903:(or Consulta Generale), composed of over 300 members, met once a year on call of the head of state and was composed of delegates elected by acclamation from each parish for three-year terms. The Diet enacted laws, regulated taxation, and determined national policy. Executive powers were handled by the Council of State, elected by the Diet initially for life and which met twice a year, in the absence of which powers were held by the General (chair of the Council) or in their absence, by the President General or by one president from each of the three magistracies of the Council (rotated monthly), one councilor (rotated between the three magistracies every 10 days), and the secretary of state. The General was elected by the Council and had to maintain their confidence in order to remain in the position, although there were no term limits. The General also had a right to summon particular congresses on specific issues separate from the Diet. In the council, two-thirds of its members were to come from
911:. The members were also split into two tiers: 36 first class Presidents, and 108 second class Councillors. The Council was divided into three magistracies: the Chamber of Justice (in charge of political affairs and the most serious criminal cases), the Chamber of War (in charge of military affairs), and the Chamber of Finance (in charge of economic affairs). Petitions made to the Council were addressed to the General, who according to importance, passed them to the applicable magistracy. From there, once studied, it would pass to the full Council for a vote. The head of the Council received two votes while other members received one. In the case of a tie, the secretary of state would vote to break it.
410:
955:
right to vote. If none of the three won the required majority, another election was to take place. In this case, candidates were to be proposed by the heads of families. Three were to be selected by majority vote in a primary election; one of the three was to be elected in a secondary election by a two-thirds majority. If none of them won this majority, the parish forfeited its representation in that session of the Diet." This attempted change, similar to the prior one attempted in 1763, was seldom followed.
469:
919:
Diet to scrutinize the conduct of magistrates and officials except those from the Junta of War, being composed of the
President of the Council and four members elected by the Diet. The Junta of War was in times of crisis authorized to condemn to prison and corporal punishment, and to confiscate and/or destroy property. It was able to mobilize local militias to enforce its sentences. It could also impose the death penalty in some cases.
947:
others to participate in the Diet. However, this legislation was never respected, de facto continuing under the old system. The following year elected members of the diet were made to be equipped with an notarial affidavit, stating they also had a right to, with other members of the pieve, elect one or more of themselves to represent the pieve as a whole, allowing the election of more than one person to represent a pieve.
79:
93:
158:
385:
1025:
725:
951:
changed such that they required a two-thirds majority to be passed, although those that gained at least 50% support were allowed to be brought up again in the same session (while those that did not were not allowed, and could only be re-introduced in a future session with the consent of the
Council).
942:
From 1763, members of the clergy were allowed to send around 137 members to the Diet, and their influence grew such that by the following year the elected speaker of the diet until the dissolution of the republic was always a member of the clergy. Prior to 1763, members of the clergy were not allowed
950:
In 1764, the
Council of State was granted a suspensive veto, allowing them to suspend a resolution voted on by the Diet until it gave its motives for refusal, after which the Diet had an opportunity to reconsider and pass it again with no opportunity for a veto. In the sane session, resolutions were
946:
In
December 1763, the Diet passed legislation modifying the method of election of its members, where a reduced 68 members were to be indirectly elected. In this legislation, the number of clerical members were unchanged, as was the recently introduced practice of allowing the head of state to invite
954:
In 1766, another attempt was made to change the method of election in each parish for its Diet representative(s), where he "was to be elected from a choice of three candidates proposed by the
Podestats and 'Fathers of the Commune'; he had to win a two-thirds majority. Only heads of families had the
918:
nominated for life by the
Council. Provincial Magistratures were also established over time, able to judge minor criminal and civil offences. Minor civil cases were handled by the local judge in each of the 68 pieve (traditional administrative divisions). The Sindicato was a body that enabled the
1150:, Albatros, 1974, p. 29. "Il est un point où le caractère précurseur des institutions paolines est particulièrement accusé, c'est celui du suffrage en ce qu'il était entendu de manière très large. Il prévoyait en effet le vote des femmes qui, à l'époque, ne votaient pas en France."
1369:
Il est un point où le caractère précurseur des institutions paolines est particulièrement accusé, c'est celui du suffrage en ce qu'il était entendu de manière très large. Il prévoyait en effet le vote des femmes qui, à l'époque, ne votaient pas en
938:
In 1758, the Diet reduced the
Council from over 100 to 18 members (each of which had to live in Corte), and limited each of their terms to six months. In 1764 the number of Council members was reduced again to 9, each elected for a year.
914:
Other than the most serious crimes, other business was delegated to various tribunals. The chief civil court, the Rota Civile (from 1763 also entrusted with criminal cases), was composed of three
922:
Suffrage was extended to all men over the age of 25, and those men over the age of 35 could become members of the
Council. Traditionally, women had always voted in village elections for
147:
1440:
1087:
of 1794–1796. On that occasion, British naval and land forces were deployed in defence of the island; however, their efforts failed and the French regained control.
521:
1160:
754:
146:
1338:
The ungovernable rock: a history of the Anglo-Corsican
Kingdom and its role in Britain's Mediterranean strategy during the Revolutionary War, 1793-1797
1288:
The ungovernable rock: a history of the Anglo-Corsican
Kingdom and its role in Britain's Mediterranean strategy during the Revolutionary War, 1793-1797
1450:
171:
930:) and other local officials, and it has been claimed that they also voted in national elections under the Republic if they were head of the family.
1055:
severely weakened the Grafton Ministry, contributing to its ultimate downfall. A number of exiled Corsicans fought on the British side during the
1470:
1445:
831:
from the whole island except for a few coastal towns. He then set to work re-organizing the government, introducing many reforms. He founded a
1083:
The aspiration for Corsican independence, along with many of the democratic principles of the Corsican Republic, were revived by Paoli in the
1404:
866:
686:
468:
1312:
636:
1345:
1295:
1218:
1193:
974:
403:
1455:
1077:
1068:
682:
98:
84:
981:. France invaded Corsica the same year, with Paoli's forces fighting to keep the republic intact. However, in May 1769, at the
1051:
that Corsica had been "lost", as it was regarded as vital to the interests of Britain in that part of the Mediterranean. The
705:
677:
691:
927:
978:
973:
from the Genoese who, one year later, despairing of ever being able to control Corsica again, sold their claim to the
812:
747:
740:
448:
308:
1056:
1040:
964:
648:
643:
594:
1480:
1465:
1460:
1168:
620:
1060:
1044:
990:
1475:
870:
215:
1084:
1076:
and other students at New York's King's College (now Columbia University) - originally called themselves "
986:
884:
653:
811:, later revoked by the Kingdom of France when the island was taken over in 1769. The republic created an
1112:
875:
858:
792:
631:
478:
295:
943:(by legislation) to be judged by canon law, and de facto were not allowed to give asylum to criminals.
839:
and created a short-lived "Order of Saint-Devote" in 1757 in honour of the patron saint of the island,
78:
1091:
982:
804:
696:
536:
500:
338:
272:
212:
997:
847:
808:
710:
129:
157:
1268:
1127:
1107:
1073:
836:
612:
581:
457:
181:
92:
1033:
904:
1400:
1341:
1291:
1260:
1214:
1189:
1001:
857:
Paoli's ideas of independence, democracy and liberty gained support from such philosophers as
828:
788:
700:
589:
557:
490:
390:
201:
59:
1252:
1048:
1005:
800:
772:
672:
568:
549:
191:
45:
1117:
1052:
1009:
908:
900:
513:
325:
262:
1256:
1122:
1029:
851:
816:
784:
729:
599:
563:
495:
248:
1397:
Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire, 1714-1783
1434:
1080:", evidently considering the Corsican Republic as a model to be emulated in America.
915:
880:
531:
1095:
888:
840:
796:
17:
1362:
1183:
145:
1066:
Conversely, at the beginning of the same war, the New York militia later named
923:
832:
1264:
1047:, which was Corsica's main ally and sponsor. It was seen as a failure of the
1024:
526:
1361:
Felli, Lucien (1974). "La renaissance du Paolisme". In Bartoli, M (ed.).
996:
French control was consolidated over the island, and in 1770 it became a
862:
221:
1423:
1013:
970:
780:
435:
1313:"THE HEROIC STORY OF THE ISLAND THAT INSPIRED THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION"
1272:
1240:
428:
356:
985:
they were defeated by vastly superior forces commanded by the
899:
According to the constitution, the legislature, the Corsican
1340:. London: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 19.
1290:. London: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 31.
783:
in the Mediterranean Sea. It was proclaimed in July 1755 by
1241:"The Corsican Constitution of Pasquale Paoli (1755-1769)"
1146:
Lucien Felli, "La renaissance du Paolisme". M. Bartoli,
1188:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 289.
827:
After a series of successful actions, Paoli drove the
1098:, advocate the restoration of the island's republic.
1383:
Le français et les langues historiques de la France
1008:) has gradually declined in favour of the standard
424:
352:
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322:
305:
292:
282:
268:
258:
242:
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207:
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187:
177:
167:
32:
1059:, serving with particular distinction during the
51:
1424:First Corsican constitution (1755), in French
1211:Pasquale Paoli: An Enlightened Hero 1725-1807
748:
37:
8:
779:) was a short-lived state on the island of
1441:States and territories established in 1755
755:
741:
442:
156:
29:
1213:. Hamden, CT: Archon Books. p. 117.
1185:Power and the Nation in European History
1023:
1004:(a regional language closely related to
907:, while the remainder were to come from
787:, who was seeking independence from the
1364:Pasquale Paoli, père de la patrie corse
1148:Pasquale Paoli, père de la patrie corse
1139:
1012:. Italian was the official language of
456:
445:
186:
1399:. London: Penguin Books. p. 663.
537:Roman province of Sardinia and Corsica
883:made Paoli famous throughout Europe.
854:, the traditional symbol of Corsica.
846:The Republic minted its own coins at
334:
321:
304:
291:
281:
277:
241:
237:
229:
7:
1385:, Éditions Jean-Paul Gisserot, p.113
1234:
1232:
1230:
1000:of France. Under France, the use of
989:, and obliged to take refuge in the
969:In 1767, Corsica took the island of
1182:Scales, Len; Oliver Zimmer (2005).
1161:"The Church of St Devote of Monaco"
1257:10.1093/ehr/LXXXVIII.CCCXLVIII.481
637:Constitutional Project for Corsica
25:
1311:Gama Sosa, Michele (2021-06-21).
117:Friends, and not by mere accident
1451:1769 disestablishments in Europe
723:
467:
408:
383:
143:
91:
77:
1367:. Paris: Albatros. p. 29.
1043:was poorly received by many in
887:was extended to Corsica by the
1094:, such as the (now-disbanded)
706:Armand Cesari Stadium disaster
1:
1471:Former unrecognized countries
1446:1755 establishments in Europe
1245:The English Historical Review
1209:Thrasher, Peter Adam (1970).
1041:fall of Corsica to the French
873:. The publication in 1768 of
482:
284:• Independence declared
1239:Carrington, Dorothy (1973).
1072:- whose membership included
850:in 1761, imprinted with the
803:. The text included various
692:Italian occupation, 1942–43
1497:
1057:American Revolutionary War
965:French conquest of Corsica
962:
649:Invasion of Corsica (1794)
595:Invasion of Corsica (1553)
1336:Gregory, Desmond (1985).
1286:Gregory, Desmond (1985).
667:Modern era (1796–present)
621:Kingdom of Corsica (1736)
362:
348:
278:
254:
238:
155:
123:
107:
73:
68:
1061:Great Siege of Gibraltar
991:Kingdom of Great Britain
644:French conquest, 1768–70
1456:18th century in Corsica
1395:Simms, Brendan (2008).
1381:Abalain, Hervé, (2007)
819:, and founded an army.
683:Emigration to Venezuela
313:cedes Corsica to France
216:constitutional republic
188:Official languages
1085:Anglo-Corsican Kingdom
1036:
885:Diplomatic recognition
807:principles, including
795:, which was the first
776:
654:Anglo-Corsican Kingdom
112:Amici e non di ventura
52:
38:
1113:Corsican Constitution
1027:
876:An Account of Corsica
859:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
793:Corsican Constitution
632:Corsican Constitution
198:Common languages
1092:Corsican separatists
983:Battle of Ponte Novu
979:Treaty of Versailles
791:. Paoli created the
697:Corsican nationalism
501:Torrean civilization
273:Age of Enlightenment
137:"God save you Queen"
711:2022 Corsica unrest
678:Italian irredentism
130:Dio vi salvi Regina
18:Republic of Corsica
1128:History of Corsica
1108:Account of Corsica
1090:To this day, some
1074:Alexander Hamilton
1037:
730:History portal
172:Unrecognized state
1406:978-0-14-028984-8
975:Kingdom of France
789:Republic of Genoa
769:Corsican Republic
765:
764:
701:Corsican conflict
626:Corsican Republic
590:Republic of Genoa
558:Battle of Corsica
516:(566 BC – AD 455)
491:Arzachena culture
441:
440:
420:
419:
416:
415:
404:Kingdom of France
396:
395:
391:Republic of Genoa
244:• 1755–1769
148:
34:Corsican Republic
16:(Redirected from
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1481:Former countries
1466:Former republics
1461:Island countries
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1251:(348): 481–503.
1236:
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1206:
1200:
1199:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1167:. Archived from
1157:
1151:
1144:
1049:Grafton Ministry
801:Italian language
777:Repubblica Corsa
757:
750:
743:
728:
727:
726:
673:Treaty of Bastia
569:Medieval Corsica
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331:8–9 October 1768
301:18 November 1755
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39:Repubblica Corsa
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27:Historic country
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1237:
1228:
1221:
1208:
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1203:
1196:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1118:Corsican Crisis
1104:
1053:Corsican Crisis
1022:
1010:French language
967:
961:
959:French invasion
936:
897:
825:
809:female suffrage
799:written in the
761:
724:
722:
716:
715:
668:
660:
659:
616:
605:
604:
585:
574:
573:
553:
542:
541:
517:
506:
505:
486:
459:
452:
431:
409:
384:
341:
328:
326:Battle of Borgo
315:
298:
285:
245:
163:
162:Corsica in 1757
151:
144:
141:
136:
133:
114:
103:
102:
101:
96:
88:
87:
82:
64:
57:
53:Ripublica Corsa
50:
43:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1494:
1492:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1476:Italian states
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1443:
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1418:External links
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1171:on 2009-02-21.
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963:Main article:
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926:(i.e. village
916:doctors of law
909:Delà des Monts
905:Deçà des Monts
896:
893:
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821:
817:justice system
813:administration
785:Pasquale Paoli
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1096:Armata Corsa
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1034:L'Île-Rousse
1028:A statue of
1016:until 1859.
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99:Coat of arms
1165:www.gouv.mc
852:Moor's Head
615:(1736–1796)
584:(1347–1736)
582:Renaissance
458:History of
368:Preceded by
318:15 May 1768
259:Legislature
224:(from 1762)
1435:Categories
1322:2023-08-14
1134:References
895:Government
833:university
823:Foundation
552:(455–1347)
479:Prehistory
344:9 May 1769
208:Government
115:(English:
1265:0013-8266
1063:in 1782.
1020:Aftermath
977:with the
656:(1794–96)
514:Antiquity
339:Conquered
288:July 1755
220:under an
211:Modified
69:1755–1769
1102:See also
1002:Corsican
998:province
863:Voltaire
550:Medieval
449:a series
447:Part of
353:Currency
222:anocracy
202:Corsican
60:Corsican
1370:France.
1014:Corsica
1006:Italian
971:Capraia
924:podestà
829:Genoese
781:Corsica
773:Italian
460:Corsica
436:Corsica
337:•
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178:Capital
125:Anthem:
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848:Murato
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451:on the
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309:Genoa
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871:Mably
837:Corte
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357:Soldo
182:Corte
1401:ISBN
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