Rhodesia Information Centre

520:

Industry believed that McEwen's letter had committed it to meet with Cresswell-George, and the latter visited the department's offices on 2 December 1966. The Department of Trade and Industry officers who met with Cresswell-George stressed that they did not accept his claim to represent Rhodesia and that the Australian government was not considering recognising the country. Cresswell-George explained the goals and composition of the proposed delegation, which was to have included a senior government officer and two business people. In response, the Australian officers indicated that while Rhodesian business people could visit Australia individually or as a group to investigate future trade opportunities, the government would not recognise them as an official delegation or provide any forms of assistance.

865: 535:, and sought information about it. This resolution had been enacted in May 1968, and tightened the restrictions on trade and government to government contact with Rhodesia. The Australian government's response in May 1971 noted that the RIC had been established before Security Council Resolution 253 was adopted. It was also stated that "so far as the Australian Government is concerned, the centre is a private office and neither the office not its personnel have any official status whatsoever", and the government did "not correspond with the office or acknowledge any correspondence from it". The United Nations Sanctions Committee did not take any further steps. 319: 544: 527:, which was adopted in 1970 and called on UN member states to "ensure that any act performed by officials and institutions of the illegal regime in Southern Rhodesia shall not be accorded any recognition, official or otherwise, including judicial notice, by the competent organs of their State". By the early 1970s the Department of Foreign Affairs was encouraging the government to more strongly enforce sanctions against Rhodesia. The department favoured taking steps to close the RIC, but did not pursue this as the 630:

about enforcing sanctions against Rhodesia. Bowen concurred, and told Chipp that easing the regulations would help the Rhodesian regime disseminate propaganda in Australia. In July 1972 the government announced that it would not renew the Australian passports that had been issued to the head of the Rhodesian Ministry of External Affairs and the Rhodesian representatives in Portugal and South Africa on the grounds that they were working for a government that Australia did not recognise.

793: 821:. He believed that action against the white minority governments in Rhodesia and South Africa should be a priority for his government's foreign policies on both ethical and geopolitical grounds. Opinion within the coalition government's elected members was split on this issue, with some openly supporting the continuation of white minority rule in Rhodesia. 861:, the centre's director, argued that Australia was not bound to enforce United Nations resolutions, that the High Court had upheld the centre's legality and that closing the centre would violate the principle of freedom of speech. He noted that the Liberal Party's platform included commitments to protect individual liberties and freedom of speech. 676:' consent was needed to register an organisation of that name given that it implied a connection with the Rhodesian government. As part of this case the Whitlam government provided a certificate confirming that it did not recognise the Rhodesian government or people who claimed to represent it. The RIC lodged an appeal, in part on the basis that a 909:

was "too dragnet in its approach" and directed that it be redrafted to better protect freedom of speech. This deferment became indefinite. While the opposition Labor Party would have provided enough votes for the legislation to pass parliament, Fraser was not willing to expose himself and his government to a major

566:, using the same terminology as it applied to the overt diplomatic posts in Portugal and South Africa. Other documents provided examples of how the RIC was attempting to influence politicians and journalists, including by offering free trips to Rhodesia, and indicated extensive collaboration with the far-right 898:

argued that closing the centre would violate freedom of speech and give the United Nations excessive influence over Australian domestic policies. He also stated that the Rhodesian government was "less menacing to our national interests than Soviet Russia and China". Richardson's decision in September

519:

told the Department of Trade and Industry in late November that such a meeting would violate government policy against contact with the Rhodesian regime and could embarrass the government. It recommended that the department write to Cresswell-George declining the meeting. The Department of Trade and

392:

The Rhodesian Information Service in Melbourne was closed in 1967, and replaced with the Rhodesian Information Centre (RIC) in Sydney. The centre was led by Keith Chalmers, a former Rhodesian diplomat. Chalmers had arrived in Australia in 1967 and was granted Australian citizenship in July 1969. The

232:

The lack of international recognition greatly constrained Rhodesia's ability to operate diplomatic missions in other countries. Only the South African and Portuguese governments were willing to permit Rhodesian diplomats to be stationed in their country. Rhodesian diplomatic missions were maintained

144:

resolutions, including some that specifically targeted it and the other Rhodesian diplomatic posts. The RIC had little impact, with Australian media coverage of the Rhodesian regime being almost entirely negative and the government's opposition to white minority rule in Rhodesia hardening over time.

908:

On 20 September, Peacock gave a commitment in Parliament any legislation introduced to close the RIC would not "infringe on the liberty of individual Australians freely to express their opinions with respect to Rhodesia". After he received a copy of the draft bill in October, Peacock judged that it

779:

proposing that the case not proceed after being told that the RIC's details had been included in the 1975 directory and would also appear in a 1975–76 directory. The government was ordered to pay the centre's costs. The RIC's office was petrol bombed again in March 1975. Approximately $ 1,500 worth

633:

As part of a collection of official documents published in 2017, the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade historian Matthew Jordan stated that the government's failure to act against the Rhodesia Information Centre in 1972 after its illegal activities had been revealed demonstrated its "residual

930:

to close. The Labor Party opposition attempted to amend this bill to require that the government also legislate to close the RIC, but this amendment was defeated. The Fraser government considered legislating the closure of the centre again in April 1979 ahead of an assessment by the United Nations

841:

Fraser and his cabinet believed that they needed to comply with Resolution 409 and force the RIC to close. It was thought that Australia would become diplomatically isolated if the centre was allowed to remain open, and Fraser's advocacy at Commonwealth meetings would be compromised. In making the

471:

The Rhodesian Information Centre's activities were illegal. They violated several United Nations Security Council resolutions that banned the Rhodesian regime from engaging in diplomatic activity, as well as regulations made under Australian customs law that prohibited the importation of materials

139:

rule in Rhodesia and advising Australian businesses on how they could evade the United Nations sanctions that had been imposed on the country. It collaborated with a far-right organisation and a pro-Rhodesia community organisation. These activities, and the centre's presence in Australia, violated

667:

be deregistered. As part of its efforts to destabilise the Askin Government, the Whitlam government leaked this correspondence to the media. Askin was offended by the leak and argued that he did not need to act on Whitlam's request. Nevertheless, in March 1973 his government lodged an application

651:

was determined to take a strong stance against Rhodesia. Its priorities included strongly enforcing the United Nations sanctions, banning visits by Rhodesian sports teams that had been racially selected and closing the RIC. The Alternate Rhodesia Information Centre was prominent in pressuring the

411:

that represented the Rhodesian government in Australia. This made it the Rhodesian government's main way of engaging with Australians. The information the centre provided was mainly propaganda for the Rhodesian regime. It lobbied members of the federal and state parliaments and advised Australian

629:

agreement for the regulations to be reviewed so that they would be enforced "with common sense" in the future. The Department of Foreign Affairs was unhappy with this outcome, as it believed that relaxing the regulations would reinforce the international perception that Australia was not serious

691:

A group of Australians led by Sekai Holland applied to the New South Wales Registrar of Business Names in December 1972 seeking to register another body to be called the Rhodesia Information Centre that would represent the black majority in Rhodesia. This application was rejected. In March 1973

376:

efforts to find a solution to the Rhodesian problem. Enforcement of trade sanctions was also uneven, and was undertaken through regulations rather than stricter measures such as legislation. While imports from Rhodesia to Australia ceased, the quantity of Australian goods exported to Rhodesia

783:

The Rhodesian diplomatic presence was reduced during the mid-1970s. A Rhodesian tourist office in New York City was forced to close by the United States government during 1974. In 1975 the formal Rhodesian diplomatic missions in Portugal and Mozambique were also required to close by the host

281:

was established in Washington, D.C., following UDI and another opened in Paris during 1968; neither was recognised as a diplomatic mission by the host country and the office in Paris was limited to promoting tourism and cultural exchanges. Small Rhodesian representative offices operated

148:

While the centre was initially tolerated by the Australian government, its operations became controversial from the early 1970s. The RIC's role in disseminating propaganda was revealed in March 1972, but the government of the day chose to not take any substantive action in response. The

770:

approved draft legislation on 6 March 1974 to close the RIC. This legislation was not introduced into Parliament, however, due to competing priorities and frequent disruptions to the parliamentary schedule. The government attempted to remove the centre's listing from Sydney

134:

in Australia was initially established in Melbourne during 1966 as the Rhodesian Information Service. This organisation closed the next year, and was replaced with the RIC in Sydney. The centre's activities included lobbying politicians, spreading propaganda supporting

339:' and were not concerned about the Rhodesian government's racist policies. It took lobbying from the British government for the Australian government to impose trade sanctions on Rhodesia in December 1965. The Australian Trade Commission in the Rhodesian capital of 503:

The Liberal Party of Australia-Country Party coalition government tolerated the RIC. This formed part of the limited diplomatic support it provided to the Rhodesian government. The centre attracted little controversy in Australia in its first years of operations.

846:, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, announced in Parliament on 24 May 1977 that the government was considering legislating to enforce Resolution 409 if it was adopted. On 6 June the Australian government formally notified the United Nations via a letter to the 603:

found that the material stolen from the RIC demonstrated that it was run by the Rhodesian government. The Department of Foreign Affairs recommended that the centre be closed, but the government decided to not take any action. The Minister for Foreign Affairs

950:

to a transition to majority rule. Under this agreement, the country reverted to the status of a British colony until a free and fair election was held in February 1980. White minority rule ended in April 1980, with Rhodesia becoming the independent state of

879:

The closure of the RIC was strongly opposed by many government backbenchers when parliament resumed on 17 August 1977. Some were motivated by sympathy for Rhodesia, but a larger number believed that closing the centre would be an unjustifiable violation of

334:

in the country, but was initially reluctant to take concrete steps against the regime. This reluctance was motivated by support for the white Rhodesian cause among sections of the Australian population. Many Australians felt that the white Rhodesians were

3504: 832:

whose provisions banned the transfer of funds from the Rhodesian government to offices or agents operating on its behalf in other countries. This aimed to hinder the Rhodesian information offices in Australia, South Africa and the United States. The

763:, that Askin supported the Rhodesian regime and had failed to cooperate with efforts to close the centre. Askin rejected this claim, noting that his government had cancelled the RIC's business name and lacked the legal authority to close the centre. 634:

sympathy" for the white Rhodesians. He also judged that Chipp's response to the revelations "was symptomatic of the Australian Government's half-hearted commitment to the long-term objective of overturning the white minority regime in Salisbury".

424:. This was denied by the centre's director. The RIC had previously stated in 1977 that Australians who contacted it about enlisting in the Rhodesian Security Forces were told to communicate directly with the relevant organisation in Rhodesia. 377:

increased between 1965 and 1973. In 1970 the Australian government defended the export of wheat to Rhodesia on humanitarian grounds. It claimed that the wheat was needed by Rhodesia's black population, despite their staple food being maize.

749:

on 7 July 1973. The furniture and fittings were badly damaged. In August 1973 Sekai Holland and six other members of the Free Zimbabwe Centre were arrested after they occupied the RIC's offices in protest against its continuing operations.

371:

resolutions that called for strong action to be taken against Rhodesia. Throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s the Australian government remained unenthusiastic about further extensions to the trade sanctions and was not active in the

913:

over the issue. The political scientist Alexander Lee has described the defeat of the legislation as "a stunning victory" for "Rhodesia's Australian allies", and noted that it meant that Australia did not comply with Resolution 409.

837:

took steps to cut off funding from Rhodesia to the Rhodesian Information Office in Washington, D.C., in line with this resolution during August 1977, but it remained open until 1979 after receiving donations from American citizens.

45: 955:. The Zimbabwean government decided that month to shut down the RIC. It was renamed the Zimbabwe Information Centre for the last weeks of its existence, and closed on 31 May 1980. A Zimbabwean high commission was established in 343:

was also closed. In line with its view that the Rhodesian government had no legal standing, the Australian government refused to deal directly with it. Messages received from the Rhodesian government did not receive a response.

483:

judged that the centre's attempts to influence Australian politicians and journalists had been "extensive but inept", with media coverage of the Rhodesian regime in Australia being almost entirely negative. A 1977 editorial in

2688: 884:. A large proportion of the non-elected members of the National Country Party and the New South Wales branch of the Liberal Party also opposed the legislation, which put further pressure on the elected members. 3769: 624:

believed that the affair was the result of overly strict regulations on importing works from Rhodesia as he considered some of the material found to have violated the ban to be inoffensive. He gained the

612:

stated that the government's lack of action "showed clearly – all too clearly – where its sympathies lay". During a parliamentary debate on racism and violence in May 1972 the federal opposition leader

608:

stated on 11 April 1972 that the government did not have the legal authority to close the centre. Richard V. Hall attributed this decision to the influence of the "Rhodesia Lobby" and an editorial in

229:

against Rhodesia from November 1965, and these began to become mandatory from December 1966. No country ever formally recognised Rhodesia as an independent state, with all regarding UDI as illegal.

435:. At this time its director was a Rhodesian who had taken out Australian citizenship, the deputy director was South African and it had one other full-time staff member and an unspecified number of 3384: 775:

in December 1974, but a High Court justice issued an injunction prohibiting this action in February 1975. The full bench of the High Court considered the matter in August 1975. It endorsed a

460:

in Australia and New Zealand. This largely comprised material written in Rhodesia which was favourable to the Rhodesian government. All editions also included a page on the activities of the

189:. In 1964, the population comprised approximately 220,000 Europeans and four million Africans. The black majority was largely excluded from power; for instance, 50 of the 65 seats in the 850:

that it intended "to introduce legislation designed to give effect to the most recent resolution directed against the maintenance of Rhodesian information offices and agencies abroad".

589: 4434: 511:

to propose that the government invite a delegation of Rhodesian officials to Australia for trade talks. In his reply, McEwen agreed for Cresswell-George to meet with staff from the

389:. The service's first director was T.A. Cresswell-George, an Australian citizen. An information office was also opened in Sydney as a branch of the Rhodesian Information Service. 404:

The director of the centre, Denzil Bradley, claimed in 1972 that its role was to disseminate "factual information about Rhodesia throughout Australia". In reality, the RIC was a

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published several stories about these revelations. The director of the RIC "emphatically denied" that it had smuggled publicity material into Australia or been involved in

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In response to the media coverage, the Australian government directed the Department of Foreign Affairs to investigate the possible violation of customs regulations.

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coalition government that was in power at the federal level in Australia until December 1972 provided some diplomatic support for the regime. This included issuing

516: 165:

over the issue. The Zimbabwean government shut the centre in May 1980 after the end of white minority rule and later established an official embassy in Australia.

829: 532: 524: 3024: 261:

for Rhodesians in the United Kingdom, and banned it from public relations activities as well as promoting trade and migration. The Rhodesian High Commission in

939:

stated that the Fraser government's efforts to close the centre were "moving with the slowness of the most lethargic sloth" and claimed that the centre was a

4459: 528: 512: 2027: 412:

businesses about how they could evade the sanctions that had been placed on the country. It also handled queries about visas and migration to Rhodesia. The

3980: 1881: 571: 3587:

Mlambo, Alois S. (2019). "'Honoured More in the Breach than in the Observance': Economic Sanctions on Rhodesia and International Response, 1965 to 1979".

2615: 935:

was imminent, and the Cabinet was intending to take its outcomes into consideration when deciding how it would go about closing the centre. An article in

531:

opposed doing so. In April 1971 the United Nations Sanctions Committee raised concerns with the Australian government that the RIC could be in breach of

4464: 225:

urged United Nations member countries to not recognise the Rhodesian regime or provide it with any assistance. The United Nations encouraged voluntary

4454: 4439: 3128: 558:, passed on documents that had been stolen from the RIC to the Australian media. These documents appeared to show that the centre was operating as a 4060: 468:

claimed that it had a mailing list of 5,500, but this likely included libraries, politicians and other recipients who were sent unsolicited copies.

266: 890:

reported on 18 August that "30 to 50 per cent" of government members of parliament opposed the legislation, with at least twelve being prepared to

385:

The Rhodesian government did not have a diplomatic presence in Australia prior to UDI. In 1966 it established the Rhodesian Information Service in

4469: 3904: 2796: 932: 847: 554:

In March 1972, a small group known as the Alternate Rhodesia Information Centre, which was led by the Rhodesian-born activist against the regime,

364: 2292: 652:

Whitlam government to take action against the RIC, and developed links with groups representing university students including the leaders of the

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upheld the Supreme Court's decision in June 1974. Following this ruling the centre was re-registered as the Flame Lily Centre (named after the

653: 448: 2262: 2202: 257:

in London that had preceded UDI operated until 1969. The British government required the High Commission to limit its activities to providing

44: 3931: 3759: 3512: 3437:

Jordan, Matthew (2020). "'Australia in this Matter is under Some Scrutiny': Early Australian Initiatives to the Rhodesian Problem, 1961–64".

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and advising businesses about how to evade sanctions. For instance, the documents showed that the Rhodesian government referred to it as a

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that was in power from late 1972 to November 1975 unsuccessfully attempted to force the centre to close on several occasions, with the

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seeking permission to cancel the centre's business name. This application was granted in June 1973, with the court finding that the

367:

and the Rhodesian representatives to South Africa and Portugal (all three men were Australian citizens) and abstaining from several

269:, in which white Rhodesians endorsed a proposal for the country to become a republic after the Rhodesian attempt to recognise Queen 968: 824:

Further steps were taken internationally during 1977 to disrupt Rhodesia's diplomatic activities. The French government forced the

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that was distracting attention away from the large number of Australians who were fighting with the Rhodesian Security Forces.

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reported that 40 of the 126 government members of parliament and senators were opposed to legislating to close the centre.

825: 696:

on Rhodesians in Australia. The Alternate Rhodesia Information Centre was renamed the Free Zimbabwe Centre by August 1973.

4020: 4004: 3879: 1684: 1627: 895: 767: 444: 398: 3245:

Brownell, Josiah (September 2010). "'A Sordid Tussle on the Strand': Rhodesia House during the UDI Rebellion (1965–80)".

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decision to close the centre, the Cabinet noted that doing so would impose some constraints on freedom of expression.

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In August 1978, the Fraser government passed legislation to force an unofficial embassy set up in Canberra by the

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lower house were reserved for whites. On 11 November 1965 the Southern Rhodesian government led by Prime Minister

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1977 to leave politics was, in part, a protest against Fraser's stance towards the RIC. At the end of September

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to allow the Postmaster-General to withdraw services to the RIC. He also claimed in November 1973, ahead of the

4369: 4102: 3796: 3717: 3667: 3466:

Lee, Alexander (September 2020). "Conservatives Divided: Defending Rhodesia Against Malcolm Fraser 1976-1978".

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as a newspaper. Denzil Bradley initiated legal action in response, and Bowen's directive was overturned by the

456: 318: 755: 205:. The Rhodesian government's decision to declare independence sought to maintain white rule, with the ruling 4379: 4213: 4107: 3558:

Minter, William; Schmidt, Elizabeth (April 1988). "When Sanctions Worked: The Case of Rhodesia Reexamined".

2607: 1022: 923: 721: 373: 327: 154: 3962: 3894: 2467: 726: 476: 190: 124: 4326: 4313: 4122: 4050: 4025: 4010: 3974: 3884: 834: 242: 3120: 2788: 443:, the director of the RIC from 1977 to 1980, stated in his inaugural speech after being elected to the 2285: 858: 574:

had violated customs regulations by importing Rhodesian films and propaganda on behalf of the centre.

3998: 3936: 3867: 3838: 1933: 626: 3206:

Berry, Bruce (2019). "Flag Of Defiance: The International Use of the Rhodesian Flag Following UDI".

2171:. Vol. 47, no. 13, 373. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 3 March 1973. p. 3. 931:

Security Committee of countries' compliance with enforcing sanctions against Rhodesia. At this time

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Documents stolen from the centre in 1972 indicated that most of its funding came from the Rhodesian

310:; the governments of these countries were aware of the offices but did not formally recognise them. 4299: 4180: 4148: 4117: 4040: 3801: 3737: 2254: 2194: 772: 360: 356: 258: 238: 2637: 2589: 828:

to close in January 1977. On 27 May 1977, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted

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Racism: The Australian Experience. A Study of Race Prejudice in Australia. Volume 3: Colonialism

3275: 416:, one of the main forces fighting white rule within Rhodesia, alleged in 1978 that the RIC had 4413: 4243: 4015: 3941: 3806: 3754: 3687: 3671: 3537: 3508: 3423: 3390: 3366: 3347: 3296: 872: 814: 680:

would not believe that its name indicated that it was linked to the Rhodesian government. The

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to cease all mail, telephone and telegram services to the centre, including by locking their

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The federal and New South Wales governments' tolerance of the RIC was not in accordance with

4396: 4384: 4086: 3604: 3596: 3567: 3475: 3446: 3319: 3254: 3223: 3215: 3012: 685: 559: 543: 405: 131: 17: 1008: 201:(commonly referred to as UDI) that was illegal under British law, with the colony becoming 4094: 3968: 3742: 3732: 3712: 3386:

Influence Without Power: The Role of the Backbench in Australian Foreign Policy, 1976-1977

3342:(1972). "Australia and Rhodesia: Black Interests and White Lies". In Stevens, F.S. (ed.). 891: 881: 818: 713: 550:

in 2010; during the 1970s she was a prominent opponent of the Rhodesia Information Centre.

394: 331: 206: 3571: 2105: 592:, John Mills, also issued a statement denying that his staff had done anything improper. 3625: 1013: 4359: 4334: 4218: 3946: 3722: 2515: 843: 810: 797: 262: 3505:

Official History of Australian Peacekeeping, Humanitarian and Post-Cold War Operations

507:

In late 1966 Cresswell-George wrote to the Australian Minister for Trade and Industry

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that replaced the Whitlam government in November 1975, had a strong commitment to

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Whitlam stated in September 1973 that the government would consider amending the

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and its regulations, and ordered that the government pay the RIC's legal costs.

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being aware from the outset that it was operated by the Rhodesian government.

4251: 4158: 3077: 2980: 2848: 2818: 2547: 2485: 2407: 2314: 2162: 2073: 1963: 1903: 1758: 1654: 1622: 1553: 1494: 1442: 1376: 1266: 1050: 875:

member of the NSW Legislative Assembly from 2003 to 2019, photographed in 2013

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Everyone Wants to be Fuehrer: National Socialism in Australia and New Zealand

2374: 2344: 2224: 1855: 4321: 4289: 621: 585: 386: 246: 221:. The British government did not recognise Rhodesia's independence, and the 218: 194: 599:

officers also raided the centre. The Department of Foreign Affairs and the

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The White House and White Africa: Presidential Policy on Rhodesia 1965–79

956: 952: 871:, the director of the Rhodesia Information Centre from 1977 to 1980, and 291: 287: 250: 202: 120: 86: 3331: 3853: 3479: 3422:. Documents on Australian Foreign Policy. Sydney: NewSouth Publishing. 3310:

Goldsworthy, David (1973). "Australia and Africa: New Relationships?".

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stated that the RIC was "relatively innocuous and mostly ineffective".

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and was seconded to an information role during his posting to Sydney.

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The Long Search for Peace: Observer Missions and Beyond, 1947–2006

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also attempted to close the RIC, but backed down in the face of a

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as had recently happened in the neighbouring British colonies of

307: 123:

government in Australia from 1966 to 1980. As Australia did not

3629: 3531:(Thesis). Armidale, New South Wales: University of New England. 688:) and continued to operate as the Rhodesia Information Centre. 659:

Whitlam wrote to the Liberal Party Premier of New South Wales

454:

One of the RIC's roles was distributing a periodical entitled

322:

A map showing the relative locations of Rhodesia and Australia

265:

was directed to close by the British government following the

157:

ruling one of the attempts to have been illegal. In 1977 the

127:

Rhodesia's independence, it operated on an unofficial basis.

3346:. New York City: Taplinger Publishing Co. pp. 175–186. 1347: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1339: 330:

never recognised Rhodesia's independence and opposed white

2474:. 11 September 1973. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com. 2145: 2143: 1741: 1739: 1290: 1288: 1117: 1115: 1102: 1100: 894:

and vote against it. For instance, the Member for Tangney

813:, who headed the Liberal-National Country Party coalition 2596:. 15 February 1975. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com. 1690:. Parliament of New South Wales. 21 May 2003. p. 2. 49:

The Rhodesia Information Centre's office in December 1972

2020:"No passport renewals for Ian Smith's men, Forbes rules" 1838: 1836: 1811: 1809: 1593: 1591: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1414: 692:

Holland said that she had proof that the RIC maintained

447:

in 2003, that he had been a diplomat with the Rhodesian

181:

was a self-governing British colony in Africa which was

2644:. 13 March 1975. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com. 617:

criticised the government for not closing the centre.

2876: 2874: 2759: 2757: 2755: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1714: 1712: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1134: 1132: 1130: 3276:"Bradley v The Commonwealth (Ministerial Discretion)" 2933: 2931: 2742: 2740: 1862:. 6 April 1972. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com. 1488: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1045: 1043: 475:

Writing in 1972, the commentator and then-opposition

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The Rhodesian government that was elected agreed in

4352: 4312: 4282: 4242: 4189: 4174: 4167: 4135: 4075: 3866: 3827: 3698: 3106: 1330: 1246: 1222: 81: 73: 65: 54: 37: 3365:. Cremorne, New South Wales: Angus and Robertson. 853:The RIC Centre lobbied the public and government 347:Despite its overall stance against Rhodesia, the 3247:The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 2789:"Backbench revolt possible over Rhodesia centre" 1015: 464:branches in each Australian state. One issue of 3407:Australian Foreign Policy and Africa, 1972–1983 2681:"Rhodesia Lobbying Office Seems About to Close" 2590:"High Court stops bid to drop phone book entry" 1267:"Rhodesian Centre. Inquiry ordered by Mr Chipp" 3420:Australia and the Rhodesian Problem, 1961–1972 3047:"Rhodesian poll will not affect centre's fate" 525:United Nations Security Council Resolution 277 4435:History of the foreign relations of Australia 3641: 3155:Foreign embassies and consulates in Australia 2819:"Liberal criticises Federal move on Rhodesia" 1091: 663:on 7 December 1972 to request that the RIC's 8: 3468:Australian Journal of Politics & History 1441:Cresswell-George, T.A. (16 September 1966). 89:in Australia, including propaganda functions 3981:Southern Rhodesia African National Congress 3525:A History of the Askin Government 1965-1975 3413:. Canberra: Australian National University. 3157:. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 2255:"Rhodesia centre's name 'can be cancelled'" 1351: 570:. The documents also demonstrated that the 69:1966 (as the Rhodesian Information Service) 4186: 4171: 4141: 4079: 3872: 3831: 3648: 3634: 3626: 3096:– via National Library of Australia. 3001:– via National Library of Australia. 2867:– via National Library of Australia. 2837:– via National Library of Australia. 2566:– via National Library of Australia. 2536:– via National Library of Australia. 2504:– via National Library of Australia. 2426:– via National Library of Australia. 2333:– via National Library of Australia. 2183:– via National Library of Australia. 2094:– via National Library of Australia. 1984:– via National Library of Australia. 1922:– via National Library of Australia. 1773:– via National Library of Australia. 1673:– via National Library of Australia. 1643:– via National Library of Australia. 1572:– via National Library of Australia. 1513:– via National Library of Australia. 1461:– via National Library of Australia. 1405: 1395:– via National Library of Australia. 1281:– via National Library of Australia. 1198: 1121: 1106: 1069:– via National Library of Australia. 741:During this period the centre's office at 43: 34: 4480:Australia and the Commonwealth of Nations 3608: 3507:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3295:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3227: 77:1980 (as the Zimbabwe Information Centre) 27:De facto embassy in Australia (1966–1980) 4485:Zimbabwe and the Commonwealth of Nations 2711:"Security Council resolution 409 (1977)" 2149: 2134: 1597: 1582: 1174: 1162: 267:1969 Rhodesian constitutional referendum 3293:Isolated States: A Comparative Analysis 2731: 990: 918:Transition to majority rule in Rhodesia 780:of damage was caused in this incident. 282:semi-clandestinely at various times in 4061:Chemical weapons and biological agents 3782:Unilateral Declaration of Independence 3545:. Birmingham: University of Birmingham 3017:"New UN bid on Rhodesia centre likely" 2654: 2576: 2060: 2048: 2006: 1994: 1842: 1827: 1815: 1783: 1730: 1655:"The 'mercenaries' in Rhodesia's Army" 1609: 1523: 1471: 1428: 1363: 1318: 1306: 1294: 1234: 1210: 1079: 1034: 730:. The High Court found that Bowen had 277:was not recognised internationally. A 199:Unilateral Declaration of Independence 85:Unaccredited representative office of 3161:from the original on 4 September 2023 3131:from the original on 4 September 2023 3088:from the original on 4 September 2023 3057:from the original on 4 September 2023 3027:from the original on 4 September 2023 2993:from the original on 4 September 2023 2961:from the original on 4 September 2023 2922: 2904:from the original on 4 September 2023 2880: 2859:from the original on 4 September 2023 2829:from the original on 4 September 2023 2799:from the original on 17 December 2022 2763: 2691:from the original on 4 September 2023 2618:from the original on 4 September 2023 2558:from the original on 4 September 2023 2496:from the original on 4 September 2023 2448:from the original on 4 September 2023 2418:from the original on 4 September 2023 2385:from the original on 4 September 2023 2355:from the original on 4 September 2023 2345:"Discrimination is no laugh to Sekai" 2325:from the original on 4 September 2023 2315:"Rhodesian centre 'voice for blacks'" 2295:from the original on 17 December 2022 2265:from the original on 17 December 2022 2235:from the original on 4 September 2023 2205:from the original on 17 December 2022 2116:from the original on 17 December 2022 2086:from the original on 4 September 2023 2030:from the original on 17 December 2022 1976:from the original on 4 September 2023 1944:from the original on 17 December 2022 1914:from the original on 4 September 2023 1884:from the original on 17 December 2022 1697:from the original on 4 September 2021 1665:from the original on 4 September 2023 1635:from the original on 4 September 2023 1564:from the original on 4 September 2023 1505:from the original on 4 September 2023 1453:from the original on 4 September 2023 1387:from the original on 4 September 2023 1186: 1150: 1138: 1061:from the original on 4 September 2023 826:Rhodesian Information Office in Paris 704:On 18 April 1973, Postmaster-General 7: 3572:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a098017 1874:"Cabinet considers Smith propaganda" 1800: 1745: 1718: 1540: 1000: 998: 996: 994: 974:Propaganda in the Rhodesian Bush War 393:RIC was registered as a business in 4460:1980 disestablishments in Australia 3119:Grattan, Michelle (16 April 1980). 2937: 2775: 2746: 2666: 2528:from the original on 22 August 2021 2516:"Prime minister's press conference" 761:1973 New South Wales state election 674:Attorney-General of New South Wales 539:Public disclosure of the RIC's role 3957:Responsible Government Association 3183:. Embassy of Zimbabwe in Australia 2900:. National Archives of Australia. 2195:"Judge says name can be cancelled" 25: 3987:Southern Rhodesia Communist Party 3107:Londey, Crawley & Horner 2020 2175:from the original on 12 July 2019 2074:"Rhodesian woman 'refused entry'" 1623:"Aust soldiers fight as regulars" 1331:Londey, Crawley & Horner 2020 1247:Londey, Crawley & Horner 2020 1223:Londey, Crawley & Horner 2020 805:Further attempts to close the RIC 724:on 10 September 1973 in the case 572:South African Embassy in Canberra 4455:Diplomatic missions in Australia 4440:1966 establishments in Australia 3589:South African Historical Journal 3439:The International History Review 3208:South African Historical Journal 2981:"Peacock softens Rhodesia stand" 2855:. 20 September 1977. p. 3. 2825:. 27 September 1977. p. 3. 2608:"Rhodesia gains a phone listing" 2524:. 12 September 1973. p. 7. 2468:"PMG action on centre 'invalid'" 1904:"No action over Rhodesia centre" 1493:Jacobs, Michael (6 April 1972). 1377:"Rhodesian wheat 'humanitarian'" 1051:"Zimbabwe closing Sydney office" 670:Supreme Court of New South Wales 620:Minister for Customs and Excise 601:Department of Customs and Excise 513:Department of Trade and Industry 462:Rhodesia-Australia Association's 3993:Southern Rhodesia Liberal Party 3076:Andrews, Ross (21 April 1979). 2321:. 19 December 1972. p. 7. 2106:"Askin is angry at 'big heads'" 2082:. 12 December 1972. p. 3. 710:Postmaster-General's Department 682:New South Wales Court of Appeal 533:Security Council Resolution 253 414:Zimbabwe African National Union 369:United Nations General Assembly 223:United Nations Security Council 209:party opposing a transition to 142:United Nations Security Council 4470:Political history of Australia 3792:1975 Victoria Falls Conference 3522:Loughnan, Paul Ernest (2014). 3495:Londey, Peter; Crawley, Rhys; 3109:, pp. 616, 618, 624, 678. 2957:. 18 August 1978. p. 15. 2679:Marder, Murrey (1 June 1977). 2614:. 15 August 1975. p. 12. 2351:. 9 January 1973. p. 16. 2284:Durish, Peter (19 July 1975). 2225:"Rhodesia centre appeal fails" 2112:. 9 December 1972. p. 1. 1631:. 3 November 1978. p. 8. 1: 4445:Foreign relations of Rhodesia 4005:United National Federal Party 3770:Malayan Emergency involvement 3601:10.1080/02582473.2019.1598478 3451:10.1080/07075332.2018.1555179 3418:Jordan, Matthew, ed. (2017). 3220:10.1080/02582473.2018.1561749 3053:. 21 April 1979. p. 27. 2795:. 18 August 1977. p. 8. 2713:. United Nations. 27 May 1977 2414:. 28 August 1973. p. 2. 2381:. 30 March 1973. p. 11. 2286:"A lily by any other name..." 1856:"Rhodesian Secrecy is Denied" 1685:"Greg Aplin Inaugural Speech" 1661:. 7 January 1977. p. 5. 1628:Papua New Guinea Post-courier 1560:. 10 April 1973. p. 15. 768:Australian Labor Party Caucus 529:Attorney-General's Department 517:Department of Foreign Affairs 515:to discuss the proposal. The 4465:Australia–Zimbabwe relations 3905:Ministry of External Affairs 3657:Southern Rhodesia / Rhodesia 3259:10.1080/03086534.2010.503398 2989:. 20 April 1979. p. 7. 2951:"Stage set to close embassy" 2261:. 13 June 1974. p. 12. 2231:. 13 June 1974. p. 12. 1964:"Racism "Ultimate Violence"" 1910:. 11 April 1972. p. 3. 1880:. 10 April 1972. p. 4. 1495:"The Rhodesia Papers affair" 1057:. 17 April 1980. p. 8. 969:Australia–Zimbabwe relations 643:Business name deregistration 365:Ministry of External Affairs 279:Rhodesian Information Office 109:Rhodesia Information Service 105:Rhodesian Information Centre 18:Rhodesian Information Centre 3536:Michael, Edward R. (2016). 3139:– via Newspapers.com. 3121:"Rhodesia will quit Sydney" 3065:– via Newspapers.com. 3035:– via Newspapers.com. 2898:Australia's prime ministers 2894:"Malcolm Fraser: elections" 2807:– via Newspapers.com. 2626:– via Newspapers.com. 2554:. 7 March 1974. p. 3. 2393:– via Newspapers.com. 2363:– via Newspapers.com. 2303:– via Newspapers.com. 2273:– via Newspapers.com. 2243:– via Newspapers.com. 2213:– via Newspapers.com. 2201:. 22 June 1973. p. 8. 2124:– via Newspapers.com. 2038:– via Newspapers.com. 1952:– via Newspapers.com. 1892:– via Newspapers.com. 1765:. 30 August 1977. p. 2 647:The Australian Labor Party 568:Australian League of Rights 449:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 117:Zimbabwe Information Centre 97:Rhodesia Information Centre 60:Crows Nest, New South Wales 38:Rhodesia Information Centre 4501: 3274:Galbally, Francis (1974). 2492:. 7 July 1973. p. 7. 2026:. 6 July 1972. p. 1. 1972:. 12 May 1972. p. 2. 1969:The Australian Jewish News 1940:. 7 July 1972. p. 9. 1383:. 22 May 1970. p. 9. 1021: (10 September 1973), 654:National Union of Students 445:New South Wales Parliament 349:Liberal Party of Australia 314:Australian response to UDI 275:separate Rhodesian monarch 4409: 4144: 4082: 3875: 3834: 3812:Lancaster House Agreement 3690:under UDI; 1980–present: 3664: 3291:Geldenhuys, Deon (1990). 3051:The Sydney Morning Herald 2793:The Sydney Morning Herald 2642:The Sydney Morning Herald 2612:The Sydney Morning Herald 2594:The Sydney Morning Herald 2472:The Sydney Morning Herald 2444:. 5 May 1973. p. 7. 2408:"Rhodesia Centre arrests" 2379:The Sydney Morning Herald 2375:"Demonstrators burn flag" 2349:The Sydney Morning Herald 2289:The Sydney Morning Herald 2259:The Sydney Morning Herald 2199:The Sydney Morning Herald 2110:The Sydney Morning Herald 1934:"Timely hint from Africa" 1860:The Sydney Morning Herald 1830:, pp. 838, 858, 860. 1273:. 3 April 1972. p. 7 1092:Minter & Schmidt 1988 887:The Sydney Morning Herald 686:Rhodesian national flower 422:Rhodesian Security Forces 255:Rhodesian High Commission 132:quasi-diplomatic presence 42: 4475:Propaganda organizations 4046:Leader of the Opposition 3361:Harcourt, David (1972). 3312:The Australian Quarterly 2063:, pp. xxxii–xxxiii. 1333:, pp. 613–614, 616. 857:to prevent its closure. 718:The Rhodesian Commentary 590:South African Ambassador 466:The Rhodesian Commentary 457:The Rhodesian Commentary 3404:Jansen, Robert (1998). 2438:"Hearing on ban by PMG" 933:an election in Rhodesia 756:Post and Telegraphs Act 722:High Court of Australia 429:Ministry of Information 3963:Rhodesian Action Party 3797:1976 Geneva Conference 2638:"Bomb blast at centre" 2548:"Rhodesia legislation" 1997:, pp. xxxii, 839. 1005:Bradley v Commonwealth 876: 801: 736:Post and Telegraph Act 727:Bradley v Commonwealth 586:intelligence-gathering 551: 477:Australian Labor Party 381:Establishment and role 323: 174:Rhodesian independence 4036:Deputy Prime Minister 4011:United Rhodesia Party 3975:Rhodesia Labour Party 3839:Chimanimani Mountains 1014:(1973) 128 1009:[1973] HCA 34 924:Croatian independence 867: 835:Carter Administration 795: 773:telephone directories 546: 418:recruited Australians 328:Australian government 321: 103:), also known as the 4089:(currency from 1970) 3999:United Federal Party 3937:Central Africa Party 3890:Legislative Assembly 3280:Melbourne Law Review 2051:, pp. 904, 909. 1759:"Freedom of Opinion" 1443:"Rhodesia 'invaded'" 1321:, pp. xvi–xvii. 538: 494:Australian responses 357:Australian passports 3802:Internal Settlement 3738:Second Matabele War 2778:, pp. 513–514. 2734:, pp. 253–254. 2685:The Washington Post 2669:, pp. 506–507. 1786:, pp. 580–582. 1748:, pp. 183–184. 1612:, pp. 142–143. 1554:"Rhodesian Embassy" 1309:, pp. 908–909. 1249:, pp. 612–613. 1189:, pp. 509–510. 1153:, pp. 505–508. 1094:, pp. 211–213. 732:exceeded his powers 259:consular assistance 4450:De facto embassies 4149:List of Rhodesians 4113:Telecommunications 4097:(currency to 1970) 3728:First Matabele War 3480:10.1111/ajph.12701 3082:The Canberra Times 2986:The Canberra Times 2853:The Canberra Times 2823:The Canberra Times 2552:The Canberra Times 2521:The Canberra Times 2490:The Canberra Times 2456:– via Trove. 2442:The Canberra Times 2319:The Canberra Times 2168:The Canberra Times 2079:The Canberra Times 1908:The Canberra Times 1763:The Canberra Times 1659:The Canberra Times 1499:The Canberra Times 1447:The Canberra Times 1381:The Canberra Times 1271:The Canberra Times 1055:The Canberra Times 937:The Canberra Times 902:The National Times 877: 802: 716:and deregistering 649:Whitlam government 638:Whitlam government 552: 487:The Canberra Times 433:Swiss bank account 420:to fight with the 409:diplomatic mission 324: 151:Whitlam government 119:, represented the 32:Diplomatic mission 4422: 4421: 4405: 4404: 4348: 4347: 4308: 4307: 4131: 4130: 4071: 4070: 3942:Confederate Party 3932:Political parties 3910:Mission in Lisbon 3880:Political history 3862: 3861: 3807:Zimbabwe Rhodesia 3755:Southern Rhodesia 3688:Zimbabwe Rhodesia 3672:Southern Rhodesia 3514:978-1-108-62893-8 3429:978-1-74223-536-3 3396:978-0-642-91273-2 3372:978-0-207-12415-0 3353:978-0-8008-6582-5 3302:978-0-521-40268-2 3015:(17 April 1979). 3013:Grattan, Michelle 1408:, pp. 62–63. 1297:, pp. 31–32. 1237:, pp. 78–79. 1201:, pp. 63–64. 1082:, pp. 77–78. 848:Secretary-General 815:Fraser government 788:Fraser government 678:reasonable person 363:of the Rhodesian 215:Northern Rhodesia 179:Southern Rhodesia 159:Fraser government 113:Flame Lily Centre 93: 92: 58:9 Myrtle Street, 16:(Redirected from 4492: 4330: 4187: 4172: 4142: 4098: 4090: 4080: 3915:Centre in Sydney 3873: 3844:Cities and towns 3832: 3765:Second World War 3760:colonial history 3650: 3643: 3636: 3627: 3622: 3612: 3583: 3566:(347): 207–237. 3554: 3552: 3550: 3544: 3532: 3530: 3518: 3491: 3462: 3433: 3414: 3412: 3400: 3376: 3357: 3340:Hall, Richard V. 3335: 3324:10.2307/20634597 3306: 3287: 3270: 3241: 3231: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3147: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3009: 3003: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2845: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2750: 2744: 2735: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2634: 2628: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2544: 2538: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2404: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2371: 2365: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2341: 2335: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2221: 2215: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2138: 2132: 2126: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2102: 2096: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2070: 2064: 2058: 2052: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2016: 2010: 2004: 1998: 1992: 1986: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1960: 1954: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1930: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1900: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1870: 1864: 1863: 1852: 1846: 1840: 1831: 1825: 1819: 1813: 1804: 1798: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1755: 1749: 1743: 1734: 1733:, p. xxxii. 1728: 1722: 1716: 1707: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1696: 1689: 1681: 1675: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1651: 1645: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1619: 1613: 1607: 1601: 1595: 1586: 1580: 1574: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1550: 1544: 1538: 1527: 1521: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1490: 1475: 1469: 1463: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1438: 1432: 1426: 1409: 1403: 1397: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1373: 1367: 1361: 1355: 1352:Goldsworthy 1973 1349: 1334: 1328: 1322: 1316: 1310: 1304: 1298: 1292: 1283: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1263: 1250: 1244: 1238: 1232: 1226: 1220: 1214: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1178: 1172: 1166: 1160: 1154: 1148: 1142: 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The 560:de facto embassy 399:state government 239:Lourenço Marques 163:backbench revolt 47: 35: 21: 4500: 4499: 4495: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4489: 4425: 4424: 4423: 4418: 4401: 4344: 4329:(South African) 4328: 4304: 4278: 4238: 4178: 4163: 4154:Public holidays 4127: 4096: 4088: 4067: 4056:Security Forces 3969:Rhodesian Front 3858: 3823: 3748:First World War 3743:Second Boer War 3733:Shangani Patrol 3713:Rudd Concession 3694: 3660: 3654: 3586: 3560:African Affairs 3557: 3548: 3546: 3542: 3535: 3528: 3521: 3515: 3494: 3465: 3436: 3430: 3417: 3410: 3403: 3397: 3379: 3373: 3360: 3354: 3338: 3309: 3303: 3290: 3273: 3244: 3205: 3202: 3200:Works consulted 3197: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3164: 3162: 3149: 3148: 3144: 3134: 3132: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3105: 3101: 3091: 3089: 3075: 3074: 3070: 3060: 3058: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3030: 3028: 3011: 3010: 3006: 2996: 2994: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2964: 2962: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2936: 2929: 2921: 2917: 2907: 2905: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2879: 2872: 2862: 2860: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2832: 2830: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2802: 2800: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2774: 2770: 2762: 2753: 2745: 2738: 2730: 2726: 2716: 2714: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2694: 2692: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2665: 2661: 2653: 2649: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2621: 2619: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2575: 2571: 2561: 2559: 2546: 2545: 2541: 2531: 2529: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2499: 2497: 2486:"Centre bombed" 2484: 2483: 2479: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2421: 2419: 2406: 2405: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2358: 2356: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2328: 2326: 2313: 2312: 2308: 2298: 2296: 2283: 2282: 2278: 2268: 2266: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2238: 2236: 2223: 2222: 2218: 2208: 2206: 2193: 2192: 2188: 2178: 2176: 2161: 2160: 2156: 2148: 2141: 2133: 2129: 2119: 2117: 2104: 2103: 2099: 2089: 2087: 2072: 2071: 2067: 2059: 2055: 2047: 2043: 2033: 2031: 2018: 2017: 2013: 2005: 2001: 1993: 1989: 1979: 1977: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1947: 1945: 1932: 1931: 1927: 1917: 1915: 1902: 1901: 1897: 1887: 1885: 1872: 1871: 1867: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1841: 1834: 1826: 1822: 1814: 1807: 1799: 1790: 1782: 1778: 1768: 1766: 1757: 1756: 1752: 1744: 1737: 1729: 1725: 1717: 1710: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1668: 1666: 1653: 1652: 1648: 1638: 1636: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1608: 1604: 1596: 1589: 1581: 1577: 1567: 1565: 1552: 1551: 1547: 1539: 1530: 1522: 1518: 1508: 1506: 1492: 1491: 1478: 1470: 1466: 1456: 1454: 1440: 1439: 1435: 1427: 1412: 1406:Geldenhuys 1990 1404: 1400: 1390: 1388: 1375: 1374: 1370: 1362: 1358: 1350: 1337: 1329: 1325: 1317: 1313: 1305: 1301: 1293: 1286: 1276: 1274: 1265: 1264: 1253: 1245: 1241: 1233: 1229: 1221: 1217: 1209: 1205: 1199:Geldenhuys 1990 1197: 1193: 1185: 1181: 1173: 1169: 1161: 1157: 1149: 1145: 1137: 1128: 1122:Geldenhuys 1990 1120: 1113: 1107:Geldenhuys 1990 1105: 1098: 1090: 1086: 1078: 1074: 1064: 1062: 1049: 1048: 1041: 1033: 1029: 1012: 1003: 992: 987: 982: 965: 920: 892:cross the floor 882:civil liberties 819:racial equality 809:Prime Minister 807: 796:Prime Minister 790: 714:post office box 708:instructed the 702: 700:High Court case 645: 640: 541: 501: 496: 481:Richard V. Hall 472:from Rhodesia. 395:New South Wales 383: 316: 227:trade sanctions 207:Rhodesian Front 176: 171: 50: 33: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4498: 4496: 4488: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4427: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4416: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4388: 4387: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4356: 4354: 4350: 4349: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4324: 4318: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4302: 4297: 4286: 4284: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4276: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4248: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4195: 4193: 4184: 4169: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4145: 4139: 4133: 4132: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4125: 4123:Transportation 4120: 4115: 4110: 4108:Stock Exchange 4105: 4100: 4092: 4083: 4077: 4073: 4072: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4063: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4031:Prime Minister 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3990: 3984: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3960: 3954: 3949: 3947:Dominion Party 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3922:Municipalities 3919: 3918: 3917: 3912: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3876: 3870: 3864: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3835: 3829: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3815: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3779: 3778: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3752: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3723:Pioneer Column 3715: 3710: 3704: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3665: 3662: 3661: 3659: articles 3655: 3653: 3652: 3645: 3638: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3595:(3): 371–393. 3584: 3555: 3533: 3519: 3513: 3492: 3474:(3): 503–521. 3463: 3434: 3428: 3415: 3401: 3395: 3377: 3371: 3358: 3352: 3336: 3307: 3301: 3288: 3271: 3253:(3): 471–499. 3242: 3214:(3): 495–517. 3201: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3172: 3142: 3111: 3099: 3068: 3038: 3023:. p. 12. 3004: 2972: 2942: 2940:, p. 514. 2927: 2915: 2885: 2870: 2840: 2810: 2780: 2768: 2751: 2749:, p. 513. 2736: 2724: 2702: 2671: 2659: 2657:, p. 271. 2647: 2629: 2599: 2581: 2579:, p. 143. 2569: 2539: 2507: 2477: 2459: 2429: 2396: 2366: 2336: 2306: 2276: 2246: 2216: 2186: 2154: 2152:, p. 270. 2139: 2137:, p. 269. 2127: 2097: 2065: 2053: 2041: 2011: 2009:, p. 839. 1999: 1987: 1955: 1925: 1895: 1865: 1847: 1845:, p. 879. 1832: 1820: 1818:, p. 838. 1805: 1803:, p. 185. 1788: 1776: 1750: 1735: 1723: 1721:, p. 183. 1708: 1676: 1646: 1614: 1602: 1587: 1585:, p. 113. 1575: 1545: 1543:, p. 184. 1528: 1526:, p. 859. 1516: 1476: 1474:, p. 858. 1464: 1433: 1431:, p. 576. 1410: 1398: 1368: 1366:, p. 391. 1356: 1335: 1323: 1311: 1299: 1284: 1251: 1239: 1227: 1225:, p. 612. 1215: 1203: 1191: 1179: 1177:, p. 487. 1167: 1165:, p. 480. 1155: 1143: 1141:, p. 510. 1126: 1111: 1096: 1084: 1072: 1039: 1027: 989: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 977: 976: 971: 964: 961: 919: 916: 844:Andrew Peacock 830:Resolution 409 811:Malcolm Fraser 806: 803: 798:Malcolm Fraser 789: 786: 701: 698: 644: 641: 639: 636: 540: 537: 500: 497: 495: 492: 382: 379: 374:Commonwealth's 315: 312: 263:Rhodesia House 187:white minority 175: 172: 170: 167: 137:white minority 91: 90: 83: 79: 78: 75: 71: 70: 67: 63: 62: 56: 52: 51: 48: 40: 39: 31: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4497: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4430: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4408: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4357: 4355: 4351: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4301: 4298: 4295: 4291: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4281: 4274: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4192: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4177: 4176:Ethnic groups 4173: 4170: 4166: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4134: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4093: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4081: 4078: 4074: 4062: 4059: 4058: 4057: 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3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3556: 3541: 3540: 3534: 3527: 3526: 3520: 3516: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3497:Horner, David 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3431: 3425: 3421: 3416: 3409: 3408: 3402: 3398: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3382: 3381:Indyk, Martin 3378: 3374: 3368: 3364: 3359: 3355: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3286:(4): 789–972. 3285: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3204: 3203: 3199: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3146: 3143: 3130: 3127:. p. 5. 3126: 3122: 3115: 3112: 3108: 3103: 3100: 3087: 3084:. p. 2. 3083: 3079: 3072: 3069: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3039: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3008: 3005: 2992: 2988: 2987: 2982: 2976: 2973: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2925:, p. 26. 2924: 2919: 2916: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2889: 2886: 2883:, p. 25. 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