101:
91:
31:
205:
296:
level their muskets at
Johnson. Johnson withdrew and the militia set out to Granville Bastion, the fortification on the southeast corner of the military works at Oyster Point and the traditional site for the inauguration of Carolinian governors. Johnson followed the march, shouting pleas at the soldiers to stop and obey his orders until he was shouted down by Rear Admiral Sir
279:
250:
In early
November, word arrived in Charleston of an approaching Spanish fleet. Leading community members expressed concern at the city's defensive works which, due to neglect owing at least in part to the detached disinterest of the proprietors, were in a dilapidated state. During the militia muster
172:
The
Revolution of 1719 led to the permanent end of proprietary rule in South Carolina and its recreation as a crown colony under a royal governor. It foreshadowed events 56 years later when — in September 1775 — royal governor Lord William Campbell was compelled to flee South Carolina due to growing
270:
The following day, the assembly - now calling itself a "convention of the people" - set forth a written petition of grievances to
Johnson. Responding to the petition, Johnson ordered the Commons House of Assembly dissolved and dispatched Provost Marshal Thomas Conyers to relay his orders. Conyers'
216:
By 1719, South
Carolinian legislative authority was vested in a bicameral body composed of the popularly elected Commons House of Assembly sitting as a lower chamber, and the Grand Council of the Lords Proprietors, which functioned both as an upper chamber and as a collegiate executive, though its
295:
had assembled in the city center and personally went to order their dispersal. Finding Parris among the militiamen, Johnson inquired “How durst ... appear in arms, contrary to ... orders?” When Parris ignored the inquiry, Johnson moved closer to the man, whereupon Parris ordered his soldiers to
274:
Concerned that a military review planned for
December 21 in Charleston would be used by the rebel faction to move against his government, Governor Johnson ordered militia Col. Alexander Parris to direct the parade's cancellation. Unknown to Johnson, Parris was among the conspirators and, despite
236:
of the Lords of
Proprietors, was unavailable to meet, however, the remaining seven proprietary lords considered Yonge's appeal and provided him with a response in the form of sealed letters addressed to their governor, Robert Johnson. Upon receiving the letters from Yonge, Johnson decided not to
327:
to withdraw the proprietary charter of South
Carolina and recreate it as a royal colony instead. By the following year, the revolutionary government's wishes were granted and direct, royal rule established. While the revolutionary government requested that Moore continue as royal governor,
307:
217:
day-to-day powers were exercised by a residential governor it appointed. Governance of South
Carolina by the proprietary lords has been characterized as ineffective and erratic. Their failure to adequately prepare for defense of the colony during the
271:
visit to the chamber of the
Commons House of Assembly was not welcomed by the members, who physically expelled him. The following day, the assembly unilaterally declared Col. Moore to be acting governor of South Carolina.
258:
The elections of November 26 brought the plotters and their sympathizers into a majority of the Commons House of Assembly. The new assembly convened on December 16 and were summoned by Governor Johnson for the
675:
342:
owing to increasing unrest in Charleston on the eve of the American Revolution. Control of the colony was then assumed by the revolutionary Committee of Safety. The following July, South Carolina ratified the
228:
In an effort to resolve tensions between the colonists and proprietors, the Commons House of Assembly dispatched Francis Yonge as their delegate to travel to London and meet with the proprietors. The
303:
At Granville Bastion, Col. Moore met the arriving soldiers and - in front of them - was sworn in as acting governor of South Carolina. The coup passed without fighting or bloodshed.
251:
called for the third week of that month, officers and soldiers began associating into an informal organization intent on usurping power from the proprietors. Among them was Colonel
169:
Popular discontent with the inefficiencies of proprietary rule, exacerbated by the Yamasee War of 1715-1717, has been cited as the precipitating cause of the Revolution of 1719.
197:, the two places being geographically non-contiguous. By 1710 the two regions had effectively ceased operating as a single political entity, resulting in the creation of the
680:
237:
share them with the Commons House of Assembly due to their inflammatory contents and, instead, dissolved the body, calling for new elections on November 26.
344:
338:
Royal rule effectively ended in South Carolina on March 26, 1776, when the governor, Lord William Campbell, was evacuated from the colony by the
100:
90:
263:. At the speech, Assemblyman Arthur Middleton publicly declared the assembly recognized only the authority of Johnson as a governor of
638:
513:
598:
416:
229:
335:
After surrendering the government to Nicholson, Moore served as Speaker of the Commons House of Assembly until his death in 1724.
665:
473:
371:
267:
and had decided that the Grand Council was an illegal body. Johnson was surprised to the point of inaction by the announcement.
194:
660:
324:
574:
538:
465:
670:
292:
198:
190:
155:
104:
53:
264:
125:
252:
133:
533:
182:
30:
361:
186:
366:
189:
to eight non-resident proprietary lords. European settlement of the area, however, was limited to
356:
566:
35:
Governor Johnson is confronted by Colonel Parris on East Bay Street on the morning of the putsch
634:
509:
412:
329:
201:– composed of the area centered around Albemarle County – and the Province of South Carolina.
159:
606:
297:
212:) vested governance of what was then the Province of Carolina in eight proprietary lords.
306:
204:
654:
260:
151:
72:
506:
Laboratory for Liberty: The South Carolina Legislative Committee System 1719--1776
628:
278:
218:
630:
Encyclopedia of the Age of Political Revolutions and New Ideologies, 1760-1815
339:
323:
Among the revolutionary government's first orders of business was to petition
233:
222:
282:
The location of Granville Bastion shown on a 1711 map of Charleston.
275:
assurances that he gave to the governor, did not cancel the review.
305:
203:
255:
and Arthur Skeene, the Speaker of the Commons House of Assembly.
162:
and the installation of Colonel James Moore, Jr. as the colony's
310:
In the aftermath of the Revolution of 1719, Francis Nicholson (
291:
On December 21, Johnson learned that up to 300 soldiers of the
64:
End of proprietary rule, establishment of a crown colony
411:. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 62–63.
173:
civil unrest on the eve of the American Revolution.
599:"South Carolina State Constitution, 1776 & 1778"
676:
Coups d'état and coup attempts in the United States
115:
78:
68:
60:
48:
40:
23:
221:created further strain between the people and the
508:. University of Kentucky Press. pp. 41–44.
466:"The South Carolina Revolution of 1719, Part 1"
534:""M" is for Moore, James, Jr. (ca. 1682–1724)"
8:
332:was instead installed by royal appointment.
314:) was appointed Governor of South Carolina.
300:, who had thrown in with the putschists.
29:
20:
593:
591:
345:United States Declaration of Independence
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
277:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
448:
388:
158:which resulted in the overthrow of the
446:
444:
442:
440:
438:
436:
434:
432:
430:
428:
681:Rebellions against the British Empire
560:
558:
556:
527:
525:
7:
402:
400:
398:
396:
394:
392:
166:ruler, a post he held until 1721.
94:Lords Proprietors of South Carolina
532:Edgar, Walter (December 6, 2018).
14:
627:Fremont-Barnes, Gregory (2007).
474:Charleston County Public Library
372:Sword of State of South Carolina
99:
89:
16:Military coup in South Carolina
504:Frakes, George Edward (2015).
409:Encyclopedia of North Carolina
208:The Carolina Charter of 1663 (
1:
575:University of South Carolina
571:South Carolina Encyclopedia
539:South Carolina Public Radio
697:
633:. Greenwood. p. 652.
199:Province of North Carolina
193:and what later was called
156:Province of South Carolina
54:Charleston, South Carolina
120:
83:
28:
407:Powell, William (2006).
666:Colonial South Carolina
181:Between 1663 and 1665,
315:
283:
213:
137:Col. Alexander Parris
661:1719 in North America
309:
281:
207:
183:Charles II of England
567:"Revolution of 1719"
225:-based proprietors.
187:Province of Carolina
357:1689 Boston revolt
316:
293:Charleston Militia
284:
214:
148:Revolution of 1719
105:Charleston Militia
24:Revolution of 1719
671:Conflicts in 1719
565:Towles, Louis P.
476:. January 9, 2020
362:Bacon's Rebellion
330:Francis Nicholson
230:Earl of Granville
160:Lords Proprietors
144:
143:
111:
110:
44:December 21, 1719
688:
645:
644:
624:
618:
617:
615:
613:
595:
586:
585:
583:
581:
562:
551:
550:
548:
546:
529:
520:
519:
501:
486:
485:
483:
481:
462:
423:
422:
404:
367:Gove's Rebellion
253:James Moore, Jr.
195:Albemarle County
150:was a bloodless
134:James Moore, Jr.
103:
93:
85:
84:
33:
21:
696:
695:
691:
690:
689:
687:
686:
685:
651:
650:
649:
648:
641:
626:
625:
621:
611:
609:
607:Rollins College
597:
596:
589:
579:
577:
564:
563:
554:
544:
542:
531:
530:
523:
516:
503:
502:
489:
479:
477:
464:
463:
426:
419:
406:
405:
390:
385:
380:
353:
321:
298:Hovenden Walker
289:
248:
243:
179:
140:
139:
136:
129:
107:
95:
56:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
694:
692:
684:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
653:
652:
647:
646:
640:978-0313049514
639:
619:
587:
552:
521:
515:978-0813162904
514:
487:
424:
417:
387:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
374:
369:
364:
359:
352:
349:
320:
317:
288:
285:
247:
244:
242:
239:
178:
175:
142:
141:
130:
126:Robert Johnson
122:
121:
118:
117:
113:
112:
109:
108:
98:
96:
88:
81:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
52:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
693:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
656:
642:
636:
632:
631:
623:
620:
608:
604:
600:
594:
592:
588:
576:
572:
568:
561:
559:
557:
553:
541:
540:
535:
528:
526:
522:
517:
511:
507:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
488:
475:
471:
467:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
443:
441:
439:
437:
435:
433:
431:
429:
425:
420:
418:9780807830710
414:
410:
403:
401:
399:
397:
395:
393:
389:
382:
377:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
354:
350:
348:
346:
341:
336:
333:
331:
326:
318:
313:
308:
304:
301:
299:
294:
286:
280:
276:
272:
268:
266:
262:
261:throne speech
256:
254:
245:
240:
238:
235:
231:
226:
224:
220:
211:
206:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
176:
174:
170:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
152:military coup
149:
138:
135:
128:
127:
119:
114:
106:
102:
97:
92:
87:
86:
82:
77:
74:
73:Military coup
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
629:
622:
610:. Retrieved
602:
578:. Retrieved
570:
543:. Retrieved
537:
505:
478:. Retrieved
469:
408:
337:
334:
322:
311:
302:
290:
273:
269:
257:
249:
227:
215:
209:
185:granted the
180:
171:
168:
163:
147:
145:
131:
123:
116:Lead figures
18:
603:rollins.edu
480:January 19,
219:Yamasee War
655:Categories
383:References
340:Royal Navy
191:Charleston
177:Background
325:the Crown
319:Aftermath
287:Execution
124:Governor
612:April 3,
580:April 3,
545:April 3,
470:ccpl.org
351:See also
312:pictured
265:George I
246:Planning
234:Palatine
210:pictured
164:de facto
49:Location
154:in the
79:Parties
69:Methods
637:
512:
415:
223:London
378:Notes
132:Col.
61:Goals
635:ISBN
614:2019
582:2019
547:2019
510:ISBN
482:2024
413:ISBN
241:Coup
146:The
41:Date
657::
605:.
601:.
590:^
573:.
569:.
555:^
536:.
524:^
490:^
472:.
468:.
427:^
391:^
347:.
232:,
643:.
616:.
584:.
549:.
518:.
484:.
421:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
