346:
219:
546:
33:
24:
610:
732:
of rhein have not been intensively studied in humans, but at least one study in healthy male volunteers found that rhein was better absorbed from oral administration of rhubarb than from a retention enema. Rhein (at an oral dose of 50 mg twice per day) was shown to be safe when administered for
554:
526:
1165:
Zhu W, Wang XM, Zhang L, Li XY, Wang BX (2005). "Pharmacokinetic of rhein in healthy male volunteers following oral and retention enema administration of rhubarb extract: a single dose study".
1436:
623:
116:
1200:
La Villa G, Marra F, Laffi G, et al. (1989). "Effects of rhein on renal arachidonic acid metabolism and renal function in patients with congestive heart failure".
690:
Originally the rhubarb plant which contains rhein was used as a laxative. It was believed that rhein along with other anthraquinone glycosides imparted this activity.
1839:
395:
1429:
1260:
766:
1422:
360:
1883:
507:
1104:
Jia, Guifang; Fu, Ye; Zhao, Xu; Dai, Qing; Zheng, Guanqun; Yang, Ying; Yi, Chengqi; Lindahl, Tomas; Pan, Tao (2011-10-16).
1349:
1344:
32:
1047:
Yu, Jun; Chen, Mengxian; Huang, Haijiao; Zhu, Junda; Song, Huixue; Zhu, Jian; Park, Jaewon; Ji, Sheng-Jian (2017-11-23).
630:
1856:
1253:
303:
1686:
1472:
324:
545:
1878:
1306:
1301:
1359:
226:
1804:
264:
1326:
1246:
23:
214:
1456:
1278:
156:
695:
650:
568:
538:
996:"Synergistic effect of rhein in combination with ampicillin or oxacillin against methicillin-resistant
1724:
1605:
1719:
45:
786:
369:
InChI=1S/C15H8O6/c16-9-3-1-2-7-11(9)14(19)12-8(13(7)18)4-6(15(20)21)5-10(12)17/h1-5,16-17H,(H,20,21)
270:
1670:
763:
379:
InChI=1/C15H8O6/c16-9-3-1-2-7-11(9)14(19)12-8(13(7)18)4-6(15(20)21)5-10(12)17/h1-5,16-17H,(H,20,21)
341:
82:
1448:
1225:
889:
719:
1625:
1372:
1784:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1486:
1794:
1764:
1650:
1640:
1491:
1445:
1217:
1182:
1147:
1129:
1086:
1068:
1029:
976:
937:
881:
838:
683:
1714:
1635:
1630:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1834:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1799:
1789:
1779:
1774:
1645:
1545:
1515:
1209:
1174:
1137:
1121:
1076:
1060:
1019:
1011:
968:
927:
873:
830:
729:
699:
in 2008. Synergy or partial synergy has been demonstrated between rhein and the antibiotics
490:
418:
1615:
1555:
1550:
312:
1403:
856:
Hoerhammer L, Wagner H, Koehler I (1959). "Neue
Untersuchungen über die Inhaltsstoffe von
770:
671:
665:
such as rhein-8-glucoside or glucorhein. Rhein was first isolated in 1895. It is found in
176:
92:
860:
L. 1. Mitteilung: Zur
Analytik des Rheins" [New investigations on the components of
345:
218:
1270:
1142:
1105:
1081:
1048:
1024:
995:
677:
601:
136:
932:
834:
1872:
1749:
1580:
1396:
1391:
479:
469:
207:
893:
1729:
1691:
1595:
1575:
1570:
1477:
1367:
1296:
1229:
1110:-Methyladenosine in nuclear RNA is a major substrate of the obesity-associated FTO"
1238:
972:
292:
1610:
1565:
1291:
908:
715:
589:
582:
1414:
1709:
1600:
1560:
1178:
955:
Yu L, Xiang H, Fan J, et al. (2008). "Global transcriptional response of
704:
441:
167:
1840:
6-(N-ethyl-N-(5-isobutoxy-4-isopropyl-2-(E)-styrylphenyl)amino)nicotinic acid
1133:
1072:
877:
578:
1758:
1700:
1660:
1589:
1506:
1501:
1496:
742:
700:
662:
658:
67:
1186:
1151:
1090:
1033:
980:
941:
885:
842:
1221:
1064:
1334:
1286:
1125:
1015:
711:
187:
196:
1754:
1585:
1311:
1213:
666:
654:
459:
279:
227:
1049:"Dynamic mA modification regulates local translation of mRNA in axons"
574:
1339:
817:
Lee JH, Kim JM, Kim CS (2003). "Pharmacokinetic analysis of rhein in
733:
five days to elderly patients with chronic congestive heart failure.
147:
600:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
253:
127:
115:
105:
50:
4,5-Dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxylic acid
244:
1418:
1242:
693:
Rhein has been reevaluated as an antibacterial agent against
329:
474:
350 to 352 °C (662 to 666 °F; 623 to 625 K)
484:
597.8 °C (1,108.0 °F; 870.9 K) at 760 mmHg
618:
1669:
1455:
1381:
1358:
1325:
1277:
909:"Identification of the antibiotic substance from
798:Hesse O (1895). "The Chemistry of rhubarb (EN)".
994:Joung DK, Joung H, Yang DW, et al. (2012).
913:as 4,5-Dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid"
787:Pharmacognosy of Rhubarb | Chemical Constituents
759:
757:
403:C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3C2=O)C(=O)O)O
291:
91:
1457:
1430:
1254:
8:
594:329.4 °C (624.9 °F; 602.5 K)
1671:
1437:
1423:
1415:
1261:
1247:
1239:
864:L. Part 1: On the analysis of rhein].
344:
217:
175:
15:
1141:
1080:
1023:
931:
714:, an enzyme responsible for removing the
311:
800:Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions
782:
780:
778:
753:
712:fat mass and obesity-associated protein
657:. Like all such substances, rhein is a
400:
365:
340:
269:
195:
208:
764:Cassic acid on www.naturestandard.com
372:Key: FCDLCPWAQCPTKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
155:
135:
7:
1658:Retinoic acid metabolism inhibitors:
959:to rhein, a natural plant product".
710:Rhein has been shown to inhibit the
382:Key: FCDLCPWAQCPTKC-UHFFFAOYAT
282:
252:
14:
608:
544:
31:
22:
661:, which is commonly found as a
604:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
1462:Tooltip Retinoic acid receptor
508:Occupational safety and health
1:
1857:Receptor/signaling modulators
1696:-Retinoic acid (alitretinoin)
1482:-Retinoic acid (alitretinoin)
1350:1,3,8-Trihydroxyanthraquinone
1345:1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone
973:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.04.010
933:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)57072-1
835:10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00222-2
1676:Tooltip Retinoid X receptor
1900:
1805:LE135 (RAR beta selective)
1705:-Retinoic acid (tretinoin)
1511:-Retinoic acid (tretinoin)
1360:Tetrahydroxyanthraquinones
1312:1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone
1307:1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone
1302:1,3-Dihydroxyanthraquinone
446:284.22 g/mol
1848:
1179:10.1142/S0192415X05003508
598:
525:
505:
500:
411:
391:
356:
75:
56:
44:
39:
30:
21:
1327:Trihydroxyanthraquinones
878:10.1002/ardp.19592921105
649:, is a substance in the
1884:Dihydroxyanthraquinones
1279:Dihydroxyanthraquinones
1114:Nature Chemical Biology
1053:Nucleic Acids Research
998:Staphylococcus aureus
957:Staphylococcus aureus
696:Staphylococcus aureus
1720:Docosahexaenoic acid
1202:Eur J Clin Pharmacol
1126:10.1038/nchembio.687
1016:10.3892/etm.2012.459
866:Archiv der Pharmazie
653:group obtained from
46:Preferred IUPAC name
1065:10.1093/nar/gkx1182
496:Insoluble in water
491:Solubility in water
18:
1214:10.1007/bf00609415
769:2011-07-14 at the
725:in nucleic acids.
631:Infobox references
70:-3-carboxylic acid
16:
1879:CYP2D6 inhibitors
1866:
1865:
1446:Retinoid receptor
1412:
1411:
1269:Types of natural
911:Cassia reticulata
907:Anchel M (1949).
684:Cassia reticulata
639:Chemical compound
637:
636:
569:Hazard statements
325:CompTox Dashboard
117:Interactive image
1891:
1725:Fluorobexarotene
1677:
1673:
1606:Tazarotenic acid
1463:
1459:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1416:
1404:Senna glycosides
1263:
1256:
1249:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1145:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1084:
1059:(3): 1412–1423.
1044:
1038:
1037:
1027:
991:
985:
984:
952:
946:
945:
935:
917:
904:
898:
897:
853:
847:
846:
823:J Ethnopharmacol
814:
808:
807:
795:
789:
784:
773:
761:
730:pharmacokinetics
723:-methyladenosine
645:, also known as
621:
615:
612:
611:
584:
580:
576:
548:
454:Orange crystals
419:Chemical formula
349:
348:
333:
331:
315:
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159:
139:
119:
95:
35:
26:
19:
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1898:
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1889:
1888:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1844:
1675:
1665:
1461:
1451:
1443:
1413:
1408:
1377:
1354:
1321:
1273:
1267:
1237:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1120:(12): 885–887.
1103:
1102:
1098:
1046:
1045:
1041:
993:
992:
988:
954:
953:
949:
915:
906:
905:
901:
872:(64): 591–601.
855:
854:
850:
819:Rheum undulatum
816:
815:
811:
797:
796:
792:
785:
776:
771:Wayback Machine
762:
755:
751:
739:
672:Rheum undulatum
640:
633:
628:
627:
626: ?)
617:
613:
609:
605:
571:
557:
541:
518:
493:
435:
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109:
98:
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71:
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52:
51:
12:
11:
5:
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1807:
1802:
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1504:
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1410:
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1401:
1400:
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1356:
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1342:
1337:
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1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1271:anthraquinones
1268:
1266:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1243:
1236:
1235:
1192:
1173:(6): 839–850.
1157:
1096:
1039:
1010:(4): 608–612.
986:
967:(3): 304–308.
947:
926:(1): 169–177.
899:
862:Rheum palmatum
858:Rheum palmatum
848:
809:
790:
774:
752:
750:
747:
746:
745:
738:
735:
681:as well as in
678:Rheum palmatum
638:
635:
634:
629:
607:
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602:standard state
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81:
78:
77:
73:
72:
59:Rhubarb Yellow
58:
54:
53:
49:
48:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1896:
1885:
1882:
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1877:
1876:
1874:
1859:
1858:
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1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
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1821:
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1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1750:Retinoic acid
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1704:
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1688:
1685:
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1681:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1581:Retinoic acid
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1397:Carminic acid
1395:
1394:
1393:
1392:Kermesic acid
1390:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
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1284:
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1280:
1276:
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1264:
1259:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1167:Am J Chin Med
1161:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1100:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
999:
990:
987:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
951:
948:
943:
939:
934:
929:
925:
921:
914:
912:
903:
900:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
868:(in German).
867:
863:
859:
852:
849:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
813:
810:
805:
801:
794:
791:
788:
783:
781:
779:
775:
772:
768:
765:
760:
758:
754:
748:
744:
741:
740:
736:
734:
731:
726:
724:
722:
717:
713:
708:
706:
702:
698:
697:
691:
688:
686:
685:
680:
679:
674:
673:
669:species like
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
651:anthraquinone
648:
644:
632:
625:
620:
603:
597:
593:
591:
588:
587:
573:
570:
566:
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562:
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556:
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551:
547:
543:
540:
536:
535:
531:
529:
524:
520:
515:
514:
510:
509:
504:
499:
495:
492:
488:
487:
483:
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480:Boiling point
478:
477:
473:
471:
470:Melting point
468:
467:
463:
461:
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457:
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397:
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376:
366:
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342:DTXSID4026000
339:
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1772:Antagonists:
1771:
1730:Isotretinoin
1702:
1693:
1683:
1657:
1623:Antagonists:
1622:
1596:Tamibarotene
1576:Palovarotene
1571:Isotretinoin
1508:
1479:
1469:
1382:
1368:quinalizarin
1316:
1297:Damnacanthal
1205:
1201:
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1170:
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1007:
1004:Exp Ther Med
1003:
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961:J Biotechnol
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527:
517:Main hazards
506:
157:ChEMBL418068
76:Identifiers
57:Other names
1611:Trifarotene
1566:Fenretinide
1292:Aloe emodin
920:J Biol Chem
716:methylation
647:cassic acid
590:Flash point
555:Signal word
511:(OHS/OSH):
464:1.687 g/cm
451:Appearance
412:Properties
215:100.006.839
63:Cassic acid
1873:Categories
1710:Bexarotene
1626:BMS-195614
1601:Tazarotene
1561:Etretinate
1449:modulators
1373:rheoemodin
1208:(1): 1–5.
829:(1): 5–9.
749:References
705:ampicillin
539:Pictograms
442:Molar mass
313:YM64C2P6UX
168:ChemSpider
137:CHEBI:8825
104:3D model (
83:CAS Number
65:Rheic acid
1785:LG-100754
1759:vitamin A
1745:LG-100754
1740:LG-101506
1735:LG-100268
1684:Agonists:
1661:Liarozole
1590:vitamin A
1502:Adapalene
1497:Acitretin
1487:AC-261066
1470:Agonists:
1134:1552-4450
1073:0305-1048
743:Diacerein
701:oxacillin
663:glycoside
659:cathartic
530:labelling
521:Irritant
236:207-521-4
228:EC Number
68:Chrysazin
61:Monorhein
1852:See also
1795:UVI-3003
1765:SR-11237
1651:MM-11253
1641:ER-50891
1492:AC-55649
1335:Parietin
1287:Alizarin
1187:16355440
1152:22002720
1091:29186567
1034:22969937
981:18514345
942:18123056
894:94169376
886:14402302
843:12499069
767:Archived
737:See also
501:Hazards
188:DrugBank
93:478-43-3
1755:Retinol
1715:CD 3254
1636:CD-2665
1631:BMS-493
1586:Retinol
1541:CD-2314
1536:CD-1530
1531:BMS-961
1526:BMS-753
1521:BMS-493
1230:6338421
1222:2512175
1143:3218240
1082:5815124
1025:3438619
667:rhubarb
655:rhubarb
624:what is
622: (
561:Warning
460:Density
436:
280:PubChem
197:DB13174
1835:HX-711
1825:PA-452
1820:PA-451
1815:CD3254
1810:LE-540
1800:HX-603
1790:PA-452
1780:HX-630
1775:HX-531
1687:9CDHRA
1646:LE-135
1546:CD-437
1516:AM-580
1473:9CDHRA
1340:Emodin
1228:
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1140:
1132:
1089:
1079:
1071:
1032:
1022:
979:
940:
892:
884:
841:
806:: 325.
619:verify
616:
396:SMILES
254:C10401
148:ChEMBL
40:Names
17:Rhein
1830:Rhein
1703:trans
1616:TTNPB
1556:EC 23
1551:Ch-55
1509:trans
1317:Rhein
1226:S2CID
916:(PDF)
890:S2CID
821:L.".
718:from
643:Rhein
361:InChI
293:10168
271:Rhein
128:ChEBI
106:JSmol
1701:all-
1507:all-
1383:Misc
1218:PMID
1183:PMID
1148:PMID
1130:ISSN
1087:PMID
1069:ISSN
1030:PMID
977:PMID
938:PMID
882:PMID
839:PMID
728:The
703:and
675:and
583:H335
579:H319
575:H315
304:UNII
265:MeSH
245:KEGG
177:9762
1694:cis
1672:RXR
1480:cis
1458:RAR
1210:doi
1175:doi
1138:PMC
1122:doi
1077:PMC
1061:doi
1020:PMC
1012:doi
969:doi
965:135
928:doi
924:177
874:doi
870:292
831:doi
528:GHS
330:EPA
283:CID
1875::
1692:9-
1478:9-
1224:.
1216:.
1206:37
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1181:.
1171:33
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756:^
707:.
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532::
426:15
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1757:(
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1262:e
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1118:7
1108:N
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1008:3
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930::
896:.
876::
845:.
833::
804:1
721:N
614:N
434:6
432:O
430:8
428:H
424:C
332:)
328:(
108:)
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