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40:
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environment, its current head direction and running speed, as well as whether the animal is turning or plans to turn in the future. Many of these features of retrosplenial neurophysiology develop slowly as the animal learns to navigate within an environment, consistent with the idea that the retrosplenial cortex participates in the long-term storage of spatial memory.
133:
in primates, although in rodents it is located more towards the brain surface and is relatively larger. Its function is currently not well understood, but its location close to visual areas and also to the hippocampal spatial/memory system suggest it may have a role in mediating between perceptual
227:
suggest the region is important for using surrounding visual cues to carry out these tasks. Retrosplenial cortex is particularly responsive to permanent, non-moving environmental landmarksand is also implicated in using them to make spatial judgements. A review in 2023 suggested its function was
206:
while other neurons have correlated with movement parameters such as spatial location and running speed. Recent studies have shown that retrosplenial neuronal activity reflects multiple parameters simultaneously including which environment the animal is currently in, its spatial position in the
177:
There is large variation in the region's size across different species. In humans it comprises roughly 0.3% of the entire cortical surface whereas in rabbits it is at least 10% and in rats it extends for more than half the cerebrum dorso-ventrally, making it one of the largest cortical regions.
1071:
Pothuizen, Helen H. J.; Davies, Moira; Albasser, Mathieu M.; Aggleton, John P.; Vann, Seralynne D. (September 2009). "Granular and dysgranular retrosplenial cortices provide qualitatively different contributions to spatial working memory: evidence from immediate-early gene imaging in rats".
181:
On the basis of its microscopic cellular structure it is divided into dysgranular (area 30) and granular (area 29) regions. These have been divided into four areas: 29l, 29m, 30l, and 30m. It has dense reciprocal projections with the visual cortex, postsubiculum (also known as dorsal
1335:
Committeri, Giorgia; Galati, Gaspare; Paradis, Anne-Lise; Pizzamiglio, Luigi; Berthoz, Alain; LeBihan, Denis (November 2004). "Reference Frames for
Spatial Cognition: Different Brain Areas are Involved in Viewer-, Object-, and Landmark-Centered Judgments About Object Location".
1017:
Spreng, R. Nathan; Mar, Raymond A.; Kim, Alice S. N. (March 2009). "The Common Neural Basis of
Autobiographical Memory, Prospection, Navigation, Theory of Mind, and the Default Mode: A Quantitative Meta-analysis".
231:
It has also been suggested that retrosplenial cortex may translate between egocentric (self-centred) and allocentric (world-centred) spatial information, based upon its anatomical location between the
1739:
Pengas, George; Williams, Guy B.; Acosta-Cabronero, Julio; Ash, Tom W. J.; Hong, Young T.; Izquierdo-Garcia, David; Fryer, Tim D.; Hodges, John R.; Nestor, Peter J. (2012).
1379:
Galati, Gaspare; Pelle, Gina; Berthoz, Alain; Committeri, Giorgia (26 February 2010). "Multiple reference frames used by the human brain for spatial perception and memory".
1563:
Destrade, C; Ott, T (2 December 1982). "Is a retrosplenial (cingulate) pathway involved in the mediation of high frequency hippocampal rhythmical slow activity (theta)?".
596:
125:. It is secondary association cortex, making connections with numerous other brain regions. The region's name refers to its anatomical location immediately behind the
312:. There are also experimental findings showing that layer 5 of the retrosplenial cortex is likely responsible for dissociative states of consciousness in mammals.
3165:
707:
Chen, Longtang L.; Lin, Lie-Huey; Green, Edward J.; Barnes, Carol A.; McNaughton, Bruce L. (September 1994). "Head-direction cells in the rat posterior cortex".
1520:
Maguire, Eleanor A.; Valentine, Elizabeth R.; Wilding, John M.; Kapur, Narinder (16 December 2002). "Routes to remembering: the brains behind superior memory".
202:
Neurophysiological studies of retrosplenial cortex have mainly been done in rats. Early work showed that around 8.5% of neurons in the retrosplenial cortex are
1608:"Human Retrosplenial Cortex Displays Transient Theta Phase Locking with Medial Temporal Cortex Prior to Activation during Autobiographical Memory Retrieval"
134:
and memory functions, particularly in the spatial domain. However, its exact contribution to either space or memory processing has been hard to pin down.
1696:
Pengas, George; Hodges, John R.; Watson, Peter; Nestor, Peter J. (January 2010). "Focal posterior cingulate atrophy in incipient
Alzheimer's disease".
2047:
1919:
254:
activation in their retrosplenial cortex than normal controls when doing so. This is thought to be due to their use of a spatial learning strategy or
2038:
2024:
580:
573:
Brodmann's
Localisation in the cerebral cortex the principles of comparative localisation in the cerebral cortex based on cytoarchitectonics
650:"The Retrosplenial Cortex: Intrinsic Connectivity and Connections with the (Para)Hippocampal Region in the Rat. An Interactive Connectome"
850:
Alexander, Andrew S.; Nitz, Douglas A. (2015-08-01). "Retrosplenial cortex maps the conjunction of internal and external spaces".
88:
2923:
750:
Cho, J; Sharp, PE (February 2001). "Head direction, place, and movement correlates for cells in the rat retrosplenial cortex".
2511:
2203:
337:
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1912:
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294:
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Vann, Seralynne D.; Aggleton, John P.; Maguire, Eleanor A. (8 October 2009). "What does the retrosplenial cortex do?".
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whereby they can recognise and identify environmental landmarks, but are unable to use them to orientate themselves.
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247:
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309:
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2385:
2368:
2308:
1905:
187:
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2320:
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1792:"Retrosplenial Cortex (BA 29) Volumes in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease"
1741:"Retrosplenial Cortex (BA 29) Volumes in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease"
366:
Vogt, B. A. (1976-09-01). "Retrosplenial cortex in the rhesus monkey: a cytoarchitectonic and Golgi study".
270:
3047:
2113:
2011:
1965:
1027:
301:
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Vogt, Brent A.; Rosene, Douglas L. (2023). "Comparison of monkey and human retrosplenial neurocytology".
3034:
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2807:
2707:
467:
Mitchell, Anna S.; Czajkowski, Rafal; Zhang, Ningyu; Jeffery, Kate; Nelson, Andrew J. D. (2018-03-19).
1473:"Anchoring the neural compass: Coding of local spatial reference frames in human medial parietal lobe"
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81:
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amnesia when damaged. People with lesions involving the retrosplenial cortex also display a form of
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Tan, Rachel H.; Wong, Stephanie; Hodges, John R.; Halliday, Glenda M.; Hornberger, Michael (2013).
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906:"Retrosplenial Cortical Representations of Space and Future Goal Locations Develop with Learning"
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960:"Cues, context, and long-term memory: the role of the retrosplenial cortex in spatial cognition"
1227:
Auger, Stephen D.; Mullally, Sinéad L.; Maguire, Eleanor A.; Baker, Chris I. (17 August 2012).
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1424:"Remembering the past and imagining the future: A neural model of spatial memory and imagery"
1288:"Assessing the mechanism of response in the retrosplenial cortex of good and poor navigators"
571:
notes, K. Brodmann; translated with editorial; Garey, an introduction by
Laurence J. (2006).
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2015:
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studies implicate the retrosplenial cortex in a wide range of cognitive functions including
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1992:
1980:
1975:
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Valenstein, E; Bowers, D; Verfaellie, M; Heilman, KM; Day, A; Watson, RT (December 1987).
220:
130:
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The retrosplenial cortex is one of the first regions to undergo pathological changes in
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994:
959:
958:
Miller, Adam M. P.; Vedder, Lindsey C.; Law, L. Matthew; Smith, David M. (2014-08-05).
930:
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792:"Dual-Factor Representation of the Environmental Context in the Retrosplenial Cortex"
274:
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114:
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Foster, B. L.; Kaveh, A.; Dastjerdi, M.; Miller, K. J.; Parvizi, J. (19 June 2013).
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Czajkowski, R.; Jayaprakash, B.; Wiltgen, B.; Rogerson, T.; Guzman-Karlsson, M. C.;
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887:
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403:
17:
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1941:
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1116:
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557:
453:
266:
183:
273:, there is theta band interaction between the retrosplenial cortex and the medial
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1933:
1439:
232:
191:
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1862:
1392:
921:
763:
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Sugar, Jorgen; Witter, Menno P.; van Strien, Niels; Cappaert, Natalie (2011).
236:
72:
39:
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The retrosplenial cortex is one of several brain areas that produces both an
2467:
1145:
1041:
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Vann, Seralynne D.; Aggleton, John P.; Maguire, Eleanor A. (November 2009).
223:, navigation, imagining future events and processing scenes more generally.
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728:
379:
3083:
1121:"Encoding and storage of spatial information in the retrosplenial cortex"
791:
517:
395:
305:
255:
126:
94:
1471:
Marchette, Steven; Vass, Lindsay; Ryan, Jack; Epstein, Russell (2014).
1178:
Yoder, Ryan M.; Clark, Benjamin J.; Taube, Jeffrey S. (November 2011).
720:
1807:
626:
228:"spatial navigation and localization of personally relevant objects".
2619:
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863:
533:
437:
250:
are able to perform outstanding feats of memory and show increased
3078:
1533:
790:
Miller, Adam M P; Serrichio, Anna C; Smith, David M (2021-05-01).
60:
251:
216:
1901:
904:
Miller, Adam M.P.; Mau, William; Smith, David M. (June 2019).
141:
44:
Medial surface of the brain with
Brodmann's areas numbered.
1286:
Auger, Stephen D.; Maguire, Eleanor A. (November 2013).
469:"Retrosplenial cortex and its role in spatial cognition"
1422:
Byrne, Patrick; Becker, Suzanna; Burgess, Neil (2007).
158:
1839:"Deep posteromedial cortical rhythm in dissociation"
1229:"Retrosplenial Cortex Codes for Permanent Landmarks"
3114:
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2104:
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1956:
1949:
1940:
1119:; Trachtenberg, J. T.; Silva, A. J. (27 May 2014).
243:(which integrates egocentric sensory information).
71:
59:
54:
49:
32:
3138:Some categorizations are approximations, and some
1125:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1913:
8:
595:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1180:"Origins of landmark encoding in the brain"
2889:
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1953:
1946:
1920:
1906:
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1796:Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders
38:
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1837:Vesuna, S; et al. (September 2020).
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1203:
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823:
683:
665:
492:
518:"What does the retrosplenial cortex do?"
355:
319:
608:
606:
588:
92:
29:
3166:Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere
953:
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7:
1710:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.03.014
575:(3rd ed.). New York: Springer.
419:
417:
415:
413:
368:The Journal of Comparative Neurology
361:
359:
2830:Lateral (frontal+parietal+temporal)
265:The region also displays slow-wave
27:Part of the brain's cerebral cortex
25:
1338:Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
1020:Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
1086:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06881.x
1074:European Journal of Neuroscience
615:Journal of Comparative Neurology
336:
322:
145:
89:Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
2924:Posterior parahippocampal gyrus
2866:Collateral (temporal+occipital)
1745:Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
964:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
473:Brain and Neuroscience Advances
2512:Secondary somatosensory cortex
2204:Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
1624:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0513-13.2013
1:
3127:Poles of cerebral hemispheres
2861:Cingulate (frontal+cingulate)
1661:Brain: A Journal of Neurology
654:Frontiers in Neuroinformatics
235:(where there are allocentric
2500:Primary somatosensory cortex
1577:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90975-1
1304:10.1016/j.cortex.2013.08.002
1254:10.1371/journal.pone.0043620
295:topographical disorientation
2592:Transverse occipital sulcus
1440:10.1037/0033-295X.114.2.340
1381:Experimental Brain Research
709:Experimental Brain Research
522:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
426:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
3182:
3004:Isthmus of cingulate gyrus
2825:Central (frontal+parietal)
2560:Occipital pole of cerebrum
1196:10.1016/j.tins.2011.08.004
248:World Memory Championships
3135:
2661:Transverse temporal gyrus
2524:Posterior parietal cortex
1863:10.1038/s41586-020-2731-9
1393:10.1007/s00221-010-2168-8
922:10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.034
764:10.1037/0735-7044.115.1.3
310:mild cognitive impairment
271:autobiographical memories
269:and when people retrieve
239:representations) and the
87:
37:
2782:Inferior temporal sulcus
2703:Superior temporal sulcus
2386:Inferior parietal lobule
2369:Superior parietal lobule
2309:Supplementary motor area
1758:10.3389/fnagi.2012.00017
1674:10.1093/brain/110.6.1631
1350:10.1162/0898929042568550
977:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00586
667:10.3389/fninf.2011.00007
485:10.1177/2398212818757098
188:anterior thalamic nuclei
117:in the brain comprising
2787:Inferior temporal gyrus
2731:Occipitotemporal sulcus
2677:Superior temporal gyrus
2570:Lateral occipital gyrus
2321:Supplementary eye field
2062:Inferior frontal sulcus
2057:Superior frontal sulcus
1657:"Retrosplenial amnesia"
1612:Journal of Neuroscience
1184:Trends in Neurosciences
1146:10.1073/pnas.1313222111
1042:10.1162/jocn.2008.21029
752:Behavioral Neuroscience
3048:Fimbria of hippocampus
2114:Superior frontal gyrus
2012:Inferior frontal gyrus
1966:Superior frontal gyrus
808:10.1093/cercor/bhaa386
3035:Hippocampal formation
2894:Parahippocampal gyrus
2708:Middle temporal gyrus
1698:Neurobiology of Aging
380:10.1002/cne.901690105
66:regio retrosplenialis
3008:Retrosplenial cortex
2856:Longitudinal fissure
2748:Medial temporal lobe
2425:Intraparietal sulcus
2285:Primary motor cortex
2182:Orbitofrontal cortex
2131:Medial frontal gyrus
1988:Middle frontal gyrus
1428:Psychological Review
916:(12): 2083–2090.e4.
258:device known as the
204:head direction cells
107:retrosplenial cortex
33:Retrosplenial cortex
18:Retrosplenial region
2985:Posterior cingulate
2395:Supramarginal gyrus
1855:2020Natur.586...87V
1618:(25): 10439–10446.
1522:Nature Neuroscience
1477:Nature Neuroscience
1245:2012PLoSO...743620A
1137:2014PNAS..111.8661C
852:Nature Neuroscience
302:Alzheimer's disease
246:Competitors in the
3043:Hippocampal sulcus
2963:Anterior cingulate
2840:Preoccipital notch
2441:Paracentral lobule
2411:Parietal operculum
2333:Frontal eye fields
2265:Paracentral sulcus
2253:Paracentral lobule
2154:Paraolfactory area
2150:Paraterminal gyrus
721:10.1007/BF00243212
157:. You can help by
3148:
3147:
3092:
3091:
2917:Postrhinal cortex
2912:Perirhinal cortex
2907:Entorhinal cortex
2879:
2878:
2835:Parieto-occipital
2802:
2801:
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2639:
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2496:Postcentral gyrus
2348:
2347:
2273:
2272:
2093:
2092:
2085:Precentral sulcus
2048:Pars triangularis
1808:10.1159/000346392
1483:(11): 1598–1606.
1298:(10): 2904–2913.
1131:(23): 8661–8666.
627:10.1002/cne.25561
621:(18): 2044–2061.
582:978-0-387-26919-1
267:theta rhythmicity
175:
174:
119:Brodmann areas 29
103:
102:
98:
16:(Redirected from
3173:
3074:Indusium griseum
2939:Cingulate cortex
2929:Prepyriform area
2890:
2815:
2695:Planum temporale
2651:
2632:Calcarine sulcus
2550:
2359:
2230:Olfactory sulcus
2216:Subcallosal area
2102:
2080:Precentral gyrus
2039:Pars opercularis
1954:
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1922:
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1908:
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1802:(3–4): 177–182.
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1344:(9): 1517–1535.
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858:(8): 1143–1151.
847:
838:
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827:
802:(5): 2720–2728.
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344:Brodmann area 30
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330:Brodmann area 29
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95:edit on Wikidata
42:
30:
21:
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3161:Cerebral cortex
3151:
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2875:
2871:Callosal sulcus
2849:Medial/inferior
2844:
2809:
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2724:Medial/inferior
2719:
2691:Wernicke's area
2665:Auditory cortex
2636:
2601:Medial/inferior
2596:
2535:
2484:
2480:Marginal sulcus
2434:Medial/inferior
2429:
2344:
2297:Premotor cortex
2269:
2239:
2098:Medial/inferior
2089:
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1936:
1930:cerebral cortex
1928:Anatomy of the
1926:
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1849:(7827): 87–94.
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1690:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1489:10.1038/nn.3834
1470:
1469:
1465:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1190:(11): 561–571.
1177:
1176:
1172:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1033:10.1.1.454.7288
1016:
1015:
1011:
957:
956:
947:
910:Current Biology
903:
902:
895:
864:10.1038/nn.4058
849:
848:
841:
796:Cerebral Cortex
789:
788:
779:
749:
748:
744:
706:
705:
701:
647:
646:
642:
612:
611:
604:
587:
583:
570:
569:
565:
534:10.1038/nrn2733
528:(11): 792–802.
515:
514:
510:
466:
465:
461:
438:10.1038/nrn2733
432:(11): 792–802.
423:
422:
411:
365:
364:
357:
353:
346:
341:
332:
327:
318:
283:
221:episodic memory
213:
200:
198:Neurophysiology
171:
165:
162:
155:needs expansion
140:
131:corpus callosum
99:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3179:
3177:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3153:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3140:Brodmann areas
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3106:Insular cortex
3102:
3100:
3098:Insular cortex
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2951:Subgenual area
2947:
2945:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2898:
2896:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2812:
2810:sulci/fissures
2804:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2736:Fusiform gyrus
2733:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2684:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2657:
2655:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2567:
2565:Occipital gyri
2562:
2556:
2554:
2547:
2545:Occipital lobe
2541:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2397:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2365:
2363:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2249:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2235:Orbital sulcus
2232:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2166:Straight gyrus
2163:
2162:
2161:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2041:
2027:
2025:Pars orbitalis
2018:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1962:
1960:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1902:
1895:
1894:
1829:
1782:
1731:
1688:
1667:(6): 1631–46.
1647:
1598:
1565:Brain Research
1555:
1512:
1463:
1434:(2): 340–375.
1414:
1387:(2): 109–120.
1371:
1327:
1278:
1219:
1170:
1107:
1080:(5): 877–888.
1063:
1026:(3): 489–510.
1009:
945:
893:
839:
777:
742:
699:
640:
602:
581:
563:
508:
459:
409:
354:
352:
349:
348:
347:
342:
335:
333:
328:
321:
317:
314:
282:
279:
260:method of loci
225:Rodent studies
212:
209:
199:
196:
173:
172:
152:
150:
139:
136:
101:
100:
91:
85:
84:
75:
69:
68:
63:
57:
56:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3178:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3143:
3141:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3058:Rhinal sulcus
3056:
3054:
3053:Dentate gyrus
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:Superolateral
2816:
2813:
2811:
2805:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:Superolateral
2652:
2649:
2647:
2646:Temporal lobe
2643:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2625:Lingual gyrus
2623:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2608:Visual cortex
2606:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2587:Lunate sulcus
2585:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:Superolateral
2551:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2404:Angular gyrus
2401:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:Superolateral
2360:
2357:
2355:
2354:Parietal lobe
2351:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1950:Superolateral
1948:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1534:10.1038/nn988
1531:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1239:(8): e43620.
1238:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1010:
1005:
1001:
996:
991:
987:
983:
978:
973:
969:
965:
961:
954:
952:
950:
946:
941:
937:
932:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
900:
898:
894:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
846:
844:
840:
835:
831:
826:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
786:
784:
782:
778:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
746:
743:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
703:
700:
695:
691:
686:
681:
677:
673:
668:
663:
659:
655:
651:
644:
641:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
609:
607:
603:
598:
592:
584:
578:
574:
567:
564:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
512:
509:
504:
500:
495:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
463:
460:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
420:
418:
416:
414:
410:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
362:
360:
356:
350:
345:
339:
334:
331:
325:
320:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
280:
278:
276:
275:temporal lobe
272:
268:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
241:parietal lobe
238:
234:
229:
226:
222:
218:
210:
208:
205:
197:
195:
193:
189:
185:
179:
169:
166:November 2014
160:
156:
153:This section
151:
148:
144:
143:
137:
135:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
115:cortical area
112:
108:
96:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
74:
70:
67:
64:
62:
58:
53:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
3137:
2901:
2178:Orbital gyri
2030:Broca's area
1942:Frontal lobe
1846:
1842:
1832:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1704:(1): 25–33.
1701:
1697:
1691:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1571:(1): 29–37.
1568:
1564:
1558:
1528:(1): 90–95.
1525:
1521:
1515:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1128:
1124:
1117:Barth, A. L.
1110:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1023:
1019:
1012:
967:
963:
913:
909:
855:
851:
799:
795:
755:
751:
745:
712:
708:
702:
657:
653:
643:
618:
614:
572:
566:
525:
521:
511:
476:
472:
462:
429:
425:
374:(1): 63–97.
371:
367:
299:
284:
264:
245:
230:
214:
201:
184:presubiculum
180:
176:
163:
159:adding to it
154:
110:
106:
104:
65:
2885:Limbic lobe
1934:human brain
758:(1): 3–25.
715:(1): 8–23.
287:anterograde
233:hippocampus
215:In humans,
192:hippocampus
186:) and with
55:Identifiers
3155:Categories
3142:span gyri.
2808:Interlobar
2505:3, 1 and 2
2245:Precentral
2106:Prefrontal
2072:Precentral
1958:Prefrontal
351:References
291:retrograde
237:place cell
73:NeuroNames
3122:Operculum
2670:41 and 42
2468:Precuneus
1889:221769346
1028:CiteSeerX
986:1662-5161
872:1546-1726
816:1047-3211
676:1662-5196
635:0021-9967
591:cite book
542:1471-003X
388:0021-9967
308:phase of
306:prodromal
281:Pathology
3084:Amygdala
2902:anterior
1881:32939091
1824:45735133
1816:23406695
1777:22783190
1726:34598530
1718:18455838
1642:23785155
1593:22294467
1550:13921255
1542:12483214
1507:25282616
1458:17500630
1409:23546010
1401:20186405
1366:15743957
1358:15601516
1322:24012136
1273:22912894
1233:PLOS ONE
1214:21982585
1165:24912150
1102:24868413
1094:19712100
1050:18510452
1004:25140141
940:31178316
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