1160:
mate with any and all males who present themselves. The female tick then spends 8.6 days in oviposition, during which time she will lay her eggs. On average, each female lays about 1450 eggs per brood. The eggs take about 21 days to hatch. Approximately 83.5% will survive to hatch into a free-living larval stage which lasts for 3.5 days. The larvae have their first feeding at this time, and their first molt 8 days later. At this point, the larvae have become nymphs. They will feed for 11 days before becoming adults.
2651:(Acari-Ixodidae) Canestrini, 1888 conocida comĂşnmente como la garrapata comĂşn del bovino, es sin dudas la más dañina de las garrapatas y el más dañino de los ectoparásitos, que afectan al ganado bovino, ya que provoca daños en la piel, anemias, baja condiciĂłn fĂsica, alteraciones reproductivas, decrecimiento en la producciĂłn de leche y carne, mortalidad de los animales y parálisis. Además es agente transmisor de hemoparásitos <r<NCBI. National Center for Biotechnology Information. NCBI Taxonomy browser
33:
1173:
2655:.></Barker, S. Murrel, A. 2008. Systematics and evolution of ticks with a list of valid genus and species names. Ticks: Biology disease and control Eds. A. Bowman y P. Nuttal. Cambridge University Press. 39 p.>Nari, A. 1995. Strategies for the control of one-host ticks and relationship with tick-borne diseases in South America. Veterinary Parasitology. 57:153-165>
754:. It is a small teardrop-shaped arachnid with a hardened plate called the scutum covering its head. Males are entirely covered in scutum on their backs with additional plates called festoons along their sides. The body can be brown or pale in nymphs and darkens as the tick matures. Adults have 8 cream-colored legs.
815:
is characterized by anemia, fever, and potentially multiple organ failure. This results in weight loss and lower milk production in infected cattle and therefore, massive economic losses in countries like Brazil where 80% of the cattle population is infected. R. microplus has also been shown to be a
1159:
has been examined under laboratory conditions using rabbit hosts. The average life cycle was determined to be approximately 65 days. The life cycle begins with an adult female which feeds for approximately 7 days before entering a 4-day pre-oviposition period. During pre-oviposition a female will
2254:
Nicaretta, JoĂŁo
Eduardo; dos Santos, Jordana Belos; Couto, Luiz Fellipe Monteiro; Heller, Luciana Maffini; Cruvinel, Leonardo Bueno; de Melo JĂşnior, Rubens Dias; de Assis Cavalcante, Alliny Souza; Zapa, Dina MarĂa Beltrán; Ferreira, Lorena Lopes; de Oliveira Monteiro, Caio Márcio; Soares, Vando
1207:
was deemed responsible for an estimated $ 63 billion in damages during the early 19th century. A control campaign began in 1906 and by 1943 it was considered complete, having eradicated most of the tick population other than a small region along the
776:
is best known for being a cattle parasite. However, it has also been discovered in a number of other animal hosts such as domestic water buffalo, wild and domestic goats, horses, wild pigs, various rat species, and humans.
1607:
Tan, Li Peng; Hamdan, Ruhil Hayati; Hassan, Basripuzi Nurul Hayyan; Reduan, Mohd Farhan Hanif; Okene, Ibrahim Abdul-Azeez; Loong, Shih Keng; Khoo, Jing Jing; Samsuddin, Ahmad
Syazwan; Lee, Seng Hua (July 2021).
1999:
Giles, John R.; Peterson, A. Townsend; Busch, Joseph D.; Olafson, Pia U.; Scoles, Glen A.; Davey, Ronald B.; Pound, J. Mathews; Kammlah, Diane M.; Lohmeyer, Kimberly H.; Wagner, David M. (2014-04-17).
1331:
generation. This has been shown to be effective in reducing the tick population. However, the amount of time a pasture needs to remain empty means it isn't generally economically viable for farmers.
761:
the hypostome has a hexagonal base (basis capitulum) which can be used as an identifying characteristic. Ticks may be identified by the arrangement of hair-like structures called setae. In
2116:
1790:
Biguezoton, Abel; Noel, Valerie; Adehan, Safiou; Adakal, Hassane; Dayo, Guiguigbaza-Kossigan; Zoungrana, SĂ©bastien; Farougou, SouaĂŻbou; Chevillon, Christine (2016-06-22).
1445:
1281:, but Mexico has a high prevalence and a high prevalence of acaricide resistance. This technique could also be applied in other countries where pyrethroid resistant
2561:
826:
causes fluid buildup around the heart in cattle and other species, a condition with an 80% mortality rate, causing significant economic damage in infected areas.
2587:
1293:
1224:, and it is now considered the most resistant tick ever. Other control methods include ivermectin, a common anti-parasitic. In Mexico, it has been shown that
1323:
life cycle. A large pasture is divided up into multiple regions that cattle are moved between regularly. The rotation time is based on the time it takes the
2374:
Chatonnet, Arnaud; Lenfant, Nicolas; Marchot, Pascale; Selkirk, Murray E. (2017-04-05). "Natural genomic amplification of cholinesterase genes in animals".
1507:
1453:
2680:
2535:
2385:
747:
in the world. It is known as the
Australian cattle tick, southern cattle tick, Cuban tick, Madagascar blue tick, and Puerto Rican Texas fever tick.
2574:
1130:
1126:
1212:. In the modern day, the standard form of control is spraying of acaricides: a type of pesticide that targets ticks and mites. Overuse of
1297:
2675:
2190:
Senbill, Haytham; Hazarika, Lakshmi Kanta; Baruah, Aiswarya; Borah, Deepak Kumar; Bhattacharyya, Badal; Rahman, Sahidur (2018-06-12).
2111:
1095:
1491:"High-resolution melt (HRM) analysis for detection of SNPs associated with pyrethroid resistance in the southern cattle fever tick,
1432:
2084:
Estrada-Peña, A., J. M. Venzal, S. Nava, A. Mangold, A. A. Guglielmone, M. B. Labruna, and J. D. L. Fuente. 2012. Reinstatement of
2208:
1695:
1327:
eggs to hatch. If timed correctly, the larvae in an area only become viable after the cattle have moved, leading to loss of that
1013:
1449:
849:
is generally found between 32°N and 32°S, a region strongly overlapping with major cattle breeding countries and territories.
2579:
1489:
Klafke, Guilherme; Miller, Robert; Tidwell, Jason; Thomas, Donald; Sanchez, Daniela; Arroyo, Teresa; Leon, Adalberto (2019).
1114:
2097:
1573:
1516:
2509:
1274:
2265:
2143:
Nava, Santiago; Gamietea, Ignacio J.; Morel, Nicolas; Guglielmone, Alberto A.; Estrada-Pena, Agustin (6 July 2022).
1874:
2685:
1397:– via The Center for Food Security & Public Health, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine.
1319:
Another management option that has shown promise is the use of pasture rotation. This is based on knowledge of the
2592:
2376:
2060:
1340:
1239:
was considered as another option, however, the original Bm86-based vaccines have shown limited efficacy against
1229:
845:
has dramatically spread from its original range, making it to the United States between 4 and 5 centuries ago.
2145:"Assessment of habitat suitability for the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in temperate areas"
2326:
1869:
1931:
Ali, Abid; Parizi, LuĂs
Fernando; Ferreira, Beatriz Rossetti; Vaz Junior, Itabajara da Silva (2016-04-19).
2477:
2144:
2005:
1804:
1758:
2514:
2455:
1673:
Howell, Jeanne M.; Ueti, Massaro W.; Palmer, Guy H.; Scoles, Glen A.; Knowles, Donald P. (October 2007).
1368:
1255:
1005:
818:
154:
32:
808:
2317:
2256:
1860:
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1251:
1221:
1110:
853:
2316:
Fernández-Salas, A.; RodrĂguez-Vivas, R. I.; Alonso-DĂaz, M. A.; Basurto-Camberos, H. (2012-11-23).
1426:
Kumar, Rinesh; Sharma, Anil; Ghosh, Srikant (2020). "Menace of acaricide resistance in cattle tick,
1300:
has been stymied because, although there are only three AChEs in this genome, all three have a high
1147:
countries once their autumns and winters become warmer by about 2–2.75 °C (3.60–4.95 °F).
1949:
1618:
1033:
865:
811:
which is ranked as the most economically important arthropod-transmitted illness in cattle. Bovine
172:
2427:
2298:
2233:
2172:
1473:
1209:
1136:
182:
45:
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2613:
2522:
2419:
2411:
2351:
2343:
2290:
2282:
2225:
2164:
2042:
2024:
1978:
1908:
1900:
1841:
1823:
1730:
1712:
1655:
1637:
1581:
1552:
1534:
1465:
1675:"Persistently Infected Calves as Reservoirs for Acquisition and Transovarial Transmission of
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2401:
2393:
2389:
2335:
2274:
2217:
2156:
2032:
2014:
1968:
1958:
1890:
1882:
1831:
1813:
1767:
1748:
Matysiak, A.; Dudko, P.; Dudek, K.; Dudek, M.; Junkuszew, A.; Tryjanowski, P. (2016-09-13).
1720:
1704:
1645:
1627:
1542:
1524:
1457:
897:
797:
785:
2600:
1106:
765:
the setae are arranged in rows of two or three along the tick's body behind the scutum.
2670:
2652:
2037:
2000:
1836:
1791:
1725:
1674:
1650:
1609:
1547:
1490:
1266:
1053:
1269:
mutants. Such alleles can be rapidly detected in a border livestock inspection by PCR+
1172:
2664:
2302:
2176:
1477:
1441:
1087:
921:
803:
791:
117:
2431:
2237:
2527:
2191:
1017:
744:
2339:
1886:
1529:
1461:
2548:
1963:
1932:
1301:
1091:
1009:
1001:
913:
2500:
2278:
2160:
1818:
1772:
1749:
1632:
1247:
981:
977:
969:
961:
925:
857:
812:
732:
2415:
2347:
2286:
2229:
2028:
1982:
1904:
1827:
1716:
1641:
1538:
2019:
1213:
1144:
1102:
1068:
1045:
1021:
985:
949:
933:
889:
736:
131:
68:
2423:
2406:
2355:
2294:
2168:
2046:
1912:
1845:
1734:
1659:
1556:
1469:
1090:, it has since been eradicated there, except for sporadic occurrences in a
2605:
2494:
2221:
1708:
1520:
1061:
1029:
1025:
993:
941:
917:
905:
893:
877:
861:
751:
104:
80:
2001:"Invasive potential of cattle fever ticks in the southern United States"
1973:
2540:
1049:
1041:
953:
909:
885:
873:
841:. However, due to the centuries-long movement of cattle around Europe,
2553:
2397:
1895:
2096:(Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of the adult and larval stages.
1057:
1037:
989:
973:
965:
937:
881:
869:
740:
56:
2471:
2112:"Organizing and Conducting State-wide Tick Eradication in Louisiana"
1232:, meaning this treatment is becoming less effective year over year.
957:
945:
838:
1508:
International
Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance
837:
was originally found in the tropical and sub-tropical forests of
1454:
World
Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology
997:
929:
901:
728:
92:
2475:
1109:
in 1917 signed legislation sponsored by freshman State
Senator
2204:
Canestrini 1888 (Acari: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions"
1167:
1250:
are commonly used however this has led to the development of
2257:"Evaluation of rotational grazing as a control strategy for
1117:
to authorize state funding to eradicate the cattle tick.
2318:"Ivermectin resistance status and factors associated in
1316:, 2015 toward identifying acaricide resistance alleles.
783:
serves as a vector for numerous pathogens, most notably
2369:
2367:
2365:
1184:
2117:
Journal of the
American Veterinary Medical Association
1430:
in India: Status and possible mitigation strategies".
2653:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy/?term=ixodidae
2322:(Acari: Ixodidae) populations from Veracruz, Mexico"
1203:
Management efforts in the United States began after
2484:
2255:Edesio; Lopes, Welber Daniel Zanetti (2020-08-01).
743:, on which it is the most economically significant
1446:American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists
1298:acetylcholinesterase (AChE) mutations responsible
443:Castellani & Chalmers, 1910 (misapplied name)
1079:, which was reinstated as a sibling species of
750:It is classified as a hard tick in the family
1614:Tick: A Contextual Review for Southeast Asia"
1294:resistance to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
1228:populations are developing varying levels of
8:
856:, Asian blue tick is found specifically in
2472:
1273:testing. This is especially useful on the
1143:could become established in the currently
272:Boophilus (Margaropus) annulatus australis
31:
20:
2405:
2192:"Life cycle of the southern cattle tick,
2036:
2018:
1972:
1962:
1894:
1835:
1817:
1771:
1724:
1649:
1631:
1546:
1528:
2386:International Society for Neurochemistry
1450:European Veterinary Parasitology College
344:Boophilus (Uroboophilus) rotundiscutatus
2632:
1933:"A revision of two distinct species of
1352:
2456:A revision of two distinct species of
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1131:Effects of climate change on livestock
1127:Climate change and infectious diseases
328:Boophilus (Uroboophilus) longiscutatus
2249:
2247:
1994:
1992:
1304:. Progress has been made by Bellgard
1258:resistances. Acaricide resistance in
496:Rhipicephalus annulatus argentinensis
7:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1785:
1783:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1086:Having formerly been present in the
739:and wild mammal species, especially
371:Ruotsalainen, 1903 (misapplied name)
1517:Australian Society for Parasitology
1277:where the US has almost eradicated
1243:as compared to other tick species.
320:Boophilus (Uroboophilus) krijgsmani
280:Boophilus (Palpoboophilus) minningi
504:Rhipicephalus annulatus argentinus
336:Boophilus (Uroboophilus) microplus
14:
536:Rhipicephalus annulatus microplus
528:Rhipicephalus annulatus microplus
512:Rhipicephalus annulatus australis
288:Boophilus (Uroboophilus) caudatus
2209:Systematic and Applied Acarology
2110:Earnest I. Smith (August 1918).
1859:Allsopp, Basil A. (2010-02-10).
1754:ticks from cattle in Madagascar"
1750:"The occurrence of pathogens in
1696:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
1171:
1075:are now recognized to belong to
1014:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
520:Rhipicephalus annulatus caudatus
480:Rhipicaphalus annulatus caudatus
435:Castellani & Chalmers, 1910
408:Margaropus annulatus microphilus
352:Boophilus (Uroboophilus) sharifi
304:Boophilus (Uroboophilus) distans
296:Boophilus (Uroboophilus) cyclops
2681:Parasitic arthropods of mammals
727:) is an economically important
411:Castellani & Chalmers, 1919
379:Castellani & Chalmers, 1910
376:Margaropus annulatus argentinus
312:Boophilus (Uroboophilus) fallax
2266:Research in Veterinary Science
2149:Research in Veterinary Science
1875:Ticks and Tick-borne Pathogens
416:Margaropus annulatus microplus
400:Margaropus annulatus mexicanus
384:Margaropus annulatus australis
219:Arnold, 1935 (misapplied name)
200:Boophilus annulatus calcaratus
1:
2098:Journal of Medical Entomology
1367:Spickler, Anna Rovid (2022).
392:Margaropus annulatus caudatus
264:Boophilus microplus annulatus
224:Boophilus annulatus microplus
192:Boophilus annulatus australis
2340:10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.06.003
1887:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.014
1530:10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.03.001
1462:10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.108993
669:Uroboophilus rotundiscutatus
216:Boophilus annulatus microdus
208:Boophilus annulatus caudatus
1964:10.1590/0103-8478cr20151416
1275:United States-Mexico border
1235:Vaccinating cattle against
235:Stiles & Hassall, 1901
2707:
2279:10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.006
2161:10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.04.020
1124:
1071:once thought to belong to
645:Uroboophilus longiscutatus
459:Hunter & Hooker, 1907
2676:Animals described in 1888
2377:Journal of Neurochemistry
1819:10.1186/s13071-016-1651-x
1633:10.3390/pathogens10070821
1341:Ticks of domestic animals
661:Uroboophilus occidentalis
464:Palpoboophilus brachyuris
188:
181:
160:
153:
46:Scientific classification
44:
39:
30:
23:
1230:resistance to ivermectin
2486:Rhipicephalus microplus
2327:Veterinary Parasitology
2320:Rhipicephalus microplus
2259:Rhipicephalus microplus
2020:10.1186/1756-3305-7-189
2006:Parasites & Vectors
1870:Veterinary Parasitology
1805:Parasites & Vectors
1798:Rhipicephalus microplus
1773:10.17221/59/2016-VETMED
1752:Rhipicephalus microplus
1576:Rhipicephalus microplus
1433:Veterinary Parasitology
1428:Rhipicephalus microplus
1139:research suggests that
835:Rhipicephalus microplus
774:Rhipicephalus microplus
718:Rhipicephalus microplus
637:Uroboophilus krijgsmani
552:Rhipicephalus microplus
488:Rhipicaphalus australis
472:Palpoboophilus minningi
248:Boophilus intraoculatus
164:Rhipicephalus microplus
25:Rhipicephalus microplus
1484:...cites this study...
653:Uroboophilus microplus
589:Uroboophilus australis
544:Rhipicephalus caudatus
440:Margaropus microphilus
360:Haemaphysalis micropla
2261:in a tropical region"
1863:Ehrlichia ruminantium
1794:Ehrlichia ruminantium
1296:. The search for the
1285:is a common problem.
1222:developing resistance
1216:has resulted in some
1006:Saint Kitts and Nevis
819:Ehrlichia ruminantium
685:Uroboophilus sinensis
597:Uroboophilus caudatus
403:Macias Valadez, 1923
2222:10.11158/saa.23.6.12
1861:"Natural history of
1759:VeterinárnĂ MedicĂna
1709:10.1128/JCM.00766-07
1312:, 2012, and Bendele
1288:Some populations of
1271:High Resolution Melt
1111:Norris C. Williamson
1067:Tick populations in
854:cosmopolitan species
807:are responsible for
677:Uroboophilus sharifi
629:Uroboophilus indicus
613:Uroboophilus distans
605:Uroboophilus cyclops
456:Margaropus microplus
424:Margaropus australis
1487: •
1424: •
1115:East Carroll Parish
1034:Trinidad and Tobago
866:Antigua and Barbuda
724:Boophilus microplus
621:Uroboophilus fallax
448:Margaropus micropla
432:Margaropus caudatus
256:Boophilus microplus
232:Boophilus australis
1574:"Species Details:
1503:(Acari: Ixodidae)"
1456:(WAAVP)): 108993.
1210:Southern US border
1183:. You can help by
1155:The life cycle of
1137:veterinary science
240:Boophilus caudatus
2686:Arachnids of Asia
2629:
2628:
2614:Open Tree of Life
2478:Taxon identifiers
2398:10.1111/jnc.13990
1703:(10): 3155–3159.
1582:Catalogue of Life
1578:Canestrini, 1888"
1201:
1200:
809:bovine babesiosis
695:
694:
689:
681:
673:
665:
657:
649:
641:
633:
625:
617:
609:
601:
593:
572:
556:
555:Canestrini, 1890
548:
540:
532:
524:
516:
508:
500:
492:
484:
476:
468:
460:
452:
444:
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300:
292:
284:
276:
268:
260:
252:
244:
236:
228:
220:
212:
204:
196:
176:
146:R. microplus
2698:
2656:
2637:
2622:
2621:
2609:
2608:
2596:
2595:
2583:
2582:
2570:
2569:
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2531:
2530:
2518:
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2505:
2504:
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2473:
2436:
2435:
2409:
2371:
2360:
2359:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2251:
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2241:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2107:
2101:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2040:
2022:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1976:
1966:
1957:(7): 1240–1248.
1928:
1917:
1916:
1898:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1821:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1775:
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1728:
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1564:
1560:
1550:
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1481:
1416:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1364:
1308:, 2012, Temeyer
1196:
1193:
1175:
1168:
822:in West Africa.
786:Babesia bigemina
687:
679:
671:
663:
655:
647:
639:
631:
623:
615:
607:
599:
591:
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554:
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474:
466:
458:
450:
442:
434:
426:
418:
410:
402:
394:
386:
378:
370:
368:Ixodes australis
363:Canestrini, 1888
362:
354:
346:
338:
330:
322:
314:
306:
298:
290:
282:
275:Toumanoff, 1944
274:
266:
258:
250:
242:
234:
226:
218:
210:
202:
194:
170:
166:
40:female and male
35:
21:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2617:
2612:
2604:
2601:Observation.org
2599:
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2573:
2565:
2560:
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2539:
2534:
2526:
2521:
2513:
2508:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2480:
2452:
2445:
2443:Further reading
2440:
2439:
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2372:
2363:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2189:
2188:
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2141:
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2127:
2125:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2059:
2058:
2054:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1930:
1929:
1920:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1800:in West Africa"
1789:
1788:
1781:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1606:
1605:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1488:
1425:
1417:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1366:
1365:
1354:
1349:
1337:
1292:have developed
1262:is mediated by
1246:Acaricides and
1197:
1191:
1188:
1181:needs expansion
1166:
1153:
1133:
1123:
1107:Ruffin Pleasant
832:
771:
699:Asian blue tick
177:
168:
162:
149:
135:
121:
107:
95:
83:
71:
59:
17:
16:Species of tick
12:
11:
5:
2704:
2702:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2610:
2597:
2584:
2571:
2558:
2545:
2532:
2519:
2506:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2451:
2450:External links
2448:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2361:
2334:(1): 210–215.
2308:
2243:
2182:
2135:
2120:. New Series.
2102:
2077:
2052:
1988:
1918:
1881:(2): 123–135.
1851:
1779:
1766:(9): 516–523.
1740:
1665:
1594:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1485:
1482:
1422:
1421:This review...
1418:
1400:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1333:
1267:sodium channel
1199:
1198:
1178:
1176:
1165:
1162:
1152:
1149:
1122:
1121:Climate change
1119:
1096:Mexican border
1054:Virgin Islands
831:
828:
824:E. ruminantium
770:
767:
693:
692:
691:
690:
682:
674:
672:Kishida, 1939
666:
664:Minning, 1936
658:
656:Kishida, 1939
650:
642:
640:Kishida, 1939
634:
632:Minning, 1936
626:
624:Kishida, 1939
618:
610:
608:Schulze, 1936
602:
600:Kishida, 1939
594:
592:Kishida, 1939
586:
573:
557:
549:
541:
539:Neumann, 1901
533:
525:
523:Neumann, 1901
517:
515:Neumann, 1901
509:
507:Neumann, 1901
501:
499:Neumann, 1901
493:
485:
483:Neumann, 1897
477:
469:
461:
453:
451:Neumann, 1911
445:
437:
429:
421:
413:
405:
397:
389:
387:Newstead, 1909
381:
373:
365:
357:
355:Minning, 1934
349:
347:Minning, 1934
341:
333:
331:Minning, 1934
325:
323:Minning, 1934
317:
309:
307:Minning, 1934
301:
299:Minning, 1934
293:
291:Minning, 1934
285:
283:Kishida, 1936
277:
269:
261:
253:
251:Minning, 1936
245:
243:Lahille, 1905
237:
229:
227:Lahille, 1905
221:
213:
205:
197:
186:
185:
179:
178:
169:
158:
157:
151:
150:
143:
141:
137:
136:
129:
127:
123:
122:
115:
113:
109:
108:
103:
101:
97:
96:
91:
89:
85:
84:
79:
77:
73:
72:
67:
65:
61:
60:
55:
53:
49:
48:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2703:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2641:Rhipicephalus
2636:
2633:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2458:Rhipicephalus
2454:
2453:
2449:
2447:
2442:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2407:10044/1/48129
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2194:Rhipicephalus
2186:
2183:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2136:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2086:Rhipicephalus
2081:
2078:
2066:
2064:
2063:Rhipicephalus
2056:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1950:CiĂŞncia Rural
1946:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:Rhipicephalus
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1855:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1744:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1681:Rhipicephalus
1678:
1677:Babesia bovis
1669:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1612:Rhipicephalus
1603:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1569:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1493:Rhipicephalus
1486:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:(EVPC) &
1451:
1448:(AAVP) &
1447:
1443:
1442:Elsevier B.V.
1439:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:Rhipicephalus
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1195:
1186:
1182:
1179:This section
1177:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1088:United States
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
922:French Guiana
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
898:Cote D'Ivoire
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
829:
827:
825:
821:
820:
814:
810:
806:
805:
800:
799:
794:
793:
788:
787:
782:
778:
775:
768:
766:
764:
760:
755:
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
735:a variety of
734:
730:
726:
725:
720:
719:
714:
713:
709:
705:
704:Rhipicephalus
700:
688:Schulze, 1935
686:
683:
680:Kishida, 1939
678:
675:
670:
667:
662:
659:
654:
651:
648:Kishida, 1939
646:
643:
638:
635:
630:
627:
622:
619:
616:Schulze, 1935
614:
611:
606:
603:
598:
595:
590:
587:
585:
581:
577:
576:Rhipicephalus
574:
571:Neumann, 1904
569:
565:
561:
560:Rhipicephalus
558:
553:
550:
545:
542:
537:
534:
531:Neumann, 1901
529:
526:
521:
518:
513:
510:
505:
502:
497:
494:
491:Fuller, 1899
489:
486:
481:
478:
475:Kishida, 1939
473:
470:
467:Kishida, 1939
465:
462:
457:
454:
449:
446:
441:
438:
433:
430:
427:Manson, 1907
425:
422:
417:
414:
409:
406:
401:
398:
395:Neumann, 1911
393:
390:
385:
382:
377:
374:
369:
366:
361:
358:
353:
350:
345:
342:
339:Minning, 1934
337:
334:
329:
326:
321:
318:
315:Minning, 1934
313:
310:
305:
302:
297:
294:
289:
286:
281:
278:
273:
270:
265:
262:
259:Lahille, 1905
257:
254:
249:
246:
241:
238:
233:
230:
225:
222:
217:
214:
211:Lahille, 1905
209:
206:
201:
198:
195:Lahille, 1905
193:
190:
189:
187:
184:
180:
174:
167:
165:
159:
156:
155:Binomial name
152:
148:
147:
142:
139:
138:
134:
133:
128:
125:
124:
120:
119:
118:Rhipicephalus
114:
111:
110:
106:
102:
99:
98:
94:
90:
87:
86:
82:
78:
75:
74:
70:
66:
63:
62:
58:
54:
51:
50:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2485:
2466:R. australis
2465:
2462:R. microplus
2461:
2457:
2446:
2381:
2375:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2311:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2185:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2126:. Retrieved
2121:
2115:
2105:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2068:. Retrieved
2062:
2055:
2010:
2004:
1974:10183/147176
1954:
1948:
1943:R. australis
1942:
1939:R. microplus
1938:
1934:
1878:
1868:
1862:
1854:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1763:
1757:
1751:
1743:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1668:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1585:. Retrieved
1575:
1568:
1523:): 100–111.
1512:
1506:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1437:
1431:
1427:
1391:. Retrieved
1383:R. australis
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1329:R. microplus
1328:
1325:R. microplus
1324:
1321:R. microplus
1320:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1290:R. microplus
1289:
1287:
1283:R. microplus
1282:
1279:R. microplus
1278:
1263:
1260:R. microplus
1259:
1245:
1241:R. microplus
1240:
1237:R. microplus
1236:
1234:
1226:R. microplus
1225:
1220:populations
1218:R. microplus
1217:
1205:R. microplus
1204:
1202:
1192:January 2021
1189:
1185:adding to it
1180:
1157:R. microplus
1156:
1154:
1141:R. microplus
1140:
1134:
1100:
1085:
1081:R. microplus
1080:
1077:R. australis
1076:
1073:R. microplus
1072:
1066:
1018:South Africa
851:
847:R. microplus
846:
843:R. microplus
842:
834:
833:
830:Distribution
823:
817:
802:
796:
790:
784:
781:R. microplus
780:
779:
773:
772:
763:R. microplus
762:
759:R. microplus
758:
756:
749:
745:ectoparasite
723:
722:
717:
716:
711:
707:
703:
702:
698:
696:
684:
676:
668:
660:
652:
644:
636:
628:
620:
612:
604:
596:
588:
583:
579:
575:
567:
563:
559:
551:
547:Fuller, 1899
543:
535:
527:
519:
511:
503:
495:
487:
479:
471:
463:
455:
447:
439:
431:
423:
415:
407:
399:
391:
383:
375:
367:
359:
351:
343:
335:
327:
319:
311:
303:
295:
287:
279:
271:
267:Floch, 1956
263:
255:
247:
239:
231:
223:
215:
207:
203:Sharif, 1928
199:
191:
163:
161:
145:
144:
130:
116:
24:
18:
2639:La especie
2549:iNaturalist
2216:(6): 1169.
2100:49:794-802.
2070:11 February
1587:11 February
1302:copy number
1256:pyrethroid-
1248:pyrethroids
1105:, Governor
1092:buffer zone
1010:Saint Lucia
1002:Puerto Rico
914:El Salvador
816:vector for
798:B. bigemina
733:parasitises
419:Rohr, 1909
2665:Categories
2392:): 73–81.
2013:(1): 189.
1896:2263/16002
1812:(1): 354.
1626:(7): 821.
1347:References
1252:acaricide-
1214:acaricides
1151:Life cycle
1125:See also:
1094:along the
982:Mozambique
978:Montserrat
970:Martinique
962:Madagascar
926:Guadeloupe
858:Costa Rica
813:babesiosis
769:Parasitism
568:argentinus
173:Canestrini
126:Subgenus:
69:Arthropoda
2649:microplus
2645:Boophilus
2416:0022-3042
2348:0304-4017
2303:216108204
2287:0034-5288
2273:: 92–97.
2230:1362-1971
2202:microplus
2198:Boophilus
2177:250252036
2155:: 10–21.
2094:australis
2090:Boophilus
2029:1756-3305
1983:0103-8478
1905:0304-4017
1828:1756-3305
1717:0095-1137
1689:microplus
1685:Boophilus
1642:2076-0817
1619:Pathogens
1539:2211-3207
1501:microplus
1497:Boophilus
1480:. 108993.
1478:210715482
1379:microplus
1375:Boophilus
1145:temperate
1103:Louisiana
1083:in 2012.
1069:Australia
1046:Venezuela
1022:Sri Lanka
986:Nicaragua
950:Indonesia
934:Guatemala
890:Argentina
852:Nearly a
737:livestock
712:microplus
708:Boophilus
584:microplus
580:Boophilus
564:Boophilus
140:Species:
132:Boophilus
81:Arachnida
52:Kingdom:
2691:Ixodidae
2567:11358839
2501:Q4808965
2495:Wikidata
2432:34155509
2424:28382676
2356:22785128
2295:32325299
2238:89753898
2169:35803002
2128:July 25,
2124:(5): 639
2047:24742062
1913:19836892
1846:27334439
1796:infects
1735:17687016
1660:34208961
1557:30889438
1521:Elsevier
1470:31954273
1393:20 March
1335:See also
1062:Zimbabwe
1056:(U.S.),
1030:Tanzania
1026:Suriname
994:Paraguay
942:Honduras
918:Ethiopia
906:Dominica
894:Colombia
878:Barbados
862:Anguilla
804:B. bovis
792:B. bovis
752:Ixodidae
183:Synonyms
105:Ixodidae
100:Family:
64:Phylum:
57:Animalia
2580:1117128
2541:2183657
2038:4021724
1837:4918008
1726:2045367
1651:8308476
1548:6423475
1519:(ASP) (
1164:Control
1050:Vietnam
1042:Uruguay
954:Jamaica
910:Ecuador
886:Bolivia
874:Bahamas
175:, 1888)
112:Genus:
93:Ixodida
88:Order:
76:Class:
2619:621053
2606:561691
2554:262659
2515:174043
2430:
2422:
2414:
2354:
2346:
2301:
2293:
2285:
2236:
2228:
2175:
2167:
2045:
2035:
2027:
1981:
1911:
1903:
1844:
1834:
1826:
1733:
1723:
1715:
1658:
1648:
1640:
1555:
1545:
1537:
1476:
1468:
1314:et al.
1310:et al.
1306:et al.
1058:Zambia
1038:Uganda
990:Panama
974:Mexico
966:Malawi
938:Guyana
882:Belize
870:Brazil
741:cattle
2671:Ticks
2562:IRMNG
2528:78TGT
2428:S2CID
2390:Wiley
2299:S2CID
2234:S2CID
2173:S2CID
1474:S2CID
1388:(PDF)
1135:Some
958:Libya
946:India
839:India
731:that
721:, or
2593:6941
2588:NCBI
2575:ITIS
2536:GBIF
2510:BOLD
2464:and
2420:PMID
2412:ISSN
2352:PMID
2344:ISSN
2291:PMID
2283:ISSN
2226:ISSN
2165:PMID
2130:2013
2072:2017
2065:spp"
2043:PMID
2025:ISSN
1979:ISSN
1941:and
1909:PMID
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