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Rho-associated protein kinase

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785: 244: 33: 304:, thereby inactivating its actin-depolymerization activity. This results in the stabilization of actin filaments and an increase in their numbers. Thus, over time actin monomers that are needed to continue actin polymerization for migration become limited. The increased stable actin filaments and the loss of actin monomers contribute to a reduction of cell migration. 728:
ROCK activity is regulated by the disruption of an intramolecular autoinhibition. In general, the structure of ROCK proteins consists of an N-terminal kinase domain, a coiled-coiled region and a PH domain containing a cystein-rich domain (CRD) at the C-terminal. A Rho-binding domain (RBD) is located
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to the N-terminal kinase domain of ROCK. Thus, the kinase activity is off when ROCK is intramolecularly folded. The kinase activity is switched on when Rho-GTP binds to the Rho-binding domain of ROCK, disrupting the autoinhibitory interaction within ROCK, which liberates the kinase domain because
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ROCKs regulate cell-cell adhesion: Loss of ROCK activity seems to lead to loss of tight junction integrity in endothelial cells. In epithelial cells inhibition of ROCK seems to decrease tight junction integrity. Active ROCK in these cells seems to stimulate the disruption of E-Cadherin-mediated
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and Rho-associated protein kinase are involved in regulating calcium ion intake; these calcium ions, in turn stimulate a myosin light chain kinase, forcing a contraction. Rho-associated protein kinase are serine or threonine kinases that determine the calcium sensitivity in smooth muscle cells.
407:. The pro-apoptotic protease, caspase 3, activates ROCK kinase activity by cleaving the C-terminal PH domain. As a result, the autoinhibitory intramolecular fold of ROCK is abolished. ROCK also regulates MLC phosphorylation and actomyosin contractility, which regulate membrane blebbing. 1301:
Gao SY, Li CY, Chen J, Pan L, Saito S, Terashita T, Saito K, Miyawaki K, Shigemoto K, Mominoki K, Matsuda S, Kobayashi N (2004). "Rho-ROCK signal pathway regulates microtubule-based process formation of cultured podocytes--inhibition of ROCK promoted process elongation".
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F-actin binding proteins: Adducin, EF-1&alpha (elongation factor, translation co-factor), MARCKS (myristylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate), Caponin (unknown function), and ERM (involved in linkage of the actin cytoskelton to the plasma
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collapse by activating actomyosin contractility. It is also possible that phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) by ROCK inhibits CRPM2 function of promoting axon outgrowth, resulting in growth cone
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Maekawa M, Ishizaki T, Boku S, Watanabe N, Fujita A, Iwamatsu A, Obinata T, Ohashi K, Mizuno K, Narumiya S (August 1999). "Signaling from Rho to the actin cytoskeleton through protein kinases ROCK and LIM-kinase".
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for treating various diseases including cancer. For example, such drugs have potential to prevent cancer from spreading by blocking cell migration, stopping cancer cells from spreading into neighboring tissue.
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activity. Thus several bundled and active myosins, which are asynchronously active on several actin filaments, move actin filaments against each other, resulting in the net shortenting of actin fibres.
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Kale, Vijay Pralhad; Hengst, Jeremy A.; Desai, Dhimant H.; Dick, Taryn E.; Choe, Katherine N.; Colledge, Ashley L.; Takahashi, Yoshinori; Sung, Shen-Shu; Amin, Shantu G.; Yun, Jong K. (2014-11-28).
839:. ROCK1/2 along with MRCKα/β kinases have been implicated in the plasticity of cancer cell migration, the phenomenon which bestows survival advantage to the cancer cells during drug treatments ( 4714: 2683: 2678: 2858: 4707: 5622: 2851: 2798: 2776: 3058: 2594: 378:
suppressor protein. This stimulation seems to depend on ROCK. In this way, PTEN is important to prevent uncontrolled cell division as is exhibited in cancer cells.
353:, actin filament bundles of opposing polarity, containing myosin II, tropomyosin, caldesmon and MLC-kinase, and consequently of focal contacts, which are immature 4730: 587: 472: 64: 3606: 4445: 2909: 4554: 2704: 1445:"Roles of Rho-associated kinase in cytokinesis; mutations in Rho-associated kinase phosphorylation sites impair cytokinetic segregation of glial filaments" 1396:"Rho-kinase/ROCK is involved in cytokinesis through the phosphorylation of myosin light chain and not ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins at the cleavage furrow" 704:)-binding kinases (MRCK) and citron kinase. All of these kinases are composed of a N-terminal kinase domain, a coiled-coil structure and other functional 3292: 3179: 4773: 3567: 5218: 2599: 5725: 5361: 5269: 5166: 4540: 4005: 2896: 2878: 2766: 106: 4880: 4836: 5683: 4642: 4523: 1244:
Li Z, Dong X, Dong X, Wang Z, Liu W, Deng N, Ding Y, Tang L, Hla T, Zeng R, Li L, Wu D (April 2005). "Regulation of PTEN by Rho small GTPases".
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Chong CM, Ai N, Lee SM (2017). "ROCK in CNS: Different Roles of Isoforms and Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Disorders".
5244: 4220: 2250: 1287: 1017:"The p160 RhoA-binding kinase ROK alpha is a member of a kinase family and is involved in the reorganization of the cytoskeleton" 599: 484: 5617: 69: 4489: 4161: 3523: 3514: 1494:"Rho-binding kinase (LET-502) and myosin phosphatase (MEL-11) regulate cytokinesis in the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo" 592: 477: 5673: 4875: 4851: 4831: 165:(PH) domain, which reduces the kinase activity of ROCKs by an autoinhibitory intramolecular fold if RhoA-GTP is not present. 5480: 4885: 3904: 3401: 3392: 3049: 2995: 2823: 2818: 2378: 2196: 828: 251:
ROCK plays a role in a wide range of different cellular phenomena, as ROCK is a downstream effector protein of the small
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in G1, and is proposed to be required for contraction of the cleavage furrow, which is necessary for the completion of
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Research over the past two decades has shown that ROCK signaling plays an important role in many diseases including
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Feng Y, LoGrasso PV, Defert O, Li R (March 2016). "Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitors and Their Therapeutic Potential".
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intermediate filament proteins: Vimentin, GFAP (glial fibrillaric acidic protein), NF-L (neurofilament L protein)
2040: 1788:"A novel selective multikinase inhibitor of ROCK and MRCK effectively blocks cancer cell migration and invasion" 1069:"ROCK-I and ROCK-II, two isoforms of Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein serine/threonine kinase in mice" 5720: 5307: 4810: 4792: 4329: 4320: 4271: 3037: 2882: 2274: 2255: 2186: 1920: 81: 1584:"Targeting Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) in cardiovascular fibrosis and stiffening" 286:. These substrates, once phosphorylated, regulate actin filament organization and contractility as follows: 5513: 5223: 5193: 5178: 5141: 4629: 4052: 2132: 697: 381:
ROCK plays an important role in cell cycle control, it seems to inhibit the premature separation of the two
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Kale, Vijay Pralhad; Hengst, Jeremy A.; Desai, Dhimant H.; Amin, Shantu G.; Yun, Jong K. (2015-06-01).
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ROCK inhibits the depolymerization of actin filaments indirectly: ROCK phosphorylates and activates
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Yasui Y, Amano M, Nagata K, Inagaki N, Nakamura H, Saya H, Kaibuchi K, Inagaki M (November 1998).
5773: 4982: 4947: 4506: 4460: 2480: 2418: 2369: 2104: 1931: 1629: 1425: 1376: 1327: 1269: 1197:"ROCK isoform regulation of myosin phosphatase and contractility in vascular smooth muscle cells" 1141: 1098: 997: 929: 686: 4699: 4870: 4826: 3766: 3475: 2495: 2485: 2475: 2400: 2384: 2343: 2329: 2324: 2062: 2025: 1868: 1860: 1825: 1807: 1768: 1760: 1721: 1672: 1664: 1621: 1603: 1564: 1515: 1474: 1417: 1368: 1319: 1261: 1226: 1177: 1133: 1090: 1046: 989: 921: 400: 4841: 4819: 4815: 4359: 3601: 3591: 3586: 3504: 3495: 3425: 3416: 3362: 3353: 3010: 2828: 2490: 2470: 2412: 2308: 2206: 2191: 2137: 2035: 2030: 1889: 1852: 1815: 1799: 1752: 1711: 1703: 1656: 1611: 1595: 1554: 1546: 1505: 1464: 1456: 1407: 1358: 1311: 1253: 1216: 1208: 1169: 1125: 1080: 1036: 1028: 981: 911: 903: 754: 231: 147: 5538: 5079: 1288:"Entrez Gene: PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog (mutated in multiple advanced cancers 1)" 86: 5561: 5556: 5317: 5312: 5288: 5283: 5249: 5146: 5074: 4898: 4185: 3256: 3251: 3246: 2751: 2741: 2563: 2534: 2160: 2067: 2052: 1741:"The regulatory roles of ROCK and MRCK kinases in the plasticity of cancer cell migration" 840: 758: 659: 544: 181: 173: 168:
Rat ROCKs were discovered as the first effectors of Rho and they induce the formation of
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NHE1 (a sodium hydrogen exchanger, involved in focal adhesions and actin organisation)
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Kosako H, Yoshida T, Matsumura F, Ishizaki T, Narumiya S, Inagaki M (December 2000).
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Riento K, Ridley AJ (June 2003). "Rocks: multifunctional kinases in cell behaviour".
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Anjum I (June 2018). "Calcium sensitization mechanisms in detrusor smooth muscles".
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and thus cell-substratum contacts. ROCK increases the activity of the motor protein
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Wang Y, Zheng XR, Riddick N, Bryden M, Baur W, Zhang X, Surks HK (February 2009).
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ROCKs are homologous to other metazoan kinases such as myotonic dystrophy kinase (
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signaling pathway, resulting in a reduction of cell size and influence cell fate.
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Nakagawa O, Fujisawa K, Ishizaki T, Saito Y, Nakao K, Narumiya S (August 1996).
669: 554: 415: 386: 371: 367: 340: 283: 158: 5388: 5183: 4860: 4474: 2948: 2445: 2288: 2201: 1966: 1916: 1707: 907: 690: 635: 520: 382: 297: 138: 5710: 1864: 1811: 1764: 1668: 1607: 5652: 4865: 4783: 3435: 2724: 2637: 2174: 1940: 1510: 1493: 1129: 737: 404: 189: 32: 1872: 1829: 1772: 1725: 1676: 1625: 1568: 1519: 1460: 1421: 1412: 1395: 1323: 1265: 1230: 1181: 1137: 1032: 993: 925: 835:. For example, ROCK has been hypothesized to play an important role in the 1478: 1372: 1094: 1050: 349:
Thus in both cases, ROCK activation by Rho induces the formation of actin
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1. ROCK is a key regulator of actin organization and thus a regulator of
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Different substrates can be phosphorylated by ROCKs, including LIM
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3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase
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sequences in common and 92% homology within their kinase domains.
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CDP-diacylglycerol—glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase
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and ROCK2 have been identified. ROCK1 is mainly expressed in the
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Wei L, Surma M, Shi S, Lambert-Cheatham N, Shi J (August 2016).
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of ROCK. ROCK can also be regulated by lipids, in particular
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binding between the C-terminal cluster of RBD domain and the
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deficiencies of intracellular signaling peptides and proteins
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RhoA-GTP stimulates the phospholipid phosphatase activity of
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Rho that increases ROCK kinase activity when bound to it.
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cell-cell contacts by activating actomyosin contractility.
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Drechsel DN, Hyman AA, Hall A, Glotzer M (January 1997).
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Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology
357:-based adhesion points with the extracellular substrate. 314:
ROCK also regulates cell migration by promoting cellular
124:) occur in mammals (human, rat, mouse, cow), zebrafish, 1692:"Novel Insights into the Roles of Rho Kinase in Cancer" 796: 569:
Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2
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Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1
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Yu B, Sladojevic N, Blair JE, Liao JK (January 2020).
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CDP-diacylglycerol—inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase
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Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase
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CDP-diacylglycerol—choline O-phosphatidyltransferase
403:, a morphological change seen in cells committed to 343:, leading to increased levels of phosphorylated MLC. 328:
Firstly, phosphorylation of the myosin light chain (
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CDP-diacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase
2666: 2656: 2626: 2608: 2585: 2557: 2456: 2296: 2287: 2264: 2224: 2169: 2146: 2118: 1952: 1928: 729:in close proximity just in front of the PH domain. 665: 655: 650: 634: 622: 610: 598: 586: 578: 573: 568: 550: 540: 535: 519: 507: 495: 483: 471: 461: 456: 451: 80: 75: 63: 55: 47: 42: 25: 5623:Sh2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1535:"ROCK as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke" 1015:Leung T, Chen XQ, Manser E, Lim L (October 1996). 700:), DMPK-related cell division control protein 42 ( 1696:Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis 761:, which induces N-terminal transphosphorylation. 749:It has also been shown that Rho is not the only 741:ROCK is then no longer intramolecularly folded. 157:. Mammalian ROCK consists of a kinase domain, a 150:and is a major downstream effector of the small 967: 965: 963: 961: 959: 957: 955: 953: 951: 949: 947: 945: 943: 885: 883: 881: 879: 716:ROCK is a downstream effector molecule of the 258:, which is one of the major regulators of the 220:. However, ROCK2 is distributed mostly in the 105:belonging to the AGC (PKA/ PKG/PKC) family of 4731:Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins 4715: 2910:Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinases 2859: 1897: 1533:Sladojevic N, Yu B, Liao JK (December 2017). 1062: 1060: 8: 2705:N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase 2595:UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase 5618:Receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase 5581: 5265: 4797: 4788: 4722: 4708: 4700: 4638: 4624: 4014: 4000: 3293:Goodpasture-antigen-binding protein kinase 2905: 2891: 2866: 2852: 2844: 2733: 2663: 2293: 2284: 1949: 1904: 1890: 1882: 647: 532: 31: 5219:Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein 4006:Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases 3180:(isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)) kinase 2897:Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases 2879:Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases 2799:serine/threonine-specific protein kinases 2777:serine/threonine-specific protein kinases 2600:Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase 1819: 1715: 1615: 1558: 1509: 1468: 1411: 1362: 1220: 1084: 1040: 915: 107:serine-threonine specific protein kinases 5726:Phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 5362:Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4774:Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 4541:Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase 732:The kinase activity is inhibited by the 242: 4524:Low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase 890:Hahmann C, Schroeter T (January 2010). 875: 5481:Focal adhesion protein-tyrosine kinase 4764:Intracellular calcium-sensing proteins 974:Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology 565: 448: 22: 3269:Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase 1588:Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets 819:, neurodegenerative diseases such as 7: 4550:Bone morphogenetic protein receptors 896:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 3084:Dephospho-(reductase kinase) kinase 196:increases. Two mouse ROCK isoforms 5706:Signal transducing adaptor protein 4881:3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase 4837:3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 3539:G-protein coupled receptor kinases 1539:Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 392:ROCKs also seem to antagonize the 180:(myosin light chain). Due to this 14: 5701:Activating transcription factor 6 5115:G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3529:Beta adrenergic receptor kinase-2 3214:(tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) kinase 2110:Glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase 1661:10.2174/1389450117666160401123825 1492:Piekny AJ, Mains PE (June 2002). 142:) and chicken. Human ROCK1 has a 37:Crystal structure of human ROCK I 5245:Phosphoinositide phospholipase C 4221:Mitogen-activated protein kinase 2251:Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase 783: 322:II by two different mechanisms: 4607:Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor 4490:(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase 4162:(RNA-polymerase)-subunit kinase 3524:Beta adrenergic receptor kinase 3515:Beta adrenergic receptor kinase 1304:Nephron Experimental Nephrology 374:and tensin homologue), a human 339:Secondly, ROCK inactivates MLC 300:, which in turn phosphorylates 5684:GTP-binding protein regulators 5674:GTP-binding protein regulators 4230:Extracellular signal-regulated 1845:Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1021:Molecular and Cellular Biology 837:pleiotropic effects of statins 361:2. Other functions and targets 1: 5433:Rho-associated protein kinase 4294:P38 mitogen-activated protein 3393:cGMP-dependent protein kinase 3354:cAMP-dependent protein kinase 3050:Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2996:Ataxia telangiectasia mutated 2824:Protein-histidine tele-kinase 2819:Protein-histidine pros-kinase 2698:Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase 1600:10.1080/14728222.2020.1712593 1551:10.1080/14737175.2017.1395700 1364:10.1016/S0960-9822(06)00023-6 1213:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.108.188524 829:amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 681:The two mouse ROCK isoforms, 95:Rho-associated protein kinase 51:Rho-associated protein kinase 5639:Dual-specificity phosphatase 5614:protein tyrosine phosphatase 5120:AMP-activated protein kinase 3093:AMP-activated protein kinase 2530:RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1857:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00683 1804:10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.032 1757:10.1016/j.canlet.2015.03.017 1174:10.1126/science.285.5429.895 1086:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00811-3 5663:apoptosis signaling pathway 4008:(EC 2.7.11.21-EC 2.7.11.30) 2437:RNA-directed DNA polymerase 2305:DNA-directed DNA polymerase 1449:The Journal of Cell Biology 846:Researchers are developing 247:Role and regulation of ROCK 5795: 3935:Elongation factor 2 kinase 2899:(EC 2.7.11.1-EC 2.7.11.20) 2790:: protein-dual-specificity 768: 332:) increases the myosin II 282:light chain (MLC) and MLC 15: 5744: 5507:Serine/threonine/tyrosine 5110: 4993: 4894: 4637: 4623: 4330:MAP kinase kinase kinases 4013: 3999: 3862:Myosin light-chain kinase 3568:Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent 3233:Myosin-heavy-chain kinase 2904: 2890: 1708:10.1007/s00005-015-0382-6 908:10.1007/s00018-009-0189-x 646: 531: 291:Amount of actin filaments 30: 5721:Olfactory marker protein 5308:Glycogen synthase kinase 4811:Heterotrimeric G protein 4630:Dual-specificity kinases 2767:protein-serine/threonine 2667:Phosphatidyltransferases 2256:Thiamine diphosphokinase 16:Not to be confused with 5514:Dual-specificity kinase 5224:Cyclin-dependent kinase 4053:Cyclin-dependent kinase 1511:10.1242/jcs.115.11.2271 1498:Journal of Cell Science 1130:10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0071 414:retraction by inducing 2587:Nucleotidyltransferase 2270:nucleotidyltransferase 2197:Nucleoside-diphosphate 1461:10.1083/jcb.143.5.1249 1413:10.1038/sj.onc.1203987 1033:10.1128/mcb.16.10.5313 817:cardiovascular disease 309:Cellular contractility 248: 5595:Protein phosphatase 2 5406:p21-activated kinases 2441:Reverse transcriptase 769:Further information: 685:and ROCK2, have high 428:3. Other ROCK targets 399:ROCKS play a role in 246: 4998:G beta-gamma complex 3896:Phosphorylase kinase 2230:diphosphotransferase 2212:Thiamine-diphosphate 1919:-containing groups ( 1649:Current Drug Targets 1201:Circulation Research 771:Rho kinase inhibitor 410:ROCKs contribute to 5577:protein phosphatase 5450:Ribosomal s6 kinase 2812:: protein-histidine 2730:; protein acceptor) 2618:mRNA capping enzyme 2610:Guanylyltransferase 1246:Nature Cell Biology 825:Parkinson's disease 821:Alzheimer's disease 708:at the C-terminus 176:by phosphorylating 163:Pleckstrin homology 4747:MAP kinase pathway 4507:Tropomyosin kinase 4461:Tau-protein kinase 2088:Phosphoinositide 3 1932:phosphotransferase 1504:(Pt 11): 2271–82. 795:. You can help by 249: 5756: 5755: 5711:I-kappa B protein 5647: 5646: 5570: 5569: 5207: 5206: 5128: 5127: 4871:Guanylate cyclase 4827:Adenylate cyclase 4697: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4619: 4618: 4615: 4614: 3995: 3994: 3991: 3990: 3476:Protein kinase N1 3431:Protein kinase Cζ 2841: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2713: 2712: 2652: 2651: 2553: 2552: 2466:Template-directed 2220: 2219: 2187:Phosphomevalonate 1545:(12): 1167–1177. 1316:10.1159/000078406 813: 812: 679: 678: 675: 674: 564: 563: 560: 559: 401:membrane blebbing 130:, invertebrates ( 92: 91: 5786: 5779:Protein families 5586:Serine/threonine 5582: 5270:Serine/threonine 5266: 4886:Protein kinase G 4842:Protein kinase A 4798: 4789: 4724: 4717: 4710: 4701: 4639: 4625: 4272:C-Jun N-terminal 4015: 4001: 3505:Rhodopsin kinase 3496:Rhodopsin kinase 3426:Protein kinase C 3417:Protein kinase C 3402:Protein kinase G 3363:Protein kinase A 2974:Protein kinase B 2906: 2892: 2868: 2861: 2854: 2845: 2829:Histidine kinase 2752:tyrosine kinases 2742:protein-tyrosine 2734: 2664: 2471:RNA polymerase I 2294: 2285: 2138:Aspartate kinase 2133:Phosphoglycerate 1950: 1906: 1899: 1892: 1883: 1877: 1876: 1851:(6): 2269–2300. 1840: 1834: 1833: 1823: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1736: 1730: 1729: 1719: 1687: 1681: 1680: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1619: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1562: 1530: 1524: 1523: 1513: 1489: 1483: 1482: 1472: 1440: 1434: 1433: 1415: 1391: 1385: 1384: 1366: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1298: 1292: 1291: 1284: 1278: 1277: 1241: 1235: 1234: 1224: 1192: 1186: 1185: 1156: 1150: 1149: 1113: 1107: 1106: 1088: 1064: 1055: 1054: 1044: 1012: 1006: 1005: 969: 938: 937: 919: 887: 808: 805: 787: 780: 755:arachidonic acid 745:Other regulators 689:. They have 65% 648: 566: 533: 449: 232:Protein kinase C 35: 23: 5794: 5793: 5789: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5783: 5759: 5758: 5757: 5752: 5740: 5689: 5668: 5643: 5627: 5599: 5566: 5557:Arginine kinase 5545: 5502: 5461: 5254: 5250:Phospholipase C 5233: 5203: 5124: 5106: 5036: 5003: 4989: 4904: 4899:G alpha subunit 4890: 4846: 4778: 4752: 4733: 4728: 4698: 4685: 4633: 4611: 4535: 4518: 4501: 4484: 4455: 4315: 4215: 4186:P70-S6 Kinase 1 4156: 4047: 4009: 3987: 3953: 3929: 3890: 3856: 3562: 3533: 3509: 3490: 3411: 3387: 3348: 3304: 3287: 3263: 3257:Aurora C kinase 3252:Aurora B kinase 3247:Aurora A kinase 3227: 3208: 3174: 3145: 3078: 3044: 2900: 2886: 2872: 2842: 2833: 2804: 2782: 2757: 2728: 2722: 2718:2.7.10-2.7.13: 2709: 2693: 2660:: miscellaneous 2648: 2622: 2604: 2581: 2564:exoribonuclease 2561: 2549: 2535:Polyadenylation 2452: 2278: 2272: 2260: 2242: 2238: 2232: 2216: 2178: 2165: 2142: 2114: 1944: 1938: 1930: 1924: 1910: 1880: 1842: 1841: 1837: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1646: 1645: 1641: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1532: 1531: 1527: 1491: 1490: 1486: 1442: 1441: 1437: 1406:(52): 6059–64. 1393: 1392: 1388: 1351:Current Biology 1344: 1343: 1339: 1300: 1299: 1295: 1286: 1285: 1281: 1258:10.1038/ncb1236 1243: 1242: 1238: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1168:(5429): 895–8. 1158: 1157: 1153: 1115: 1114: 1110: 1066: 1065: 1058: 1027:(10): 5313–27. 1014: 1013: 1009: 986:10.1038/nrm1128 971: 970: 941: 889: 888: 877: 873: 861: 848:ROCK inhibitors 841:drug resistance 809: 803: 800: 793:needs expansion 778: 773: 767: 759:oligomerization 714: 447: 241: 192:and, thus, the 182:phosphorylation 174:focal adhesions 38: 21: 12: 11: 5: 5792: 5790: 5782: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5761: 5760: 5754: 5753: 5745: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5678: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5667: 5666: 5657: 5655: 5649: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5641: 5635: 5633: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5625: 5620: 5610: 5608: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5597: 5591: 5589: 5579: 5572: 5571: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5564: 5559: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5543: 5542: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5510: 5508: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5500: 5495: 5494: 5493: 5488: 5478: 5472: 5470: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5459: 5458: 5457: 5447: 5446: 5445: 5440: 5430: 5429: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5403: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5359: 5358: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5337: 5336: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5305: 5304: 5303: 5293: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5275: 5273: 5263: 5261:protein kinase 5256: 5255: 5253: 5252: 5247: 5241: 5239: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5170: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5149: 5144: 5138: 5136: 5130: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5122: 5117: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5103: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5001: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4987: 4986: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4902: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4857: 4855: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4823: 4822: 4807: 4805: 4795: 4793:Heterotrimeric 4786: 4780: 4779: 4777: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4760: 4758: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4750: 4741: 4739: 4735: 4734: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4719: 4712: 4704: 4695: 4694: 4691: 4690: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4647: 4645: 4635: 4634: 4628: 4621: 4620: 4617: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4546: 4544: 4543:(EC 2.7.11.30) 4537: 4536: 4534: 4533: 4529: 4527: 4526:(EC 2.7.11.29) 4520: 4519: 4517: 4516: 4512: 4510: 4509:(EC 2.7.11.28) 4503: 4502: 4500: 4499: 4495: 4493: 4492:(EC 2.7.11.27) 4486: 4485: 4483: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4466: 4464: 4463:(EC 2.7.11.26) 4457: 4456: 4454: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4401: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4374: 4373: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4326: 4324: 4323:(EC 2.7.11.25) 4317: 4316: 4314: 4313: 4312: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4291: 4290: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4226: 4224: 4223:(EC 2.7.11.24) 4217: 4216: 4214: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4167: 4165: 4164:(EC 2.7.11.23) 4158: 4157: 4155: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4058: 4056: 4055:(EC 2.7.11.22) 4049: 4048: 4046: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4024: 4022: 4021:(EC 2.7.11.21) 4011: 4010: 4004: 3997: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3964: 3962: 3961:(EC 2.7.11.21) 3955: 3954: 3952: 3951: 3946: 3940: 3938: 3937:(EC 2.7.11.20) 3931: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3901: 3899: 3898:(EC 2.7.11.19) 3892: 3891: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3867: 3865: 3864:(EC 2.7.11.18) 3858: 3857: 3855: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3573: 3571: 3570:(EC 2.7.11.17) 3564: 3563: 3561: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3544: 3542: 3541:(EC 2.7.11.16) 3535: 3534: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3520: 3518: 3517:(EC 2.7.11.15) 3511: 3510: 3508: 3507: 3501: 3499: 3498:(EC 2.7.11.14) 3492: 3491: 3489: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3422: 3420: 3419:(EC 2.7.11.13) 3413: 3412: 3410: 3409: 3404: 3398: 3396: 3395:(EC 2.7.11.12) 3389: 3388: 3386: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3359: 3357: 3356:(EC 2.7.11.11) 3350: 3349: 3347: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3315: 3313: 3312:(EC 2.7.11.10) 3306: 3305: 3303: 3302: 3298: 3296: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3285: 3280: 3274: 3272: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3261: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3238: 3236: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3225: 3219: 3217: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3185: 3183: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3156: 3154: 3147: 3146: 3144: 3143: 3142: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3123: 3122: 3121: 3116: 3108: 3107: 3106: 3101: 3089: 3087: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3055: 3053: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3042: 3041: 3040: 3030: 3029: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2915: 2913: 2902: 2901: 2895: 2888: 2887: 2873: 2871: 2870: 2863: 2856: 2848: 2839: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2815: 2813: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2802: 2793: 2791: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2780: 2771: 2769: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2755: 2746: 2744: 2731: 2726: 2720:protein kinase 2715: 2714: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2707: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2670: 2668: 2661: 2654: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2647: 2646: 2641: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2620: 2614: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2591: 2589: 2583: 2582: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2568: 2566: 2559:Phosphorolytic 2555: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2527: 2526: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2505: 2504: 2503: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2462: 2460: 2458:RNA polymerase 2454: 2453: 2451: 2450: 2449: 2448: 2438: 2434: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2410: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2374: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2341: 2340: 2339: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2306: 2302: 2300: 2298:DNA polymerase 2291: 2282: 2276: 2262: 2261: 2259: 2258: 2253: 2247: 2245: 2240: 2236: 2222: 2221: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2183: 2181: 2176: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2163: 2157: 2155: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2140: 2135: 2129: 2127: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2085: 2083:Diacylglycerol 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1994:Phosphofructo- 1991: 1986: 1985: 1984: 1974: 1969: 1963: 1961: 1947: 1942: 1926: 1925: 1911: 1909: 1908: 1901: 1894: 1886: 1879: 1878: 1835: 1798:(2): 299–310. 1792:Cancer Letters 1778: 1751:(2): 185–196. 1745:Cancer Letters 1731: 1682: 1655:(4): 455–462. 1639: 1574: 1525: 1484: 1455:(5): 1249–58. 1435: 1386: 1337: 1293: 1279: 1252:(4): 399–404. 1236: 1187: 1151: 1124:(3): 227–235. 1108: 1056: 1007: 939: 874: 872: 869: 868: 867: 860: 857: 811: 810: 790: 788: 777: 774: 766: 763: 757:, and protein 734:intramolecular 724:Autoinhibition 713: 710: 677: 676: 673: 672: 667: 663: 662: 657: 653: 652: 644: 643: 638: 632: 631: 626: 620: 619: 614: 608: 607: 602: 596: 595: 590: 584: 583: 580: 576: 575: 571: 570: 562: 561: 558: 557: 552: 548: 547: 542: 538: 537: 529: 528: 523: 517: 516: 511: 505: 504: 499: 493: 492: 487: 481: 480: 475: 469: 468: 463: 459: 458: 454: 453: 446: 443: 442: 441: 437: 434: 425: 424: 420: 408: 397: 390: 379: 347: 346: 345: 344: 337: 312: 311: 294: 293: 268:cell migration 240: 237: 144:molecular mass 90: 89: 84: 78: 77: 73: 72: 67: 61: 60: 57: 53: 52: 49: 45: 44: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5791: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5766: 5764: 5751: 5750: 5743: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5602: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5573: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5548: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5516: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5499: 5496: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5483: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5464: 5456: 5453: 5452: 5451: 5448: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5434: 5431: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5407: 5404: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5391: 5390: 5387: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5363: 5360: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5341: 5338: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5309: 5306: 5302: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5294: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5281: 5280: 5279:Casein kinase 5277: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5257: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5236: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5154: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5131: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5109: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5004: 4999: 4996: 4995: 4992: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4893: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4849: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4814: 4813: 4812: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4781: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4743: 4742: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4725: 4720: 4718: 4713: 4711: 4706: 4705: 4702: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4622: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4551: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4538: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4521: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4504: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4487: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4458: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4405: 4402: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4379: 4378: 4375: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4331: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4318: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4295: 4292: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4273: 4270: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4231: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4218: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4050: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3998: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3932: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3893: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3536: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3390: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3366: 3364: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3351: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3307: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3295:(EC 2.7.11.9) 3294: 3290: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3271:(EC 2.7.11.8) 3270: 3266: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3242:Aurora kinase 3240: 3239: 3237: 3235:(EC 2.7.11.7) 3234: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3216:(EC 2.7.11.6) 3215: 3211: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3182:(EC 2.7.11.5) 3181: 3177: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3153:(EC 2.7.11.4) 3152: 3148: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3090: 3088: 3086:(EC 2.7.11.3) 3085: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3052:(EC 2.7.11.2) 3051: 3047: 3039: 3036: 3035: 3034: 3031: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3008: 3007: 3006:EIF-2 kinases 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2912:(EC 2.7.11.1) 2911: 2907: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2869: 2864: 2862: 2857: 2855: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2773: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2721: 2716: 2706: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2510: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2447: 2444: 2443: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2172: 2168: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2098:Class II PI 3 2096: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2073:Deoxycytidine 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2041:ADP-thymidine 2039: 2038: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1937: 1933: 1927: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1907: 1902: 1900: 1895: 1893: 1888: 1887: 1884: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1839: 1836: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1782: 1779: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1735: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1702:(4): 259–78. 1701: 1697: 1693: 1686: 1683: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1643: 1640: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1578: 1575: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1529: 1526: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1488: 1485: 1480: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1439: 1436: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1390: 1387: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1341: 1338: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1310:(2): e49–61. 1309: 1305: 1297: 1294: 1289: 1283: 1280: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1240: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1207:(4): 531–40. 1206: 1202: 1198: 1191: 1188: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1155: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1112: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1079:(2): 189–93. 1078: 1074: 1070: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1011: 1008: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 980:(6): 446–56. 979: 975: 968: 966: 964: 962: 960: 958: 956: 954: 952: 950: 948: 946: 944: 940: 935: 931: 927: 923: 918: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 886: 884: 882: 880: 876: 870: 866: 863: 862: 858: 856: 853: 849: 844: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 807: 798: 794: 791:This section 789: 786: 782: 781: 775: 772: 764: 762: 760: 756: 752: 747: 746: 742: 739: 735: 730: 726: 725: 721: 719: 711: 709: 707: 703: 699: 694: 692: 688: 684: 671: 668: 664: 661: 658: 654: 649: 645: 642: 639: 637: 633: 630: 627: 625: 621: 618: 615: 613: 609: 606: 603: 601: 597: 594: 591: 589: 585: 581: 577: 572: 567: 556: 553: 549: 546: 543: 539: 534: 530: 527: 524: 522: 518: 515: 512: 510: 506: 503: 500: 498: 494: 491: 488: 486: 482: 479: 476: 474: 470: 467: 464: 460: 455: 450: 444: 438: 435: 432: 431: 430: 429: 421: 417: 413: 409: 406: 402: 398: 395: 391: 388: 384: 380: 377: 373: 369: 365: 364: 363: 362: 358: 356: 352: 351:stress fibers 342: 338: 335: 331: 327: 326: 325: 324: 323: 321: 317: 310: 307: 306: 305: 303: 299: 292: 289: 288: 287: 285: 281: 277: 272: 271: 269: 263: 261: 257: 254: 245: 238: 236: 233: 229: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 194:contractility 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 170:stress fibers 166: 164: 161:region and a 160: 156: 153: 149: 145: 141: 140: 135: 134: 129: 128: 123: 119: 114: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 88: 85: 83: 79: 74: 71: 68: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 41: 34: 29: 24: 19: 5746: 5681: 5660: 5432: 5296:eIF-2 kinase 4744: 4181:P70S6 kinase 2796: 2774: 2749: 2370: 2335: 2093:Class I PI 3 2058:Pantothenate 1929:2.7.1-2.7.4: 1913:Transferases 1848: 1844: 1838: 1795: 1791: 1781: 1748: 1744: 1734: 1699: 1695: 1685: 1652: 1648: 1642: 1594:(1): 47–62. 1591: 1587: 1577: 1542: 1538: 1528: 1501: 1497: 1487: 1452: 1448: 1438: 1403: 1399: 1389: 1357:(1): 12–23. 1354: 1350: 1340: 1307: 1303: 1296: 1282: 1249: 1245: 1239: 1204: 1200: 1190: 1165: 1161: 1154: 1121: 1117: 1111: 1076: 1073:FEBS Letters 1072: 1024: 1020: 1010: 977: 973: 902:(2): 171–7. 899: 895: 845: 814: 804:January 2020 801: 797:adding to it 792: 748: 744: 743: 731: 727: 723: 722: 715: 695: 680: 427: 426: 360: 359: 348: 313: 308: 295: 290: 273: 265: 264: 260:cytoskeleton 250: 230: 167: 146:of 158  137: 136:, mosquito, 131: 125: 115: 111:cytoskeleton 98: 94: 93: 56:Alt. symbols 4983:GNA15/GNA16 4769:Calcineurin 4632:(EC 2.7.12) 4019:Polo kinase 3959:Polo kinase 2644:Transposase 2634:Recombinase 2279:-nucleoside 2105:Sphingosine 660:Swiss-model 574:Identifiers 545:Swiss-model 457:Identifiers 416:growth cone 387:cytokinesis 372:phosphatase 341:phosphatase 316:contraction 302:ADF/cofilin 284:phosphatase 270:as follows: 188:binding of 159:coiled-coil 43:Identifiers 5769:Cell cycle 5763:Categories 5389:Lim kinase 5340:IκB kinase 4861:Transducin 3310:IκB kinase 2885:2.7.11-12) 2446:Telomerase 2289:Polymerase 2063:Mevalonate 2026:Riboflavin 1917:phosphorus 871:References 765:Inhibitors 718:Rho GTPase 712:Regulation 691:amino acid 656:Structures 651:Search for 541:Structures 536:Search for 445:Homologues 440:membrane). 383:centrioles 298:LIM kinase 139:Drosophila 133:C. elegans 76:Other data 5774:EC 2.7.11 5747:see also 5653:Apoptosis 5134:Monomeric 4866:Gustducin 4784:G protein 3436:PKC alpha 2638:Integrase 2562:3' to 5' 2207:Guanylate 2202:Uridylate 2192:Adenylate 2036:Thymidine 2031:Shikimate 1865:1520-4804 1812:0304-3835 1765:0304-3835 1669:1873-5592 1634:210043399 1608:1744-7631 751:activator 738:PH domain 629:NM_004850 588:NCBI gene 514:NM_005406 473:NCBI gene 419:collapse. 405:apoptosis 190:myosin II 82:EC number 65:NCBI gene 5605:Tyrosine 5550:Arginine 5467:Tyrosine 3792:KIAA0999 3687:MAPKAPK5 3682:MAPKAPK3 3677:MAPKAPK2 2572:RNase PH 2180:acceptor 2161:Creatine 2154:acceptor 2126:acceptor 2068:Pyruvate 2053:Glycerol 2014:Platelet 1989:Galacto- 1960:acceptor 1873:26486225 1830:25172415 1773:25796438 1726:26725045 1677:27033194 1626:31906742 1569:29057688 1520:12006612 1430:39115039 1422:11146558 1400:Oncogene 1381:16144917 1332:45342422 1324:15218323 1274:19316266 1266:15793569 1231:19131646 1182:10436159 1146:20486807 1138:29306925 1002:40665081 994:12778124 926:19907920 917:11115778 859:See also 852:RKI-1447 850:such as 687:homology 670:InterPro 555:InterPro 355:integrin 239:Function 87:2.7.11.1 5731:EDARADD 5716:Mucin-4 5455:RPS6KA1 5301:EIF2AK3 4757:Calcium 4451:MAP3K14 4429:MAP3K11 4424:MAP3K10 4414:MAP3K13 4409:MAP3K12 4211:RPS6KC1 4206:RPS6KA1 4201:RPS6KA3 4196:RPS6KA2 4191:RPS6KB2 4176:RPS6KA4 4171:RPS6KA5 3822:Kalirin 3787:SNF1LK2 3026:EIF2AK4 3021:EIF2AK3 2875:Kinases 2523:PrimPol 2508:Primase 1982:Hepatic 1977:Fructo- 1821:4182185 1717:4930737 1617:7662835 1560:6221831 1479:9832553 1470:2133074 1373:8999996 1222:2649695 1162:Science 1103:6684411 1095:8772201 1051:8816443 934:6445354 776:Disease 666:Domains 636:UniProt 551:Domains 521:UniProt 412:neurite 394:insulin 127:Xenopus 116:ROCKs ( 101:) is a 18:Rho Chi 5736:PRKCSH 5575:Other 5524:DYRK1B 5519:DYRK1A 5259:Other 5229:Cyclin 5212:Cyclin 4681:MAP2K7 4676:MAP2K6 4671:MAP2K5 4666:MAP2K4 4661:MAP2K3 4656:MAP2K2 4651:MAP2K1 4602:ACVRL1 4597:ACVR2B 4592:ACVR2A 4587:ACVR1C 4582:ACVR1B 4565:BMPR1B 4560:BMPR1A 4434:MAP3K7 4419:MAP3K9 4370:MAP3K8 4365:MAP3K7 4360:MAP3K6 4355:MAP3K5 4350:MAP3K4 4345:MAP3K3 4340:MAP3K2 4335:MAP3K1 4309:MAPK14 4304:MAPK13 4299:MAPK11 4287:MAPK10 4265:MAPK15 4260:MAPK12 4152:CDC2L1 4127:CDC2L5 3802:SNF1LK 3627:CAMK2G 3622:CAMK2D 3617:CAMK2B 3612:CAMK2A 3602:CAMK1G 3597:CAMK1D 3592:CAMK1B 3587:CAMK1A 3441:PRKCB1 3378:PRKACA 3373:PRKACB 3368:PRKACG 3344:IKBKAP 3170:BCKDHB 3165:BCKDHA 3139:PRKAG3 3134:PRKAG2 3129:PRKAG1 3119:PRKAB2 3114:PRKAB1 3104:PRKAA2 3099:PRKAA1 2944:STK38L 2810:2.7.13 2788:2.7.12 2763:2.7.11 2738:2.7.10 2577:PNPase 2545:PNPase 2501:POLRMT 2496:ssRNAP 2009:Muscle 1972:Gluco- 1936:kinase 1871:  1863:  1828:  1818:  1810:  1771:  1763:  1724:  1714:  1675:  1667:  1632:  1624:  1614:  1606:  1567:  1557:  1518:  1477:  1467:  1428:  1420:  1379:  1371:  1330:  1322:  1272:  1264:  1229:  1219:  1180:  1144:  1136:  1101:  1093:  1049:  1042:231530 1039:  1000:  992:  932:  924:  914:  833:cancer 831:, and 827:, and 706:motifs 641:O75116 624:RefSeq 617:604002 579:Symbol 526:Q13464 509:RefSeq 502:601702 462:Symbol 334:ATPase 320:myosin 280:myosin 276:kinase 253:GTPase 218:testis 214:kidney 210:spleen 184:, the 152:GTPase 103:kinase 70:579202 48:Symbol 5694:Other 5632:both: 5539:DYRK4 5534:DYRK3 5529:DYRK2 5491:PTK2B 5476:ZAP70 5443:ROCK2 5438:ROCK1 5399:LIMK2 5394:LIMK1 5382:IRAK4 5377:IRAK3 5372:IRAK2 5367:IRAK1 5355:IKBKG 5333:GSK3B 5328:GSK3A 5323:GSK-3 5238:Lipid 5189:Rhebs 5100:BSCL2 5095:GNG13 5090:GNG12 5085:GNG11 5080:GNG10 5045:GNGT2 5040:GNGT1 4978:GNA14 4973:GNA13 4968:GNA12 4963:GNA11 4938:GNAT3 4933:GNAT2 4928:GNAT1 4923:GNAI3 4918:GNAI2 4913:GNAI1 4908:GNAO1 4643:MAP2K 4577:ACVR1 4570:BMPR2 4555:BMPR1 4480:GSK-3 4321:MAP3K 4282:MAPK9 4277:MAPK8 4255:MAPK7 4250:MAPK6 4245:MAPK4 4240:MAPK3 4235:MAPK1 4147:PFTK1 4142:PCTK3 4137:PCTK2 4132:PCTK1 4122:CDK12 4117:CDK10 4092:CDKL5 4072:CDKL2 3949:STK19 3944:EEF2K 3925:PHKG2 3920:PHKG1 3910:PHKA2 3905:PHKA1 3886:MYLK4 3881:MYLK3 3876:MYLK2 3852:DCLK1 3847:Titin 3837:TRIB3 3832:TRIB2 3827:TRIB1 3817:TSSK2 3797:STK40 3782:PSKH1 3777:PRKD3 3772:PRKD2 3752:PHKG2 3747:PHKG1 3737:OBSCN 3732:NUAK2 3727:NUAK1 3722:MKNK2 3717:MKNK1 3707:MARK4 3702:MARK3 3697:MARK2 3692:MARK1 3672:STK11 3667:DAPK3 3662:DAPK2 3657:DAPK1 3652:CHEK2 3647:CHEK1 3632:CAMK4 3607:CAMK2 3582:CAMK1 3577:BRSK2 3471:PRKCQ 3466:PRKCI 3461:PRKCG 3456:PRKCH 3451:PRKCE 3446:PRKCD 3407:PRKG1 3339:IKBKG 3334:IKBKE 3283:STK10 3278:FASTK 3204:IDH3G 3199:IDH3B 3194:IDH3A 3160:BCKDK 2954:ROCK1 2939:STK38 2934:MAST2 2929:MAST1 2924:LATS2 2919:LATS1 2658:2.7.8 2627:Other 2266:2.7.7 2226:2.7.6 2171:2.7.4 2148:2.7.3 2120:2.7.2 2004:Liver 1967:Hexo- 1954:2.7.1 1630:S2CID 1426:S2CID 1377:S2CID 1328:S2CID 1270:S2CID 1142:S2CID 1099:S2CID 998:S2CID 930:S2CID 865:ROCK1 702:Cdc42 683:ROCK1 605:10252 582:ROCK2 490:10251 466:ROCK1 376:tumor 226:heart 222:brain 206:liver 198:ROCK1 186:actin 122:ROCK2 118:ROCK1 5682:see 5661:see 5562:McsB 5486:PTK2 5426:PAK4 5421:PAK3 5416:PAK2 5411:PAK1 5350:IKK2 5345:CHUK 5318:GSK2 5313:GSK1 5199:RGKs 5194:Raps 5179:Arfs 5174:Rhos 5167:NRAS 5162:KRAS 5157:HRAS 5147:Rabs 5142:ARFs 5075:GNG8 5070:GNG7 5065:GNG5 5060:GNG4 5055:GNG3 5050:GNG2 5027:GNB5 5022:GNB4 5017:GNB3 5012:GNB2 5007:GNB1 4958:GNAQ 4953:GNAL 4948:GNAS 4943:GNAZ 4876:cGMP 4852:cGMP 4832:cAMP 4802:cAMP 4745:see 4470:TPK1 4446:CDC7 4404:MLKs 4397:KSR2 4392:KSR1 4387:BRAF 4382:ARAF 4377:RAFs 4112:CDK9 4107:CDK8 4102:CDK7 4097:CDK6 4087:CDK5 4082:CDK4 4077:CDK3 4067:CDK2 4062:CDK1 4043:PLK4 4038:PLK3 4033:PLK2 4028:PLK1 3983:PLK4 3978:PLK3 3973:PLK2 3968:PLK1 3915:PHKB 3871:MYLK 3842:TRIO 3812:SPEG 3807:SNRK 3767:PKD1 3762:PIM2 3757:PIM1 3742:PASK 3712:MELK 3642:CASK 3637:MLCK 3558:GRK6 3553:GRK5 3548:GRK4 3486:PKN3 3481:PKN2 3383:PRKY 3329:TBK1 3324:IKK2 3319:CHUK 3223:STK4 3189:IDH2 3074:PDK4 3069:PDK3 3064:PDK2 3059:PDK1 3038:WEE1 3033:Wee1 3001:mTOR 2989:AKT3 2984:AKT2 2979:AKT1 2969:SGK3 2964:SGK2 2797:see 2775:see 2750:see 2124:COOH 1923:2.7) 1869:PMID 1861:ISSN 1826:PMID 1808:ISSN 1769:PMID 1761:ISSN 1722:PMID 1673:PMID 1665:ISSN 1622:PMID 1604:ISSN 1565:PMID 1516:PMID 1475:PMID 1418:PMID 1369:PMID 1320:PMID 1262:PMID 1227:PMID 1178:PMID 1134:PMID 1091:PMID 1047:PMID 990:PMID 922:PMID 843:). 698:DMPK 612:OMIM 600:HGNC 593:9475 497:OMIM 485:HGNC 478:6093 368:PTEN 224:and 216:and 202:lung 172:and 155:RhoA 120:and 99:ROCK 26:ROCK 5498:BTK 5184:Ran 5152:Ras 4738:MAP 4475:TTK 4439:ZAK 3016:HRI 3011:PKR 2959:SGK 2949:CIT 2540:PAP 2481:III 2415:/Y 2406:TDT 2387:/X 2379:III 2371:Pfu 2346:/B 2336:Taq 2311:/A 2078:PFP 2048:NAD 1853:doi 1816:PMC 1800:doi 1796:354 1753:doi 1749:361 1712:PMC 1704:doi 1657:doi 1612:PMC 1596:doi 1555:PMC 1547:doi 1506:doi 1502:115 1465:PMC 1457:doi 1453:143 1408:doi 1359:doi 1312:doi 1254:doi 1217:PMC 1209:doi 1205:104 1170:doi 1166:285 1126:doi 1081:doi 1077:392 1037:PMC 1029:doi 982:doi 912:PMC 904:doi 799:. 330:MLC 256:Rho 178:MLC 148:kDa 5765:: 5616:: 4820:Gi 4816:Gs 3125:γ 3110:β 3095:α 2883:EC 2877:: 2765:: 2740:: 2725:PO 2486:IV 2476:II 2385:IV 2381:/C 2344:II 2330:T7 2275:PO 2268:: 2228:: 2175:PO 2173:: 2150:: 2122:: 1958:OH 1956:: 1941:PO 1921:EC 1915:: 1867:. 1859:. 1849:59 1847:. 1824:. 1814:. 1806:. 1794:. 1790:. 1767:. 1759:. 1747:. 1743:. 1720:. 1710:. 1700:64 1698:. 1694:. 1671:. 1663:. 1653:18 1651:. 1628:. 1620:. 1610:. 1602:. 1592:24 1590:. 1586:. 1563:. 1553:. 1543:17 1541:. 1537:. 1514:. 1500:. 1496:. 1473:. 1463:. 1451:. 1447:. 1424:. 1416:. 1404:19 1402:. 1398:. 1375:. 1367:. 1353:. 1349:. 1326:. 1318:. 1308:97 1306:. 1268:. 1260:. 1248:. 1225:. 1215:. 1203:. 1199:. 1176:. 1164:. 1140:. 1132:. 1122:29 1120:. 1097:. 1089:. 1075:. 1071:. 1059:^ 1045:. 1035:. 1025:16 1023:. 1019:. 996:. 988:. 976:. 942:^ 928:. 920:. 910:. 900:67 898:. 894:. 878:^ 823:, 278:, 262:. 228:. 212:, 208:, 204:, 113:. 5607:: 5588:: 5469:: 5289:2 5284:1 5272:: 5035:γ 5033:G 5002:β 5000:G 4903:α 4901:G 4854:: 4818:/ 4804:: 4723:e 4716:t 4709:v 4532:- 4515:- 4498:- 3301:- 2881:( 2867:e 2860:t 2853:v 2727:4 2723:( 2640:) 2636:( 2518:2 2513:1 2491:V 2429:κ 2424:ι 2419:η 2413:V 2401:μ 2396:λ 2391:β 2365:ζ 2360:ε 2355:δ 2350:α 2325:ν 2320:θ 2315:γ 2309:I 2281:) 2277:4 2273:( 2244:) 2241:7 2239:O 2237:2 2235:P 2233:( 2177:4 2152:N 2019:2 1999:1 1946:) 1943:4 1939:( 1934:/ 1905:e 1898:t 1891:v 1875:. 1855:: 1832:. 1802:: 1775:. 1755:: 1728:. 1706:: 1679:. 1659:: 1636:. 1598:: 1571:. 1549:: 1522:. 1508:: 1481:. 1459:: 1432:. 1410:: 1383:. 1361:: 1355:7 1334:. 1314:: 1290:. 1276:. 1256:: 1250:7 1233:. 1211:: 1184:. 1172:: 1148:. 1128:: 1105:. 1083:: 1053:. 1031:: 1004:. 984:: 978:4 936:. 906:: 806:) 802:( 389:. 370:( 97:( 20:.

Index

Rho Chi

NCBI gene
579202
EC number
2.7.11.1
kinase
serine-threonine specific protein kinases
cytoskeleton
ROCK1
ROCK2
Xenopus
C. elegans
Drosophila
molecular mass
kDa
GTPase
RhoA
coiled-coil
Pleckstrin homology
stress fibers
focal adhesions
MLC
phosphorylation
actin
myosin II
contractility
ROCK1
lung
liver

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