French rule in the Ionian Islands (1797–1799)

1475: 1064:) and its administration was divided into twelve sections (Commerce and Arts, Police, Gambling, Theatre, National Guard, Waters and Cisterns, Public Buildings, Military Lodgings, Furniture and Food Provisions, Health and Prisons, Public and Private Schools, Mores and Religions). Each department was further subdivided into cantons with a municipal committee for each (five-member for cantons under 5,000 residents, seven-member for above). Cities were also divided into cantons, which received new names evocative of the new ethos: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, France, Greece, Commerce, etc. A French commissioner, who had to sign off on all decisions, was assigned to each department; a commissioner-general of the Directory was established at Corfu, a post provisionally occupied by Gentili. In turn, each department was to send a representative to the Directory in Paris. As an integral part of the French Republic, the 1487:, and thence evacuate to Lefkada. Upon their departure from Argostoli, the inhabitants, joined by armed peasants, tore down the French flag and hoisted the Russian one instead. Amidst rioting and violence, the democratic regime was abolished. When the Russo-Ottoman fleet arrived on 29 October, the island was no longer under French control. The French garrison of Lixouri successfully evaded to Lefkada, but was taken captive by armed peasants, while those of Argostoli managed to reach Assos only to surrender to the Russians, and be in turn transported to Constantinople. In Ithaca, the local inhabitants convinced the French garrison, under Captain Millet, that resistance was futile, and urged them to withdraw to Corfu. Unlike the other islands, the withdrawal of the French took place in an orderly and friendly atmosphere. When Ushakov sent two of his ships to the island, the inhabitants submitted. 1215: 663: 527:, where the aristocratic families were inscribed. Their nature differed from island to island: in Corfu, they were obliged to reside in Corfu city; likewise in Kythira and Zakynthos they mostly dwelled in the capital, whereas in Cephalonia a rural nobility persisted, and no clear distinction was evident in Lefkada. Nevertheless, the power of the nobility rested on the ownership of land, and as a class they derided mercantile activity, which was left to the urban burghers; as a result, the latter also came to amass wealth and land. The burghers in turn challenged the nobility's claim to monopolize local authority and aspired to join the ruling class, while the peasantry was largely politically marginalized. 1491:

Reinforced by the garrison of Vonitsa, and some remnants of the garrison of Preveza, he disposed of about 500 men. On 28 October, the Russian flag was hoisted in the town hall, and remained there despite French threats to the inhabitants. A squadron of the Russo-Ottoman fleet arrived soon after, and after the refusal of the French to surrender, began to besiege the fortress. Eventually the rest of the fleet under Ushakov arrived, and after several days of close blockade and bombardment, the French surrendered on 17 November. Ushakov allowed 20 French officers to depart for France immediately, but the rest were sent to captivity in Constantinople.

1273:, arrived in the Islands, bearing news of the capture of Malta and a letter from Napoleon to Ali Pasha, urging him to put faith in Lavalette and in turn send a trusted envoy of his own to Napoleon. As Ali was absent in the campaign against Pazvantoğlu, Lavalette was unable to hand over the letter. In reality, Napoleon's invasion of Egypt caused Ali deep concern about ultimate French designs. While the French authorities in the Islands believed in Ali's friendship and considered that his domains shielded them from attack by the Sultan's forces, Ali decided to side with the Sultan, particularly after news of the French defeat in the 1474: 1506: 547: 751:; the nobility reacted to Gentili's proclamation, on 29 June, that the French brought liberty to the Islands with reserve and suspicion. Nevertheless, with the support of the populace and the resigned stance of the Venetian authorities, the imposition of French rule was rapidly accomplished not only on Corfu, but on the other islands as well. The only resistance was provided by some elements of the Venetian garrison troops, but these were quickly disarmed and disbanded; only the volunteer companies at the exposed possessions of Butrinto, Parga, Lefkada, and Kythira, as well as the 531:

each other for local office, they were also able of concerted action against the Venetian authorities, when they felt their interests threatened. Venetian writ ran lightly in the cities, and was almost non-existent in the countryside; not infrequently, Venetian official who ventured to the country to arrest some outlaw, were forced back in humiliation. The Venetian regime was more concerned with maintaining its rule than providing efficient administration. Thus ten murders were punished with ten years in prison, while speaking ill of the Venetian governor—the

309: 1617: 1675:. The renewed French presence in the area aroused the opposition of the British, who instigated a naval blockade of the islands. In October 1809, British forces easily took Zakynthos, Cephalonia, Ithaca, and Kythira, followed by Lefkada in April 1810. Only Corfu, Parga, and Paxoi held out, amidst a deteriorating supply situation, until the 1814 and the resignation of Napoleon. The Islands then passed under British control, and were formed into the 1334: 1170:, an "Executive Directory for the Commerce of Corsica, Malta, Zakynthos, Cephalonia, Corfu, the French Isles of the Adriatic, the Archipelago, and Egypt" was established with Greek and French members, aiming to collect intelligence and foment insurrection. In the event these machinations came to nothing, once the French were committed to the invasion of Egypt, rather than the Balkan provinces of the Ottoman Empire. 1355:, but once he had learned as much as he could about French strength and dispositions at Corfu and elsewhere, he ordered him taken prisoner to Yanina. Ali tried to repeat the same stratagem with the commandant of Butrint, but he sent only Lieutenant Steil and a Greek priest; both were arrested and brought to Yanina. Ali composed a letter to Chabot, demanding the cession of the mainland exclaves, as well as the 691:. The two sides had different objectives: the Austrians wanted to keep the French out, and welcomed the possibility that the islands would come under the rump Venetian Republic envisaged at Leoben, as a buffer between French and Austrian territories in the Adriatic; whereas for Napoleon the islands were a critical stepping-stone for his ambitions in the Eastern Mediterranean, which would soon lead to his 936:). The new political and administrative reality also demanded that new terms were invented, and thus introduced into the modern Greek language along with the ideas of the French Revolution. All these events signified a complete break from the Venetian regime. The Provisional Municipality of Venice was left to lodge a formal but ineffective protest, on 4 August, to the French ambassador, Lallemant. 611:, arrived in 1795, he could rely on the assistance of the local communes, leading nobles, the Jewish community of Corfu, and both Orthodox and Catholic clergy, to raise the necessary funds to pay for the garrisons and administrative personnel. This also shows the parlous state of Venetian defences of the Islands at that time, crippled by lack of money, interest, and supplies from the metropole. 968:

pro-French faction won out, particularly after attempts to get Austria to intervene in Corfu failed to elicit any response; on 5 October Napoleon declared himself ready to cede Venice itself to the Austrians, but was determined to keep the Ionian Islands. The pro-French faction eventually prevailed in Lefkada as well, while Cephalonia remained divided, and Preveza pro-Venetian. Finally, in the

58: 1211:. Already on 1 June 1797, Ali Pasha himself had taken the initiative, sending a letter to Napoleon expressing his respect and admiration, hopes of friendly relations, and the dispatch of four French artillery NCOs to train the Pasha's own artillery. Both Napoleon and the Directory received this with favour, and instructed Gentili to establish amicable relations with the ruler of Yanina. 819:

chosen by the heads of the noble families, now the judges were appointed by the Provisional Municipality, which had also the right to issue pardons. A similar pattern was followed in the other islands, with the notable exception of Cephalonia, which traditionally had been divided into multiple provinces; now no less than five Provisional Municipalities were established on the island, at

74: 989: 539:—was punished with twenty. Out of a mix of governmental ineffectiveness and deliberate policy, the bulk of the local populace was kept in a state of ignorance: there were no printing presses or schools, and the majority of the population was illiterate. Only the privileged classes, who could send their sons to study abroad, had access to higher education. As the medievalist 721:, since Gentili was ostensibly merely the representative of the new, pro-French Provisional Municipality of Venice, and the expedition intended to avoid possible secession of the colony from the metropolis. In reality, Napoleon instructed Gentili to encourage the local inhabitants to pursue independence, by reminding them of the glories of Ancient Greece; the scholar 1261:. Chabot sent his adjutant, Schaeffer, ostensibly to demarcate the boundaries at Butrint, but in reality to dissuade Ali from obeying, as the French had good relations with Pazvantoğlu. Ali Pasha used the opportunity to complain of the lack of reciprocation for his friendly gestures, and claimed that only if the French provided him with 10,000 troops and 100,000 815:) were created for Public Salvation, Health, Food, Commerce and the Arts, Economy, Police, Public Education, and Military Affairs. These committees exercised administration in their respective fields and could propose laws and select their officials, but their approval was the purview of the Provisional Municipality council. 519:). The noble families, who enjoyed full Venetian citizenship, were on top of the pyramid, and provided the members of the ruling council of each island. Originally restricted to Italian settler families, from the 16th century on this group also included Greek families. As in Venice, Corfu, Cephalonia, and Zakynthos each had a 650:) were instructed by Guys on the meaning of concepts like "liberty" and "equality", many nobles mobilized against them, with proposals were made to kill all French sympathizers. Despite such agitation, order was kept, and the definite news of the political change in the metropolis, with the establishment of a new, republican 980:, were left to the "full sovereignty" of France. Very quickly, the Provisional Municipalities of the islands petitioned Napoleon to annex the islands outright, and Gentili's reports to Napoleon also indicated that the population was favourable to a full integration with the French Republic. On 1 November Napoleon's stepson 1542:, carrying pleas for reinforcements—as well as art objects looted from Corfu—but the reinforcements never arrived. The capture of Vido island on 1 March 1799 signalled the beginning of the end for the besieged, and the garrison capitulated on 4 March, on condition that the French troops be repatriated immediately. 1460:

looted the administrative buildings, and burned the tree of liberty along with all official documents at the Square of St. Mark's. The looting spread to the houses of individual pro-democratic citizens, as well as to the Jewish quarter. A delegation of nobles, led by Count Nikolaos Gradenigos Sgouros and the

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replaced as head of the Senate by Spyridon Theotokis. Once in Constantinople, however, the delegation quickly realized that the Porte was not interested in recognizing the Islands' independence, but rather in creating a vassal state under Ottoman suzerainty. At the suggestion of the Russian ambassador,

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was declared and a militia formed, followed by compulsory levies from the wealthy and confiscations of food and animals. On 2 November, the inhabitants of Corfu city were disarmed, but when the French tried to repeat this at the suburb of Mantouki the next day, they met violent resistance, leading to

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arrived at Corfu, and on the same day announced to the Provisional Municipality the terms of the Treaty of Campo Formio, and the annexation of the islands to France. The news was received with great enthusiasm by the council, which awarded Eugene with a sword, and voted to send a delegation to convey

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While initially enjoying broad support, the French regime soon began to loose some of its appeal. The heavy taxation and strict fiscal administration were widely resented, while the dismissive attitude of the French towards religion and the traditions of the Ionian people, coupled with the predatory

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With Arnault as its political advisor, the Provisional Municipality of Corfu became the supreme executive authority on the island. Its chairman and vice-chairman were elected by secret ballot among its members for terms of one month. Sessions of the council were opened to the public (but confined to

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Soumakis went to Ushakov to offer the capitulation of the island. A detachment of 700 Russians, along with a few Turks, landed on the island and joined the mass assembled in the town, laying siege to the citadel. The French garrison surrendered on 25 October. Vernier and 54 others were left free to

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was in Paris, the head of the administration was in Corfu for consultations, and general La Salcette was in Lefkada and then Preveza. The burden of defending the island fell on Major Vernier, who disposed of 400 French soldiers and 500 militia. The fleet appeared off the island on 24 October. While

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and the symbols of nobility was accompanied by festivities by the populace. In Zakynthos, the more established presence of pro-French and Jacobin-influenced elements led to some violence against the nobility, but elsewhere the new regime took power mostly peacefully, and proceeded to reform society

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of Argostoli, was appointed head of the Senate, and entrusted with the creation of a constitution for the new state. Orio's constitution envisaged a thoroughly aristocratic regime, with each island headed by a Great Council composed of the nobles and the upper bourgeoisie. The Great Councils would

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The Russo-Ottoman fleet arrived at Kythira on 7 October 1797. The French garrison, 68 strong under Captain Michel, refused repeated offers of surrender. After naval bombardment and attacks by Ottoman infantry, on 13 October the French agreed to surrender the island's fort under terms. From Kythira

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French diplomatic manoeuvring, notably the cession of Venice to Austria, also estranged parts of the populace: in December 1797, rumours began circulating that the same fate awaited the Ionian Islands, with the mainland exclaves to be sold to the Ottomans. Chabot intervened forcefully to quell the

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Catholic Church property—was expanded and French-language public schools founded. A "National Library" was opened in May, and a "National Printing Office" under the Frenchman Jouenne on 11 August. The French also planned to establish further printing presses, send children to France for education,

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The Venetian authorities were left in a position of mediator, but still had to acknowledge the power of the noble families, who often were a law on themselves and could even raise military corps of their own; while the nobles were content to pursue their private feuds and plot and conspire against

1591:. A Minor Council of 40 would be elected by the Great Councils of the three largest islands, and would be responsible for justice, the selection of officials, and advising on legislation. On 21 June, at Ushakov's instigation, a Greek Orthodox archbishopric was re-established on the islands as the 1233:

Roze, were frequent visitors at his court in Yanina. Roze was even wed to an adopted daughter of Ali's. Ali managed to convince the French of his good intentions, showering them with honours and providing food—and even feigning interest in Jacobin ideals—but his main objective, the cession of the

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Justice was reformed wholesale, with the introduction of French legal principles and the establishment of civil courts—seven county courts, two courts of first instance, and a court of appeal—and criminal courts—two magistrate's courts and an appeals court. Unlike Venetian times, when judges were

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to express its gratitude to the Sultan and Tsar, but also press for the restoration of the Islands' maritime and land frontier with the withdrawal of Ali Pasha from Butrint, Preveza, and Vonitsa, and their recognition as an independent state. As Angelo Orio participated in the delegation, he was

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The next target of the Russo-Ottoman fleet was Cephalonia. As in Zakynthos, there too a broad pro-Russian movement, fanned by Russian agents, the clergy, and the nobility, had come into existence. The French under Captain Royer disposed of no more than 350 men, who had to defend the island's two

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In the meantime, commissioners from the Provisional Municipality of Venice arrived in Corfu, informing Widmann of events and bringing orders to maintain order and begin the democratization of the local administration. Widmann tried to ensure consensus by issuing a notarized declaration of public

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The first enemy ships arrived off the city on 5 November, landing troops north and south of the city. Russian offers for a capitulation, including the immediate transfer of the garrison to a French port, were rejected. Hostilities began on 9 November with skirmishes between the two sides. On 19

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In Lefkada, the anti-French agitation had also had a profound effect; the local authorities informed the French that they could not count on the support of the populace, which was rapidly arming itself, against the Russians. The French, under Major Mialet, withdrew to the Castle of Santa Maura.

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fled to the interior in fear of bombardment, large numbers of peasants, bearing Russian flags, streamed into the town to prevent the French and their supporters from providing any resistance. The latter were forced to retreat behind the walls of the citadel, while the peasants opened the jails,

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on pain of execution. The nobles were opposed to the French from the outset, and maintained contacts with Austria, never losing the opportunity to foment popular resentment, but even the new democratic clubs like the "Patriotic Society" and the "Constitutional Club", making full use of the very

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With the fall of Lefkada, Corfu remained as the last bastion of French control in the Ionian Islands. There too, the anti-French and pro-Russian sentiment had been gaining ground, and the exhortations of commissioner-general Dubois largely failed to have an impact. French forces on the island,

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in 1796 led Widmann to take extraordinary measures to strengthen the defence of the Islands, even investing his own private fortune for the cause. French agents were already active in the islands, most notably the French consul in Zakynthos, the merchant Constantine Guys, who not only fomented

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was appointed to head the civil administration, while the peasantry was organized to support the siege. The Russo-Ottoman forces were further augmented by 3,000 Albanians sent by Ali Pasha, while on the French side volunteer detachments from Corfu and Cephalonia distinguished themselves. On 3

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The pro-French elements in Zakynthos soon sent emissaries to Napoleon for an outright annexation of the Islands to France. In Corfu, the pro-Venetian tendency initially prevailed in the Provisional Municipality, hoping to be included in a reorganized Venetian state. Eventually, however, the

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was chosen. The new commissioner-general, Comeyras, did not arrive in Corfu until 28 July 1798, and immediately engaged in the reorganization of the islands' administration with much energy. His tenure proved brief, however, as barely a month later he was recalled and replaced with

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ideals among her subjects, the undisguised hostility of the victorious French armies to the ancient aristocratic republic, and the dismal state of Venetian finances and military preparedness led to the gradual erosion of Venetian rule in its mainland possessions

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Chabot, the military governor of the Islands, received news of the Russo-Ottoman declaration of war on France on 3 October 1798, at Lixouri. At this time, Ali Pasha's forces had already assembled in the settlements around Butrint. Biding his time, Ali invited

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In all the islands they occupied, the Russians installed provisional administrations of nobles and burghers. Very soon, the Russian authorities invited assemblies of the nobles to undertake the governance of the Ionian Islands, thereby restoring the previous

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with 300 men, and came himself to supervise the defence. Unable to withstand the vastly larger numbers of Ali's troops, on 25 October the French blew up the fortifications and evacuated to Corfu, along with the Greek inhabitants of the town and its environs.

1105:. Among his achievements were the establishment of a five-man team of legal experts to revise the appeals process, and of three gendarmerie companies to provide police services. Comeyras left Corfu in early September, before his successor arrived; he died at 950:

was appointed as his successor on 7 January 1798. He did not immediately come to the Islands, however; informed of the bad state of public finances, he toured Italy for several months trying to secure funds, mostly in vain, until he succeeded in concluding a

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of 17 October, the last vestiges of the Republic of Venice were swept away. According to its provisions, Austria annexed most of the mainland domains of Venice, including the city itself. The Ionian Islands, the "most valuable part of Venice" according to

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on Lefkada. A second letter followed soon after, where he demanded the surrender of Corfu itself. The new commissioner-general, Dubois, arrived at about the same time, and on 13 October issued a proclamation to the inhabitants of the three departments.

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remained in Constantinople to conduct negotiations with the Porte, while Orio and another delegate, Kladas, were to represent the Ionian cause in Saint Petersburg. The negotiations between Russia, the Porte, and the Islands, led to the signing of the

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anti-Venetian feeling, but was suspected of orchestrating the arson of his own consulate on 29 October, an event that was used by Napoleon as one of the pretexts for his declaration of war against Venice. Rumours of the self-abolition of the

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Mantzaros, a Catholic and an Orthodox priest, two Jews, six nobles, ten burghers, two craftsmen and six peasants. Widmann was appointed to chair the body, but he resigned during its first session, and was replaced by the Corfiot noble

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Although the Greek clergy had supported the installation of the democratic regime and even participated actively in it, the French generally treated the clergy with hostility, as can be seen by their demand that all clerics wear the

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was extremely bloody, with most of the French troops killed or captured, the latter including La Salcette. After capturing Preveza, Ali had the pro-French inhabitants publicly executed, and torched the town. Using the unsuspecting

1643:, the delegation submitted a memorandum to the other ambassadors, requesting the recognition of the Islands as an independent and federal state, under the protection of the European powers. Two of the delegates, the Corfiot Count 729:

concord, but only 177 citizens, of whom 71 nobles, signed it. The French fleet arrived on 27 June, and the French troops disembarked on the next day, amidst tumultuous reception by the local populace, led by the Orthodox primate (

858:, the emblems of the Venetian Republic, the patents of nobility and coats of arms of the noble families to be likewise destroyed. This provoked the reaction of the nobles, who destroyed the liberty tree. Although a bounty of 500 1529:. The rest of the suburbs were disarmed without major incident. Preparations for a siege also included the levelling of the quarter of Sano Rocco at the main entrance to the city, and the fortification of the island of Vido. 1125:

The French occupation of the Islands gave rise to hopes among Greek emigrants and intellectuals in Western Europe that they could be used as a springboard for a liberation of Greece. In July 1797, Rigas Feraios published his

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November, Ushakov arrived from Lefkada with the remainder of the fleet. His main priority was to restore order to the island, where the collapse of French authority had unleashed an orgy of looting, murder, and arson. Count

1443:. On Zakynthos, the French position was precarious. The nobles on the island were joined by a large pro-Russian faction, while leading members of the French administration were missing at this crucial moment: commissioner 426:, but retained many of the institutions of the Septinsular Republic. The French were evicted from most of the islands by the British in 1809–10; only Corfu resisted until 1814. In 1815, the British established the 1079:

Due to a sudden illness, Gentili had to return to Corsica to recuperate, where he died almost immediately. As his replacement, the Directory briefly envisaged the distinguished general and future King of Sweden,

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troops in Preveza and Vonitsa, were retained in French pay. Although Widmann nominally remained the head of the administration, actual power lay with Gentili. When Venetian commissioners arrived bearing 60,000

926:, enjoyed great popularity. For the first time, extensive use of the Greek language was made in public documents, which were headed with the words "Liberty" and "Equality", and dated, in imitation of the 1183:

liberty granted by the French, began criticizing Gentili and questioning the necessity of French presence in the Ionian Islands; the Constitutional Club was eventually closed by the French authorities.

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The Austrian court protested the unilateral French occupation, but could do little about it. In the ongoing negotiations, Napoleon for a while pretended that the islands were to be incorporated into the

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elected the senators. Each island would retain a local administration and a treasury, but a central treasury would exist in Corfu. The Senate was the ultimate executive authority, and its chairman the

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behaviour of French troops, made them increasingly unpopular. The quartering of troops among the Corfiot citizenry—a necessity due to the complete lack of barracks—was also greatly resented.

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was applied across the islands, and all Ionian public authorities and vessels were to be issued with French insignia and passports. The defence of the new French possession was assumed by the

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40 attendees); closed sessions could be held to discuss a subject, but all decision-making had to be public, and every citizen could request to speak during these sessions. Eight committees (

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Moschonas, Nikolaos (1975). "Τα Ιόνια Νησιά κατά την περίοδο 1797–1821" [The Ionian Islands in the period 1797–1821]. In Christopoulos, Georgios A. & Bastias, Ioannis K. (eds.).

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major towns, Argostoli and Lixouri. Given that both were completely unfortified, and amidst daily growing and more blatant hostility by the population, the French decided to withdraw to the

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The main external concern of the French administration was its relationship to its most important neighbour, the powerful and ambitious Ali Pasha of Yanina, semi-autonomous Ottoman ruler of

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Mantzaros elected to fill the post, but died before he could be consecrated. A heated and protracted struggle between the priest Petros Voulgaris and the scholar and former archbishop of

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rumours, and expelled the Catholic archbishop Francisco Fenzi, who was considered as the instigator of the rumours, on 11 April 1798. Conversely, the news of the French occupation of

1313:, who also emphasized that the joint fleets were operating to liberate the Islanders from the "heathen French". The French fought back in the propaganda war, with pamphlets like the 5779: 5306: 1667:

under Russian influence and military protection, becoming thus involved in the Russian conflicts with France and Ali Pasha. The Septinsular Republic survived until 1807, when the

1214: 5774: 2905: 1293:, who concluded an alliance in July 1798 (although the official treaty was delayed until January 1799). As the joint Russo-Ottoman fleet set sail for the Ionian Islands, the 1430:. Vonitsa too surrendered afterwards, and only Parga was left to resist Ali's forces. General Chabot tried to enlist Mustafa Pasha of Delvino against Ali Pasha, but failed. 566:

identity, expressed in the veneration of each island's saint or saints. Increasingly during the 18th century, Orthodoxy also provided a link to a rising European power, the

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Under Venetian rule, the society of the Ionian Islands was divided into three classes, analogous to those of Venice itself: the privileged nobility, the urban middle class (

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sent a missive to the clergy and people of the Islands, denouncing the impious and godless French, urging the inhabitants to drive them off, and assuring them that the

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augmented by the garrisons of Ithaca and Parga, amounted to 1,500 infantry and some 300 artillerymen, as well as 8 naval vessels. To augment this force, on 23 October

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Among the beneficial measures of the French authorities were the great care shown to public health and education. The public school system—which was partly funded by

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During the following days, the commandant of Butrint reported that Ali's troops were moving to occupy the heights around the town, and asked for reinforcements. The

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Karapidakis, Nikos (2003). "Τα Επτάνησα: Ευρωπαϊκοί ανταγωνισμοί μετά την πτώση της Βενετίας" [The Heptanese: European rivalries after the fall of Venice].

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Relations became strained in 1798, after Ali received orders from the Sultan to provide troops for a campaign against another powerful regional ruler, the pasha of

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Medal presented by the inhabitants of Cephalonia to Admiral Ushakov in 1800, with his likeness on the obverse and a depiction of the siege of Corfu on the reverse

695:. As the French diplomat Jacques Baeyens notes, the whole "Ionian adventure" was a personal project for Napoleon, who consulted nobody, least of all the ruling 5422: 4995: 578:". Disregarding Venetian neutrality, many Isladers, including nobles, participated in attempts to provoke a Greek uprising against Ottoman rule, such as the 5285: 2925: 2822: 2771: 1277:

arrived. In preparation for the inevitable conflict, the ruler of Yanina patched up his differences with all neighbouring rulers and magnates, as with the

5642: 1565:) in Corfu city, composed of three representatives each from Corfu, Cephalonia, and Zakynthos, two from Lefkada, and one each from Ithaca, Kythira, and 939:

In August, Gentili began a 40-day tour of the Islands, confirming the firm installation of the new regime, but Arnault resigned on 29 July. The lawyer

3675: 1270: 977: 805:. The nobles tried to mobilize anti-Jewish sentiment against the council, and a riot broke out on its second session on 28 June, but was suppressed. 786:

As in the Venetian metropolis, the French established new administrations in the form of Provisional Municipalities. In Corfu, the body comprised the

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once again surrendered the islands to France. While the Republic was abolished, its constitution and forms of governance were retained during this

4851: 3802: 2898: 1408: 5794: 2764: 1575: 1294: 4158: 3551: 2613: 2541: 1380: 713:, to begin preparations for a military occupation of the Ionian Islands. A mixed Franco-Venetian fleet with 3,159 men sailed on 13 June from 3435: 3395: 4876: 4503: 3830: 3797: 1613:, followed, but with Ushakov's intervention the new see was finally filled with the election of the Ierotheos Kigalas on 19 February 1800. 543:

remarked, "If the Corfiotes of that day seemed to be ignorant and superstitious, poor and indolent, they were what Venice had made them".

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mainland exclaves of the Ionian Islands, was rebuffed. Gentili did, however, lift the prohibition on Ottoman ships from traversing the

662: 5649: 3845: 3840: 3812: 2891: 692: 651: 3258: 3239: 414:. Its fall in March 1799 signalled the end of French rule, and the islands were reorganized as the Russo-Ottoman protectorate of the 3883: 3850: 3486: 3307: 2520: 3244: 1505: 667: 1403: 1289:

The French invasion of Egypt had upset the balance of power in the East, and caused a rapprochement between the Ottomans and the

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At the same time, Ali's forces moved on Preveza. There the French, anticipating an attack, had begun erecting fieldworks at the

5789: 5478: 4990: 3923: 3710: 3609: 1653: 945: 918:, in their original lyrics or in various translations and adaptations, traditional Greek revolutionary songs, and the works of 239: 1500: 284: 5799: 4955: 4043: 3272: 1555:. On 6 May, the commanders of the two fleets announced that the Ionian Islands would comprise a unitary state, governed by a 1397:. On 22 October Ali himself, accompanied by his son Mukhtar and some 4,000 foot and 3,000 horse, appeared. The French, under 628: 443: 348: 190: 2602:Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους, Τόμος ΙΑ΄: Ο Ελληνισμός υπό ξένη κυριαρχία (περίοδος 1669 - 1821), Τουρκοκρατία - Λατινοκρατία 1648: 1375: 862:

was placed on the unknown perpetrators, they were never found. Similar events spread across the islands: at Zakynthos, the

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to return, and had them too beheaded. The French prisoners were subjected to torture, and those who survived were sent to

1090: 927: 3049: 940: 407: 226: 147: 4283: 1065: 828: 764:

for the payment of army and fleet and the loans Widmann had contracted, the money was simply confiscated by the French.

534: 3654: 3491: 738: 5752: 5245: 4906: 4313: 3944: 3908: 3695: 3531: 3506: 3456: 3425: 3028: 1298: 1135: 1131: 802: 5255: 5738: 4806: 5448: 5427: 5275: 4970: 4418: 4128: 3430: 3420: 3297: 3159: 3068: 2606:

History of the Greek Nation, Volume XI: Hellenism under Foreign Rule (Period 1669 - 1821), Turkocracy – Latinocracy

2568: 1414: 1338: 540: 5025: 1042:

comprised the island of Corfu and its neighbouring island groups, and the mainland exclaves of Butrint and Parga;

5483: 5417: 4743: 4018: 3918: 3822: 3807: 3546: 3202: 2986: 2914: 2862: 2623:

Tabet, Xavier (1998). "Bonaparte, Venise et les îles ioniennes: de la politique territoriale à la géopolitique".

615: 398:

Originally widely welcomed, French rule began to grow oppressive to the islanders, and aroused the enmity of the

177: 3212: 2669:

Essai sur les isles de Zante, de Cerigo, de Cérigotto et des Strophades, composant le département de la Mer-Égée

1644: 705: 5194: 5104: 5089: 4960: 4896: 4841: 4763: 4668: 4398: 4358: 4343: 3762: 3680: 3134: 3088: 1147: 1048:

comprised Lefkada, Ithaca, Cephalonia and other minor islands, as well as Preveza and Vonitsa on the mainland;

867: 5589: 4916: 3741: 2750:

Bonaparte and the Ionian Islands. An episode of the conquests of the Republic and the First Empire (1797–1816)

1370: 1364: 1219: 981: 3415: 1138:. For a time Napoleon appeared receptive to proposals of a Greek uprising, and entertained contacts with the 5684: 5656: 5604: 5174: 5109: 5071: 5015: 4861: 4773: 4408: 4288: 3970: 3888: 3715: 3690: 3614: 3207: 3171: 2872: 2857: 974: 722: 688: 641: 17: 5084: 3787: 2745:

Bonaparte et les îles Ioniennes. Un épisode des conquêtes de la République et du premier Empire (1797–1816)

2674:

Essay on the islands of Zakynthos, of Kythira, of Antikythira and the Strofades, forming the department of

1444: 1095: 159: 5270: 4563: 4453: 4433: 4428: 4413: 4403: 4298: 4278: 4263: 4228: 4178: 4103: 4058: 4048: 4033: 3913: 3903: 3898: 3685: 3410: 3375: 3187: 2867: 1534: 1419: 969: 881: 364: 213: 5189: 4193: 3586: 1228: 5723: 5663: 5558: 5463: 5412: 5407: 5362: 5326: 4753: 4738: 4698: 4673: 4593: 4553: 4463: 4318: 4303: 4268: 4053: 3192: 3093: 3001: 2966: 1449: 1356: 1239: 1100: 1071: 997: 923: 608: 551: 546: 368: 360: 42: 5260: 4608: 3581: 3556: 3390: 4846: 3670: 1663:

The new state proved politically unstable, but retained its precarious autonomy. The islands remained

587: 5543: 5331: 5250: 5184: 5179: 5052: 5020: 4936: 4926: 4891: 4821: 4811: 4758: 4718: 4628: 4533: 4443: 4378: 4368: 4353: 4323: 4243: 4233: 4213: 4203: 4198: 4113: 4098: 4078: 4063: 4038: 4013: 3792: 3774: 3755: 3705: 3644: 3516: 3466: 3380: 3282: 2842: 2739: 1657: 1621: 1337:

The French defending the ruins of the ancient theatre of Nicopolis against Ali Pasha's forces in the

1258: 1225:

Gentili met in person with Ali at Butrint during his tour of the islands, and French envoys, notably

1155: 1076:, whose commanding general was also the supreme police authority, and a naval squadron of ten ships. 859: 791: 415: 302: 116: 1616: 5584: 5538: 5357: 5352: 5321: 5230: 5164: 5134: 5129: 5119: 4921: 4901: 4693: 4638: 4618: 4488: 4338: 4308: 4253: 4248: 4238: 4218: 4188: 4123: 4083: 4028: 3983: 3893: 3873: 3624: 3521: 3405: 3400: 3253: 3149: 3054: 2827: 2817: 2483: 1633: 1610: 1592: 1556: 1526: 1143: 571: 57: 38: 5691: 5265: 1158:

as his envoy to the Ionian Islands and Mani, who on his return in 1798 openly spoke of a restored

895:

and administration; following the abolition of the nobility's privileges, proposals were made for

876:, Gerasimos Soumakis, led the ceremony of planting the tree of liberty on 23 July; at Cephalonia, 570:. A pro-Russian current emerged, and several Islanders entered Russian service, especially during 5733: 5629: 5568: 5563: 5458: 5169: 5144: 5139: 5076: 5010: 4985: 4941: 4826: 4783: 4678: 4598: 4578: 4568: 4498: 4448: 4388: 4363: 4333: 4273: 4153: 4138: 3878: 3725: 3700: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3501: 3471: 3451: 3118: 2976: 2712: 2588: 1570: 1306: 1274: 1250:

and committed massacres against the local population, forcing them to submit to Ali's authority.

1208: 956: 769: 676: 632: 501: 352: 5382: 406:. In 1798, a joint Russo-Ottoman campaign was launched against the islands, culminating in the 5670: 5624: 5609: 5548: 5488: 5311: 5149: 5124: 5099: 5000: 4947: 4856: 4728: 4688: 4658: 4588: 4523: 4513: 4473: 4458: 4393: 4348: 4208: 4168: 4068: 3834: 3619: 3536: 3496: 3476: 3461: 3385: 3345: 3330: 3263: 3197: 3166: 3113: 3108: 2996: 2609: 2556: 2537: 2516: 2495: 2470: 1179: 1151: 684: 559: 1627:

On 21 June 1799, the Senate decided to send a twelve-member delegation to Constantinople and

824: 5728: 5392: 5377: 5372: 5235: 5094: 4871: 4778: 4708: 4703: 4683: 4653: 4633: 4623: 4558: 4538: 4518: 4493: 4483: 4383: 4328: 4258: 4223: 4173: 4143: 4133: 4108: 4008: 3782: 3576: 3541: 3154: 3144: 2991: 2981: 2802: 2632: 2580: 2531: 1668: 1628: 1456: 1246:. In July/August 1797 (or in Easter 1798, according to other sources), his forces sailed to 1235: 1159: 851: 718: 696: 583: 423: 1333: 558:

A further distinguishing feature between rulers and ruled was religion, where the official

5718: 5677: 5523: 5473: 5367: 5208: 5154: 5047: 4965: 4881: 4788: 4723: 4663: 4613: 4583: 4508: 4438: 4293: 4093: 4073: 4023: 3998: 3993: 3978: 3748: 3629: 3591: 3481: 3267: 3231: 1081: 880:

clubs were established, and proposed the abolition of Christianity and the restoration of

710: 469: 135: 4975: 2883: 1309:. The same assurances were repeated in a proclamation by the head of the Russian fleet, 73: 5619: 5614: 5594: 5468: 5453: 5316: 5301: 5293: 5204: 5159: 5114: 5042: 4980: 4911: 4768: 4643: 4603: 4528: 4373: 4183: 4163: 4118: 4003: 3988: 3720: 3649: 3639: 3511: 3103: 2971: 2943: 2934: 2807: 2791: 2787: 2553:

Admiral Ushakov and the Ionian Republic: The Genesis of Russia's First Balkan Satellite

1413:, could muster only 440 French regulars, 200 militiamen, and 60 Souliotes. The ensuing 1310: 1290: 1139: 1031: 761: 567: 563: 522: 449: 403: 399: 390: 356: 340: 79: 64: 5768: 5743: 5635: 5528: 5225: 4798: 4748: 4733: 4713: 4478: 4148: 3139: 3098: 1588: 1302: 1262: 919: 885: 774: 575: 5493: 4886: 4866: 4816: 4548: 3083: 3044: 2812: 2743: 1484: 1325:(translated into Greek by Stamatis) being printed and circulated in large numbers. 952: 914: 843: 579: 497: 90: 2530:

Mackridge, Peter (2014). "Introduction". In Anthony Hirst; Patrick Sammon (eds.).

903:

involving the feudal lands, increasing the competences of local government, etc.

725:

was sent along as observer for Napoleon and a political advisor and propagandist.

618:

erupted into northern Italy, Venice was shaken to its core: the spread of radical

2698: 2652: 2460: 5599: 5240: 4543: 4468: 4088: 2956: 2756: 2584: 2509:Ιστορία του Νέου Ελληνισμού 1770–2000, Τόμος 1: Η Οθωμανική κυριαρχία, 1770–1821 1521: 1055: 900: 896: 2667: 1058:, and other minor islands. Each department was run by a five-member committee ( 778:

to secure her own control over Dalmatia from the spoils of the Venetian state.

683:

The fate of Venice and of its possessions was to be decided between France and

4831: 3340: 3249: 3016: 3011: 1243: 1192: 988: 908: 847: 732: 699:, before sending French troops to occupy the islands. The Islands were to be 624: 461: 2499: 1305:

would allow them to choose their own form of government, on the model of the

5220: 5066: 4648: 3023: 2951: 2732:

The Ionian Islands during the French occupation and the English protectorate

2636: 2560: 1606: 1538:

February 1799, three French ships managed to break the blockade and went to

1468: 1394: 1278: 820: 754: 714: 457: 2728:

Les Îles Ioniennes pendant l'occupation française et le protectorat anglais

2474: 1247: 850:, while the flag of St. Mark was thrown into a pyre, to be replaced by the 5062: 1427: 1352: 1316: 1163: 636: 109: 2705:

History of the Ionian Islands under the Regime of the French Republicans

2513:

History of Modern Hellenism 1770–2000, Volume 1: Ottoman rule, 1770–1821

1242:. This allowed Ali to move over sea against his rival, Mustafa Pasha of 644:

on 12 May spread quickly to the islands. While pro-French elements (the

635:

in May 1797. In the Ionian Islands, the news of the French advance into

5748: 3006: 1602: 1390: 1023: 1015: 877: 836: 747: 619: 493: 489: 485: 473: 465: 382: 374: 78:

Map of the Ionian Islands ("Septinsular Republic") in orange, in 1801;

2700:

Storia delle Isole Jonie sotto il reggimento dei Repubblicani Francesi

2592: 504:

in the East. In 1795, the Islands' population was counted as 152,722.

2961: 2659:

Precis of the general operations of the French division in the Levant

1539: 1525:

the bombardment and evacuation of the suburb, and the looting of the

1440: 1423: 1196: 1167: 1106: 854:. On the next day, the Provisional Municipality of Corfu ordered the 598: 477: 327: 363:. The French instituted a new, democratic regime and, following the 1195:, as part of Napoleon's invasion of the Ottoman territories in the 702:

Consequently, on 26 May, Napoleon ordered his fellow Corsican, the

2654:

Précis des opérations générales de la Division française du Levant

1615: 1566: 1504: 1473: 1332: 1254: 1213: 1188: 987: 742: 661: 545: 481: 453: 411: 2484:"Österreichische Pläne zur Herrschaft über die Ionischen Inseln" 1800: 1798: 1265:

would he be able to disobey the Sultan. In mid-June, Napoleon's

832: 2887: 2760: 2515:] (in Greek). Athens: Ellinika Grammata. pp. 151–184. 2608:] (in Greek). Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon. pp. 382–402. 2241: 2239: 2237: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1471:

as prisoners of war, before being shipped to Constantinople.

1951: 1949: 1851: 1849: 1737: 1735: 992:

Antoine Gentili, first French governor of the Ionian Islands

2486:[Austrian Plans for Rule over the Ionian Islands]. 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1121:

Reactions to French rule: From enthusiasm to disenchantment

5006:

Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa

1693: 1691: 2533:

The Ionian Islands: Aspects of their History and Culture

2469:] (in French). Athens: Institut français d'Athènes. 1722: 1720: 1718: 27:

French occupation following the Venetian Republic's fall

1218:

Ali Pasha in a hunt at the lake of Butrint in 1819, by

562:

of the Venetian authorities was opposed by the popular

1321:

by the Greek Konstantinos Stamatis and Emile Gaudin's

1130:, based on the French revolutionary constitutions of 996:

On 7 November, Napoleon issued a decree creating the

597:. Others, especially from Cephalonia, settled in the 5708: 5577: 5506: 5436: 5400: 5391: 5340: 5284: 5203: 5061: 4797: 3969: 3937: 3864: 3821: 3773: 3734: 3663: 3600: 3444: 3368: 3323: 3225: 3180: 3127: 3076: 3067: 3037: 2942: 2933: 1596: 1461: 871: 795: 772:, but in the end, Austria was forced to accept the 752: 730: 687:. No mention of the Ionian Islands was made in the 645: 367:, annexed the islands to France, forming the three 323: 236: 223: 210: 200: 187: 173: 153: 141: 129: 115: 103: 96: 86: 32: 2571:(1903). "The Ionian Islands under Venetian Rule". 654:, in early June, was met with calm and restraint. 864:Roman Catholic Bishop of Cephalonia and Zakynthos 347:) lasted from June 1797 to March 1799. Following 337:First period of French rule in the Ionian Islands 2661:] (in French). Paris: Magimel & Humbert. 2555:(PhD thesis). University of Wisconsin, Madison. 2536:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 1–23. 679:and the French occupation of the Ionian Islands. 1467:return to France, while the rest were moved to 1422:, Ali then lured the Prevezans who had fled to 4932:Sophie de Marbois-Lebrun, Duchess of Plaisance 1660:, under joint Russian and Ottoman protection. 1328: 1117:and create a regular shipping route to Italy. 554:, last Venetian governor of the Ionian islands 5785:French rule in the Ionian Islands (1797–1799) 5780:States and territories disestablished in 1799 2899: 2772: 2692:] (in French). Firmin Didot. p. 638. 2462:Les Français à Corfou, 1797–1799 et 1807–1814 1581: 889: 810: 602: 532: 520: 514: 508: 8: 3278:Republican French rule in the Ionian Islands 2467:The French in Corfu, 1797–1799 and 1807–1814 1404:Jean Jacques Bernardin Colaud de La Salcette 1398: 1393:leading to the town, at the site of ancient 1368: 1346: 1285:Russo-Ottoman conquest of the Ionian Islands 1226: 1085: 1069: 1059: 1049: 1043: 1037: 1029: 1021: 1013: 1001: 703: 388: 380: 372: 18:Republican French rule in the Ionian Islands 2245: 2216: 2204: 2105: 2038: 1991: 1967: 1872: 1840: 1804: 1789: 1753: 1741: 1560: 1007: 931: 5775:States and territories established in 1797 5643:The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi 5397: 3293:Imperial French rule in the Ionian Islands 3073: 2939: 2906: 2892: 2884: 2779: 2765: 2757: 2734:] (in French). Paris: Benjamin Duprat. 2717:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1329:Ali Pasha's attacks on Butrint and Preveza 476:) along with a handful of exclaves on the 359:, a Venetian possession, were occupied by 72: 29: 2808:Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic period 2443: 2431: 2419: 2407: 2395: 2383: 2364: 2352: 2340: 2315: 2296: 2284: 2257: 2180: 2141: 2129: 2117: 2081: 2026: 1955: 1884: 1726: 1697: 1238:, which had been in place since the 1718 933:Χρόνος πρῶτος τῆς Ἐλευθερίας τῶν Γραικῶν 930:, as the "First Year of Greek Liberty" ( 842:On 5 July, in an official ceremony, the 3803:Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece 2228: 2192: 2153: 2093: 2050: 2003: 1979: 1920: 1896: 1765: 1687: 95: 85: 5423:Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély 4996:Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély 2710: 1855: 1828: 1816: 1777: 1709: 1295:Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople 1908: 1649:Nikolaos Gradenigos Sigouros Desyllas 1434:Operations of the Russo-Ottoman fleet 1376:Nicolas Grégoire Aulmont de Verrières 1162:and "Franco-Greek liberty" up to the 1128:Constitution of the Hellenic Republic 256: 252: 235: 222: 209: 199: 186: 182: 152: 140: 128: 124: 114: 102: 7: 3798:Senate of Western Continental Greece 3775:Greek regional councils and statutes 2666:de Rulhière, Chriseuil (1800–1801). 782:Establishment of a republican regime 741:, who gifted Gentili with a copy of 448:At the end of the 18th century, the 5699:The Apotheosis of Athanasios Diakos 5444:Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent 3929:Proposals for the monarch of Greece 3315:United States of the Ionian Islands 2679:] (in French). Paris: Dessenne. 1677:United States of the Ionian Islands 1656:on 2 April 1800, which created the 1209:much of Albania and mainland Greece 941:Pierre-Jacques Bonhomme de Comeyras 922:and the republican Zakynthian poet 440:Venetian rule in the Ionian Islands 428:United States of the Ionian Islands 290:Venetian rule in the Ionian Islands 148:Pierre-Jacques Bonhomme de Comeyras 5650:Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi 3813:Military-Political System of Samos 1509:The fortifications of Corfu city, 1439:the fleet sailed to Zakynthos via 846:was planted in the main square of 788:Roman Catholic Archbishop of Corfu 652:Provisional Municipality of Venice 202:• French occupation of Corfu 25: 3884:Protocol of St. Petersburg (1826) 3308:1st Regiment Greek Light Infantry 2551:McKnight, James Lawrence (1965). 1199:, were received with enthusiasm. 1054:comprised Zakynthos, Kythira and 739:Georgios Chalikiopoulos Mantzaros 675:led to the demise of the ancient 155:• October 1798 – March 1799 3945:Greek expedition to Syria (1825) 888:; everywhere the burning of the 307: 282: 131:• June 1797 – January 1798 56: 1203:French relations with Ali Pasha 1180:tricolour revolutionary cockade 906:The French revolutionary songs 345:Πρώτη Γαλλοκρατία των Επτανήσων 5739:Garden of Heroes (Missolonghi) 4837:François-René de Chateaubriand 3303:Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814 3273:Fall of the Republic of Venice 717:. The ships flew the Venetian 668:Bonaparte at the Pont d'Arcole 658:Start of the French occupation 629:Fall of the Republic of Venice 480:, namely the coastal towns of 444:Fall of the Republic of Venice 191:Fall of the Republic of Venice 1: 5795:1797 establishments in France 5348:London Philhellenic Committee 3336:Eastern Orthodox Christianity 3259:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) 3240:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) 2573:The English Historical Review 1510: 928:French Revolutionary calendar 5479:Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval 4284:Michail Komninos Afentoulief 2752:] (in French). F. Alcan. 1673:second period of French rule 1323:Reflections of a Philhellene 535:provveditore generale da Mar 5715:25 March (Independence Day) 3950:Russo-Turkish War (1828–29) 3808:Provisional Regime of Crete 3029:Gregory V of Constantinople 2707:] (in Italian). Venice. 1597: 1462: 1455:many of the inhabitants of 1066:French Constitution of 1795 985:its gratitude to Napoleon. 872: 803:Spyridon Georgios Theotokis 796: 753: 731: 646: 143:• January–August 1798 5816: 5276:Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi 4971:Karl von Normann-Ehrenfels 4807:António Figueira d'Almeida 4419:Konstantinos Mavromichalis 4129:Germanos III of Old Patras 3865:International Conferences, 3213:Thourios or Patriotic hymn 3160:Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos 2625:Cahiers de la Méditerranée 1645:Antonio Maria Capodistrias 1501:Siege of Corfu (1798–1799) 1498: 1365:attack began on 18 October 1091:Louis François Jean Chabot 496:, were the sole remaining 437: 5418:Antoine Virgile Schneider 4744:Konstantinos Vlachopoulos 4504:Konstantinos Nikolopoulos 4424:Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis 4019:Constantin Denis Bourbaki 3958: 3823:Greek national assemblies 3359: 3226:European intervention and 3203:Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios 2987:Konstantinos Kolokotronis 2967:Dionysius the Philosopher 2922: 2915:Greek War of Independence 2798: 2585:10.1093/ehr/XVIII.LXX.209 2459:Baeyens, Jacques (1973). 1647:and the Zakynthian Count 1561: 1351:Roze for negotiations to 1061:commission départementale 1008: 932: 868:Francesco Antonio Mercati 616:French Revolutionary Wars 344: 261: 257: 253: 249: 183: 178:French Revolutionary Wars 169: 165: 125: 71: 53: 48: 37: 5256:Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha 5195:Christoforos Zachariadis 5105:Alexandros Kantakouzinos 5090:Anastasios Christopoulos 4961:Julius Michael Millingen 4764:Christoforos Zachariadis 4669:Sotirios Theocharopoulos 4399:Alexandros Mavrokordatos 4359:Leonardos Leonardopoulos 4344:Konstantinos Lagoumitzis 3924:Treaty of Constantinople 3245:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca 3135:Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio 3089:Athanasios Christopoulos 3050:Souliote War (1789–1793) 2482:Heppner, Harald (1985). 2096:, pp. 27–28, 30–31. 1911:, pp. 133, 138–140. 1654:Treaty of Constantinople 1569:. The Venetian nobleman 1148:Ibrahim Pasha of Scutari 1084:; but in the event, the 240:Treaty of Constantinople 5685:The Archipelago on Fire 5449:Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois 5428:Camille Alphonse Trézel 5175:Konstantinos Xenokratis 5072:Danubian Principalities 5016:Auguste Hilarion Touret 4774:Germanos Zapheiropoulos 4649:Nikitas Stamatelopoulos 4549:Anagnostis Papageorgiou 4409:Demetrios Mavromichalis 4289:Alexandros Kontostavlos 3914:London Protocol of 1830 3904:London Protocol of 1829 3899:London Protocol of 1828 2697:Lunzi, Ermanno (1860). 2684:Lacroix, Louis (1853). 2651:Bellaire, J.P. (1805). 2637:10.3406/camed.1998.1230 1495:Siege and fall of Corfu 1166:. At the same time, in 975:French Foreign Minister 870:and the Greek Orthodox 723:Antoine-Vincent Arnault 689:Preliminaries of Leoben 642:Great Council of Venice 420:again annexed to France 5790:18th century in Greece 5519:Fotis Chrysanthopoulos 5484:Pierre-Narcisse Guérin 5110:Georgios Kantakouzinos 4564:Christoforos Perraivos 4434:Dimitrios Meletopoulos 4429:Petrobey Mavromichalis 4414:Georgios Mavromichalis 4404:Antonios Mavromichalis 4299:Georgios Kountouriotis 4279:Theodoros Kolokotronis 4264:Apostolis Kolokotronis 4229:Georgakis Kapsokalyvas 4179:Antonios Kalamogdartis 4104:Georgios Filippopoulos 4059:Dimitrakis Deligiannis 4049:Hatzimichalis Dalianis 4034:Giannis Chondrogiannis 3867:treaties and protocols 3208:Salpisma Polemistirion 3172:Society of the Phoenix 2838:Republican French rule 1624: 1582: 1516: 1479: 1399: 1369: 1347: 1341: 1227: 1222: 1086: 1070: 1060: 1050: 1044: 1038: 1030: 1022: 1014: 1002: 993: 970:Treaty of Campo Formio 890: 882:Ancient Greek religion 829:Castle of Saint George 811: 704: 680: 603: 555: 533: 521: 515: 509: 389: 381: 373: 365:Treaty of Campo Formio 214:Treaty of Campo Formio 5800:French First Republic 5724:Eleftheria i thanatos 5664:The Massacre at Chios 5559:Anastasios Polyzoidis 5554:Panagiotis Papatsonis 5507:Historians/Memoirists 5464:Guillaume-Abel Blouet 5413:Antoine Simon Durrieu 5408:Nicolas Joseph Maison 5363:Lazaros Kountouriotis 5327:Alexander I of Russia 5085:Athanasios Agrafiotis 4917:Henrik Nikolai Krøyer 4754:Liolios Xirolivaditis 4739:Alexakis Vlachopoulos 4699:Melchisedek Tsouderos 4674:Zafeirakis Theodosiou 4594:Anastasios Polyzoidis 4554:Dimitrios Papanikolis 4544:Grigorios Papaflessas 4464:Panagiotis Michanidis 4319:Lykourgos Krestenitis 4304:Lazaros Kountouriotis 4159:Konstantinos Gouvelis 4054:Dimitrios Deligeorgis 3788:Directorate of Achaea 3094:Theoklitos Farmakidis 2873:Ionian Islands region 2740:Rodocanachi, Emmanuel 2726:Pauthier, G. (1863). 2690:The Islands of Greece 1923:, pp. 18–19, 59. 1619: 1508: 1477: 1445:Chriseuil de Rulhière 1357:Castle of Santa Maura 1336: 1240:Treaty of Passarowitz 1217: 1096:François Louis Dubois 991: 982:Eugène de Beauharnais 665: 609:Carlo Aurelio Widmann 604:provveditore generale 552:Carlo Aurelio Widmann 549: 513:) and the commoners ( 438:Further information: 160:François Louis Dubois 43:French First Republic 5657:Le siège de Corinthe 5605:François Pouqueville 5544:Konstantinos Metaxas 5332:Nicholas I of Russia 5251:Mahmud Dramali Pasha 5185:Demetrios Ypsilantis 5180:Alexander Ypsilantis 5053:James Jakob Williams 5021:Edward John Trelawny 4937:Vasos Mavrovouniotis 4927:Ernst Michael Mangel 4892:Frank Abney Hastings 4822:Paul Marie Bonaparte 4759:Demetrios Ypsilantis 4719:Thanasoulas Valtinos 4629:Theofanis Siatisteus 4534:Dimitrios Panourgias 4444:Konstantinos Metaxas 4379:Yiannis Makriyiannis 4369:Lykourgos Logothetis 4354:Georgios Lechouritis 4324:Stamatis Krestenitis 4269:Ioannis Kolokotronis 4244:Georgios Karaiskakis 4234:Anastasios Karatasos 4214:Ioannis Kapodistrias 4204:Konstantinos Kanaris 4199:Athanasios Kanakaris 4114:Panagiotakis Fotilas 4099:Yiannis Dyovouniotis 4079:Konstantinos Dimidis 4064:Kanellos Deligiannis 4039:Dimitrios Christidis 4014:Laskarina Bouboulina 3909:Treaty of Adrianople 3793:Peloponnesian Senate 3283:Septinsular Republic 3228:Greek involvement in 3188:Adelphiki Didaskalia 2848:Imperial French rule 2843:Septinsular Republic 2686:Les Îles de la Grèce 1658:Septinsular Republic 1622:Septinsular Republic 1580:, the last Venetian 1535:Nikolettos Voulgaris 1420:Metropolitan of Arta 1156:Demetrio Stefanopoli 1142:in southern Greece, 963:Annexation to France 627:), and the eventual 498:overseas possessions 416:Septinsular Republic 361:Revolutionary France 303:Septinsular Republic 117:Commissioner-general 5539:Lambros Koutsonikas 5383:Rothschild & Co 5358:Jean-Gabriel Eynard 5353:Ludwig I of Bavaria 5322:Lodewijk van Heiden 5231:Nasuhzade Ali Pasha 5190:Nikolaos Ypsilantis 5165:Athanasios Tsakalov 5135:Dimitrie Macedonski 5130:Constantine Levidis 5120:Stamatios Kleanthis 4922:Ludwig I of Bavaria 4902:Samuel Gridley Howe 4694:Anastasios Tsamados 4639:Ioannis Skandalidis 4619:Georgios Sachtouris 4574:Vasileios Petimezas 4489:Konstantinos Negris 4339:Kyprianos of Cyprus 4314:Ioannis Krestenitis 4309:Michalis Kourmoulis 4254:Nikolaos Kasomoulis 4249:Aristeidis Karnalis 4239:Panagiotis Karatzas 4219:Viaros Kapodistrias 4194:Athanasios Kampetis 4189:Dimitrios Kallergis 4124:Antonios Georgantas 4084:Ioannis Dimoulitsas 4029:Sotiris Charalampis 3984:Odysseas Androutsos 3894:Conference of Poros 3874:Congress of Laibach 3457:Wallachian uprising 3254:Catherine the Great 3150:Athanasios Tsakalov 3069:Greek Enlightenment 3055:Souliote War (1803) 2828:Despotate of Epirus 2446:, pp. 400–401. 2434:, pp. 394–399. 2422:, pp. 393–394. 2410:, pp. 392–393. 2367:, pp. 391–392. 2355:, pp. 390–391. 2299:, pp. 388–389. 2260:, pp. 387–388. 2219:, pp. 161–162. 2144:, pp. 386–387. 2120:, pp. 385–386. 2108:, pp. 159–160. 1994:, pp. 158–159. 1887:, pp. 382–383. 1858:, pp. 238–239. 1819:, pp. 236–237. 1807:, pp. 155–156. 1756:, pp. 154–155. 1611:Nikiforos Theotokis 1593:Metropolis of Corfu 1527:Platytera Monastery 1415:Battle of Nicopolis 1339:Battle of Nicopolis 1150:. He even sent the 1144:Ali Pasha of Yanina 1087:général de division 706:général de division 572:Catherine the Great 500:of the once mighty 418:. The islands were 39:Overseas department 5753:Presidential Guard 5734:Propylaea (Munich) 5630:Theodoros Vryzakis 5569:Spyridon Trikoupis 5564:Georgios Tertsetis 5534:Ambrosios Frantzis 5459:Stamatis Voulgaris 5261:Reşid Mehmed Pasha 5170:Tudor Vladimirescu 5145:Giorgakis Olympios 5140:Anastasios Manakis 5011:Friedrich Thiersch 4986:Theobald Piscatory 4942:Johann Jakob Meyer 4827:Karl Rudolf Brommy 4784:Marigo Zarafopoula 4679:Emmanouil Tombazis 4599:Konstantinos Rados 4579:Dionysios Petrakis 4569:Nikolaos Petimezas 4499:Diamantis Nikolaou 4449:Hatzigiannis Mexis 4389:Anastasios Manakis 4364:Georgios Liologlou 4334:Nikolaos Kriezotis 4274:Panos Kolokotronis 4154:Dimitrios Gouvelis 4139:Konstantinos Gofas 4044:Panagiotis Danglis 3879:Congress of Verona 3193:Asma Polemistirion 3119:Eugenios Voulgaris 2977:Panagiotis Benakis 1625: 1517: 1480: 1400:général de brigade 1371:général de brigade 1342: 1307:Republic of Ragusa 1275:Battle of the Nile 1223: 1072:Division du Levant 994: 957:Republic of Ragusa 924:Antonios Martelaos 770:Cisalpine Republic 681: 677:Republic of Venice 673:victories in Italy 633:Napoleon Bonaparte 556: 502:Republic of Venice 422:in 1807 after the 353:Republic of Venice 227:Surrender of Corfu 5762: 5761: 5671:The Free Besieged 5625:Dionysios Solomos 5610:Alexander Pushkin 5549:Panoutsos Notaras 5502: 5501: 5489:Charles Lenormant 5312:Edward Codrington 5307:Stratford Canning 5150:Yiannis Pharmakis 5125:Georgios Lassanis 5100:Stefanos Kanellos 5001:Giuseppe Rosaroll 4948:Ellinika Chronika 4857:Giacinto Collegno 4729:Meletis Vasileiou 4689:Ioannis Trikoupis 4659:Joseph Stephanini 4609:Panagiotis Rodios 4589:Kyriakos Pittakis 4524:Andronikos Paikos 4514:Antonis Oikonomou 4474:Nikolaos Mykonios 4459:Antonios Miaoulis 4394:Manto Mavrogenous 4349:Georgios Lassanis 4209:Stefanos Kanellos 4169:Dimitrios Indares 4069:Athanasios Diakos 3919:London Conference 3835:Executive of 1822 3831:First (Epidaurus) 3346:Constitutionalism 3331:Greek nationalism 3298:Albanian Regiment 3264:French Revolution 3221: 3220: 3198:Hellenic Nomarchy 3167:Philomuse Society 3114:Adamantios Korais 3109:Theophilos Kairis 3063: 3062: 2997:Cosmas of Aetolia 2881: 2880: 2858:Union with Greece 2615:978-960-213-100-8 2543:978-1-4438-6278-3 2195:, pp. 31–32. 1982:, pp. 66–67. 1899:, pp. 64–67. 1768:, pp. 15–16. 1259:Osman Pazvantoğlu 1154:military officer 693:invasion of Egypt 560:Roman Catholicism 355:in May 1797, the 333: 332: 319: 318: 315: 314: 295: 294: 105: • Type 80:Ottoman territory 16:(Redirected from 5807: 5729:Pedion tou Areos 5585:Eugène Delacroix 5514:Dimitrios Ainian 5398: 5393:Morea expedition 5378:Ioannis Varvakis 5373:Georgios Stavros 5236:Ismael Gibraltar 5221:Sultan Mahmud II 5095:Diamandi Djuvara 5034: 4897:Carl von Heideck 4872:Vincenzo Gallina 4847:Giuseppe Chiappe 4779:Evangelos Zappas 4709:Theodoros Tzinis 4704:Kitsos Tzavellas 4684:Iakovos Tombazis 4654:Georgios Stavros 4634:Georgios Sisinis 4624:Georgios Sekeris 4559:Emmanouel Pappas 4539:Nakos Panourgias 4519:Ioannis Orlandos 4494:Theodoros Negris 4484:Alexander Negris 4454:Andreas Miaoulis 4384:Ioannis Mamouris 4329:Antonios Kriezis 4259:Ioannis Kolettis 4224:Stamatios Kapsas 4174:Isaiah of Salona 4144:Vasileios Goudas 4134:Georgios Gevidis 4109:Asimakis Fotilas 4009:Tousias Botsaris 3889:Treaty of London 3856:Fifth (Nafplion) 3783:Messenian Senate 3577:Chios expedition 3527:Greek civil wars 3155:Emmanuil Xanthos 3145:Nikolaos Skoufas 3074: 2992:Lambros Katsonis 2982:Nikolaos Galatis 2940: 2908: 2901: 2894: 2885: 2818:Byzantine period 2781: 2774: 2767: 2758: 2753: 2735: 2722: 2716: 2708: 2693: 2680: 2662: 2640: 2619: 2596: 2564: 2547: 2526: 2503: 2478: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2399: 2393: 2387: 2381: 2368: 2362: 2356: 2350: 2344: 2338: 2319: 2313: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2261: 2255: 2249: 2246:Karapidakis 2003 2243: 2232: 2226: 2220: 2217:Karapidakis 2003 2214: 2208: 2205:Karapidakis 2003 2202: 2196: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2157: 2151: 2145: 2139: 2133: 2127: 2121: 2115: 2109: 2106:Karapidakis 2003 2103: 2097: 2091: 2085: 2079: 2054: 2048: 2042: 2039:Karapidakis 2003 2036: 2030: 2024: 2007: 2001: 1995: 1992:Karapidakis 2003 1989: 1983: 1977: 1971: 1968:Karapidakis 2003 1965: 1959: 1953: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1906: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1882: 1876: 1873:Karapidakis 2003 1870: 1859: 1853: 1844: 1841:Karapidakis 2003 1838: 1832: 1826: 1820: 1814: 1808: 1805:Karapidakis 2003 1802: 1793: 1790:Karapidakis 2003 1787: 1781: 1775: 1769: 1763: 1757: 1754:Karapidakis 2003 1751: 1745: 1742:Karapidakis 2003 1739: 1730: 1724: 1713: 1707: 1701: 1695: 1669:Treaty of Tilsit 1642: 1629:Saint Petersburg 1600: 1585: 1579: 1564: 1563: 1515: 1512: 1465: 1453: 1412: 1402: 1384: 1374: 1350: 1348:adjudant-général 1236:Straits of Corfu 1232: 1229:adjudant-général 1160:Byzantine Empire 1109:of an epidemic. 1104: 1089: 1075: 1063: 1053: 1047: 1041: 1035: 1027: 1019: 1011: 1010: 1005: 949: 935: 934: 893: 875: 852:French tricolour 814: 799: 758: 736: 719:flag of St. Mark 709: 697:French Directory 649: 606: 596: 588:Andreas Verousis 584:Lambros Katsonis 582:or the raids of 538: 526: 518: 512: 478:Epirote mainland 424:Treaty of Tilsit 408:four-month siege 394: 386: 378: 346: 311: 310: 299: 298: 286: 285: 279: 278: 263: 262: 106: 76: 60: 30: 21: 5815: 5814: 5810: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5804: 5765: 5764: 5763: 5758: 5719:Hymn to Liberty 5704: 5678:Hymn to Liberty 5573: 5524:Ioannis Filimon 5498: 5474:Prosper Baccuet 5432: 5387: 5368:Ioannis Papafis 5336: 5280: 5199: 5155:Michael Soutzos 5075: 5069: 5057: 5048:Olivier Voutier 5028: 4966:August Myhrberg 4956:Jonathan Miller 4882:Constantin Guys 4862:Charles Fabvier 4812:Joseph Balestra 4793: 4789:Nikolaos Zervas 4724:Dimitrios Varis 4664:Ioannis Stratos 4614:Dionysios Romas 4584:Andreas Pipinos 4509:Ioannis Notaras 4439:Andreas Metaxas 4294:Panos Koronaios 4094:Georgios Drakos 4074:Dionysis Diakos 4024:Stefanos Chalis 3999:Markos Botsaris 3994:Kostas Botsaris 3979:Chian Committee 3965: 3954: 3933: 3866: 3860: 3846:Third (Troezen) 3841:Second (Astros) 3817: 3769: 3730: 3664:Naval conflicts 3659: 3596: 3440: 3431:3rd Messolonghi 3426:2nd Messolonghi 3421:1st Messolonghi 3364: 3355: 3319: 3268:Napoleonic Wars 3232:Napoleonic Wars 3229: 3227: 3217: 3176: 3123: 3059: 3033: 2929: 2918: 2912: 2882: 2877: 2868:1953 earthquake 2863:Axis occupation 2823:County Palatine 2803:Mycenean period 2794: 2785: 2738: 2725: 2709: 2696: 2683: 2665: 2650: 2647: 2645:Further reading 2622: 2616: 2599: 2579:(70): 209–239. 2569:Miller, William 2567: 2550: 2544: 2529: 2523: 2506: 2481: 2458: 2455: 2450: 2442: 2438: 2430: 2426: 2418: 2414: 2406: 2402: 2394: 2390: 2382: 2371: 2363: 2359: 2351: 2347: 2339: 2322: 2314: 2303: 2295: 2291: 2283: 2264: 2256: 2252: 2244: 2235: 2227: 2223: 2215: 2211: 2203: 2199: 2191: 2187: 2179: 2160: 2152: 2148: 2140: 2136: 2128: 2124: 2116: 2112: 2104: 2100: 2092: 2088: 2080: 2057: 2049: 2045: 2037: 2033: 2025: 2010: 2002: 1998: 1990: 1986: 1978: 1974: 1966: 1962: 1954: 1927: 1919: 1915: 1907: 1903: 1895: 1891: 1883: 1879: 1871: 1862: 1854: 1847: 1839: 1835: 1827: 1823: 1815: 1811: 1803: 1796: 1788: 1784: 1776: 1772: 1764: 1760: 1752: 1748: 1740: 1733: 1725: 1716: 1708: 1704: 1696: 1689: 1685: 1636: 1573: 1548: 1513: 1503: 1497: 1447: 1436: 1406: 1378: 1331: 1287: 1205: 1123: 1098: 1082:Jean Bernadotte 965: 943: 792:Francisco Fenzi 784: 711:Antoine Gentili 660: 590: 446: 436: 404:Russian Empires 308: 283: 242: 229: 219:17 October 1797 216: 203: 193: 156: 144: 136:Antoine Gentili 132: 104: 77: 67: 62: 61: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5813: 5811: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5767: 5766: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5756: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5712: 5710: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5695: 5688: 5681: 5674: 5667: 5660: 5653: 5646: 5639: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5620:Andreas Kalvos 5617: 5615:Karl Krazeisen 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5595:Peter von Hess 5592: 5587: 5581: 5579: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5510: 5508: 5504: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5469:Gabriel Bibron 5466: 5461: 5456: 5454:Pierre Peytier 5451: 5446: 5440: 5438: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5404: 5402: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5317:Henri de Rigny 5314: 5309: 5304: 5302:George Canning 5298: 5296: 5282: 5281: 5279: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5217: 5215: 5205:Ottoman Empire 5201: 5200: 5198: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5160:Roxani Soutzos 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5115:Rallou Karatza 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5081: 5079: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5043:David Urquhart 5040: 5035: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4991:Maxime Raybaud 4988: 4983: 4981:Maurice Persat 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4912:Karl Krazeisen 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4842:Richard Church 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4803: 4801: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4769:Andreas Zaimis 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4644:Zisis Sotiriou 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4604:Ioannis Rangos 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4529:Georgios Panou 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4374:Andreas Londos 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4184:George Kalaras 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4164:Angelis Govios 4161: 4156: 4151: 4149:Ioannis Gouras 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4119:Angelis Gatsos 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4004:Notis Botsaris 4001: 3996: 3991: 3989:Fotos Bomporis 3986: 3981: 3975: 3973: 3967: 3966: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3953: 3952: 3947: 3941: 3939: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3870: 3868: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3858: 3853: 3851:Fourth (Argos) 3848: 3843: 3838: 3827: 3825: 3819: 3818: 3816: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3779: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3767: 3760: 3753: 3746: 3738: 3736: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3667: 3665: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3610:Constantinople 3606: 3604: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3441: 3439: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3372: 3370: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3357: 3356: 3354: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3333: 3327: 3325: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3317: 3312: 3311: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3261: 3256: 3247: 3242: 3236: 3234: 3223: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3137: 3131: 3129: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3104:Anthimos Gazis 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3080: 3078: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3058: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3020: 3019: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2972:Daskalogiannis 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2948: 2946: 2937: 2935:Ottoman Greece 2931: 2930: 2923: 2920: 2919: 2913: 2911: 2910: 2903: 2896: 2888: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2799: 2796: 2795: 2792:Ionian Islands 2786: 2784: 2783: 2776: 2769: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2736: 2723: 2694: 2681: 2663: 2646: 2643: 2642: 2641: 2631:(1): 131–141. 2620: 2614: 2597: 2565: 2548: 2542: 2527: 2521: 2504: 2488:Balkan Studies 2479: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2448: 2444:Moschonas 1975 2436: 2432:Moschonas 1975 2424: 2420:Moschonas 1975 2412: 2408:Moschonas 1975 2400: 2398:, p. 393. 2396:Moschonas 1975 2388: 2386:, p. 392. 2384:Moschonas 1975 2369: 2365:Moschonas 1975 2357: 2353:Moschonas 1975 2345: 2343:, p. 390. 2341:Moschonas 1975 2320: 2318:, p. 391. 2316:Moschonas 1975 2301: 2297:Moschonas 1975 2289: 2287:, p. 389. 2285:Moschonas 1975 2262: 2258:Moschonas 1975 2250: 2248:, p. 162. 2233: 2221: 2209: 2207:, p. 161. 2197: 2185: 2183:, p. 388. 2181:Moschonas 1975 2158: 2146: 2142:Moschonas 1975 2134: 2132:, p. 386. 2130:Moschonas 1975 2122: 2118:Moschonas 1975 2110: 2098: 2086: 2084:, p. 387. 2082:Moschonas 1975 2055: 2043: 2041:, p. 159. 2031: 2029:, p. 385. 2027:Moschonas 1975 2008: 1996: 1984: 1972: 1970:, p. 158. 1960: 1958:, p. 383. 1956:Moschonas 1975 1925: 1913: 1901: 1889: 1885:Moschonas 1975 1877: 1875:, p. 157. 1860: 1845: 1843:, p. 156. 1833: 1831:, p. 236. 1821: 1809: 1794: 1792:, p. 155. 1782: 1780:, p. 238. 1770: 1758: 1746: 1744:, p. 153. 1731: 1727:Mackridge 2014 1714: 1712:, p. 237. 1702: 1700:, p. 382. 1698:Moschonas 1975 1686: 1684: 1681: 1547: 1544: 1499:Main article: 1496: 1493: 1457:Zakynthos town 1435: 1432: 1428:Constantinople 1367:. Chabot sent 1330: 1327: 1311:Fyodor Ushakov 1291:Russian Empire 1286: 1283: 1204: 1201: 1152:Corsican Greek 1122: 1119: 964: 961: 955:loan with the 783: 780: 659: 656: 568:Russian Empire 564:Greek Orthodox 541:William Miller 450:Ionian Islands 435: 432: 395:(Aegean Sea). 357:Ionian Islands 331: 330: 325: 321: 320: 317: 316: 313: 312: 305: 296: 293: 292: 287: 275: 274: 269: 259: 258: 255: 254: 251: 250: 247: 246: 243: 237: 234: 233: 230: 224: 221: 220: 217: 211: 208: 207: 204: 201: 198: 197: 194: 188: 185: 184: 181: 180: 175: 174:Historical era 171: 170: 167: 166: 163: 162: 157: 154: 151: 150: 145: 142: 139: 138: 133: 130: 127: 126: 123: 122: 119: 113: 112: 107: 101: 100: 98: 94: 93: 88: 84: 83: 69: 68: 63: 55: 54: 51: 50: 46: 45: 35: 34: 33:Ionian Islands 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5812: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5744:Royal Phalanx 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5707: 5701: 5700: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5689: 5687: 5686: 5682: 5680: 5679: 5675: 5673: 5672: 5668: 5666: 5665: 5661: 5659: 5658: 5654: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5645: 5644: 5640: 5638: 5637: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5576: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5529:George Finlay 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5435: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5390: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5341:Financial aid 5339: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5271:Ibrahim Pasha 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5226:Hurshid Pasha 5224: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5032: 5027: 5026:German Legion 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4950: 4949: 4945: 4944: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4907:George Jarvis 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4877:Thomas Gordon 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4852:Lord Cochrane 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4796: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4749:Pieros Voidis 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4734:Domna Visvizi 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4714:Loukas Vagias 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4479:Zachos Milios 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4469:Spyros Milios 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3963: 3962:Personalities 3957: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3942: 3940: 3936: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3836: 3832: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3820: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3772: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3752: 3751: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3599: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3443: 3437: 3436:2nd Acropolis 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3396:1st Acropolis 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3358: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3326: 3322: 3316: 3313: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3224: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3142: 3141: 3140:Filiki Eteria 3138: 3136: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3128:Organizations 3126: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3099:Rigas Feraios 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3015: 3014: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2927: 2921: 2916: 2909: 2904: 2902: 2897: 2895: 2890: 2889: 2886: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2833:Venetian rule 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2782: 2777: 2775: 2770: 2768: 2763: 2762: 2759: 2751: 2747: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2720: 2714: 2706: 2702: 2701: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2682: 2678: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2627:(in French). 2626: 2621: 2617: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2539: 2535: 2534: 2528: 2524: 2522:960-406-540-8 2518: 2514: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2490:(in German). 2489: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2445: 2440: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2349: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2234: 2231:, p. 24. 2230: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2159: 2156:, p. 29. 2155: 2150: 2147: 2143: 2138: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2053:, p. 26. 2052: 2047: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2009: 2006:, p. 25. 2005: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1985: 1981: 1976: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1762: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1646: 1640: 1635: 1634:Vasily Tomara 1630: 1623: 1618: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1590: 1589:head of state 1584: 1577: 1572: 1568: 1558: 1554: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1536: 1530: 1528: 1523: 1507: 1502: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1486: 1476: 1472: 1470: 1464: 1458: 1451: 1446: 1442: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1373: 1372: 1366: 1361: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1340: 1335: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1318: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1303:Sublime Porte 1300: 1296: 1292: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1231: 1230: 1221: 1216: 1212: 1210: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1184: 1181: 1175: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1046: 1040: 1034: 1033: 1026: 1025: 1018: 1017: 1012:in Greek) of 1009:πολιτομερίδια 1004: 999: 990: 986: 983: 979: 976: 971: 962: 960: 958: 954: 947: 942: 937: 929: 925: 921: 920:Rigas Feraios 917: 916: 911: 910: 904: 902: 898: 892: 887: 886:Olympic Games 883: 879: 874: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 840: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 816: 813: 806: 804: 798: 793: 789: 781: 779: 777: 776: 775:fait accompli 771: 765: 763: 757: 756: 750: 749: 744: 740: 735: 734: 726: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 707: 700: 698: 694: 690: 686: 678: 674: 671:. Napoleon's 670: 669: 664: 657: 655: 653: 648: 643: 638: 634: 630: 626: 621: 617: 612: 610: 605: 600: 594: 589: 585: 581: 577: 576:Greek Project 573: 569: 565: 561: 553: 548: 544: 542: 537: 536: 528: 525: 524: 517: 511: 505: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 445: 441: 433: 431: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 396: 393: 392: 387:(Ithaca) and 385: 384: 377: 376: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 342: 338: 329: 326: 324:Today part of 322: 306: 304: 301: 300: 297: 291: 288: 281: 280: 277: 276: 273: 270: 268: 265: 264: 260: 248: 244: 241: 231: 228: 218: 215: 205: 195: 192: 179: 176: 172: 168: 164: 161: 158: 149: 146: 137: 134: 120: 118: 111: 108: 99: 92: 89: 81: 75: 70: 66: 59: 52: 47: 44: 40: 36: 31: 19: 5697: 5692:Loukis Laras 5690: 5683: 5676: 5669: 5662: 5655: 5648: 5641: 5634: 5494:Edgar Quinet 5266:Yussuf Pasha 4976:Hadži-Prodan 4946: 4887:Emmanuel Han 4867:Adam Friedel 4817:Samuel Barff 4799:Philhellenes 3960: 3763: 3756: 3749: 3742: 3615:Thessaloniki 3361: 3288:Greek Legion 3277: 3181:Publications 3084:John Caradja 3045:Orlov Revolt 2924: 2853:British rule 2837: 2813:Roman period 2749: 2744: 2731: 2727: 2704: 2699: 2689: 2685: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2658: 2653: 2628: 2624: 2605: 2601: 2576: 2572: 2552: 2532: 2512: 2508: 2494:(1): 57–72. 2491: 2487: 2466: 2461: 2439: 2427: 2415: 2403: 2391: 2360: 2348: 2292: 2253: 2229:Baeyens 1973 2224: 2212: 2200: 2193:Baeyens 1973 2188: 2154:Baeyens 1973 2149: 2137: 2125: 2113: 2101: 2094:Baeyens 1973 2089: 2051:Baeyens 1973 2046: 2034: 2004:Baeyens 1973 1999: 1987: 1980:Heppner 1985 1975: 1963: 1921:Baeyens 1973 1916: 1904: 1897:Heppner 1985 1892: 1880: 1836: 1824: 1812: 1785: 1773: 1766:Baeyens 1973 1761: 1749: 1729:, p. 3. 1705: 1664: 1662: 1626: 1620:Flag of the 1583:provveditore 1552: 1549: 1531: 1518: 1489: 1485:Assos Castle 1481: 1437: 1388: 1362: 1343: 1322: 1314: 1288: 1267:aide-de-camp 1266: 1252: 1224: 1206: 1185: 1176: 1172: 1127: 1124: 1114:secularizing 1111: 1078: 1003:départements 995: 966: 938: 915:Marseillaise 913: 907: 905: 855: 844:liberty tree 841: 817: 807: 785: 773: 766: 746: 727: 701: 682: 666: 613: 580:Orlov Revolt 557: 550:Portrait of 529: 506: 447: 397: 336: 334: 272:Succeeded by 271: 266: 245:2 April 1800 232:3 March 1799 206:28 June 1797 5709:Remembrance 5600:Victor Hugo 5590:Louis Dupré 5246:Kara Mehmet 5241:Omer Vrioni 5077:Sacred Band 5029: [ 4089:Adam Doukas 3547:Lerna Mills 3411:Acrocorinth 2917:(1821–1829) 1856:Miller 1903 1829:Miller 1903 1817:Miller 1903 1778:Miller 1903 1710:Miller 1903 1637: [ 1595:. 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Knowledge

French rule in the Ionian Islands (1797–1799)

Index