63:
170:
99:. Slightly more females than males are affected and patients are usually 10 to 30 years of age. Rhinoscleroma is considered a tropical disease and is mostly endemic to North Africa, South Asia and Central America, less common in the United States.
453:
438:
130:: This is the final stage of the disease with prominent sclerosis and fibrosis. There is stenosis of the nares with adhesions in the nose, nasopharynx and oropharynx. There may also be respiratory distress due to subglottal stenosis.
124:: It is characterised by formation of granulomatous nodules in the nose and characteristic 'woody' appearance of the nose along with subdermal infiltration of the disease. The nodules formed are painless and non-ulcerative.
161:. It is sometimes referred to as the "Frisch bacillus," named for Anton von Frisch who identified the organism in 1882. It is contracted directly by droplets or by contamination of material that is subsequently inhaled.
296:
188:
is diagnostic, but cultures are only positive in 50â60% of cases. Diagnostic characteristics are most commonly found in the granulomatous stage and are described as being plasma cells with birefringent inclusions,
563:
2115:
39:
2385:
556:
3131:
549:
2108:
3100:
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2101:
56:
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contributed to the microscopic histology. In 1882, Anton Von Frisch (1849â1917) discovered the gram-negative bacillus which causes the disease.
2480:
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1729:
346:
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2160:
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2506:
933:
576:
240:
38:
2414:
2401:
1369:
239:
Hans von Hebra (1847â1902) wrote the classical description of the disease in a paper published in the
January 1870 issue of the
2912:
2488:
1374:
915:
2037:
2653:
2475:
2429:
2340:
2330:
947:
83:. It most commonly affects the nasal cavityâthe nose is involved in 95â100 per cent of casesâhowever, it can also affect the
223:
Surgical treatment include rhinoplasty to correct any nasal deformities. However, if left untreated the disease can lead to
2757:
2677:
2623:
763:
277:
Archaic terms include: Syphilis of the nose. Nasal leprosy. Scleroma neonatorum. Scleroma respiratorum. Scrofulous lupus.
3065:
2593:
2434:
2218:
1933:
1257:
693:
291:
251:
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1128:
909:
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115:
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1953:
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1341:
777:
735:
80:
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843:
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1120:
927:
687:
641:
145:
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2170:
2067:
2027:
1980:
1862:
1513:
1471:
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1408:
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1063:
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263:
62:
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1990:
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1428:
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1178:
1026:
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729:
715:
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457:
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1944:
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1355:
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785:
771:
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678:
158:
274:
Hebra nose. Scleroma. Fr: Sclérome. Sp: Rinoscleroma. Ger: Sklerom. Nasen-Rachenrauminduration.
169:
3053:
2733:
2444:
2018:
1984:
1848:
1780:
1543:
1521:
1490:
941:
707:
508:
479:
352:
342:
51:
3090:
3011:
2825:
2793:
2009:
1924:
1715:
1562:
1549:
1364:
981:
963:
870:
829:
757:
627:
212:(2g/day) are given together for about 4-6 weeks with a repeat, if necessary, after 1 month.
193:, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, and groups of large vacuolated histiocytes containing
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2355:
2234:
1959:
1880:
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190:
185:
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2181:
2055:
1971:
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1007:
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76:
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118:
such as foul smelling purulent nasal discharge and crusting of the nose.
3023:
2934:
2862:
2778:
2365:
1840:
1786:
1140:
1105:
338:
Diseases of Ear, Nose & Throat and Head & Neck
Surgery - E-Book
176:
showing abundant subepithelial histiocytes in a case of rhinoscleroma.
96:
92:
297:
List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions
3018:
618:
442:
224:
88:
2877:
168:
2946:
2867:
861:
820:
2097:
545:
79:
bacterial disease of the nose that can sometimes infect the
254:. He was assisted by M. Kohn who provided much of the
220:
are also shown to be effective against this organism.
314:
312:
420:
2925:
2845:
2824:
2715:
2662:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2458:
2314:
2305:
2273:
2248:
2232:
2179:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2017:
2008:
1970:
1943:
1923:
1879:
1824:
1797:
1752:
1726:
1690:
1622:
1613:
1505:
1470:
1461:
1418:
1313:
1298:
1289:
1219:
1166:
1139:
1104:
1095:
1086:
998:
971:
962:
895:
860:
819:
677:
666:
617:
601:
592:
583:
494:
424:
50:
26:
21:
231:, or other chronic conditions that can be fatal.
107:Rhinoscleroma has been divided into 3 stages:
46:Photogravure of rhinoscleroma from Wolkowitsch.
2109:
557:
114:: It is characterised by features similar to
8:
258:for the paper. M. Kohn is the birth name of
243:. Hans von Hebra was the son of Czech born
3101:Recurrent toxin-mediated perineal erythema
2520:
2511:
2387:Mycobacterium aviumâintracellulare complex
2311:
2146:
2137:
2116:
2102:
2094:
2014:
1619:
1467:
1310:
1295:
1101:
1092:
968:
674:
614:
598:
589:
564:
550:
542:
421:
61:
37:
18:
2196:Cutaneous group B streptococcal infection
308:
3132:Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions
157:(diplobacillus), member of the family
153:, encapsulated, nonmotile, rod-shaped
2420:Rapid growing mycobacterium infection
1730:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
7:
2599:Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis
2161:Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
1115:Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus
330:
328:
326:
324:
3049:Chronic undermining burrowing ulcer
577:Gram-negative bacterial infections
14:
3007:Superficial pustular folliculitis
2604:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
934:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
536:Scleroma of the nose and pharynx.
341:. Shruti Dhingra (8th ed.).
241:Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift
2415:Primary inoculation tuberculosis
1150:Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus
1125:WaterhouseâFriderichsen syndrome
387:Garrison & Morton (GM 3277).
250:(1816â1880), founder of the New
2913:Gram-negative toe web infection
2489:Group JK corynebacterium sepsis
916:Human granulocytic anaplasmosis
2654:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
2476:Cutaneous diphtheria infection
2430:Tuberculosis cutis orificialis
2341:Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
2331:Borderline lepromatous leprosy
948:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
1:
2678:Primary gonococcal dermatitis
2624:Flinders Island spotted fever
764:Flinders Island spotted fever
3066:Blistering distal dactylitis
2594:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
2482:Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
2435:Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis
2219:Chronic recurrent erysipelas
1934:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
1258:Burkholderia cepacia complex
694:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
292:List of cutaneous conditions
252:Vienna School of Dermatology
3086:Blastomycosis-like pyoderma
2707:Chromobacteriosis infection
2619:Mediterranean spotted fever
1595:Far East scarlet-like fever
1589:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
1205:Chromobacteriosis infection
195:Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
141:Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
3148:
3106:Tick-borne lymphadenopathy
2908:Gram-negative folliculitis
248:Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra
2410:Papulonecrotic tuberculid
2395:Mycobacterium haemophilum
1395:Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
1230:Burkholderia pseudomallei
1199:Chromobacterium violaceum
1129:Meningococcal septicaemia
910:Anaplasma phagocytophilum
45:
36:
2903:Lymphogranuloma venereum
2609:Flea-borne spotted fever
2582:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
2576:American tick bite fever
2286:Erysipeloid of Rosenbach
2201:Streptococcal intertrigo
1870:Plesiomonas shigelloides
1652:Brazilian purpuric fever
1269:Bordetella parapertussis
1058:Bartonella bacilliformis
877:Flea-borne spotted fever
807:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
800:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
792:American tick bite fever
3034:Trichomycosis axillaris
2571:African tick bite fever
2546:North Asian tick typhus
2466:Cutaneous actinomycosis
2038:GuillainâBarrĂ© syndrome
1954:Cardiobacterium hominis
1914:Acinetobacter baumannii
1856:Vibrio parahaemolyticus
1575:Yersinia enterocolitica
1342:Klebsiella granulomatis
778:African tick bite fever
736:North Asian tick typhus
335:Dhingra, P. L. (2021).
81:upper respiratory tract
2746:Haemophilus influenzae
2690:Pasteurella hemolytica
2614:Japanese spotted fever
2566:Bacillary angiomatosis
2556:Flying squirrel typhus
2551:Queensland tick typhus
2440:Tuberculous cellulitis
2403:Mycobacterium kansasii
2125:Bacterial skin disease
1890:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1808:Francisella tularensis
1767:Legionella longbeachae
1763:Legionella pneumophila
1405:Enterobacter aerogenes
1050:Bacillary angiomatosis
844:Orientia tsutsugamushi
750:Queensland tick typhus
722:Japanese spotted fever
656:Flying squirrel typhus
369:DiBartolomeo. Page 14.
262:(1837â1902). In 1876,
184:A positive culture in
181:
3061:Elephantiasis nostras
3039:Necrotizing fasciitis
2952:Hospital furunculosis
2634:BrillâZinsser disease
2265:Dermatitis gangrenosa
1907:Moraxella catarrhalis
1773:Legionnaires' disease
1694:Pasteurella multocida
1324:Klebsiella pneumoniae
1121:Meningococcal disease
928:Ehrlichia chaffeensis
688:Rickettsia rickettsii
652:BrillâZinsser disease
642:Rickettsia prowazekii
172:
146:Klebsiella pneumoniae
3096:Chronic lymphangitis
2765:Hot tub folliculitis
2754:Pseudomonal pyoderma
2381:Miliary tuberculosis
2371:Lichen scrofulosorum
2171:Toxic shock syndrome
2068:Helicobacter cinaedi
2028:Campylobacter jejuni
1981:Aeromonas hydrophila
1863:Vibrio alginolyticus
1514:Shigella dysenteriae
1452:Citrobacter freundii
1409:Enterobacter cloacae
1265:Bordetella pertussis
744:Rickettsia australis
318:Palmer & Reeder.
264:Jan Mikulicz-Radecki
2985:Acute lymphadenitis
2978:Perianal cellulitis
2973:Pyogenic paronychia
2883:Chlamydia infection
2799:Granuloma inguinale
2773:Green nail syndrome
2769:Ecthyma gangrenosum
2644:Cat-scratch disease
2450:Tuberculoid leprosy
2361:Lepromatous leprosy
2208:Streptococcus iniae
2046:Helicobacter pylori
1536:Bacillary dysentery
1481:Salmonella enterica
1429:Serratia marcescens
1348:Granuloma inguinale
1244:Burkholderia mallei
1179:Eikenella corrodens
1027:Bartonella quintana
1019:Cat-scratch disease
1013:Bartonella henselae
730:Rickettsia sibirica
716:Rickettsia japonica
122:Granulomatous stage
57:Infectious diseases
3029:Pitted keratolysis
2940:Periapical abscess
2351:Erythema induratum
2336:Borderline leprosy
2326:Aquarium granuloma
2034:Campylobacteriosis
1945:Cardiobacteriaceae
1446:Citrobacter koseri
1356:Klebsiella oxytoca
786:Rickettsia parkeri
772:Rickettsia africae
702:Rickettsia conorii
495:External resources
197:(Mikulicz cells).
182:
159:Enterobacteriaceae
103:Signs and symptoms
3119:
3118:
3054:Fournier gangrene
2921:
2920:
2820:
2819:
2761:hot-foot syndrome
2734:Vibrio vulnificus
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2445:Tuberculous gumma
2301:
2300:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2019:Campylobacterales
2004:
2003:
1985:Aeromonas veronii
1849:Vibrio vulnificus
1781:Coxiella burnetii
1748:
1747:
1674:H. parainfluenzae
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1544:Proteus mirabilis
1491:Paratyphoid fever
1380:Enterohemorrhagic
1300:Enterobacteriales
1285:
1284:
1215:
1214:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1064:Carrion's disease
958:
957:
942:Ehrlichia ewingii
891:
890:
887:
886:
708:Boutonneuse fever
529:
528:
348:978-81-312-6386-0
128:Cicatricial stage
116:Atrophic Rhinitis
70:
69:
16:Medical condition
3139:
3091:Bullous impetigo
3012:Sycosis vulgaris
2826:Campylobacterota
2775:
2521:
2512:
2312:
2147:
2138:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2095:
2015:
1925:Xanthomonadaceae
1733:
1716:Actinobacillosis
1697:
1630:
1620:
1550:Proteus vulgaris
1468:
1365:Escherichia coli
1311:
1296:
1171:
1102:
1093:
982:Brucella abortus
969:
964:Hyphomicrobiales
871:Rickettsia felis
830:Rickettsia akari
758:Rickettsia honei
675:
628:Rickettsia typhi
615:
599:
590:
566:
559:
552:
543:
422:
410:
403:
397:
394:
388:
385:
379:
376:
370:
367:
361:
360:
332:
319:
316:
139:It is caused by
66:
65:
41:
19:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3115:
2927:
2917:
2841:
2816:
2752:
2711:
2697:Meningococcemia
2658:
2629:Verruga peruana
2536:Epidemic typhus
2493:
2454:
2356:Histoid leprosy
2317:
2297:
2269:
2244:
2235:Corynebacterium
2228:
2175:
2127:
2122:
2092:
2083:
2000:
1966:
1939:
1919:
1881:Pseudomonadales
1875:
1835:Vibrio cholerae
1820:
1793:
1744:
1727:
1722:
1691:
1686:
1623:
1601:
1557:Yersinia pestis
1501:
1457:
1414:
1370:Enterotoxigenic
1302:
1281:
1221:Burkholderiales
1211:
1185:Kingella kingae
1167:
1162:
1135:
1074:
1068:Verruga peruana
994:
954:
897:Anaplasmataceae
883:
856:
815:
669:
662:
648:Epidemic typhus
606:
579:
570:
530:
525:
524:
490:
489:
433:
419:
414:
413:
404:
400:
395:
391:
386:
382:
377:
373:
368:
364:
349:
334:
333:
322:
317:
310:
305:
283:
272:
237:
203:
167:
143:âsubspecies of
137:
105:
75:, is a chronic
60:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3145:
3143:
3135:
3134:
3124:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3111:Tropical ulcer
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3009:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2990:Pilonidal cyst
2987:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2961:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2931:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2893:Rat-bite fever
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2830:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2750:
2742:
2737:
2730:
2725:
2723:Pasteurellosis
2719:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2685:
2680:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2589:Rickettsialpox
2586:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2531:Endemic typhus
2527:
2525:
2518:
2516:Pseudomonadota
2509:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2383:
2378:
2376:Lupus vulgaris
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2316:Mycobacterium-
2309:
2307:Actinomycetota
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2152:Staphylococcus
2144:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2060:Gastric cancer
2042:
2041:
2040:
2023:
2021:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1949:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1885:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1803:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1758:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1710:Actinobacillus
1706:
1704:Pasteurellosis
1700:
1698:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1633:
1631:
1617:
1615:Pasteurellales
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1567:Bubonic plague
1553:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1424:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1375:Enteroinvasive
1372:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1319:
1317:
1308:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1261:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1225:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1174:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1145:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1004:
1002:
1000:Bartonellaceae
996:
995:
993:
992:
991:
990:
977:
975:
966:
960:
959:
956:
955:
953:
952:
951:
950:
938:
937:
936:
924:
923:
922:
901:
899:
893:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
882:
881:
880:
879:
866:
864:
858:
857:
855:
854:
853:
852:
840:
839:
838:
836:Rickettsialpox
825:
823:
817:
816:
814:
813:
812:
811:
796:
795:
794:
782:
781:
780:
768:
767:
766:
754:
753:
752:
740:
739:
738:
726:
725:
724:
712:
711:
710:
698:
697:
696:
683:
681:
672:
664:
663:
661:
660:
659:
658:
638:
637:
636:
623:
621:
612:
603:Rickettsiaceae
596:
587:
581:
580:
573:Pseudomonadota
571:
569:
568:
561:
554:
546:
540:
539:
534:DiBartolomeo,
527:
526:
523:
522:
511:
499:
498:
496:
492:
491:
488:
487:
476:
465:
450:
434:
429:
428:
426:
425:Classification
418:
417:External links
415:
412:
411:
405:DiBartolomeo (
398:
389:
380:
371:
362:
347:
320:
307:
306:
304:
301:
300:
299:
294:
289:
282:
279:
271:
268:
236:
233:
202:
199:
191:Russell bodies
186:MacConkey agar
166:
163:
136:
133:
132:
131:
125:
119:
112:Atrophic stage
104:
101:
68:
67:
54:
48:
47:
43:
42:
34:
33:
28:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3144:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3071:Botryomycosis
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2947:Boil/furuncle
2945:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2924:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:Leptospirosis
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2784:Salmonellosis
2782:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2741:
2740:Rhinoscleroma
2738:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2425:Scrofuloderma
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2224:Scarlet fever
2222:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2182:Streptococcus
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2114:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2056:MALT lymphoma
2053:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2007:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1972:Aeromonadales
1969:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1799:Thiotrichales
1796:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1754:Legionellales
1751:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1638:H. influenzae
1635:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1496:
1495:Salmonellosis
1492:
1488:
1487:Typhoid fever
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1330:Rhinoscleroma
1328:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1165:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1008:Bartonellosis
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
997:
989:
986:
985:
984:
983:
979:
978:
976:
974:
970:
967:
965:
961:
949:
946:
945:
944:
943:
939:
935:
932:
931:
930:
929:
925:
921:
917:
914:
913:
912:
911:
906:
903:
902:
900:
898:
894:
878:
875:
874:
873:
872:
868:
867:
865:
863:
859:
851:
848:
847:
846:
845:
841:
837:
834:
833:
832:
831:
827:
826:
824:
822:
818:
810:
808:
804:
803:
802:
801:
797:
793:
790:
789:
788:
787:
783:
779:
776:
775:
774:
773:
769:
765:
762:
761:
760:
759:
755:
751:
748:
747:
746:
745:
741:
737:
734:
733:
732:
731:
727:
723:
720:
719:
718:
717:
713:
709:
706:
705:
704:
703:
699:
695:
692:
691:
690:
689:
685:
684:
682:
680:
676:
673:
671:
665:
657:
653:
649:
646:
645:
644:
643:
639:
635:
634:Murine typhus
632:
631:
630:
629:
625:
624:
622:
620:
616:
613:
610:
609:Rickettsioses
604:
600:
597:
595:
594:Rickettsiales
591:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
567:
562:
560:
555:
553:
548:
547:
544:
538:
537:
532:
531:
521:
517:
516:
512:
510:
506:
505:
501:
500:
497:
493:
486:
482:
481:
477:
475:
471:
470:
466:
464:
460:
459:
455:
451:
449:
445:
444:
440:
436:
435:
432:
427:
423:
416:
408:
402:
399:
393:
390:
384:
381:
375:
372:
366:
363:
358:
354:
350:
344:
340:
339:
331:
329:
327:
325:
321:
315:
313:
309:
302:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
280:
278:
275:
269:
267:
265:
261:
260:Moritz Kaposi
257:
253:
249:
246:
245:dermatologist
242:
234:
232:
230:
226:
221:
219:
218:ciprofloxacin
215:
211:
208:(1g/day) and
207:
200:
198:
196:
192:
187:
179:
178:H&E stain
175:
171:
164:
162:
160:
156:
152:
151:gram-negative
148:
147:
142:
134:
129:
126:
123:
120:
117:
113:
110:
109:
108:
102:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
77:granulomatous
74:
73:Rhinoscleroma
64:
58:
55:
53:
49:
44:
40:
35:
32:
29:
25:
22:Rhinoscleroma
20:
3076:Malakoplakia
3002:Folliculitis
2926:Unspecified
2898:Lyme disease
2835:Helicobacter
2834:
2809:
2758:
2745:
2739:
2732:
2689:
2670:Gonococcemia
2581:
2561:Trench fever
2541:Scrub typhus
2481:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2346:Buruli ulcer
2315:
2290:
2260:Gas gangrene
2249:
2233:
2207:
2180:
2150:
2075:Helicobacter
2074:
2066:
2052:Peptic ulcer
2044:
2026:
1991:
1979:
1952:
1932:
1912:
1905:
1896:
1888:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1833:
1826:Vibrionaceae
1806:
1779:
1761:
1728:
1708:
1692:
1672:
1658:
1644:
1636:
1624:
1587:
1573:
1555:
1548:
1542:
1512:
1479:
1450:
1444:
1435:
1427:
1403:
1363:
1354:
1340:
1329:
1322:
1263:
1256:
1242:
1228:
1197:
1183:
1177:
1168:
1148:
1113:
1097:Neisseriales
1056:
1044:
1040:
1033:Trench fever
1025:
1011:
980:
973:Brucellaceae
940:
926:
920:Anaplasmosis
908:
905:Ehrlichiosis
869:
850:Scrub typhus
842:
828:
806:
798:
784:
770:
756:
742:
728:
714:
700:
686:
640:
626:
575:-associated
535:
513:
502:
478:
467:
452:
437:
406:
401:
392:
383:
374:
365:
337:
276:
273:
238:
222:
210:tetracycline
206:Streptomycin
204:
194:
183:
144:
140:
138:
127:
121:
111:
106:
72:
71:
30:
3081:Pyomyositis
2789:Shigellosis
2759:Pseudomonas
2683:Melioidosis
2649:Oroya fever
2639:Brucellosis
2471:Nocardiosis
2281:Listeriosis
2251:Clostridium
1897:Pseudomonas
1645:Haemophilus
1626:Haemophilus
1581:Yersiniosis
1532:Shigellosis
1236:Melioidosis
1045:B. quintana
1041:B. henselae
988:Brucellosis
504:MedlinePlus
270:Terminology
85:nasopharynx
27:Other names
2969:Paronychia
2964:Cellulitis
2837:cellulitis
2748:cellulitis
2688:Cutaneous
2292:Mycoplasma
2242:Erythrasma
2215:Erysipelas
2206:Cutaneous
2077:cellulitis
1660:H. ducreyi
1647:meningitis
1169:ungrouped:
862:Flea-borne
821:Mite-borne
679:Tick-borne
480:DiseasesDB
357:1301175490
303:References
287:Erythrasma
214:Rifampicin
174:Micrograph
2959:Carbuncle
2812:infection
2810:Aeromonas
2804:Chancroid
2728:Tularemia
2692:infection
2674:Gonorrhea
2584:infection
2484:infection
2405:infection
2397:infection
2389:infection
2210:infection
2142:Bacillota
1994:infection
1992:Aeromonas
1899:infection
1814:Tularemia
1666:Chancroid
1438:infection
1420:Slow/weak
1334:Pneumonia
1275:Pertussis
1156:Gonorrhea
809:infection
515:eMedicine
256:histology
201:Treatment
165:Diagnosis
52:Specialty
3126:Category
3044:Gangrene
2995:Pyoderma
2928:pathogen
2858:Syphilis
2853:Syphilid
2702:Glanders
2507:Gram -ve
2191:Impetigo
2166:Impetigo
2133:Gram +ve
1522:flexneri
1436:Serratia
1250:Glanders
520:derm/831
281:See also
229:bleeding
155:bacillus
31:Scleroma
3024:Ecthyma
2935:Abscess
2863:Chancre
2779:Q fever
2366:Leprosy
2318:related
1841:Cholera
1787:Q fever
1390:O104:H4
1385:O157:H7
1039:Either
668:Spotted
474:D012226
407:et alia
396:Frisch.
235:History
97:bronchi
93:trachea
3019:Pimple
2794:Plague
2459:Others
2274:Others
1563:Plague
1526:boydii
1518:sonnei
619:Typhus
509:001256
378:Hebra.
355:
345:
225:sepsis
135:Causes
95:, and
89:larynx
59:
2878:Bejel
2873:Pinta
2846:Other
2716:Gamma
2524:Alpha
1960:HACEK
1740:HACEK
1680:HACEK
1191:HACEK
670:fever
485:31327
463:040.1
448:A48.8
2868:Yaws
2663:Beta
1506:H2Sâ
1472:H2S+
1463:Lacâ
1315:Lac+
469:MeSH
458:9-CM
353:OCLC
343:ISBN
216:and
149:â a
1305:OXâ
1043:or
454:ICD
439:ICD
3128::
2971:/
2771:/
2767:/
2763:/
2756:/
2217:/
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2036:,
1534:,
1493:,
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1332:,
1141:Mâ
1127:,
1123:,
1106:M+
1066:,
1010::
918:,
907::
654:,
650:,
518::
507::
483::
472::
461::
446::
443:10
409:).
351:.
323:^
311:^
227:,
91:,
87:,
2676:/
2672:/
2117:e
2110:t
2103:v
2010:Δ
1983:/
1765:/
1628::
1565:/
1547:/
1524:/
1520:/
1516:/
1449:/
1407:/
1307:)
1303:(
1291:Îł
1267:/
1182:/
1088:ÎČ
611:)
607:(
605:/
585:α
565:e
558:t
551:v
456:-
441:-
431:D
359:.
180:.
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