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resin (also called resinite) from coniferous and other tree species. Copal, kauri gum, dammar and other resins may also be found as subfossil deposits. Subfossil copal can be distinguished from genuine fossil amber because it becomes tacky when a drop of a solvent such as
413:
have been removed by distillation. Typical rosin is a transparent or translucent mass, with a vitreous fracture and a faintly yellow or brown colour, non-odorous or having only a slight turpentine odour and taste. Rosin is insoluble in water, mostly soluble in alcohol,
101:
Plants secrete resins for their protective benefits in response to injury. Resins protect plants from insects and pathogens. Resins confound a wide range of herbivores, insects, and pathogens, while the
663:
they are called balsams. Oleoresins are naturally-occurring mixtures of an oil and a resin; they can be extracted from various plants. Other resinous products in their natural condition are a mix with
966: – method of plastic casting where a mold is filled with a liquid synthetic resin, which then hardens. It is primarily used for small-scale production like industrial prototypes and dentistry
1479:
3311:
736:. The oldest known use of plant resin comes from the late Middle Stone Age in Southern Africa where it was used as an adhesive for hafting stone tools.
929: – Type of tree balsam – used in food and drink for flavoring, in perfumes and toiletries for fragrance, and in medicine and pharmaceutical items.
1300:
1472:
1223:
1414:
1101:
Bittrich, V.; Amaral, Maria C. E. (1996). "Flower morphology and pollination biology of some Clusia species from the Gran Sabana (Venezuela)".
1085:
1144:
Gonçalves-Alvim, Silmary de Jesus (2001). "Resin-collecting bees (Apidae) on Clusia palmicida (Clusiaceae) in a riparian forest in Brazil".
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3440:
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1465:
671:. Several natural resins are used as ingredients in perfumes, e.g., balsams of Peru and tolu, elemi, styrax, and certain turpentines.
3296:
3291:
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691:, are sometimes confused with resin but are not the same. Saps, in particular, serve a nutritive function that resins do not.
1989:
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The word "resin" has been applied in the modern world to nearly any component of a liquid that will set into a hard
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496:. Plant resins are generally produced as stem secretions, but in some Central and South American species of
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1301:"Lap Shear and Impact Testing of Ochre and Beeswax in Experimental Middle Stone Age Compound Adhesives"
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Many materials are produced via the conversion of synthetic resins to solids. Important examples are
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441:, from which the resin acids are regenerated upon treatment with acids. Examples of resin acids are
422:, and hot fatty oils. Rosin softens and melts when heated and burns with a bright but smoky flame.
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While animal resins are not as common as either plant or synthetic resins some animal resins like
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Rosin consists of a complex mixture of different substances including organic acids named the
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1181:"Propolis and bee health: The natural history and significance of resin use by honey bees"
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The material dripping from an almond tree looks confusingly like resin, but actually is a
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Some naturally-derived resins, when soft, are known as 'oleoresins', and when containing
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upon the addition of a hardener. Silicones are often prepared from silicone resins via
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on the other hand are less volatile and consist of diterpenes among other compounds.
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56:
1224:"Queen Hatshepsut's expedition to the Land of Punt: The first oceanographic cruise?"
1209:
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1038:"Plant Resins: Chemistry, evolution, ecology, and ethnobotany", by Jean Langenheim,
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1000:. 3.0.1 (3rd ed.). International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2019.
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935: – Resin traditionally obtained from the mastic tree on the island of Chios
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resin. Abietic acid can also be extracted from rosin by means of hot alcohol.
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and the kauri gum of New
Zealand are also procured in a semi-fossil condition.
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to seal small gaps in their hives, while larger gaps are filled with beeswax.
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Human use of plant resins has a very long history that was documented in
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Other liquid compounds found inside plants or exuded by plants, such as
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644:-like finish. An example is nail polish. Certain "casting resins" and
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Kozowyk, P. R. B.; Langejans, G. H. J.; Poulis, J. A. (2016-03-16).
1122:
629:"resin of the pine", of unknown earlier origin, though probably non-
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1226:. Dept. of Oceanography, Texas A&M University. Archived from
960:– plant resins are naturally biodegradable in many circumstances.
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2418:
2403:
1648:
485:
2592:
1461:
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1948:
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98:. This article focuses mainly on naturally occurring resins.
621:
516:, consisting largely of resins collected from plants such as
1068:
Fiebach, Klemens; Grimm, Dieter (2000). "Resins, Natural".
508:
they are produced as pollination rewards, and used by some
923: – Process of collecting sap or resin from pine trees
2588:
977:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
958:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
597:. These were highly prized substances, and required as
90:
or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into
113:
or predators of the herbivores that attack the plant.
1367:"Non-wood forest products from conifers - CHAPTER 6"
968:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
949:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
813:) are more used for therapeutic purposes, food and
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1055:, 1996, p 16-20, American Museum of Natural History
765:The hard transparent resins, such as the copals,
758:, a hard, brittle, resinous gum from species of
724:. They are also prized as raw materials for the
165:. Some resins also contain a high proportion of
1070:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
712:Plant resins are valued for the production of
2604:
1473:
793:), and gum resins containing essential oils (
8:
55:cone showing flecks of resin as used in the
616:"resin", which either derives from or is a
393:resin extruding from the trunk of a mature
2719:
2689:
2663:
2611:
2597:
2589:
1480:
1466:
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539:is an example of an insect-derived resin.
1342:
1324:
1255:. Oxford University Press. September 2014
1199:
1063:
1061:
1005:
956: – Decomposition by living organisms
652:) have also been given the name "resin".
429:. Related to the terpenes, resin acid is
1179:Simone-Finstrom, M.; Spivak, M. (2010).
998:IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology
667:or mucilaginous substances and known as
585:, and especially in the resins known as
988:
149:, and smaller amounts of the tricyclic
941: – Natural or manufactured resin
406:is a solidified resin from which the
7:
3410:
2571:
726:synthesis of other organic compounds
532:Petroleum- and insect-derived resins
1407:"Basics of Alkyd Resin Technology"
901:and harden or cure by exposure to
433:terpenes. Resin acids dissolve in
121:Most plant resins are composed of
25:
847:) are used for applications like
181:Examples of plant resins include
94:. Resins are usually mixtures of
27:Solid or highly viscous substance
3409:
3400:
3399:
2570:
2561:
2560:
1445:
1431:
1417:from the original on 2021-05-14.
881:, which is a resin converted to
569:, and chemically very different.
109:may attract benefactors such as
975: – Type of synthetic resin
887:room temperature vulcanization
512:species in nest construction.
330:, the national tree of Malta,
294:from mediterranean species of
1:
3226:Environmental impact of paper
1436:The dictionary definition of
917: – Fossilized tree resin
545:and Utah resin are petroleum
1326:10.1371/journal.pone.0150436
879:bisphenol A diglycidyl ether
728:and provide constituents of
1279:Online Etymology Dictionary
1146:Journal of Tropical Ecology
3467:
3441:Non-timber forest products
3173:Surface chemistry of paper
2676:(Zuo Bo/Tso Po/Tso TzÇ”-yi)
1489:Non-timber forest products
870:
622:
378:
141:, the monocyclic terpenes
125:. Specific components are
29:
3395:
2626:
2556:
1158:10.1017/s0266467401001092
1053:Amber: Window to the Past
601:in some religious rites.
367:is placed on it. African
348:from Australian grasses.
218:from trees of the family
2705:Friedrich Gottlob Keller
1078:10.1002/14356007.a23_073
1007:10.1351/goldbook.RT07166
461:contained in cedar, and
3221:Elemental chlorine free
3178:Units of paper quantity
1072:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
484:Rosin is obtained from
226:from the dragon trees (
3201:Bleaching of wood pulp
2503:(Iberian agroforestry)
1741:Pacific mountain onion
762:
748:
699:
570:
400:
327:Tetraclinis articulata
284:(Cannabis resin) from
63:
45:
32:Resin (disambiguation)
3120:Corrugated fiberboard
2877:Electrical insulation
2730:Thomas Francis Carter
2523:Indian forest produce
1994:Hydnocarpus wightiana
1395:"The art of sealing."
1201:10.1051/apido/2010016
754:
742:
697:
675:Non-resinous exudates
581:, in ancient Rome by
560:
553:History and etymology
388:
304:from the mastic tree
51:
40:
1766:Bare-toothed russula
1454:at Wikimedia Commons
1042:, Portland, OR. 2003
933:Mastic (plant resin)
817:. The resin of the
396:Araucaria columnaris
302:mastic (plant resin)
30:For other uses, see
2377:musical instruments
1635:Woodland strawberry
1317:2016PLoSO..1150436K
1249:"resin, n. and adj"
1115:1996KewBu..51..681B
821:is used to flavour
477:, a constituent of
264:trees of the genus
763:
749:
700:
608:comes from French
571:
401:
307:Pistacia lentiscus
211:Hymenaea courbaril
107:phenolic compounds
64:
46:
3423:
3422:
2748:
2747:
2740:Tsien Tsuen-hsuin
2718:
2717:
2688:
2687:
2631:Paper engineering
2586:
2585:
1450:Media related to
1411:Chemical Dynamics
1087:978-3-527-30673-2
947: – plant gum
277:Agathis australis
96:organic compounds
72:materials science
68:polymer chemistry
61:Egyptian Pharaohs
16:(Redirected from
3458:
3413:
3412:
3403:
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3387:Beverage cartons
3377:Watercolor paper
3236:Hollander beater
2720:
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2574:
2573:
2564:
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2538:Resin extraction
2528:Mushroom hunting
2504:
2250: / etc.
2104:
1997:
1832:Saffron milk cap
1822:Parasol mushroom
1662:Fiddlehead ferns
1482:
1475:
1468:
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1449:
1435:
1419:
1418:
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1392:
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1373:. Archived from
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1098:
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1051:David Grimaldi,
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1036:
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1029:
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1012:
1011:
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993:
978:
969:
959:
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921:Resin extraction
867:Synthetic resins
646:synthetic resins
625:
624:
445:(sylvic acid), C
220:Dipterocarpaceae
53:Cedar of Lebanon
44:trapped in resin
21:
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3465:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
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3426:
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3275:
3271:Sulfite process
3256:Paper recycling
3211:Conical refiner
3193:
3187:
3144:
3130:Paper chemicals
3103:
2744:
2714:
2710:Charles Fenerty
2684:
2662:
2658:Missal of Silos
2653:Battle of Talas
2639:
2622:
2617:
2587:
2582:
2552:
2502:
2487:
2478:Vegetable ivory
2350:
2238:
2150:
2098:
1991:
1953:
1935:
1869:
1851:
1817:Oyster mushroom
1807:Meadow mushroom
1752:
1736:Twincrest onion
1639:
1543:
1526:
1497:Animal products
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1486:
1428:
1423:
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1404:
1400:
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1311:(3): e0150436.
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873:Synthetic resin
869:
841:(obtained from
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743:Lumps of dried
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583:Pliny the Elder
555:
534:
488:and some other
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472:
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314:from shrubs of
287:Cannabis indica
243:Boswellia sacra
179:
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3287:Paper industry
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3150:Specifications
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416:essential oils
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346:spinifex resin
274:from trees of
253:Ferula gummosa
224:dragon's blood
201:from trees of
187:Balm of Gilead
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163:delta-cadinene
151:sesquiterpenes
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964:Resin casting
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952:
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939:Pitch (resin)
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661:cinnamic acid
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631:Indo-European
628:
620:of the Greek
619:
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612:, from Latin
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595:ancient Egypt
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510:stingless bee
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344:species) and
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338:from various
337:
336:Benzoin resin
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19:
3451:Tree tapping
3352:Papier-mâché
3347:Paper towels
3266:Soda pulping
3183:Wet strength
2984:Photographic
2857:Cotton (rag)
2830:Construction
2575:
2548:Wildcrafting
2533:Naval stores
2511: /
2499:
2468:Tendu leaves
2424:Natural dyes
2294:Gutta-percha
2246: /
2184:Frankincense
2155:
2144:
2100:
2057:Mango butter
2002:Cocoa butter
1993:
1990:Chaulmoogra
1960:Allanblackia
1891:Black pepper
1776:Birch bolete
1726:Canada onion
1711:Wild ginseng
1706:Saw palmetto
1647: /
1537: /
1438:
1410:
1401:
1390:
1379:. Retrieved
1375:the original
1370:
1361:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1278:
1275:"resin (n.)"
1269:
1257:. Retrieved
1252:
1243:
1232:. Retrieved
1228:the original
1218:
1191:
1187:
1174:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1106:
1103:Kew Bulletin
1102:
1096:
1069:
1052:
1047:
1040:Timber Press
1034:
1025:
1016:
997:
991:
905:in the air.
893:are used in
891:Alkyd resins
876:
844:Kerria lacca
842:
836:
779:frankincense
764:
759:
745:frankincense
711:
708:Plant resins
678:
657:benzoic acid
654:
635:
626:
613:
609:
605:
603:
593:, prized in
587:frankincense
579:Theophrastus
572:
541:
535:
503:
497:
483:
463:pimaric acid
443:abietic acid
424:
402:
394:
350:
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315:
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275:
265:
262:lignum vitae
258:gum guaiacum
251:
241:
238:frankincense
227:
209:
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180:
127:alpha-pinene
120:
100:
75:
65:
3446:Papermaking
3382:Paper money
3342:Lined paper
3261:Papermaking
3194:and process
3192:Manufacture
3168:Paper sizes
2897:Greaseproof
2882:GenkĹŤ yĹŤshi
2735:Dard Hunter
2667:Originators
2635:Papermaking
2483:Willow bark
2314:Maple syrup
2309:Maple sugar
2284:Fruit syrup
2267:chewing gum
2257:Birch syrup
2114:Shea butter
1786:Chanterelle
1731:Crow garlic
1721:Bear garlic
1716:Wild onions
1694:filé powder
1615:Lingonberry
1600:Huckleberry
1371:www.fao.org
857:lacquerware
849:sealing wax
819:Aleppo Pine
720:, and food
650:epoxy resin
499:Dalechampia
439:resin soaps
427:resin acids
324:resin from
167:resin acids
155:longifolene
147:terpinolene
131:beta-pinene
117:Composition
111:parasitoids
3430:Categories
3319:Paper mill
3246:Organosolv
3125:Fiber crop
3115:China clay
3074:Waterproof
2974:Paperboard
2852:Correction
2845:Carbonless
2693:Developers
2394:Birch beer
2389:Birch bark
2346:Spruce gum
2329:akpeteshie
2319:Palm sugar
2289:Gum arabic
2279:Date sugar
2229:Turpentine
2109:Sandalwood
2012:Eucalyptus
2007:Eucalyptol
1896:Brazil nut
1771:Bay bolete
1625:Strawberry
1580:Cocoa bean
1575:Breadfruit
1565:Blackberry
1539:tree fruit
1381:2015-06-18
1284:2 December
1259:2 December
1253:OED Online
1234:2010-05-08
1188:Apidologie
983:References
945:Kino (gum)
883:epoxy glue
825:, a Greek
799:asafoetida
795:ammoniacum
787:turpentine
669:gum resins
543:Asphaltite
526:honey bees
389:Extremely
379:See also:
365:chloroform
317:Commiphora
232:species),
216:dammar gum
82:or highly
3372:Notebooks
3357:Cardboard
3140:Wood pulp
3108:Materials
3084:Wood-free
3059:Wallpaper
3054:Tree-free
2994:Red rosin
2979:Parchment
2964:Onionskin
2959:Newsprint
2820:Cartridge
2815:Cardstock
2810:Cardboard
2760:Acid-free
2513:gardening
2473:Thatching
2324:Palm wine
2169:Birch tar
2097:Sal-seed
2022:Japan wax
1975:Candlenut
1916:Malva nut
1881:Areca nut
1802:Matsutake
1758:Mushrooms
1699:root beer
1689:Sassafras
1677:Sago palm
1620:Raspberry
1605:Jackfruit
1570:Blueberry
1522:Wild game
1335:1932-6203
996:"resin".
973:Polyresin
899:varnishes
861:Sri Lanka
718:adhesives
714:varnishes
648:(such as
604:The word
492:, mostly
272:kauri gum
260:from the
3405:Category
3362:Clothing
3280:Industry
3216:Deinking
3206:Calender
3163:Grammage
3049:Transfer
3014:Security
2887:Glassine
2790:Blotting
2765:Air-laid
2723:Scholars
2566:Category
2382:textiles
2214:Pine tar
2179:Creosote
2129:Tea-tree
2124:Tea-seed
2092:Pongamia
2082:Phulwara
2067:Nagkesar
2062:Murumuru
2037:Kpangnan
1985:Carnauba
1926:Pine nut
1911:Hazelnut
1901:Cinnamon
1886:Bay leaf
1876:Allspice
1798:(reishi)
1630:Tamarind
1595:Gambooge
1555:Bilberry
1415:Archived
1353:26983080
1305:PLOS ONE
1210:15828725
1166:85842020
1022:"Resins"
909:See also
811:scammony
775:sandarac
689:mucilage
567:mucilage
547:bitumens
522:conifers
514:Propolis
494:conifers
437:to form
431:oxidized
411:terpenes
408:volatile
322:sandarac
292:labdanum
267:Guaiacum
248:galbanum
229:Dracaena
177:Examples
143:limonene
139:sabinene
123:terpenes
104:volatile
92:polymers
3415:Commons
3367:Tissues
3158:Density
3135:Papyrus
3094:Writing
3044:Tracing
3034:Thermal
3009:Scritta
3004:Rolling
2969:Origami
2932:Butcher
2867:Display
2835:Contact
2800:Bristol
2775:Asphalt
2680:Damjing
2674:Cai Lun
2645:History
2577:Commons
2492:Related
2456:Tanbark
2451:Shellac
2441:Quinine
2414:Gambier
2334:ogogoro
2234:Varnish
2199:Lacquer
2189:Gamboge
2174:Camphor
2164:Benzoin
2074: (
1980:Capuacu
1965:Babassu
1931:Vanilla
1842:Truffle
1827:Red cap
1796:Lingzhi
1585:Coconut
1560:Binukaw
1535:Berries
1344:4794155
1313:Bibcode
1131:4119722
1111:Bibcode
823:retsina
815:incense
803:gamboge
791:copaiba
767:dammars
760:Protium
756:Caranna
734:perfume
730:incense
638:lacquer
627:rhÄ“tĂnÄ“
618:cognate
599:incense
537:Shellac
518:poplars
479:galipot
435:alkalis
391:viscous
361:acetone
282:hashish
204:Protium
84:viscous
3436:Resins
3297:Europe
3292:Canada
3039:Tissue
2949:Manila
2922:Korean
2917:Ingres
2912:Inkjet
2825:Coated
2805:Carbon
2780:Banana
2500:Dehesa
2461:tannin
2446:Rattan
2409:Forage
2372:edible
2367:Bamboo
2362:Amadou
2341:Rubber
2262:Chicle
2204:Mastic
2156:Resins
2139:Ucuuba
2134:Tucuma
2119:Tamanu
2076:kernel
2047:Mafura
2017:Illipe
1970:Bacuri
1921:Nutmeg
1865:spices
1590:Durian
1550:Banana
1351:
1341:
1333:
1208:
1164:
1129:
1084:
903:oxygen
895:paints
855:, and
809:, and
773:, and
771:mastic
642:enamel
623:ῥητίνη
614:resina
610:resine
505:Clusia
490:plants
356:fossil
341:Styrax
332:styrax
297:Cistus
191:balsam
171:Rosins
161:, and
137:, and
42:Insect
18:Resins
3307:Japan
3302:India
3069:Wasli
3064:Washi
3024:Stone
2954:Mummy
2944:Lokta
2927:Kraft
2907:India
2892:Graph
2862:CrĂŞpe
2785:Bible
2770:Amate
2753:Types
2620:Paper
2429:henna
2404:Ferns
2355:Other
2304:Latex
2224:Rosin
2219:Pitch
2209:Myrrh
2194:Kauri
2052:Mahua
2042:Kusum
2032:Kombo
2027:Kokum
1949:waxes
1906:Clove
1812:Morel
1746:Ramps
1682:queen
1657:Betel
1649:roots
1510:Honey
1452:Resin
1439:resin
1206:S2CID
1184:(PDF)
1162:S2CID
1127:JSTOR
915:Amber
853:India
807:myrrh
783:elemi
747:resin
687:, or
685:latex
606:resin
591:myrrh
486:pines
420:ether
404:Rosin
381:Rosin
375:Rosin
369:copal
352:Amber
312:myrrh
250:from
240:from
234:elemi
206:copal
199:copal
183:amber
88:plant
80:solid
78:is a
76:resin
3335:Uses
3324:List
3099:Xuan
3089:Wove
3019:Seed
2999:Rice
2939:Laid
2902:Hemp
2840:Copy
2795:Bond
2436:Peat
2419:Moss
2399:Cork
2299:Kino
2087:Pilu
2072:Palm
1860:Nuts
1515:pine
1505:Furs
1349:PMID
1331:ISSN
1286:2014
1261:2014
1082:ISBN
897:and
732:and
703:Uses
589:and
520:and
502:and
208:and
145:and
74:, a
70:and
3079:Wax
3029:Tar
2248:gum
2244:Sap
1944:Oil
1781:Cep
1339:PMC
1321:doi
1196:doi
1154:doi
1119:doi
1074:doi
1002:doi
859:in
851:in
839:lac
681:sap
665:gum
659:or
640:or
577:by
565:or
563:gum
465:, C
363:or
354:is
334:(a
169:.
66:In
59:of
3432::
2872:DĂł
2633:/
1409:.
1369:.
1347:.
1337:.
1329:.
1319:.
1309:11
1307:.
1303:.
1277:.
1251:.
1204:.
1192:41
1190:.
1186:.
1160:.
1150:17
1148:.
1125:.
1117:.
1107:51
1105:.
1080:.
1060:^
1024:.
889:.
863:.
829:.
805:,
801:,
797:,
789:,
785:,
781:,
769:,
716:,
683:,
633:.
549:.
471:30
467:20
457:,
451:30
447:20
418:,
320:,
310:,
300:,
290:,
280:,
270:,
256:,
246:,
236:,
222:,
214:,
197:,
193:,
189:,
185:,
157:,
153:,
133:,
129:,
2612:e
2605:t
2598:v
2103:)
2099:(
2078:)
1996:)
1992:(
1481:e
1474:t
1467:v
1384:.
1355:.
1323::
1315::
1288:.
1263:.
1237:.
1212:.
1198::
1168:.
1156::
1133:.
1121::
1113::
1090:.
1076::
1028:.
1010:.
1004::
475:2
473:O
469:H
455:2
453:O
449:H
399:.
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