405:
354:
326:
298:
51:
186:
33:
42:
270:
166:
214:
146:
24:
366:
532:
372:
600:
506:
496:
1424:
550:
111:
664:) indicates silence for one bar or more for the entire ensemble. Specifically marking general pauses each time they occur (rather than writing them as ordinary rests) is relevant for performers, as making any kind of noise should be avoided thereβfor instance, page turns in sheet music are not made during general pauses, as the sound of turning the page becomes noticeable when no one is playing.
523:
1414:
541:
242:
573:
at both ends (see above middle picture), or as thick diagonal lines placed between the second and fourth lines of the staff, resembling a large heavy minus sign or equals sign set at a slant (the diagonal style is much less common than the horizontal one; although a small number of publishers use it,
740:
Associated Board of the Royal
Schools of Music, London 1958. I, 33 and III, 25. The former shows both forms without distinction, the latter the "old" form only. The book was the standard theory manual in the UK up until at least 1975. The "old" form was taught as a manuscript variant of the printed
581:
dating from
Medieval times) draws each multimeasure rest according to the picture above right unless it will exceed a certain number of bars; rests longer than that limit are drawn using the thick horizontal line mentioned above. How long a multimeasure rest must be before resorting to a horizontal
586:
The number of bars for which a horizontal line multimeasure rest lasts is indicated by a number printed above the musical staff (usually at the same size as the numerals in a time signature). If a change of meter or key occurs during a multimeasure rest, that rest must be divided into shorter
564:
In instrumental parts, rests of more than one bar in the same meter and key may be indicated with a multimeasure rest (British
English: multiple bar rest), showing the number of bars of rest, as shown. A multimeasure rest is usually drawn in one of two ways:
78:, thus indicating how long the silence should last. Each type of rest is named for the note value it corresponds with (e.g. quarter note and quarter rest, or quaver and quaver rest), and each of them has a distinctive sign.
587:
sections for clarity, with the changes of key and/or meter indicated between the rests. Multimeasure rests must also be divided at double barlines, which demarcate musical phrases or sections, and at
582:
line is a matter of personal taste or editorial policy; most publishers use ten bars as the changing point, however, larger and smaller changing points are used, especially in earlier music.
574:
it is more commonly found in modern manuscripts in a casual style). Both variants of thick line rests are drawn in the same shape each time, regardless of how many bars' rest they represent.
648:. In these meters the long-standing convention has been to indicate one beat of rest as a quarter rest followed by an eighth rest (equivalent to three eighths). See:
857:
353:
483:
Occasionally in manuscripts and facsimiles of them, bars of rest are sometimes left completely empty and unmarked, possibly even without the staves.
461:
time signature (four half notes per bar), when a double whole (breve) rest was typically used for a bar's rest, and for time signatures shorter than
325:
761:
678:
1323:
778:, second edition, by Gardner Read (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1969): 98. (Reprinted, New York: Taplinger Publishing Company, 1979).
297:
50:
850:
185:
32:
41:
408:
724:
Examples of the older form are found in the work of
English music publishers up to the 20th century, e.g., W. A. Mozart
165:
1358:
1222:
476:, when a rest of the actual measure length would be used. Some published (usually earlier) music places the numeral "
269:
577:
The older system of notating multirests (deriving from
Baroque notation conventions that were adapted from the old
94:, marked by symbols indicating the length of the silence. Each rest symbol and name corresponds with a particular
1453:
1448:
1427:
1318:
1293:
1084:
843:
110:
213:
145:
23:
1328:
1278:
1167:
1074:
1417:
1288:
683:
967:
615:
1399:
1263:
962:
614:
by half, but this is less commonly used than with notes, except occasionally in modern music notated in
1094:
892:
1333:
1313:
241:
985:
411:
305:
509:
The old system for notating multirests, still in use today but followed only to varying extents
1379:
1127:
757:
578:
365:
333:
153:
1458:
1338:
1142:
1117:
1069:
942:
866:
796:
611:
588:
68:
1232:
1227:
1112:
1079:
995:
531:
422:
99:
599:
371:
1389:
1363:
1102:
957:
443:
277:
1442:
1394:
1253:
1172:
1044:
1000:
937:
917:
874:
379:
133:
549:
1308:
1298:
1273:
1184:
1147:
1037:
1027:
990:
977:
927:
221:
1384:
1258:
1237:
1214:
1199:
1012:
947:
922:
897:
607:
522:
495:
439:
383:
249:
540:
442:
is devoid of notes, a whole (semibreve) rest is used, regardless of the actual
1283:
1157:
1022:
1017:
390:
389:
The combination of rests used to mark a silence follows the same rules as for
173:
103:
98:, indicating how long the silence should last, generally as a multiplier of a
95:
75:
1353:
1343:
1303:
1268:
1152:
912:
649:
505:
193:
1204:
1189:
1032:
1007:
569:
As a thick horizontal line placed on the middle line of the staff, with
1179:
1162:
1137:
1122:
1107:
1064:
907:
728:, vocal score ed. W. T. Best, pub. London: Novello & Co. Ltd. 1879.
673:
87:
788:
382:
rest are only used in long silent passages which are not divided into
1194:
1132:
1059:
887:
882:
570:
426:
835:
800:
1348:
1054:
952:
932:
688:
598:
91:
64:
902:
839:
74:
The length of a rest corresponds with that of a particular
490:
410:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
67:
for a defined period of time in music, or one of the
827:
Behind Bars β The
Definitive Guide to Music Notation
814:
Behind Bars β The
Definitive Guide to Music Notation
480:" above the rest to confirm the extent of the rest.
1372:
1246:
1213:
1093:
976:
873:
789:Aesthetic Functions of Silence and Rests in Music
18:
851:
8:
793:The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism
776:Music Notation: A Manual of Modern Practice
1413:
858:
844:
836:
660:In a score for an ensemble piece, "G.P." (
558:Seven measure multirest, notated variously
446:. Historically exceptions were made for a
829:, p. 561. Faber Music (publisher), 2011.
816:, p. 190. Faber Music (publisher), 2011.
504:
494:
115:
708:
706:
704:
700:
16:Interval of silence in a piece of music
771:
769:
7:
749:
747:
679:List of silent musical compositions
14:
1423:
1422:
1412:
548:
539:
530:
521:
370:
364:
352:
324:
296:
268:
240:
212:
184:
164:
144:
109:
49:
40:
31:
22:
369:(π½) may take a different form
1:
738:Rudiments and Theory of Music
71:signs used to indicate that.
756:by E. Taylor, chapter 13/1,
407:
363:The quarter (crotchet) rest
1223:History of music publishing
715:(1937) by C. Gorden, p. 93.
1475:
492:
1428:Category:Musical notation
1408:
1294:Numbered musical notation
1085:Scientific pitch notation
795:22 (1964), no. 4: 443β54
713:History of Music Notation
610:after it, increasing its
378:The four-measure rest or
1075:Helmholtz pitch notation
754:AB guide to music theory
1418:List of musical symbols
1289:Nashville Number System
684:List of musical symbols
606:A rest may also have a
431:Qui vult venire post me
412:download the audio file
338:Hemidemisemiquaver rest
86:Rests are intervals of
968:Transposing instrument
603:
510:
500:
487:Multiple measure rests
421:Rest on weak interior
602:
508:
498:
579:mensural rest system
63:is the absence of a
1314:Percussion notation
791:", by Zofia Lissa,
310:Demisemiquaver rest
604:
511:
501:
499:Fifteen bars' rest
306:Thirty-second rest
1436:
1435:
1380:Mensural notation
762:978-1-85472-446-5
589:rehearsal letters
515:
514:
416:
360:
359:
334:Sixty-fourth rest
154:Double whole rest
57:
56:
1466:
1454:Rhythm and meter
1449:Musical notation
1426:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1279:Graphic notation
943:Rehearsal letter
867:Musical notation
860:
853:
846:
837:
830:
823:
817:
810:
804:
785:
779:
773:
764:
751:
742:
735:
729:
722:
716:
710:
647:
646:
645:
644:
632:
631:
630:
629:
552:
543:
534:
525:
491:
479:
475:
474:
473:
472:
460:
459:
458:
457:
374:
368:
356:
349:
348:
344:
328:
321:
320:
316:
300:
293:
292:
288:
272:
265:
264:
260:
244:
237:
236:
232:
216:
209:
208:
204:
188:
168:
148:
119:American English
116:
113:
69:musical notation
53:
44:
35:
26:
19:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1404:
1368:
1242:
1233:Music publisher
1228:Music engraving
1209:
1089:
1080:Letter notation
972:
869:
864:
834:
833:
824:
820:
811:
807:
786:
782:
774:
767:
752:
745:
736:
732:
723:
719:
711:
702:
697:
670:
658:
643:
638:
637:
636:
635:
634:
628:
623:
622:
621:
620:
619:
616:compound meters
597:
562:
561:
560:
559:
555:
554:
553:
545:
544:
536:
535:
527:
526:
489:
477:
471:
466:
465:
464:
463:
462:
456:
451:
450:
449:
448:
447:
438:When an entire
436:
435:
434:
419:
418:
417:
415:
400:
375:in older music.
346:
342:
341:
318:
314:
313:
290:
286:
285:
282:Semiquaver rest
262:
258:
257:
234:
230:
229:
206:
202:
201:
122:British English
84:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1472:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1441:
1440:
1434:
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1431:
1430:
1420:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1370:
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1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1004:
1003:
998:
993:
982:
980:
974:
973:
971:
970:
965:
960:
958:Time signature
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
879:
877:
871:
870:
865:
863:
862:
855:
848:
840:
832:
831:
825:Elaine Gould,
818:
812:Elaine Gould,
805:
801:10.2307/427936
780:
765:
743:
730:
717:
699:
698:
696:
693:
692:
691:
686:
681:
676:
669:
666:
657:
654:
639:
624:
596:
593:
584:
583:
575:
557:
556:
547:
546:
538:
537:
529:
528:
520:
519:
518:
517:
516:
513:
512:
502:
488:
485:
467:
452:
444:time signature
420:
409:
406:
404:
403:
402:
401:
399:
396:
395:
394:
387:
376:
358:
357:
350:
339:
336:
330:
329:
322:
311:
308:
302:
301:
294:
283:
280:
278:Sixteenth rest
274:
273:
266:
255:
252:
246:
245:
238:
227:
224:
218:
217:
210:
199:
196:
190:
189:
182:
179:
178:Semibreve rest
176:
170:
169:
162:
159:
156:
150:
149:
142:
139:
136:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
83:
80:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1471:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1429:
1421:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1400:Transcription
1398:
1396:
1395:Sight-reading
1393:
1391:
1390:Perfect pitch
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1324:Ancient Greek
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1264:Chord diagram
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1254:Braille music
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:Other systems
1245:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
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1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
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1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
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1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
987:
984:
983:
981:
979:
978:Musical notes
975:
969:
966:
964:
963:Transposition
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
918:Key signature
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
878:
876:
872:
868:
861:
856:
854:
849:
847:
842:
841:
838:
828:
822:
819:
815:
809:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
784:
781:
777:
772:
770:
766:
763:
759:
755:
750:
748:
744:
739:
734:
731:
727:
721:
718:
714:
709:
707:
705:
701:
694:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
667:
665:
663:
662:general pause
656:General pause
655:
653:
651:
642:
627:
617:
613:
609:
601:
594:
592:
590:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:
566:
551:
542:
533:
524:
507:
503:
497:
493:
486:
484:
481:
470:
455:
445:
441:
432:
428:
424:
413:
398:One-bar rests
397:
392:
388:
385:
381:
377:
373:
367:
362:
361:
355:
351:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
327:
323:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
299:
295:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
271:
267:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
243:
239:
228:
226:Crotchet rest
225:
223:
220:
219:
215:
211:
200:
197:
195:
192:
191:
187:
183:
180:
177:
175:
172:
171:
167:
163:
160:
157:
155:
152:
151:
147:
143:
140:
137:
135:
132:
131:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
112:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:in pieces of
89:
81:
79:
77:
72:
70:
66:
62:
52:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
34:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
1299:Klavarskribo
1274:Figured bass
1148:Appoggiatura
1095:Articulation
1049:
893:Abbreviation
826:
821:
813:
808:
792:
783:
775:
753:
737:
733:
726:Requiem Mass
725:
720:
712:
661:
659:
640:
625:
605:
595:Dotted rests
585:
563:
482:
468:
453:
437:
430:
222:Quarter rest
108:
85:
73:
60:
58:
1385:Music stand
1259:Chord chart
1238:Scorewriter
1215:Sheet music
1013:Dotted note
948:Repeat sign
923:Ledger line
391:note values
254:Quaver rest
250:Eighth rest
82:Description
1443:Categories
1359:Shakuhachi
1334:Ekphonetic
1319:Simplified
1284:Lead sheet
1158:Grace note
1023:Note value
1018:Grace note
986:Accidental
695:References
198:Minim rest
174:Whole rest
158:Breve rest
125:Multiplier
104:whole note
96:note value
76:note value
1354:Swaralipi
1344:Kunkunshi
1304:Tablature
1269:Eye music
1153:Glissando
1128:Fingering
913:Dal segno
650:Anacrusis
433:, mm. 3β5
194:Half rest
138:Long rest
1364:Znamenny
1205:Tonguing
1190:Staccato
1143:Ornament
1118:Dynamics
1070:Interval
1033:Notehead
1008:Cue note
668:See also
618:such as
612:duration
1459:Silence
1373:Related
1339:Gamelan
1329:Chinese
1309:Parsons
1180:Portato
1163:Mordent
1138:Marcato
1123:Fermata
1113:Damping
1108:Caesura
1065:Tremolo
996:natural
908:Da capo
674:Caesura
423:cadence
345:⁄
317:⁄
289:⁄
261:⁄
233:⁄
205:⁄
128:Symbol
100:measure
88:silence
1195:Tenuto
1133:Legato
1103:Accent
1060:Tuplet
760:
571:serifs
427:Lassus
1349:Neume
1173:Trill
1168:Slide
1055:Tacet
1045:Pitch
1001:sharp
953:Tempo
938:Scale
933:Ossia
875:Staff
741:form.
689:Tacet
425:from
380:longa
134:Longa
92:music
65:sound
1185:Slur
1050:Rest
1038:stem
1028:beam
991:flat
928:Mode
903:Clef
758:ISBN
384:bars
61:rest
1200:Tie
898:Bar
797:doi
633:or
608:dot
440:bar
429:'s
102:or
1445::
888:15
768:^
746:^
703:^
652:.
591:.
469:16
347:64
319:32
291:16
106:.
59:A
883:8
859:e
852:t
845:v
803:.
799::
787:"
641:8
626:8
478:1
454:2
414:.
393:.
386:.
343:1
315:1
287:1
263:8
259:1
235:4
231:1
207:2
203:1
181:1
161:2
141:4
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