1208:
488:
VMAT2 is the CNS vesicular transporter for not only the biogenic amines DA, NE, EPI, 5-HT, and HIS, but likely also for the trace amines TYR, PEA, and thyronamine (THYR) ... neurons in mammalian CNS would be identifiable as neurons expressing VMAT2 for storage, and the biosynthetic enzyme
489:
aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). ... AMPH release of DA from synapses requires both an action at VMAT2 to release DA to the cytoplasm and a concerted release of DA from the cytoplasm via "reverse transport" through DAT.
27:
are moved in the opposite direction to that of their typical movement by the transporter. Transporter reversal typically occurs when a membrane transport protein is
518:
62:
by the cell which released them). During neurotransmitter reuptake, neurotransmitter transporters will move specific types of neurotransmitters from the
972:
1249:
240:"The emerging role of trace amine-associated receptor 1 in the functional regulation of monoamine transporters and dopaminergic activity"
1125:
1069:
82:(i.e., the movement of neurotransmitters from the cytosol to the extracellular space via transporter-mediated release, as opposed to
778:
424:
962:
511:
377:
Kasatkina LA, Borisova TA (November 2013). "Glutamate release from platelets: exocytosis versus glutamate transporter reversal".
1144:
1058:
107:
1130:
952:
606:
600:
1119:
891:
330:"A closer look at amphetamine-induced reverse transport and trafficking of the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters"
51:
1273:
1034:
807:
504:
90:, resulting in a higher concentration of synaptic neurotransmitters and increased signaling through the corresponding
873:
712:
699:
670:
615:
127:
99:
24:
1242:
1169:
686:
95:
91:
1268:
1063:
1009:
994:
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747:
742:
733:
1164:
1135:
1103:
933:
738:
694:
645:
576:
1045:
851:
1176:
1020:
753:
640:
131:
103:
1235:
1181:
1025:
878:
831:
453:
442:"VMAT2: a dynamic regulator of brain monoaminergic neuronal function interacting with drugs of abuse"
123:
802:
590:
63:
102:
efflux (i.e., the release of monoamine neurotransmitters from neurons into the synaptic cleft via
1029:
998:
729:
625:
86:
release). In neurons, transporter reversal facilitates the release of neurotransmitters into the
1098:
1003:
826:
619:
479:
420:
394:
359:
310:
269:
209:
1219:
1088:
882:
797:
551:
469:
461:
386:
349:
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259:
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143:
59:
1016:
928:
766:
761:
631:
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568:
148:
119:
28:
457:
708:
563:
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474:
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329:
264:
239:
204:
179:
87:
32:
1262:
944:
843:
835:
818:
757:
465:
255:
1215:
923:
789:
772:
527:
390:
1080:
1053:
986:
679:
559:
173:
171:
169:
167:
165:
163:
289:"The role of zinc ions in reverse transport mediated by monoamine transporters"
906:
721:
345:
83:
75:
415:
Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 3: Synaptic
Transmission".
287:
Scholze P, Nørregaard L, Singer EA, Freissmuth M, Gether U, Sitte HH (2002).
915:
865:
40:
483:
398:
363:
314:
305:
288:
273:
213:
1207:
195:
956:
55:
180:"Kinase-dependent Regulation of Monoamine Neurotransmitter Transporters"
580:
67:
44:
1093:
662:
542:
496:
71:
36:
417:
115:
111:
500:
419:(2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 61–65.
118:) and other monoamine transporters that are located along the
379:
78:. When these transporters operate in reverse, they produce
1223:
106:-mediated release) by triggering reverse transport at
1157:
1112:
1079:
1044:
985:
943:
914:
905:
864:
817:
788:
720:
707:
693:
678:
661:
654:
534:
23:, is a phenomenon in which the substrates of a
410:
408:
1243:
512:
8:
328:Robertson SD, Matthies HJ, Galli A (2009).
1250:
1236:
911:
717:
704:
658:
519:
505:
497:
178:Bermingham DP, Blakely RD (October 2016).
473:
353:
304:
263:
203:
233:
231:
229:
227:
225:
223:
159:
7:
1204:
1202:
293:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1222:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1126:Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
1070:Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor
440:Eiden LE, Weihe E (January 2011).
14:
1017:Acetylcholine receptor antagonist
779:Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
1206:
466:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05906.x
256:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07109.x
108:vesicular monoamine transporters
1145:Vasopressin receptor antagonist
1059:Cannabinoid receptor antagonist
1131:Endothelin receptor antagonist
995:Acetylcholine receptor agonist
754:Adrenergic receptor antagonist
1:
963:Glutamate receptor antagonist
879:Serotonin receptor antagonist
832:Histamine receptor antagonist
607:Negative allosteric modulator
601:Positive allosteric modulator
52:neurotransmitter transporters
50:The primary function of most
1120:Adenosine reuptake inhibitor
1054:Cannabinoid receptor agonist
973:Glutamate reuptake inhibitor
892:Serotonin reuptake inhibitor
803:Dopamine receptor antagonist
391:10.1016/j.biocel.2013.08.004
808:Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
730:Adrenergic receptor agonist
58:(i.e., the reabsorption of
1290:
1201:
1099:Opioid receptor antagonist
953:Glutamate receptor agonist
874:Serotonin receptor agonist
827:Histamine receptor agonist
238:Miller GM (January 2011).
122:of neurons (specifically,
100:monoamine neurotransmitter
96:monoamine releasing agents
92:neurotransmitter receptors
25:membrane transport protein
798:Dopamine receptor agonist
346:10.1007/s12035-009-8053-4
244:Journal of Neurochemistry
56:neurotransmitter reuptake
1064:Endocannabinoid enhancer
1010:Cholinesterase inhibitor
929:GABA receptor antagonist
1104:Enkephalinase inhibitor
1094:Opioid receptor agonist
934:GABA reuptake inhibitor
639:♦ Miscellaneous:
80:neurotransmitter efflux
1218:-related article is a
687:Ion channel modulators
334:Molecular Neurobiology
306:10.1074/jbc.M112265200
924:GABA receptor agonist
196:10.1124/pr.115.012260
104:monoamine transporter
94:. For example, many
446:Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci
21:transporter reversal
1140:receptor antagonist
458:2011NYASA1216...86E
64:extracellular space
1274:Pharmacology stubs
528:Pharmacomodulation
1231:
1230:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1153:
1152:
981:
980:
901:
900:
671:Enzyme inhibition
385:(11): 2585–2595.
60:neurotransmitters
54:is to facilitate
17:Reverse transport
1281:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1210:
1203:
1170:Enzyme cofactors
1089:Opioid modulator
1046:Cannabinoidergic
912:
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299:(24): 21505–13.
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218:
217:
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144:Active transport
31:by a particular
1289:
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1269:Neurophysiology
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813:
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650:
596:Inverse agonist
586:Partial agonist
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149:Releasing agent
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120:plasma membrane
110:(specifically,
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250:(2): 164–176.
219:
190:(4): 888–953.
184:Pharmacol. Rev
158:
156:
153:
152:
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146:
139:
136:
88:synaptic cleft
35:, which is an
33:protein kinase
29:phosphorylated
13:
10:
9:
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1158:Miscellaneous
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945:Glutamatergic
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824:
822:
820:
819:Histaminergic
816:
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771:
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426:9780071481274
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69:
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42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
1224:expanding it
1216:pharmacology
1213:
1198:
1180:
1168:
866:Serotonergic
790:Dopaminergic
669:
487:
452:(1): 86–98.
449:
445:
435:
416:
382:
378:
372:
340:(2): 73–80.
337:
333:
323:
296:
292:
282:
247:
243:
187:
183:
79:
49:
39:that adds a
20:
16:
15:
1182:Amino acids
1081:Opioidergic
987:Cholinergic
700:transporter
680:Ion channel
616:Transporter
560:Ion channel
1263:Categories
1030:Ganglionic
1021:Muscarinic
999:Muscarinic
722:Adrenergic
591:Antagonist
155:References
84:exocytotic
76:glial cell
1177:Precursor
1026:Nicotinic
1004:Nicotinic
916:GABAergic
641:Precursor
626:Inhibitor
552:Inhibitor
66:into the
43:group to
41:phosphate
1165:Cofactor
1035:Muscular
695:Receptor
646:Cofactor
632:Releaser
620:Enhancer
614:♦
577:Receptor
575:♦
558:♦
541:♦
484:21272013
399:23994539
364:19199083
315:11940571
274:21073468
214:27591044
138:See also
45:proteins
1122:(AdoRI)
1072:(eCBRI)
655:Classes
581:Agonist
569:Blocker
547:Inducer
475:4183197
454:Bibcode
355:2729543
265:3005101
205:5050440
68:cytosol
1066:(eCBE)
663:Enzyme
564:Opener
543:Enzyme
482:
472:
423:
397:
362:
352:
313:
272:
262:
212:
202:
130:, and
98:cause
72:neuron
37:enzyme
1214:This
1179:(see
1167:(see
1113:Other
936:(GRI)
894:(SRI)
810:(DRI)
781:(NRI)
697:&
609:(NAM)
603:(PAM)
535:Types
116:VMAT2
112:VMAT1
70:of a
19:, or
1220:stub
967:NMDA
957:AMPA
883:5-HT
685:See
668:see
634:(RA)
628:(RI)
622:(RE)
480:PMID
450:1216
421:ISBN
395:PMID
360:PMID
311:PMID
270:PMID
210:PMID
132:SERT
114:and
470:PMC
462:doi
387:doi
350:PMC
342:doi
301:doi
297:277
260:PMC
252:doi
248:116
200:PMC
192:doi
134:).
128:NET
124:DAT
74:or
1265::
1136:NK
1037:))
1006:)
907:AA
750:))
709:BA
618::
579::
562::
545::
486:.
478:.
468:.
460:.
448:.
444:.
407:^
393:.
383:45
381:.
358:.
348:.
338:39
336:.
332:.
309:.
295:.
291:.
268:.
258:.
246:.
242:.
222:^
208:.
198:.
188:68
186:.
182:.
162:^
126:,
47:.
1251:e
1244:t
1237:v
1226:.
1185:)
1173:)
1138:1
1028:(
1019:(
997:(
969:)
965:(
959:)
955:(
888:)
885:3
881:(
857:)
854:3
852:H
846:2
844:H
838:1
836:H
834:(
775:)
773:β
769:)
767:2
762:1
760:(
758:α
756:(
748:2
743:1
741:(
739:β
734:α
732:(
713:M
711:/
520:e
513:t
506:v
464::
456::
429:.
401:.
389::
366:.
344::
317:.
303::
276:.
254::
216:.
194::
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