56:
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1071:, the Thracian singer, who boasted that he could defeat even the Muses in song. He competed with them, was defeated, and was punished for his presumption with the loss of his ability to sing. Historically, the practice is first evident in Hesiod's claim that he performed a song at the funeral games for Amphidamas in Euboea and won a prize. Competitive singing is depicted vividly in the
31:
1519:
1172:
made a law that the poems should be recited "with prompting". Many
Athenian laws were falsely attributed to early lawgivers, but it is at least clear that by the fourth century the Homeric poems were a compulsory part of the Panathenaea, and were to be recited in order. They are too long for a single
1004:
according to the preferred taste of a specific location's audience. However, the outer framework of the epic would remain virtually the same in every "singing", thus securing the projection of underlying themes such as of morality or honour. The performance of epic poetry was called in classical
1052:
in the course of performance. There are indications in Pindar and other authors that oral epic was still a living and popular tradition in the early fifth century BC; all the later evidence, however, is that rhapsodes worked from written texts, and in some cases were compelled by law to do so.
1040:(522–443 BC), who implies two different explanations of it, "singer of stitched verse", and "singer with the staff". Of these the first is etymologically correct; the second was suggested by the fact, for which there is early evidence, that the singer was accustomed to hold a staff (ῥάβδος
1044:) in his hand, perhaps, like the sceptre in the Homeric assembly, as a symbol of the right to a hearing or to "emphasize the rhythm or to give grandeur to their gestures". The etymological meaning is interesting because it is an exact metaphor for what
1134:
still better, since Argos was named in the first line of that poem. The incident seems to show that poems performed by rhapsodes had political and propagandistic importance in the
Peloponnese in the early sixth century BC.
964:, wearing their signature cloak and carrying a staff. This equipment is also characteristic of travellers in general, implying that rhapsodes were itinerant performers, moving from town to town. Rhapsodes originated in
1173:
rhapsode or for a single day's performance. Therefore, they had to be divided into parts, and each rhapsode had to take his assigned part (otherwise they would have chosen favourite or prize passages).
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It is certain that rhapsodes performed competitively, contending for prizes at religious festivals, and that this practice was already well-established by the fifth century BC. The
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1539:
1164:
adds that the law required the rhapsodists to follow on from one another in order, "as they still do". This recurs in a different form in the much later statement of
1000:, tales and jokes to include in the content of the epic poem. Thus it was possible, through experience and improvisatory skills, for him to shift the content of the
1255:
1176:
Complementary evidence on oral performance of poetry in classical Greece comes in the form of references to a family, clan, or professional association of
1182:(literally "children of Homer"). These certainly had an existence in the fifth and fourth centuries BC and certainly performed poems attributed to
877:
1150:. Perhaps therefore such a custom was exceptional, and we do not know when or by whom it was introduced, although the Platonic dialogue
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confronts a star player rhapsode, remains the most coherent source of information on these artists. Often, rhapsodes are depicted in
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228b8. This, however, may be merely part of the historical romance of the
Pisistratids: it is telling that
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seems to count the
Homeridae as rhapsodes; other sources do not specifically confirm this categorisation.
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in the fifth and fourth centuries BC (and perhaps earlier). Rhapsodes notably performed the epics of
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1479:(7.6), who knew about Hipparchus' literary activities, knows nothing about this. The author of the
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992:(ῥαψῳδεῖν), meaning "to sew songs ". This word illustrates how the oral epic poet, or
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1302:(1987), "The making of Homer in the 6th century BC: rhapsodes versus Stesichorus",
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in Cyprus and the festival of the
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1259:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 231.
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Tekstsamling I: litteraturhistorie: Litteraturhistoriske tekstpraksiser
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Refers to a classical Greek professional performer of epic poetry
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makes (perhaps wilfully) all the mistakes about the family of
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1146:; this law is appealed to as glory of Athens by the orator
1081:. The latter of these may evidently be taken to belong to
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was by definition a performer of a fixed, written text.
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An early historical mention of rhapsodes occurs in the
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was also recited at the festival of the
Brauronia, at
976:, disciples of Homer, or "singers of stitched lays."
1048:do: they stitch together formulas, lines and
871:
8:
1315:Inventing Homer: the early reception of epic
1122:. This description applies very well to the
1545:4th-century BC disestablishments in Greece
1491:notices in a well-known passage (6.54-59).
1409:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966) pp. 43-46.
1304:Papers on the Amasis Painter and his world
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1158:Hipparchus, son of Peisistratos (Athens)
1106:(c. 440 BC). He tells the story that at
1540:5th-century BC establishments in Greece
1317:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
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1306:, Malibu: Getty Museum, pp. 43–62
1274:. Minneapolis, MN: Burgess. p. 7.
996:, would build a repertoire of diverse
972:'s birthplace, and were also known as
7:
1328:Bahn, Eugene, and Margaret L. Bahn.
1332:Minneapolis, MN: Burgess, 1979, p.7
1270:Bahn, E. & Bahn, M.L. (1970).
25:
1330:A History of Oral Interpretation.
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1272:A History of Oral Interpretation
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1009:(ῥαψῳδία), and its performer
1351:, New York, London: Norton,
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1093:and the Delian gathering.
910:professional performer of
36:
1565:Entertainment occupations
1550:Ancient Greek epic poetry
1077:and mentioned in the two
899:
1288:. Oslo: Høgskolen i Oslo
1284:Ridderstrøm, H. (2006).
934:and catalogue poetry of
37:Not to be confused with
1256:Encyclopædia Britannica
1067:alludes to the myth of
1036:was in use as early as
902:) or, in modern usage,
1419:Homeric Hymn to Apollo
1074:Homeric Hymn to Apollo
34:
1555:Ancient Greek theatre
1401:650-662: see Hesiod,
900:ῥαψῳδός, "rhapsōidos"
854:Literature portal
33:
1560:Obsolete occupations
1526:at Wikimedia Commons
1378:on this passage and
1144:Panathenaic festival
1046:oral narrative poets
628:Groups and movements
1348:Rediscovering Homer
980:Etymology and usage
247:Short prose fiction
150:Major written forms
1250:"Rhapsodist"
1079:Hymns to Aphrodite
741:Lists and outlines
217:Long prose fiction
35:
1522:Media related to
1445:Against Leocrates
1311:Graziosi, Barbara
1166:Diogenes Laërtius
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413:Encyclopedic
391:supernatural
307:Prose genres
163:closet drama
1502:Nemean Odes
1485:Pisistratus
1455:in Attica (
1380:Apollodorus
1112:Cleisthenes
1089:belongs to
1057:Performance
1050:type-scenes
990:rhapsōidein
956:, in which
944:Archilochus
912:epic poetry
818:Composition
695:Tragicomedy
534:Verse novel
422:Non-fiction
326:Speculative
265:Short story
135:spoken word
125:Performance
98:heroic epic
18:Rhapsodists
1534:Categories
1489:Thucydides
1481:Hipparchus
1473:Hipparchus
1443:Lycurgus,
1407:M. L. West
1162:Hipparchus
1153:Hipparchus
1110:the ruler
1034:rhapsōidos
1027:rhapsōidos
1011:rhapsōidos
1007:rhapsōidia
904:rhapsodist
733:Postmodern
668:historical
607:Villanelle
488:Travelogue
483:Persuasive
463:Journalism
441:philosophy
408:Historical
376:paranormal
336:Children's
209:Electronic
83:fairy tale
48:Literature
1477:Herodotus
1461:Brauronia
1457:Hesychius
1447:102. The
1421:165-173;
1222:Homeridae
1217:kitharode
1179:Homeridae
1104:Herodotus
1099:Histories
1032:The word
984:The term
974:Homeridai
962:Greek art
828:Narrative
813:Magazines
808:Sociology
799:criticism
769:Movements
728:Modernist
718:Classical
510:Narrative
346:adventure
290:Religious
260:Novelette
225:Anthology
180:narrative
130:audiobook
88:folk play
1524:Rhapsode
1500:Pindar,
1425:5 and 9.
1403:Theogony
1395:Hesiod,
1345:(2006),
1313:(2002),
1194:See also
1148:Lycurgus
1118:and the
1069:Thamyris
994:rhapsode
986:rhapsode
958:Socrates
938:and the
892:rhapsode
823:Language
754:Glossary
723:Medieval
658:Libretto
587:Limerick
539:National
529:Dramatic
519:Children
448:Anecdote
431:Academic
371:military
192:Nonsense
93:folksong
73:Folklore
39:rhapsody
1453:Brauron
1384:Library
1376:scholia
1131:Thebaid
1120:Argives
1083:Salamis
1042:rhabdos
940:satires
927:Odyssey
764:Writers
749:Outline
713:Ancient
704:History
690:Tragedy
567:Epigram
453:Epistle
436:history
396:western
381:romance
366:fantasy
331:Realist
317:Fiction
285:Parable
270:Drabble
255:Novella
239:romance
204:Ergodic
120:Oration
113:proverb
1504:2.1-5.
1487:which
1386:1.3.3.
1355:
1201:Aoidos
1188:Pindar
1160:. The
1140:Athens
1108:Sicyon
1038:Pindar
1017:aoidos
1005:Greek
936:Hesiod
932:wisdom
838:Estate
795:Theory
784:poetry
774:Cycles
685:Script
680:Satire
653:Comedy
602:Sonnet
597:Qasida
572:Ghazal
557:Ballad
478:Nature
468:Letter
401:horror
361:erotic
295:Wisdom
275:Sketch
230:Serial
170:Poetry
142:Saying
103:legend
1575:Poets
1459:s.v.
1449:Iliad
1372:Iliad
1297:E.g.
1228:Notes
1207:aulos
1184:Homer
1170:Solon
1125:Iliad
1116:Argos
1091:Delos
1064:Iliad
1025:that
998:myths
970:Homer
966:Ionia
948:Plato
921:Iliad
916:Homer
896:Greek
759:Books
673:moral
633:Poets
615:Lists
577:Haiku
562:Elegy
548:Lyric
458:Essay
356:crime
341:Genre
235:Novel
197:verse
187:Prose
175:lyric
158:Drama
78:fable
1405:ed.
1353:ISBN
1212:bard
1002:epos
924:and
833:Feud
797:and
663:Play
623:Epic
582:Hymn
524:Epic
473:Life
108:myth
1138:At
1102:of
953:Ion
942:of
592:Ode
1536::
1463:).
1382:,
1308:;
1253:.
1236:^
1186:.
898::
890:A
1319:.
918:(
894:(
879:e
872:t
865:v
237:/
41:.
20:)
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