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sacred emotions
Pugmire looks at the emotions which can be experienced equally in both contexts. These are "Love, humility, sorrow, pity, joy, serenity, ecstasy". Pugmire then suggests that devotional emotion is "The transfiguring of mundane emotion into what one might call emotion of the last instance, to the reception and expression of which religious imagery is especially well-suited, and not accidentally". The emotion of the last instance refers to the capacity of the emotional imagination to lose the sense of self and engage in the infinite and the ineffable. Pugmire suggests that religion "Provides a strikingly apt vocabulary for the expression of emotion of the last instance". Reverence is perhaps the most critical of these "emotions of the last instance" and can be adequately accessed through religious music.
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similar results to secular forms of reverence in patient recovery. "Because reverence includes an affective as well as a cognitive component, we see it as a form of positive feeling/emotion associated with injection of the sacred into various worldviews." Such positive emotions were believed to help in patient recovery. They found that traditional religious involvement improved health outcomes, and secular reverence reduced the likelihood of postoperative complications, but that "eligious reverence did not have the same beneficial effect as secular reverence on bypass recovery". They inferred that reverence "seems to enhance recovery following bypass".
225:, but "ithout reverence, rituals are empty". These ceremonial practices occur in various settings, including homes, meetings, voting, and religious contexts, shaping the backdrop for experiencing reverence. However, because these are banal and commonplace, the emotion of reverence often fades without us noticing. Woodruff contends that in a functioning society, reverence, ceremony, and respect remain indispensable even though their significance may go unnoticed. He clarifies that it's not reverence itself but rather the concept of reverence that is absent. Woodruff hopes for a renewed recognition of reverence in society.
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transcendent through the religion associated with the music. "Sacred music seems to have a surprising power over unbelievers not just to quicken or delight them as other music does, but also to ply them, as little else can, with what might be called devotional feelings". Even with this though, Pugmire argues that the secularist cannot fully comprehend the nature of sacred art including sacred music. "Its undoubted expressiveness can lead him at most to excesses of feeling, not to emotion in the fullest sense, i.e., emotion with appropriate objects sustained by appropriate judgments".
322:, which is crucial to having a fulfilling life. Maslow states that "wonder, awe, reverence, humility, surrender, and even worship before the greatness of the experience are often reported" in peak experiences. Religion is a possible, but not a necessary context for this. Indeed, religion can unfortunately sequester reverence: "'Religionizing' only one part of life secularizes the rest of it". Maslow contends that religion seeks to access reverence through ritual, but that the familiarity of the ritual can deaden any reverent feelings.
391:(EPCP), Thomas and Schlutsmeyer suggest that "everence felt in meaningful interpersonal connectedness is one starting point for the development of a larger sense of connection with the world and the many others (human and nonhuman) in it". They call this "transpersonal reverence" and make a case for the role of reverence as "a goal of therapy, a sign of optimal functioning". They believe a therapist must revere the patient and the patient must learn to revere others and themselves in order for the therapy to be effective.
297:", which also encompasses civility and reverence. There's a parallel between Greek and Chinese societies in that in both, notions of reverence flourished as polytheism gave way to agnosticism. In these changing circumstances, reverence endures and prospers because it addresses fundamental aspects of human life—family, hierarchy, and mortality. Woodruff argues that deviating from tradition does not necessarily imply irreverence, and he critiques
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transcendent, respect for others, and shame over one's own faults, when these emotions are appropriate. This definition encompasses respect, shame, and aspects. While recognizing the connection between reverence and religion, Woodruff argues that politics plays a significant role in this virtue. His goal in the book is to dispel the common misconception that reverent emotions are exclusively tied to religion.
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David
Pugmire's article, "The Secular Reception of Religious Music" explores the experience of reverence through music. In particular he looks at how religious music has the capacity to instill emotions of reverence, awe, wonder, and veneration in secular people who lack the context to understand the
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Great artists sometimes give concrete form to culturally derived beliefs, values, and group identities that propose profound meaning and purpose. Reverence for artworks that instantiate such central aspects of culture can buffer the existential anxiety that follows from reminders of the inevitability
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bestowed reverence and justice upon humanity so that society would survive. In classical Greek society, as illustrated in its surviving literature, reverence served as a motivating force, encouraging people to act justly and humbly to contribute to societal improvement. The feeling of awe toward what
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In the presence of death, says
Woodruff, an expectation of reverence is natural, though its expression is culturally-variant. Religions come and go, but cultural expressions of reverence are constant. "You need not believe in God to be reverent, but to develop an occasion for reverence you must share
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Woodruff asserts that true reverence pertains to aspects beyond human influence: the "ideal of unity," which transcends political concerns. The object of reverence may vary, encompassing God, unity, or anything surpassing human capabilities. Woodruff emphasizes that reverence values truth itself more
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explores the contemporary concept of reverence. He notes that both modern society and its discussions about ancient cultures in which reverence was prized, such as Greece and China, often lack a genuine understanding of reverence. Woodruff defines reverence as the ability to feel awe directed at the
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forms, "Emotions of reverence, solemnity, agape, hope, serenity, and ecstasy". But this classification of emotions poses an interesting question: can any emotion be purely religious? "A central candidate for a distinctively religious emotion would be reverence". But it is not entirely distinct from
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was able to claim reverence as our principal moral emotion without invoking any grounding theological basis for this." "Similarly for its bracing sibling, awe: it figures in our experience of the sublime, of which Kant purports to find an entirely secular account." To connect the secular and the
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Empirical studies on reverence are scarce. However, one intriguing study examined a "sense of reverence in religious and secular contexts" in 177 patients following a coronary artery bypass. The researchers sought to find if religious forms of reverence practiced through faith and prayer yielded
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Keltner and Haidt studied the importance of vastness and accommodation in experiencing awe. "Vastness refers to anything that is experienced as being much larger than the self"; accommodation means "adjusting mental structures that cannot assimilate a new experience". Their research how awe is
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Haidt notes that since Maslow studied peak experiences, little empirical research has been done to examine such experiences and the moral transformations associated with emotions such as gratitude, elevation, awe, admiration, and reverence. Haidt's own work in these areas suggests that potent
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experienced through moral, spiritual, and aesthetic means, helps us understand reverence. Their study includes a survey of previous literature about awe "in religion, philosophy, sociology, and psychology" and "elated states such as admiration, elevation, and the epiphanic experience".
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feelings of reverence may be associated with the peak experiences accompanying moral transformation which "seem to push a mental ‘reset button,’ wiping out feelings of cynicism and replacing them with feelings of hope, love, and optimism, and a sense of moral inspiration."
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emotions that are not related to transcendence or religion. "Reverence is indeed graver, and an attitude in which one is more given over, than its secular approximations in the shape of approval or esteem or respect". But this does not make it purely religious. In fact, "
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Paul
Woodruff examines the historical significance of reverence as a virtue. In both Ancient Greek and Chinese civilizations, reverence was a force that upheld social order and harmony. In Greek culture, reverence had roots in a myth crafted by
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Woodruff highlights the role of music, asserting that "everence cannot be expressed in a creed; its most apt expression is in music". He illustrates this idea through an analogy involving a quartet with varying skill levels performing a
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Ai, A. L.; Wink, P.; Tice, T. N.; Bolling, S. F.; Shearer, M. (2009). "Prayer and reverence in naturalistic, aesthetic, and socio-moral contexts predicted fewer complications following coronary artery bypass".
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of human mortality. Across history, cultures have revered art as a "forum for representing in an enduring medium those individuals who are held up as embodiments of virtue and lasting significance."
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than any human creation that attempts to represent truth. Furthermore, he posits that the primary focus of reverence is something that serves as a reminder of human limitations.
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a culture with others, and this must support a degree of ceremony." Religion is not required to provoke reverence, but rather religion depends on the emotion of reverence.
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Woodruff believes "rt speaks the language of reverence better than philosophy does" and connects most fluently with our preexisting reverential instincts.
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Landau, M. J.; Sullivan, D.; Solomon, S. (2010). "On graves and graven images: A terror management analysis of the psychological functions of art".
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sought for years for the basis of a new worldview. One day, while in a boat on the river in Gabon, it struck him with great force and clarity: "
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Thomas, Jill C.; Schlutsmeyer, Mark W. (2004). "A place for the aesthetic in experiential personal construct psychology".
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Pugmire believes that reverence belongs to the range of emotions that can be classified in their devotional or
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735:. Translated by Lemke, Antje Bultmann. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 154–55.
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47:, as it summarizes in-depth a few sources rather than giving an encyclopedic overview of the topic.
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to express reverence in the family context. He highlights the significance of the concept of "
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Keltner, D.; Haidt, J. (2003). "Approaching awe, a moral, spiritual, and aesthetic emotion".
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After examining classical Greek culture, Woodruff turns his attention to classical
Chinese
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Reverence is an organic human experience that requires no supernatural explanations.'
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111:, reverence is an emotion in its own right, and can be felt outside of the realm of
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318:, deals extensively with reverence. Reverence is an ingredient in what he terms a
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A Philosophical
Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
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Leitner, L. M.; Pfenninger, D. T. (1994). "Sociality and optimal functioning".
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They function within a well-defined hierarchy that is agreeable to all.
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Pugmire, David (2006). "The
Secular Reception of Religious Music".
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describes awe as passive, but reverence as active, noting that the
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146:, whereas feelings of reverence are associated more with active
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Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems
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transcends humanity helps people better respect one another.
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They collectively experience a sense of "inarticulate awe."
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The musicians collaborate harmoniously on a shared project.
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to greatness," reverence is seen more as "acknowledging a
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Spirituality for the skeptic: The thoughtful love of life
91:
The word "reverence" is often used in relationship with
426:
217:
According to
Woodruff, meaningful human life relies on
49:
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209:
In his book "Reverence: Renewing a
Forgotten Virtue,"
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The Work of Art in the Age of
Mechanical Reproduction
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may each act as the stimulus and focus of reverence.
118:
Whereas awe may be characterized as an overwhelming "
617:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 268.
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590:
Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations
247:
They transcend personal ego during the performance.
237:piece. In this scenario, reverence arises because:
150:and responsibility toward that which one reveres.
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795:
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632:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 40.
126:response to something excellent in a personal (
1523:
720:. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press.
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2349:
1053:
881:
879:
615:Emotions: An essay in aid of moral psychology
8:
4175:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
1827:
1666:
1657:
1424:
1002:
843:
841:
748:
746:
744:
742:
733:Out of My Life and Thought: An Autobiography
431:introducing citations to additional sources
338:
244:Their endeavor involves a sense of ceremony.
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3319:
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2326:indicate emotion names in foreign languages
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2456:Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues
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142:of awe (i.e., becoming awestruck) implies
134:) way, but qualitatively above oneself".
421:Relevant discussion may be found on the
16:Attitude of deep respect tinged with awe
2503:Values in Action Inventory of Strengths
718:Religions, Values, and Peak-Experiences
554:
315:Religions, Values, and Peak Experiences
694:Reverence: renewing a forgotten virtue
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
7:
953:Journal of Constructivist Psychology
923:Journal of Constructivist Psychology
888:European Review of Social Psychology
580:Gibbons, Kendyl R. (July 23, 2012).
387:From the standpoint of experiential
2488:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers
850:"The positive emotion of elevation"
696:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
76:is "a feeling or attitude of deep
14:
43:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
4393:
1769:
1763:
414:relies largely or entirely on a
403:
30:
2441:Catalogue of Vices and Virtues
756:Journal of Behavioral Medicine
1:
588:. XXVII No. 2 (Summer 2012).
389:personal construct psychology
4305:Aestheticization of politics
3090:
3081:
3058:
2278:Social emotional development
900:10.1080/10463283.2010.513266
731:Schweitzer, Albert (2009) .
3187:
3024:
3001:
1524:
716:Maslow, Abraham H. (1964).
628:Solomon, Robert C. (2002).
613:Roberts, Robert C. (2003).
291:
4472:
281:society, particularly the
18:
4373:
2321:
1761:
1021:10.1017/S0031819106000040
965:10.1080/10720530490483239
935:10.1080/10720539408405073
866:10.1037/1522-3736.3.1.33c
768:10.1007/s10865-009-9228-1
2211:in virtual communication
854:Prevention and Treatment
442:"Reverence" emotion
56:may contain suggestions.
41:may need to be rewritten
19:Not to be confused with
4325:Evolutionary aesthetics
4275:The Aesthetic Dimension
692:Woodruff, Paul (2001).
340:Ehrfurcht vor dem Leben
4436:Psychology of religion
4255:Avant-Garde and Kitsch
4205:Lectures on Aesthetics
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816:10.1080/02699930302297
339:
4451:Sociology of religion
4400:Philosophy portal
2905:Righteous indignation
804:Cognition and Emotion
4345:Philosophy of design
4225:In Praise of Shadows
4215:The Critic as Artist
2423:Bodhipakkhiyā dhammā
2248:Group affective tone
427:improve this article
21:Reverence (attitude)
4441:Religious practices
4355:Philosophy of music
4330:Mathematical beauty
2493:Theological virtues
2396:Positive psychology
2301:constructed emotion
1971:functional accounts
4421:Concepts in ethics
4350:Philosophy of film
4340:Patterns in nature
4310:Applied aesthetics
4285:Why Beauty Matters
4071:Life imitating art
3932:Art for art's sake
2925:Self-transcendence
2517:Individual virtues
2461:Nine Noble Virtues
2390:Nicomachean Ethics
2201:in decision-making
1442:(sense of purpose)
848:Haidt, J. (2000).
582:"Primal reverence"
395:Religion and music
335:Reverence for Life
4408:
4407:
4360:Psychology of art
4235:Art as Experience
3432:
3431:
3428:
3427:
2579:Conscientiousness
2446:Epistemic virtues
2331:
2330:
1918:Appeal to emotion
1696:Social connection
492:
491:
477:
347:Empirical studies
331:Albert Schweitzer
326:Albert Schweitzer
285:, where he finds
136:Robert C. Solomon
71:
70:
45:quality standards
4463:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4290:
4280:
4270:
4260:
4250:
4240:
4230:
4220:
4210:
4200:
4190:
4180:
4170:
4160:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3436:
3421:
3405:
3357:
3334:
3325:
3316:
3192:
3095:
3086:
3063:
3029:
3006:
2991:
2920:Self-cultivation
2473:Prussian virtues
2436:Cardinal virtues
2358:
2351:
2344:
2335:
2306:discrete emotion
2206:in the workplace
2102:Empathy quotient
1833:
1773:
1767:
1672:
1663:
1654:
1529:
1430:
1396:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1004:
977:
976:
948:
939:
938:
918:
912:
911:
883:
874:
873:
868:. Archived from
845:
836:
835:
799:
788:
787:
750:
737:
736:
728:
722:
721:
713:
698:
697:
689:
634:
633:
625:
619:
618:
610:
604:
603:
598:
596:
577:
571:
570:
559:
487:
484:
478:
476:
435:
407:
399:
383:Transpersonality
352:Patient recovery
342:
296:
107:. However, like
66:
63:
57:
34:
26:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4394:
4392:
4369:
4293:
4288:
4278:
4268:
4265:Critical Essays
4258:
4248:
4238:
4228:
4218:
4208:
4198:
4188:
4178:
4168:
4158:
4142:
3915:
3829:Ortega y Gasset
3622:
3534:
3468:
3463:
3433:
3424:
3367:
3285:
3112:
3039:
2989:
2512:
2498:Three Treasures
2415:Virtue families
2410:
2384:Moral character
2367:
2362:
2332:
2327:
2317:
2258:Jealousy in art
2001:in conversation
1923:Amygdala hijack
1836:
1774:
1768:
1759:
1748:sense of wonder
1076:
1066:
1036:
1006:
1005:
980:
950:
949:
942:
920:
919:
915:
885:
884:
877:
847:
846:
839:
801:
800:
791:
752:
751:
740:
730:
729:
725:
715:
714:
701:
691:
690:
637:
627:
626:
622:
612:
611:
607:
594:
592:
579:
578:
574:
561:
560:
556:
552:
542:Social emotions
514:
488:
482:
479:
436:
434:
420:
408:
397:
385:
376:
363:
354:
349:
328:
320:peak experience
307:
207:
202:
67:
61:
58:
48:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4469:
4467:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4413:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4335:Neuroesthetics
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4315:Arts criticism
4312:
4307:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4281:
4271:
4261:
4251:
4241:
4231:
4221:
4211:
4201:
4191:
4185:On the Sublime
4181:
4171:
4161:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4056:
4051:
4049:Interpretation
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3949:
3944:
3942:Artistic merit
3939:
3934:
3929:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3591:Psychoanalysis
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3413:
3406:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3326:
3317:
3308:
3301:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3087:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3055:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3021:
3014:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2524:Accountability
2520:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2426:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2386:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2311:somatic marker
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2285:
2283:Stoic passions
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2231:social sharing
2228:
2223:
2221:self-conscious
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2164:thought method
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2129:lateralization
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1956:classification
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1900:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1676:Sentimentality
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1512:at first sight
1509:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1436:
1431:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1250:Disappointment
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1042:
1035:
1034:
1015:(315): 65–79.
978:
959:(4): 313–335.
940:
929:(2): 119–135.
913:
875:
872:on 2000-12-13.
837:
810:(2): 297–314.
789:
762:(6): 570–581.
738:
723:
699:
635:
620:
605:
572:
567:Dictionary.com
553:
551:
548:
547:
546:
545:
544:
539:
537:Moral emotions
529:
524:
513:
510:
490:
489:
425:. Please help
411:
409:
402:
396:
393:
384:
381:
375:
372:
362:
359:
353:
350:
348:
345:
337:" (In German:
327:
324:
310:Abraham Maslow
306:
305:Abraham Maslow
303:
255:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
206:
203:
201:
198:
69:
68:
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4468:
4457:
4456:Virtue ethics
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4401:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4366:
4365:Theory of art
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4256:
4252:
4246:
4242:
4237:
4236:
4232:
4227:
4226:
4222:
4216:
4212:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4155:Hippias Major
4152:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4014:Entertainment
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3937:Art manifesto
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3927:Appropriation
3925:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3819:Merleau-Ponty
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3634:Abhinavagupta
3632:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3586:Postmodernism
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3448:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:Sportsmanship
2943:
2941:
2938:
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2933:
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2910:Righteousness
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2483:Seven virtues
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2431:
2430:Brahmavihārās
2427:
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2417:
2413:
2407:
2406:Virtue ethics
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:About virtues
2370:
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2347:
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2234:
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2227:
2224:
2222:
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2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
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2189:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2065:dysregulation
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2013:interpersonal
2011:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
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1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
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1937:
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1932:
1929:
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1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1866:in psychology
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1851:consciousness
1849:
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1845:
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1661:
1660:Schadenfreude
1656:
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1539:
1536:
1534:
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1528:
1527:
1526:Mono no aware
1522:
1520:
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1510:
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1504:
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1500:
1498:
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1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1378:Joie de vivre
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:Gratification
1345:
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1333:
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1325:
1323:
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1300:
1298:
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1285:
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1278:
1277:
1276:
1275:Embarrassment
1273:
1271:
1268:
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1263:
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1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:Belongingness
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
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1128:
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1123:
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991:
989:
987:
985:
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962:
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947:
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928:
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871:
867:
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844:
842:
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829:
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506:
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496:
486:
483:November 2019
475:
472:
468:
465:
461:
458:
454:
451:
447:
444: –
443:
439:
438:Find sources:
432:
428:
424:
418:
417:
416:single source
412:This section
410:
406:
401:
400:
394:
392:
390:
382:
380:
373:
371:
367:
360:
358:
351:
346:
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258:
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249:
246:
243:
240:
239:
238:
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230:
226:
224:
220:
215:
212:
211:Paul Woodruff
205:Paul Woodruff
204:
199:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
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159:
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102:
98:
94:
89:
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83:
79:
75:
65:
62:November 2019
55:
51:
46:
42:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
4283:
4273:
4263:
4233:
4223:
4203:
4193:
4183:
4173:
4163:
4153:
4112:
4100:
4076:Magnificence
4058:
3908:
3874:Schopenhauer
3709:Coomaraswamy
3627:Philosophers
3615:
3546:Aestheticism
3408:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3360:
3344:
3337:
3303:
3296:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3179:
3172:
3167:Brahmacharya
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3105:
3098:
3073:
3066:
3050:
3032:
3016:
3009:
2965:Tranquillity
2915:Self-control
2899:
2885:Renunciation
2843:Philanthropy
2838:Perspicacity
2798:Magnificence
2751:Intelligence
2731:Impartiality
2651:Faithfulness
2539:Authenticity
2465:
2451:Five virtues
2428:
2421:
2401:Trait theory
2388:
2323:
2263:Meta-emotion
2176:Emotionality
2149:responsivity
2097:and bullying
2092:intelligence
1902:Affectivity
1886:neuroscience
1856:in education
1439:
1400:Homesickness
1376:
1302:Enthrallment
1287:Emotion work
1150:Anticipation
1012:
1008:
956:
952:
926:
922:
916:
891:
887:
870:the original
857:
853:
807:
803:
759:
755:
732:
726:
717:
693:
629:
623:
614:
608:
600:
593:. Retrieved
585:
575:
566:
557:
497:
493:
480:
470:
463:
456:
449:
437:
413:
386:
377:
368:
364:
355:
329:
313:
308:
287:filial piety
276:
263:
259:
256:
231:
227:
216:
208:
170:philosophers
152:
117:
101:supernatural
90:
80:tinged with
73:
72:
59:
50:You can help
40:
4169:(c. 335 BC)
4159:(c. 390 BC)
4138:Work of art
4091:Picturesque
3947:Avant-garde
3904:Winckelmann
3779:Kierkegaard
3704:Collingwood
3674:Baudrillard
3601:Romanticism
3571:Historicism
3505:Mathematics
2985:Workmanship
2875:Punctuality
2793:Magnanimity
2716:Hospitality
2666:Forgiveness
2611:Discernment
2569:Cleanliness
2191:and culture
1996:recognition
1981:homeostatic
1881:forecasting
1830:Weltschmerz
1803:Misanthropy
1580:grandiosity
1462:Inspiration
1452:Infatuation
1420:Humiliation
1342:Frustration
1215:Contentment
894:: 114–154.
563:"reverence"
518:In Memoriam
120:sensitivity
4415:Categories
4108:Recreation
4086:Perception
3979:Creativity
3679:Baumgarten
3669:Baudelaire
3551:Classicism
3466:Aesthetics
3298:Auctoritas
3146:Aparigraha
3125:Adhiṭṭhāna
3107:Sophrosyne
3075:Eutrapelia
2960:Temperance
2940:Solidarity
2930:Simplicity
2890:Resilience
2865:Politeness
2833:Patriotism
2813:Moderation
2686:Good faith
2676:Generosity
2636:Equanimity
2616:Discipline
2574:Compassion
2268:Pathognomy
2169:well-being
2085:and gender
2080:expression
2075:exhaustion
2060:detachment
2045:competence
2026:Emotional
2008:regulation
1991:perception
1986:in animals
1936:and memory
1872:Affective
1780:Worldviews
1642:melancholy
1627:Resentment
1497:Loneliness
1472:Irritation
1457:Insecurity
1447:Indulgence
1322:Excitement
1307:Enthusiasm
1240:Depression
1200:Confidence
1195:Compassion
1170:Attraction
1095:Admiration
1090:Acceptance
1009:Philosophy
550:References
453:newspapers
299:relativism
267:Protagoras
166:philosophy
162:literature
148:engagement
124:subjective
103:, and the
86:veneration
4113:Reverence
4019:Eroticism
3989:Depiction
3962:Masculine
3864:Santayana
3824:Nietzsche
3769:Hutcheson
3759:Heidegger
3744:Greenberg
3699:Coleridge
3664:Balthasar
3649:Aristotle
3611:Theosophy
3606:Symbolism
3581:Modernism
3566:Formalism
3346:Humanitas
3092:Phronesis
3083:Philotimo
2935:Sincerity
2900:Reverence
2768:Judgement
2756:Emotional
2746:Integrity
2736:Innocence
2691:Gratitude
2671:Frugality
2661:Foresight
2641:Etiquette
2631:Endurance
2606:Diligence
2529:Alertness
2478:Scout Law
2379:Endowment
2296:appraisal
2236:sociology
2187:Emotions
2159:symbiosis
2144:reasoning
2114:isolation
2055:contagion
2040:blackmail
1966:expressed
1961:evolution
1951:and sleep
1941:and music
1876:computing
1823:Reclusion
1818:Pessimism
1793:Defeatism
1723:Suffering
1669:Sehnsucht
1612:Rejection
1563:self-pity
1538:Nostalgia
1507:limerence
1477:Isolation
1415:Hostility
1372:Happiness
1352:Gratitude
1297:Emptiness
1280:vicarious
1230:Curiosity
1205:Confusion
1145:Annoyance
1125:Amusement
1115:Agitation
1110:Affection
1105:Aesthetic
1100:Adoration
1029:170268208
973:145759101
908:144890110
527:Deference
423:talk page
279:Confucian
269:in which
200:Theorists
144:paralysis
132:spiritual
105:ineffable
74:Reverence
54:talk page
4426:Emotions
4388:Category
4320:Axiology
4189:(c. 500)
4179:(c. 100)
4054:Judgment
4009:Emotions
4004:Elegance
3984:Cuteness
3957:Feminine
3920:Concepts
3889:Tanizaki
3869:Schiller
3854:Richards
3844:Rancière
3814:Maritain
3749:Hanslick
3689:Benjamin
3561:Feminism
3530:Theology
3510:Medieval
3500:Japanese
3495:Internet
3339:Gravitas
3322:Dignitas
3068:Ataraxia
2950:Sympathy
2880:Religion
2870:Prudence
2828:Patience
2803:Meekness
2778:Kindness
2726:Humility
2721:Humanity
2656:Fidelity
2601:Courtesy
2564:Chivalry
2559:Chastity
2549:Charisma
2544:Calmness
2534:Altruism
2154:security
2134:literacy
2119:lability
2109:intimacy
2050:conflict
2030:aperture
1927:Emotion
1911:negative
1906:positive
1896:spectrum
1861:measures
1813:Optimism
1808:Nihilism
1798:Fatalism
1788:Cynicism
1733:Sympathy
1728:Surprise
1570:Pleasure
1492:Kindness
1482:Jealousy
1467:Interest
1434:Hysteria
1317:Euphoria
1260:Distrust
1210:Contempt
1190:Calmness
1082:Emotions
1069:Emotions
824:29715721
784:34733299
776:19856203
595:July 24,
586:UU World
522:Tennyson
512:See also
283:Analects
219:ceremony
168:, great
113:religion
93:religion
4383:Outline
4298:Related
4165:Poetics
4133:Tragedy
4123:Sublime
4096:Quality
4081:Mimesis
4039:Harmony
4024:Fashion
3999:Ecstasy
3994:Disgust
3910:more...
3879:Scruton
3804:Lyotard
3739:Goodman
3719:Deleuze
3654:Aquinas
3644:Alberti
3617:more...
3596:Realism
3576:Marxism
3556:Fascism
3539:Schools
3525:Science
3480:Ancient
3394:Sadaqah
3380:Ganbaru
3313:Decorum
3305:Caritas
3260:Śraddhā
3246:Shaucha
3211:Kshanti
3139:Akrodha
2994:Chinese
2895:Respect
2818:Modesty
2788:Loyalty
2773:Justice
2741:Insight
2701:Honesty
2696:Heroism
2626:Empathy
2584:Courage
2554:Charity
2467:Pāramīs
2365:Virtues
2324:Italics
2287:Theory
2243:Feeling
2196:history
2181:bounded
2139:prosody
1946:and sex
1931:and art
1891:science
1847:Affect
1841:Related
1716:chronic
1691:Shyness
1651:Saudade
1637:Sadness
1632:Revenge
1622:Remorse
1553:Passion
1543:Outrage
1533:Neglect
1393:Hiraeth
1292:Empathy
1270:Ecstasy
1255:Disgust
1225:Cruelty
1220:Courage
1185:Boredom
1165:Arousal
1155:Anxiety
1140:Anguish
832:1101237
532:Emotion
467:scholar
312:in his
178:artists
174:leaders
158:science
140:feeling
78:respect
4446:Ritual
4289:(2009)
4279:(1977)
4269:(1946)
4259:(1939)
4249:(1935)
4239:(1934)
4229:(1933)
4219:(1891)
4209:(1835)
4199:(1757)
4066:Kitsch
4044:Humour
3974:Comedy
3952:Beauty
3894:Vasari
3884:Tagore
3859:Ruskin
3799:Lukács
3789:Langer
3734:Goethe
3659:Balázs
3639:Adorno
3520:Nature
3485:Africa
3362:Virtus
3354:Pietas
3273:Upekṣā
3266:Saddhā
3232:Prajñā
3225:Muditā
3204:Kshama
3197:Karuṇā
3160:Asteya
3153:Ārjava
3132:Ahimsa
3117:Indian
3100:Sophia
2975:Wisdom
2853:Filial
2761:Social
2706:Honour
2291:affect
2273:Pathos
2226:social
2070:eating
1743:Wonder
1711:Stress
1701:Sorrow
1617:Relief
1607:Regret
1595:vanity
1590:insult
1585:hubris
1440:Ikigai
1410:Horror
1386:Hatred
1245:Desire
1235:Defeat
1160:Apathy
1027:
971:
906:
830:
822:
782:
774:
500:sacred
469:
462:
455:
448:
440:
235:Mozart
223:ritual
194:beauty
192:, and
190:wisdom
154:Nature
99:, the
52:. The
4431:Honor
4378:Index
4147:Works
4128:Taste
4118:Style
3899:Wilde
3839:Plato
3834:Pater
3794:Lipps
3754:Hegel
3724:Dewey
3714:Danto
3694:Burke
3515:Music
3490:India
3473:Areas
3418:Virtù
3372:Other
3331:Fides
3290:Latin
3280:Vīrya
3239:Satya
3218:Mettā
3181:Dhṛti
3060:Arete
3052:Agape
3044:Greek
2970:Trust
2955:Taste
2848:Piety
2808:Mercy
2681:Glory
2646:Faith
2594:Moral
2589:Civil
2508:Yamas
2216:moral
2124:labor
1976:group
1755:Worry
1738:Trust
1706:Spite
1686:Shock
1681:Shame
1575:Pride
1548:Panic
1427:Hygge
1367:Guilt
1362:Grief
1357:Greed
1327:Faith
1265:Doubt
1135:Angst
1130:Anger
1120:Agony
1025:S2CID
969:S2CID
904:S2CID
828:S2CID
780:S2CID
474:JSTOR
460:books
186:music
128:moral
4102:Rasa
4060:Kama
4034:Gaze
3969:Camp
3849:Rand
3784:Klee
3774:Kant
3764:Hume
3684:Bell
3410:Sisu
3402:Seny
3387:Giri
3253:Sevā
3174:Dāna
3011:Jing
2860:Pity
2783:Love
2711:Hope
2621:Duty
2035:bias
2020:work
1602:Rage
1558:Pity
1519:Lust
1502:Love
1405:Hope
1337:Flow
1332:Fear
1312:Envy
1073:list
820:PMID
772:PMID
597:2012
505:Kant
446:news
271:Zeus
221:and
4029:Fun
3809:Man
3729:Fry
3189:Hrī
3026:Ren
2980:Wit
1487:Joy
1175:Awe
1017:doi
961:doi
931:doi
896:doi
862:doi
812:doi
764:doi
520:by
429:by
374:Art
361:Awe
343:).
182:art
130:or
109:awe
97:god
82:awe
4417::
4257:"
4247:"
4217:"
3034:Yi
3018:Li
3003:De
1023:.
1013:81
1011:.
981:^
967:.
957:17
955:.
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925:.
902:.
892:21
890:.
878:^
860:.
856:.
852:.
840:^
826:.
818:.
808:17
806:.
792:^
778:.
770:.
760:32
758:.
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702:^
638:^
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293:li
188:,
184:,
180:,
176:,
172:,
164:,
160:,
156:,
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1019::
975:.
963::
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933::
927:7
910:.
898::
864::
858:3
834:.
814::
786:.
766::
569:.
485:)
481:(
471:·
464:·
457:·
450:·
433:.
419:.
64:)
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23:.
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