634:(polyethylene terephthalate and high-density polyethylene, respectively) were accepted to be recycled. The list of acceptable plastic items has grown since then, and in some areas municipal recycling programs can collect and successfully recycle most plastic products regardless of their RIC. This has led some communities to instruct residents to refer to the form of packaging (i.e. "bottles", "tubs", "lids", etc.) when determining what to include in a curbside recycling bin, rather than instructing them to rely on the RIC. To further alleviate consumer confusion, the
167:
has been adopted by a growing number of communities implementing recycling programs, as a tool to assist in sorting plastics. In order to deal with the concerns of recyclers across the U.S., the RIC system was designed to make it easier for workers in materials recovery and recycling facilities to sort and separate items according to their resin type. Plastics must be recycled separately, with other like materials, in order to preserve the value of the recycled material, and enable its reuse in other products after being recycled.
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took over the administration of the RIC system and eventually issued ASTM D7611—Standard
Practice for Coding Plastic Manufactured Articles for Resin Identification. In 2013 this standard was revised to change the graphic marking symbol of the RIC from the "chasing arrows" of the Recycling Symbol to a
240:, a generic indicator of recyclability. Subsequent revisions to the RIC have replaced the arrows with a solid triangle, in order to address consumer confusion about the meaning of the RIC, and the fact that the presence of a RIC symbol on an item does not necessarily indicate that it is recyclable.
166:
The US Society of the
Plastics Industry (SPI) first introduced the system in 1988 as the "Voluntary Plastic Container Coding System". The SPI stated that one purpose of the original SPI code was to "Provide a consistent national system to facilitate recycling of post-consumer plastics." The system
633:
In the United States, use of the RIC in the coding of plastics has led to ongoing consumer confusion about which plastic products are recyclable. When many plastics recycling programs were first being implemented in communities across the United States, only plastics with RICs "1" and "2"
665:" label in an effort to replace the RIC with a label that aligns more closely with how the public currently uses the RIC. Rather than indicating what type of plastic resin a product is made out of, the four "How2Recycle" labels indicate whether a plastic product is
641:
However, even when it is technically possible to recycle a particular plastic, it is often economically unfeasible to recycle it, and this can mislead consumers into thinking that more plastic is recycled than really is. In the U.S. in 2018, only 8.5% of
251:
Since its introduction, the RIC has often been used as a signifier of recyclability, but the presence of a code on a plastic product does not necessarily indicate that it is recyclable any more than its absence means the plastic object is necessarily
696:
The different resin identification codes can be represented by
Unicode icons ♳ (U+2673), ♴ (U+2674), ♵ (U+2675), ♶ (U+2676), ♷ (U+2677), ♸ (U+2678), and ♹ (U+2679). ♺ (U+267A) is the portion of the symbol without the number or abbreviation.
1037:
1927:
965:
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Desk accessories, cafeteria trays, plastic utensils, coffee cup lids, toys, video cassettes and cases, clamshell containers, packaging peanuts, and insulation board and other
1651:
158:, RIC symbols are often mistaken for the former. Subsequent revisions to the RIC have replaced the arrows with a solid triangle, but the old symbols are still in common use.
328:
Polyester fibres (Polar Fleece), thermoformed sheet, strapping, soft drink bottles, tote bags, furniture, carpet, paneling and (occasionally) new containers. (See also:
42:
638:
launched the "Recycling Terms & Tools" program to promote standardized language that can be used to educate consumers about how to recycle plastic products.
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LDPE is not often recycled through curbside programs and is a significant source of plastic pollution. LDPE can often be returned to many stores for recycling.
669:
Widely
Recycled (meaning greater than 60 percent of the U.S. can recycle the item through a curbside recycling program or municipal drop-off location).
675:
Not Yet
Recycled (meaning less than 20 percent of the U.S. can recycle the item through a curbside recycling program or municipal drop-off location).
953:
682:
The "How2Recycle" labels also encourage consumers to check with local facilities to see what plastics each municipal recycling facility can accept.
422:
Too long life for significant recycling volumes although there was 740,000 tonnes recycled in 2018 through EU Vinyl 2010 and VinylPlus initiatives.
1644:
1012:
612:
Number 7 plastics are not typically recycled as they were mostly specialty produced in limited volumes at the time the codes were established.
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Polystyrene is often not recycled through curbside programs as it is too lightweight to be economical to recycle, usually incinerated instead.
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In its original form, the symbols used as part of the RIC consisted of arrows that cycle clockwise to form a triangle that encloses a number.
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Limited (meaning only 20–60 percent of the U.S. can recycle the item through a curbside recycling program or municipal drop-off location).
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Store Drop-Off (meaning the item can be recycled if brought to participating store drop-off locations, typically at grocery stores).
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Modifications to the RIC are currently being discussed and developed by ASTM's D20.95 subcommittee on recycled plastics.
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807:"Resin Identification Codes—New ASTM Standard Based on Society of the Plastics Industry Code Will Facilitate Recycling"
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Pipe, window profile, siding, fencing, flooring, shower curtains, lawn chairs, non-food bottles, and children's toys.
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Bottles, grocery bags, milk jugs, recycling bins, agricultural pipe, base cups, car stops, playground equipment, and
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https://newsroom.astm.org/astm-plastics-committee-releases-major-revisions-resin-identification-code-ric-standard
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594:"Reserved for manufactured articles produced from any polymer chemistry not described by any other Code".
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Picked up through most curbside recycling programs, although some allow only those containers with necks.
148:
1998:
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968:. SPI: The Plastics Industry Trade cs/content.cfm?ItemNumber=823&navItemNumber=1125. Archived from
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has symbols used in plastics recycling available in various formats for use in graphics and packaging
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936:"ASTM Plastics Committee Releases Major Revisions to Resin Identification Code (RIC) Standard"
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837:"Standard Practice for Coding Plastic Manufactured Articles for Resin Identification"
755:"Standard Practice for Coding Plastic Manufactured Articles for Resin Identification"
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Standard
Practice for Coding Plastic Manufactured Articles for Resin Identification
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Standard
Practice for Coding Plastic Manufactured Articles for Resin Identification
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When a number is omitted, the arrows arranged in a triangle resemble the universal
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1013:"How Big Oil Misled The Public Into Believing Plastic Would Be Recycled"
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813:. No. September/October 2008. ASTM International. Archived from
143:) in the United States, but since 2008 it has been administered by
225:
135:
out of which the product is made. It was developed in 1988 by the
99:
88:
1219:
1633:
1126:
1086:
1067:. Subcommittee D20.95 on Recycled Plastics. ASTM International
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1016:
25:
511:
Auto parts, industrial fibres, food containers, and dishware
41:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1122:
210:(PP) (auto parts, industrial fibres, food containers, etc.)
782:"EPA looks to toss 'deceptive' plastics recycling symbol"
217:(PS) (plastic utensils, Styrofoam, cafeteria trays, etc.)
50:
178:(PETE) (beverage bottles, cups, other packaging, etc.)
618:
Below are the RIC symbols after ASTM's 2013 revision
121:
966:"SPI Resin Identification Code—Guide to Correct Use"
514:
Picked up through most curbside recycling programs.
115:
and the resin identification code, 5, under its flap
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1065:"Active Standards under the Jurisdiction of D20.95"
471:, tubing, and various molded laboratory equipment
1645:
1138:
888:"What Do Recycling Symbols on Plastics Mean?"
39:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1652:
1638:
1630:
1509:
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1131:
1123:
467:, various containers, dispensing bottles,
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77:Learn how and when to remove this message
19:For broader coverage of this topic, see
739:
220:7: Other (N/A) other plastics, such as
185:(HDPE) (bottles, cups, milk jugs, etc.)
1235:Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE)
16:Symbol to identify the type of plastic
1175:Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX, XLPE)
1170:Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
192:(PVC) (pipes, siding, flooring, etc.)
7:
1987:List of environmental health hazards
1907:List of environmental health hazards
1038:""Plastics: Material-Specific Data""
938:. ASTM International. Archived from
749:
747:
745:
743:
1119:from the American Chemistry Council
127:, is a set of symbols appearing on
1792:Miscellaneous additives incl. PHCs
952:Current location of similar page:
14:
1089:. Sustainable Packaging Coalition
865:. Kuzeyboru Group. Archived from
1324:
1318:
1210:Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
1185:Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
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137:Society of the Plastics Industry
30:
1190:Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)
459:Linear low-density polyethylene
203:, six-pack rings, tubing, etc.)
1553:Category:Plastics applications
1300:Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA)
1295:Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC)
1280:Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
1111:Recycling Symbols for Plastics
661:Coalition has also created a "
1:
1260:Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO)
912:"Progress Report - VinylPlus"
141:Plastics Industry Association
1977:Persistent organic pollutant
1938:Toxic Substances Control Act
1897:Persistent organic pollutant
1180:Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)
984:"Please Recycle These Items"
1970:Great Pacific garbage patch
1892:Great Pacific garbage patch
1305:Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN)
1220:Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
780:Borst, Ellie (2023-05-15).
337:curbside recycling programs
131:products that identify the
53:, discuss the issue on the
2072:
1933:Japan Toxic Substances Law
1728:Miscellaneous plasticizers
863:"Plastic Packaging Resins"
730:—does not soften with heat
689:
636:American Chemistry Council
324:Polyethylene terephthalate
176:polyethylene terephthalate
154:Due to resemblance to the
95:polyethylene terephthalate
18:
2007:
1928:European REACH regulation
1923:California Proposition 65
1666:polyhalogenated compounds
1543:High-performance plastics
1368:High-performance plastics
1316:
372:High-density polyethylene
183:high-density polyethylene
1353:Fibre-reinforced plastic
1290:Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
786:E&E News by POLITICO
455:Low-density polyethylene
330:Recycling of PET bottles
248:solid triangle instead.
197:low-density polyethylene
1404:Biodegradable additives
335:Picked up through most
2054:Classification systems
1819:Perfluorooctanoic acid
1255:Polyphenyl ether (PPE)
1250:Polyoxymethylene (POM)
1195:Polyacrylic acid (PAA)
1011:(September 11, 2020).
607:safety shields/glasses
149:standards organization
116:
97:
1999:Biodegradable plastic
1348:Thermosetting polymer
1245:Polylactic acid (PLA)
728:Thermosetting polymer
692:Miscellaneous Symbols
659:Sustainable Packaging
103:
92:
2010:Identification codes
1610:Foam food containers
1533:Engineering plastics
843:. ASTM International
817:on November 25, 2020
811:Standardization News
761:. ASTM International
553:expanded polystyrene
260:Table of resin codes
123:, often abbreviated
59:create a new article
51:improve this article
2029:American inventions
1849:Endocrine disruptor
1447:Compression molding
1399:Polymer stabilizers
972:on 26 January 2016.
279:Alternate image #2
276:Alternate image #1
147:, an international
1864:Polymer fume fever
1523:Commodity plastics
1497:Rotational molding
1467:Fiberglass molding
1427:Injection moulding
1409:Filler (materials)
1358:Corrugated plastic
1310:Tritan copolyester
1265:Polypropylene (PP)
1215:Polycarbonate (PC)
805:Wilhelm, Richard.
724:—softens with heat
686:Unicode characters
650:Possible new codes
629:Consumer confusion
415:Polyvinyl chloride
245:ASTM International
190:polyvinyl chloride
145:ASTM International
117:
98:
2044:Plastic recycling
2016:
2015:
1994:Plastic recycling
1960:Plastic pollution
1946:
1945:
1880:Plastic pollution
1660:Health issues of
1618:
1617:
1514:Plastics industry
1432:Plastic extrusion
1285:Polyurethane (PU)
1275:Polysulfone (PES)
1230:Polyethylene (PE)
1205:Polybutylene (PB)
892:Good Housekeeping
717:Plastic recycling
616:
615:
87:
86:
79:
61:, as appropriate.
2061:
2034:Consumer symbols
1885:Rubber pollution
1735:Organophosphates
1654:
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1482:Filament winding
1457:Transfer molding
1384:Polymer additive
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1270:Polystyrene (PS)
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988:Rumpke Recycling
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657:In the U.S. the
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238:recycling symbol
156:recycling symbol
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1487:Solvent bonding
1477:Plastic welding
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1225:Polyester (PEs)
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712:Recycling codes
707:List of symbols
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93:Resin code for
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21:Recycling codes
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1105:External links
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1009:Laura Sullivan
1000:
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942:on 2 July 2017
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599:plastic lumber
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463:Plastic bags,
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451:LDPE or PE-LD
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368:HDPE or PE-HD
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1087:"How2Recycle"
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1022:September 13,
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284:
282:Abbreviation
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105:Polypropylene
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56:
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37:
28:
27:
22:
2009:
1675:Plasticizers
1623:Environment
1575:Blister pack
1528:Construction
1437:Blow molding
1091:. Retrieved
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1041:
1032:
1020:. Retrieved
1003:
991:. Retrieved
987:
978:
970:the original
960:
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940:the original
930:
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916:vinylplus.eu
915:
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891:
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867:the original
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840:
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810:
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785:
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758:
695:
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656:
653:
640:
632:
620:
617:
605:lenses, and
469:wash bottles
320:PETE or PET
263:
256:recyclable.
253:
250:
242:
235:
201:plastic bags
169:
165:
153:
124:
120:
118:
113:living hinge
111:box, with a
73:
64:
40:
1916:Regulations
1768:Bisphenol A
1452:Calendering
1394:Plasticizer
1334:Mechanical
1117:Resin Codes
663:How2Recycle
591:OTHER or O
547:Polystyrene
215:polystyrene
67:August 2024
2023:Categories
1844:Carcinogen
1809:Organotins
1679:Phthalates
1625:and health
1472:Pultrusion
1462:Laminating
1420:processing
1093:14 January
1071:14 January
1049:4 December
993:14 January
946:21 January
921:2020-02-14
897:2014-01-17
873:2022-06-30
847:14 January
821:21 January
791:2024-05-06
765:21 January
735:References
690:See also:
291:Recycling
2039:Encodings
1873:Pollution
1839:Teratogen
1770:(BPA, in
1418:Plastics
1389:Colorants
1377:Additives
1161:Chemical
603:headlight
597:Bottles,
557:Styrofoam
411:PVC or V
264:Sources:
243:In 2008,
139:(now the
107:lid of a
55:talk page
2049:Polymers
1854:Diabetes
1760:Monomers
1740:Adipates
1662:plastics
1516:segments
1506:Products
1154:Plastics
701:See also
199:(LDPE) (
49:You may
1982:Dioxins
1902:Dioxins
1859:Obesity
1600:Cutlery
1590:Bottles
270:Number
222:acrylic
162:History
129:plastic
109:Tic Tac
1699:(BBzP)
1668:(PHCs)
1580:Chairs
1548:Nurdle
273:Image
1953:Waste
1799:PBDEs
1710:(DOP)
1336:types
1163:types
288:Uses
226:nylon
57:, or
1814:PFCs
1804:PCBs
1780:(in
1744:DEHA
1719:DINP
1714:DIDP
1708:DEHP
1703:DIHP
1687:DIBP
1664:and
1595:Bags
1095:2016
1073:2016
1051:2020
1024:2020
995:2016
948:2016
849:2016
823:2016
767:2016
228:and
119:The
1782:PVC
1749:DOA
1697:BBP
1692:DBP
1043:EPA
1017:NPR
543:PS
503:PP
332:.)
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125:RIC
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