285:
silence the ability of users to leave reviews but recognized they needed to highlight phenomena like review bombs to aid customers. In March 2019, Valve stated that it would employ a new system to detect spikes of negative "off-topic" reviews on games: if it is determined that they were the result of a review bomb campaign, the time period will be flagged, and all reviews made during that period (whether negative or positive) will be excluded from the user rating displayed for a game. This system was first publicly triggered upon the
2197:
43:
attention to perceived political or cultural issues, perhaps especially if the vendor seems unresponsive or inaccessible to direct feedback. Review bombing also typically takes place over a short period of time and meant to disrupt established ratings that a product already has at review sites, sometimes backed by campaigns organized through online message boards. It may be used as a mass-movement-driven
460:. However, players still upset over several faults with the game's launch attempted to review bomb the game on Steam at this point. The game's community worked to counter this review bomb by posting positive experiences and reviews of the game at Steam and at other community sites to prove the game had been much improved upon the initial release.
147:. However, it may be a symptom of decreased customer goodwill, which can have a more long-lasting effect on the publisher, developers or game series being criticized. Depending on how such situations are resolved, the effects of a review bomb may be reversed by the removal of negative reviews as in the case of
106:
citing the game's perceived lackluster gameplay and digital rights management system. Kuchera wrote "Review-bombing Amazon is a particularly nasty way of getting the point across as well; casual gamers who aren't aware of this campaign may not bother to read the content of the reviews and only assume
435:
used social media to ask for help from fans, who responded by posting positive reviews of the game in an effort to cancel out the negative review bomb. When
Metacritic became aware of the review bombing, the negative reviews were removed from the game's page but the positive reviews that were posted
284:
user review scores to show how these change over time; according to Valve's Alden Kroll, this can help a potential purchaser of a game recognize a short term review bomb that is not indicative of the game itself, compared to a game that has a long tail of bad reviews. Kroll said they did not want to
126:
The increasing prevalence of review bombing was precipitated by the increase in influence of online user reviews in the main storefronts where games are sold, combined with little to no oversight of the content of these reviews. This is particularly true in the case of Steam, the predominant seller
305:
In 2018, Rotten
Tomatoes attempted to broaden and diversify its list of approved critics, who were largely white and male, in an attempt to improve its rating experience. By March 2019, the site no longer accepted audience reviews of a film until after its premiere, as part of an effort to counter
173:
Theatrical films and television series have also been subject to review bombing, typically due to perceived social issues related to the cast and crew and not due to any aspect of the film or series itself. This extends not only to user review scores on sites like Rotten
Tomatoes but to the film's
338:
in July 2020, Metacritic added a 36-hour delay for user reviews to be added for a newly released game, with users given the message "Please spend some time playing the game" during this period. This was intended to prevent users from adding reviews without having completed a game and minimize the
331:
by TurtleBlaze was review bombed on
Metacritic, decreasing its user rating from 8.1 to 1.7 within a day. The studio, having no idea what they had done to trigger this, found that the review bomb was initiated by a single user, using numerous freshly created email addresses to register accounts at
376:
was panned upon its launch with a sub-50% Metacritic aggregate score as well as negative user reviews early after its release, but after a few days, a suspect reverse review bomb began with users submitting perfect reviews with similar commentary to reverse the user trend's scores towards a more
42:
online in an attempt to harm the sales or popularity of a product, a service, or a business. While a large number of negative reviews may simply be the result of a large number of customers independently criticizing something for poor quality, a review bomb may also be driven by a desire to draw
361:
free via its storefront UPlay, as the game included a recreation of the Notre Dame
Cathedral. Steam users left numerous positive reviews for the game in the days that followed, with many thanking the developers for the free game and others expressing appreciation for the cathedral's recreation.
82:. It may be motivated by unpopular changes to an established franchise, political or cultural controversies related to the product or service, or to the actions of its developers, vendors, or owners. Some owners of aggregate systems have devised means to detect or prevent review bombing.
431:. The individual initially claimed that this was meant to highlight the flaws of Metacritic's user review system, but later admitted it was actually because they were upset with how a character in the game was written. Before the cause of the review bomb was known, the game's director
366:
which was released in 2014, had received mixed reviews prior to this event due to bugs and technical problems with the game's launch. While such an event had triggered Valve's safeguards against review bombs, they opted to not enforce it since the effect was meant to be positive.
217:" music video as the most disliked video; it was universally panned and faced criticism for its exclusion of various top personalities on the service, as well as other factors relating to controversies affecting video authors and criticism of YouTube itself.
268:
In some cases, storefronts and aggregates have intervened to stop review bombs and delete the negative reviews. In
February 2019, Rotten Tomatoes announced that it would no longer accept user reviews for a film until after its official release.
332:
Metacritic as to bring down the user rating, all to demonstrate that a single person could have this effect. As
Metacritic had no policy to handle or identify review bombing, this scoring impacted the game. Following the review bombing of
436:
in response remained, inflating the game's user score and causing it to temporarily be the website's top-rated
Nintendo Switch game of all time while drawing further attention to the game as a result of the failed review bomb attempt.
1915:
301:
had been acquired by Epic Games (leading to uncertainty over whether it would eventually become exclusive to the Epic Games Store). Valve said that they had to intervene 44 times in 2019 to stop review bombing on Steam.
780:
448:
put effort into improving the game over the following year. By the time the game released to Steam in April 2020, many considered the game to have been reinvented for the better in a manner similar to
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pre-release review bombing. Further, it would only accept reviews from persons that have been confirmed to have seen the movie, as verified through theater chains like
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Infrequently, a review bomb may be used to praise the game, developers or publishers for other actions that players see as beneficial. One such case was for
197:'s voting system has also been used for review bombing, where dissatisfaction over a creator or a video's content may attract campaigns to "dislike" a video
728:
2288:
580:
1556:
603:
1682:. Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage (ABSCA) Book Series. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference (IGI Global). pp. 334–354.
2198:
Notice of the
National Press and Publication Administration on Further Strict Management and Effective Prevention of Minors' Addiction to Online Games
1267:
886:
513:
2018:
1922:
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1323:
2231:
2047:
1385:
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911:
781:"Helldivers 2's Operation Clean Up Is a Community-Driven Major Order to Post Positive Steam User Reviews After PSN Backlash — and It's Working"
1117:
2013:
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202:
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1984:
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Like negative forms of review bombs, positive review bombs have also occurred as form of protest, such as in the case of anime series
1171:
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450:
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233:, can also be subject to review bombing in relation to controversies surrounding their proprietors. A notable example included an
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had been originally released to negative reviews by both critics and players on its initial release, but its developers
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A reverse review bomb may also be initiated by users to try to counter generally negative reviews from critics.
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A negative review bomb can also backfire and incite a positive review bomb of the same target. For example,
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second season was review bombed due to its release schedule, and fourth season due to its politics.
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phenomenon in which a large number of people or a few people with multiple accounts post negative
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445:
327:
478:"Random: AI: The Somnium Files Got Review-Bombed By Someone Obsessed With One Of Its Characters"
427:
was review bombed on
Metacritic in February 2020 by a single person through the use of numerous
245:"). Yelp intervened by removing reviews not based on first-hand experience with the restaurant.
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999:"Amid spike in 'review bombing,' Yelp gives restaurants the option to show vaccine policies"
432:
403:
140:
103:
1491:"Funimation Removes Interspecies Reviewers Anime as it 'Falls Outside' Company's Standards"
695:
1324:"Assassin's Creed Unity gets reverse-review bombed following Ubisoft's Notre Dame support"
608:
408:
399:
281:
155:
75:
63:
1613:"Steam users tried to review bomb Fallout 76, but some of its fans are having none of it"
1118:"Valve says it will investigate Steam review bombing campaigns and hide bad-faith scores"
456:
1246:"We're introducing Verified Ratings and Reviews to Help You Make Your Viewing Decisions"
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319:
52:
48:
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review bombing in April 2019. Similarly, Valve stepped in to stop negative reviews of
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307:
293:
287:
210:
729:"Death Stranding User Score Spikes as Metacritic Removes Over 6000 Negative Ratings"
2165:
1822:
1808:
1517:"Interspecies Reviewers: 10 Things You Need To Know About This Controversial Anime"
1463:"Balan Wonderworld Is Getting A Suspicious Amount Of 10/10 Metacritic User Reviews"
1219:"Rotten Tomatoes is changing audience review capabilities to tackle review bombing"
1148:
315:
161:
92:
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removing the series from its online streaming platform. In wake of the closure of
242:
1677:
1801:
1679:
Handbook of Research on Cross-Disciplinary Uses of Gamification in Organizations
1557:"AI: Somnium Files review bomb backfires, becomes top user-reviewed Switch game"
1054:"Rotten Tomatoes will no longer allow audiences to review movies before release"
387:
386:, where it was subject of a positive review bomb campaign targeting the series'
226:
149:
139:, review bombing generally has little effect on a game's sales, and may in fact
39:
665:"Steam review bombing is working, and Chinese players are a powerful new voice"
225:
Websites offering user reviews of businesses and other establishments, such as
1864:
1789:
1697:
1542:"Hi-Fi-Rush and the Evil within games being "positive" review bombed on Steam"
1172:"Rocket League Review Bombed After Epic Acquisition Announced; Steam Steps In"
912:"Yelp reviewers drag chicken restaurant owned by NYC bombing suspect's family"
440:
414:
395:
132:
79:
67:
17:
950:
1561:
1409:"'Positive review bomb' of Assassin's Creed Unity posed a quandary to Steam"
1272:
1223:
835:"How Did It Take Four Seasons for MAGA To Realize 'The Boys' Is About Them?"
604:"Valve's "Solution" to Review Bombing Ignores Steam's Longstanding Problems"
277:
144:
136:
1704:
1674:"Chapter 16: Review Bomb: On the Gamification of the Ideological Conflict"
2190:
2106:
1972:
1378:"Assassin's Creed Unity Is Getting Reverse-Review Bombed With Positivity"
1352:"Reverse review bomb? AC: Unity draws praise for Notre Dame preservation"
1328:
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700:
311:
44:
35:
2101:
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1585:"Fallout 76 fans are ignoring review bombs, laying out the welcome mat"
391:
298:
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suspect (with many reviews jokingly referring to its chicken as being "
194:
128:
1676:. In Oscar Bernardes; Vanessa Amorim; António Carrizo Moreira (eds.).
861:"YouTube Rewind 2018 is officially the most disliked video on YouTube"
90:
One of the first appearances of the term "review bomb" was in a 2008
406:
in May 2024, players used positive review bombing of its games like
1296:"Metacritic changes its user review policy to combat score bombing"
540:"Valve intervened in 44 'review bomb' incidents on Steam last year"
2096:
755:"Over 6000 negative Death Stranding reviews removed by Metacritic"
339:
number of reviews that may be added as a result of a review bomb.
1795:
696:"A brief history of how Steam review bombing damages developers"
230:
71:
1708:
1672:
Tomaselli, Venera; Cantone, Giulio G.; Mazzeo, Valeria (2022).
808:"Here's Why Fans Flooded 'The Boys' Season 2 With Bad Reviews"
785:
637:"Gamers fight back against lackluster Spore gameplay, bad DRM"
1024:"Restaurant reviews: The newest victim of vaccine animosity"
887:"What Happens When Yelp Restaurant Reviews Turn Political?"
96:
article by Ben Kuchera describing the effect in regards to
1436:"Steam :: Steam Blog :: Positive "Review Bombs""
1144:"Borderlands review bomb triggers Steam's "off topic" fix"
297:, following the May 2019 announcement that its developer
47:
tactic, as a form of protest, or may simply be a form of
1200:"A Change for Rotten Tomatoes Ahead of 'Captain Marvel'"
252:, some restaurants have faced review bombs from the
58:
The practice is most commonly aimed at online media
2216:
2134:
2001:
1938:
1901:
1760:
1268:"Our indie game KUNAI got review bombed to a 1.7"
1085:"Steam adds histograms to address review bombing"
972:"Yelp vs Google: How they deal with fake reviews"
564:
562:
533:
531:
135:to gain attraction on the service. According to
131:, where user reviews are often the only way for
27:Advocacy through negative Internet user reviews
1720:
8:
2225:Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association
2294:Mass media and entertainment controversies
2138:
1727:
1713:
1705:
571:"The anatomy of a review bombing campaign"
418:on Steam to protest the studio's closure.
390:page. The campaign was initiated by anime
102:, in which users left negative reviews on
51:. Review bombing is a similar practice to
1489:Hodgkins, Crystalyn (January 31, 2020).
1266:de Jager, Benjamin (February 19, 2020).
1083:Sinclair, Brendan (September 19, 2017).
318:, or through online ticket sales though
1097:from the original on September 19, 2017
616:from the original on September 19, 2017
469:
1611:Beckhelling, Imogen (April 16, 2020).
1064:from the original on February 26, 2019
859:Alexander, Julia (December 13, 2018).
602:Klepek, Patrick (September 19, 2017).
237:restaurant owned by the family of the
1515:Luquin, Eduardo (February 22, 2020).
1047:
1045:
885:Danovich, Tove (September 22, 2016).
708:from the original on October 12, 2017
506:"Steam 'Review Bombing' Is A Problem"
239:2016 New York and New Jersey bombings
7:
2232:Entertainment Software Ass'n v. Foti
659:
657:
583:from the original on October 5, 2017
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
2161:Family Entertainment Protection Act
1294:Fisher, Christine (July 17, 2020).
937:Kinstler, Linda (August 17, 2018).
833:Ulatowski, Rachel (June 18, 2024).
727:Ramsey, Robert (December 7, 2019).
675:from the original on 10 August 2017
516:from the original on 10 August 2017
203:most-disliked videos on the service
2289:Internet-based and online protests
1052:Polo, Susana (February 26, 2019).
753:Adams, Robert (December 6, 2019).
694:McKeand, Kirk (October 12, 2017).
635:Kuchera, Ben (September 8, 2008).
538:Hall, Charlie (February 6, 2020).
174:promotional trailers on YouTube.
25:
1917:California v. Activision Blizzard
1747:List of controversial video games
1583:Marshall, Cass (April 16, 2020).
1217:Alexander, Julia (May 23, 2019).
1116:Liptak, Andrew (March 15, 2019).
997:Kadvany, Elena (August 5, 2021).
779:Yin-Poole, Wesley (May 7, 2024).
504:Grayson, Nathan (19 April 2015).
451:Final Fantasy XIV: A Realm Reborn
1555:Denzer, TJ (February 13, 2020).
1322:Horti, Samual (April 20, 2019).
939:"How TripAdvisor changed travel"
569:Kuchera, Ben (October 4, 2017).
357:in April 2019. Ubisoft had made
117:List of review-bombing incidents
1350:Orland, Kyle (April 19, 2019).
2171:Truth in Video Game Rating Act
1142:Orland, Kyle (April 5, 2019).
201:, with a goal to be among the
1:
1830:Super Columbine Massacre RPG!
1461:Grey, Kate (March 30, 2021).
1198:Sims, David (March 4, 2019).
143:due to the resulting wave of
2146:Intellectual property rights
1662:Resources in other libraries
1170:Watts, Steve (May 3, 2019).
353:, in the week following the
1407:Good, Owen (May 22, 2019).
107:the game isn't very good."
2340:
114:
2156:1993 U.S. Senate hearings
2151:Video Recordings Act 1984
2141:
2019:regionally censored games
1742:
1657:Resources in your library
2319:Video game controversies
1993:Corrupted Blood incident
1886:Digital Homicide Studios
1736:Video game controversies
394:Nux Taku in response to
355:Notre-Dame de Paris fire
256:community for enforcing
1951:Cheating in video games
1003:San Francisco Chronicle
2176:Video Game Decency Act
1968:Death of Brandon Crisp
1946:Blitzchung controversy
383:Interspecies Reviewers
350:Assassin's Creed Unity
2036:Gender representation
1978:2017 Wichita swatting
424:AI: The Somnium Files
235:Elizabeth, New Jersey
2246:Epic Games v. Google
1988:match fixing scandal
1923:ABK Workers Alliance
1904:workplace misconduct
1872:Six Days in Fallujah
918:. September 20, 2016
814:. September 12, 2020
484:. February 12, 2020.
429:sock puppet accounts
205:. In December 2018,
177:Amazon Prime series
2239:Epic Games v. Apple
1939:Other controversies
343:Reverse review bomb
207:YouTube Rewind 2018
169:Film and television
2324:Video game culture
2304:Media manipulation
2253:Strickland v. Sony
2058:Simulator sickness
1752:Video game culture
1618:Rock Paper Shotgun
1495:Anime News Network
1440:steamcommunity.com
978:. November 1, 2018
976:Search Engine Land
446:Bethesda Softworks
325:In February 2020,
141:even increase them
60:review aggregators
2309:Social commentary
2284:Internet trolling
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2203:Video game piracy
2186:Microtransactions
1643:Library resources
1388:on April 20, 2019
1090:GamesIndustry.biz
377:positive value.
373:Balan Wonderworld
335:The Last of Us II
250:COVID-19 pandemic
16:(Redirected from
2331:
2314:Social influence
2279:2010s neologisms
2139:
1844:Ethnic Cleansing
1776:Custer's Revenge
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1384:. Archived from
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1030:. August 8, 2021
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671:. 28 June 2017.
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433:Kotaro Uchikoshi
404:Microsoft Gaming
258:vaccine passport
254:anti-vaccination
185:
21:
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2048:Health problems
1997:
1934:
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1837:Muslim Massacre
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1637:Further reading
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1544:. May 10, 2024.
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759:Game Revolution
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133:indie games
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2009:Censorship
1865:No Russian
1816:Hot Coffee
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1230:May 23,
1058:Polygon
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669:pcgamer
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545:Polygon
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299:Psyonix
264:Effects
260:rules.
195:YouTube
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111:History
2124:Sexism
1881:ending
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