:India
6704:Egypt
6689:China
6598:Asia
6451:Lists
6372:Spain
6242:Malta
6207:Kenya
6197:Japan
6192:Italy
6167:India
6096:Macau
6088:China
6083:Chile
5823:Japan
5813:India
5425:Style
5356:Japan
5346:India
5326:(SBF)
5314:(RTA)
5302:(NRC)
5267:(HBF)
5260:FIDIC
5256:(CSI)
5205:(AGC)
5187:(AIC)
4936:Types
4747:(PDF)
4543:(PDF)
4536:(PDF)
4489:(PDF)
4478:(PDF)
4214:. HSE
3502:3 May
3233:. pwc
3191:S2CID
2937:(PDF)
2744:Notes
2341:craft
2115:Qatar
2104:(25)
2077:(24)
2050:(23)
2023:(22)
1996:(21)
1969:(20)
1942:(19)
1915:(18)
1888:(17)
1872:Italy
1861:(16)
1845:Spain
1834:(15)
1807:(14)
1780:(13)
1753:(12)
1745:109.7
1726:(11)
1718:111.8
1699:(10)
1691:121.2
1672:(09)
1664:125.4
1645:(08)
1637:138.7
1618:(07)
1610:154.7
1591:(06)
1583:180.5
1564:(05)
1556:201.2
1548:India
1537:(04)
1529:275.5
1521:Japan
1510:(03)
1502:839.1
1483:(02)
1475:934.2
1467:China
1456:(01)
1029:Daegu
923:Legal
894:Fraud
703:brief
532:brick
491:, by
487:, by
117:word
115:Latin
109:, or
6935:Dams
6754:Iran
6548:Wood
6307:Peru
6177:Iran
5936:Asia
5818:Iran
5676:Damp
5634:DfMA
5538:List
5430:List
5351:Iran
5085:List
4649:2023
4573:2015
4519:2012
4497:2022
4461:2021
4434:2012
4408:2012
4298:2022
4272:2022
4246:2022
4220:2022
4133:2020
4077:2020
4033:2020
3561:2020
3530:2020
3504:2020
3497:ICED
3479:2020
3455:2015
3442:ISBN
3421:2020
3391:2016
3366:2016
3309:ISBN
3258:ISSN
3239:2015
3183:ISSN
3144:ISBN
3101:ISBN
3080:2017
3055:2007
3042:ASCE
3023:link
3003:ISBN
2865:2021
2834:2021
2367:and
2246:and
2123:27.0
2096:27.2
2069:33.3
2042:34.5
2015:36.3
1988:39.4
1961:39.5
1934:40.2
1907:55.3
1880:78.9
1853:80.0
1826:89.0
1799:92.6
1772:93.0
1407:The
1341:ALMA
1209:and
1173:and
946:any
944:cite
879:and
821:and
804:and
775:and
758:DfMA
709:and
693:, a
689:, a
668:and
640:and
346:The
254:and
230:and
212:huts
142:noun
138:verb
123:com-
97:and
4482:HSE
3231:pwc
3173:doi
2418:ICE
2343:or
2230:or
2157:in
1448:USD
1378:In
1371:In
1322:).
957:by
636:),
507:or
405:by
371:).
341:ENR
325:ENR
184:GDP
180:GDP
95:art
45:on
7074::
6094:,
4855:.
4759:^
4749:.
4728:.
4708:.
4689:.
4665:.
4639:.
4614:.
4589:.
4480:.
4451:.
4424:.
4365:,
4361:,
4343:,
4327:,
4288:.
4262:.
4236:.
4210:.
4186:.
4149:.
4123:.
4067:.
4049:.
4023:.
4012:^
3996:.
3972:.
3947:.
3922:.
3896:.
3871:.
3847:.
3823:.
3798:.
3773:.
3749:.
3738:^
3721:.
3697:.
3672:.
3647:.
3622:.
3547:.
3520:.
3495:.
3470:.
3411:.
3393:.
3382:.
3357:.
3229:.
3211:.
3189:.
3181:.
3171:.
3167:.
3122:,
3071:.
3039:.
3019:}}
3015:{{
2983:,
2939:,
2916:,
2881:.
2855:.
2842:^
2825:.
2814:^
2752:^
2626:.
2523:.
2363:,
2359:,
2355:,
2351:,
2262:.
2250:,
2242:,
2226:,
2222:,
1306:.
1169:,
1146:,
1142:,
1138:,
1134:,
1130:,
1058:,
1031:,
866:,
817:,
789:,
672:.
664:,
660:,
652:,
648:,
644:,
632:,
573:.
367:,
363:,
359:,
335:,
258:.
250:,
175:.
159:,
151:,
105:,
41:,
6098:)
6090:(
5877:e
5870:t
5863:v
5788:e
5781:t
5774:v
5087:)
5083:(
4921:e
4914:t
4907:v
4861:.
4825:.
4753:.
4732:.
4714:.
4693:.
4675:.
4651:.
4625:.
4600:.
4575:.
4552:.
4521:.
4499:.
4463:.
4436:.
4410:.
4300:.
4274:.
4248:.
4222:.
4196:.
4159:.
4135:.
4079:.
4035:.
4006:.
3982:.
3958:.
3933:.
3907:.
3881:.
3857:.
3833:.
3809:.
3784:.
3759:.
3732:.
3707:.
3683:.
3658:.
3633:.
3563:.
3532:.
3506:.
3481:.
3423:.
3368:.
3317:.
3290:.
3264:.
3241:.
3215:.
3197:.
3175::
3152:.
3109:.
3082:.
3057:.
3025:)
3011:.
2885:.
2867:.
2836:.
2468:.
2432:.
1450:)
1229:.
984:)
978:(
973:)
969:(
965:.
951:.
428:)
422:(
417:)
413:(
399:.
323:(
313:.
73:.
66:.
49:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.