760:
1110:
lands in
Ceredigion previously held by the Clare family, passed off with an exchange of courteous compliments, followed by some good-natured banter between Rhys and Gerald about their family connections. Rhys gave Gerald and Archbishop Baldwin a great deal of assistance when they visited Wales to raise troops for the crusade in 1188, and Gerald several times refers to his "kindness" and says that Rhys accompanied them all the way from Cardigan to the northern border of Ceredigion "with a liberality peculiarly praiseworthy in so illustrious a prince".
384:
999:, who describes Gruffydd as "a cunning and artful man". William FitzMartin was married to Rhys's daughter Angharad, and, according to Giraldus, Rhys "had solemnly sworn, by the most precious relics, that his indemnity and security should be faithfully maintained". Rhys had also annexed the Norman lordships of Cydweli and Carnwyllion in 1190. In 1192 Rhys secured Maelgwn's release, but by now Maelgwn and Gruffydd were bitter enemies. In 1194 Rhys was defeated in battle by Maelgwn and Hywel, who imprisoned him in
1150:
649:. The murderer had been given the protection of the Clares in Ceredigion. Rhys first appealed to the king to intercede; when this failed, he invaded Ceredigion and recaptured all of it apart from the town and castle of Cardigan. The Welsh revolt led to another invasion of Wales by King Henry in 1165. Henry attacked Gwynedd first, but instead of following the usual invasion route along the north coast he attacked from the south, following a route over the
724:, known as "Strongbow", followed in 1170. According to Warren, "they were prompted to go by a growing suspicion that King Henry did not intend to renew his offensive against the Welsh, but was instead seeking an accommodation with the Welsh leaders". The departure of the Norman lords enabled Rhys to strengthen his position, and the death of Owain Gwynedd in late 1170 left him as the acknowledged leader of the Welsh princes.
462:. Ceredigion was reclaimed from the Normans, but was annexed by Gwynedd as the senior partner in the alliance. Gruffydd ap Rhys continued his campaign against the Normans in 1137, but died later that year. The leadership of the family now passed to Rhys' half-brother Anarawd ap Gruffydd. In 1143, when Rhys was eleven, Anarawd was murdered, a death arranged for by Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd, brother of Owain Gwynedd, king of
1040:
743:
835:
475:
921:. Some Welsh clerics were not happy about this visit, but Rhys was enthusiastic and gave the Archbishop a great deal of assistance. Giraldus says that Rhys decided to go on crusade himself and spent several weeks making preparations, but was eventually persuaded to change his mind by his wife Gwenllian, "by female artifices".
1109:
Giraldus
Cambrensis frequently mentions Rhys in his writings and describes him as "a man of excellent wit and quick in repartee". Gerald tells the story of a banquet at Hereford in 1186 where Rhys sat between two members of the Clare family. What could have been a tense affair, since Rhys had seized
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as Henry waited to cross to
Ireland. Rhys had collected 86 of the 300 horses, but Henry agreed to take only 36 of them and remitted the remainder of the tribute until after his return from Ireland. Rhys's son, Hywel, who had been held as a hostage for many years, was returned to him. Henry and Rhys
308:
in 1158. Henry invaded
Deheubarth in 1163, stripped Rhys of all his lands and took him prisoner. A few weeks later he was released and given back a small part of his holdings. Rhys made an alliance with Owain Gwynedd and, after the failure of another invasion of Wales by Henry in 1165, was able to
627:
castle. The following year Henry II returned to
England after an absence of four years and prepared for another invasion of Deheubarth. Rhys met the king to discuss terms and was obliged to give more hostages, including another son, Maredudd. He was then seized and taken to England as a prisoner.
640:
In 1164 all the Welsh princes united in an uprising. Warren suggests that when Rhys and Owain were obliged to do homage to Henry in 1163 they were forced to accept a status of dependent vassalage instead of their previous client status, and that this led to the revolt. Rhys had other reasons for
774:
In 1171 King Henry II arrived in
England from France, on his way to Ireland. Henry wished to ensure that Richard de Clare, who had married Diarmait's daughter and become heir to Leinster, did not establish an independent Norman kingdom in Ireland. His decision to try a different approach in his
1135:
Rhys's career was indeed a remarkable one. Its very length was a tribute to his stamina and skill: he had occupied the stage of Welsh politics for over fifty years, from his first appearance in his early 'teens, at the capture of
Llansteffan castle in 1146, to his death in 1197. But it was his
1121:
deals with Rhys under a pseudonym. Map was less favourably disposed toward Rhys, describing him as "This king I have seen and know, and hate", but goes on to say "I would not have my hatred blacken his worth; it is not my wish ever to suppress any man's excellence through envy". He tells the
716:, who had been driven out of his kingdom, had asked Rhys to release Robert Fitz-Stephen from captivity to take part in an expedition to Ireland. Rhys did not oblige at the time, but released him the following year and in 1169 Fitz-Stephen led the vanguard of a Norman army which landed in
672:
Torrential rain forced Henry's army to retreat in disorder without fighting a major battle, and Henry vented his spleen on the hostages, having Rhys's son
Maredudd blinded. Rhys's other son, Hywel, was not among the victims. Rhys returned to Deheubarth where he captured and burned
622:
and
Salisbury, marched against him. The earls were assisted by Cadwaladr, brother of Owain Gwynedd, and Owain's sons, Hywel and Cynan. However they were forced to withdraw and a truce was arranged. In 1162, Rhys again attempted to recover some of his lost lands, and captured
587:
The following year, Henry prepared an invasion of
Deheubarth. Rhys made plans to resist, but was persuaded by his council to meet the king to discuss peace terms. The terms were much harsher than those offered to Owain: Rhys was stripped of all his possessions apart from
1140:
Davies also notes two flaws in Rhys's achievement. One was the personal nature of his accord with Henry II, which meant that it did not survive Henry's death. The other was his inability to control his sons or to force them to accept Gruffydd as his successor.
775:
dealings with the Welsh was influenced by the events in Ireland, although Warren suggests that "it seems likely that Henry began rethinking his attitude to the Welsh soon after the débâcle of 1165". Henry now wished to make peace with Rhys, who came to
1126:
This same man gave provisions to his enemies when besieged and driven by risk of famine to capitulate; he wished them to be overcome by his own strength and not by want of bread; and though he deferred victory, he increased the renown of
430:
to the English throne, gave the Welsh the opportunity to rise against the Normans. A revolt spread through south Wales in 1136, and Gruffydd ap Rhys, aided by his two eldest sons, Anarawd and Cadell, defeated the Normans in a battle near
667:
and against him came Owain and Cadwaladr the sons of Gruffydd with all the host of Gwynedd, and Rhys ap Gruffydd with all the host of Deheubarth and Iorwerth the Red son of Maredudd and the sons of Madog ap Maredudd with all the host of
628:
Henry appears to have been uncertain what to do with Rhys, but after a few weeks decided to free him and allow him to rule Cantref Mawr. Rhys was summoned to appear before Henry at Woodstock to do homage together with Owain Gwynedd and
584:, soon turned his attention to Wales. He began with an invasion of Gwynedd in 1157. This invasion was not entirely successful, but Owain Gwynedd was induced to seek terms and to give up some territory in the north-east of Wales.
1007:. In 1195 two other sons, Rhys Gryg and Maredudd, seized Llanymddyfri and Dinefwr, and Rhys responded by imprisoning them. Rhys launched his last campaign against the Normans in 1196. He captured a number of castles, including
60:
801:
The agreement between Henry and Rhys was to last until Henry's death in 1189. When Henry's sons rebelled against him in 1173 Rhys sent his son Hywel Sais to Normandy to aid the king, then in 1174 personally led an army to
779:
to meet him. Rhys was to pay a tribute of 300 horses and 4,000 head of cattle, but was confirmed in possession of all the lands he had taken from Norman lords, including the Clares. They met again in October that year at
818:
in 1175 which was attended by a large gathering of Welsh princes, led by Rhys. It appears to have concluded with the swearing of a mutual assistance pact for the preservation of peace and order in Wales. In 1177 Rhys,
265:, although this title may have not been used in his lifetime. He usually used the title "Proprietary Prince of Deheubarth" or "Prince of South Wales", but two documents have been discovered in which he uses the title "
1136:
achievement which was astounding: he had reconstituted the kingdom of Deheubarth and made it the premier Welsh kingdom. For once, the poet's compliment was well-deserved: Rhys had restored "the majesty of the South".
1065:
and that tempest killed innumerable people and many of the nobility and many princes, and spared none. That year, four days before May Day, died Rhys ap Gruffydd, Prince of Deheubarth and unconquered head of all
304:, eventually was able to become ruler of a small portion, and more territory was won back by Rhys's older brothers after Gruffydd's death. Rhys became ruler of Deheubarth in 1155. He was forced to submit to King
876:. Two chairs were awarded as prizes, one for the best poem and the other for the best musical performance. J. E. Caerwyn Williams suggests that this event may be an adaptation of the similar French
793:
This meant the delegation to him of any authority which the king might have claimed over his fellow Welsh rulers; it might also have involved some authority over the king's Anglo-Norman subjects...
328:, who maintained a feud with each other. Rhys launched his last campaign against the Normans in 1196 and captured a number of castles. The following year he died unexpectedly and was buried in
566:
Shortly after becoming ruler of Deheubarth, Rhys heard rumours that Owain Gwynedd was planning to invade Ceredigion in order to reclaim it for Gwynedd. Rhys responded by building a castle at
502:
who held Ceredigion for Gwynedd, destroyed it in 1146. Rhys appears in the annals for the first time in 1146, fighting alongside his brothers Cadell and Maredudd in the capture by assault of
1003:
castle, though Hywel later released his father without Maelgwn's consent. Giraldus suggests that Rhys's incarceration in Nevern castle was divine vengeance for the dispossession of William
603:
then seizing Ceredigion. King Henry responded by preparing another invasion, and Rhys submitted without resistance. He was obliged to give hostages, probably including his son Hywel.
599:, who reclaimed Cantref Bychan, then invaded Rhys's lands in Cantref Mawr. An appeal to the king produced no response, and Rhys resorted to arms, first capturing Clifford's castle at
443:, Gruffydd set off to Gwynedd to enlist the help of his father-in-law, Gruffudd ap Cynan. In the absence of her husband, Gwenllian led an army against the Norman lordship of Cydweli (
1239:, Wales in 1485 to make a bid for the throne, his descent from Rhys was one of the factors which enabled him to attract Welsh support (Henry flew a (Welsh) dragon banner at the
403:. He later returned to Deheubarth and ruled a portion of the kingdom, but was forced to flee to Ireland again in 1127. When Rhys was born in 1132, his father held only the
320:
and attacked the Norman lordships surrounding his territory, capturing a number of castles. In his later years Rhys had trouble keeping control of his sons, particularly
606:
The king was absent in France in 1159, and Rhys took the opportunity to attack Dyfed and then to lay siege to Carmarthen, which was saved by a relief force led by
607:
545:
that year. Maredudd died in 1155 at the age of twenty-five and left Rhys as ruler of Deheubarth. Around this time he married Gwenllian ferch Madog, daughter of
580:
which had helped Anarawd, Cadell and Maredudd to extend their rule in Deheubarth. With disunity within the realm no longer a problem, the new king of England,
917:, who was related to Rhys, gives an account of his meetings with Rhys in 1188 when Giraldus accompanied Archbishop Baldwin around Wales to raise men for the
1085:
Rhys had nominated his eldest legitimate son, Gruffydd ap Rhys, as his successor, and soon after his father's death Gruffydd met the Justiciar, Archbishop
979:. In 1189 Gruffydd persuaded Rhys to imprison Maelgwn, and he was given into Gruffydd's keeping at Dinefwr. Gruffydd handed him over to his father-in-law,
611:
831:
swore fealty and liege homage to Henry at a council held at Oxford. At this council the king gave Meirionnydd, part of the kingdom of Gwynedd, to Rhys.
789:
as Henry returned from Ireland in 1172, and shortly afterwards Henry appointed Rhys "justice on his behalf in all Deheubarth". According to A. D. Carr:
533:
from Ceredigion by 1153. The same year Rhys is recorded as an independent commander for the first time, leading an army to capture the Norman castle of
936:. Rhys considered that he was no longer bound by the agreement with King Henry and attacked the Norman lordships surrounding his territory. He ravaged
814:. When Rhys returned to Wales after the fall of Tutbury, he left a thousand men with the king for service in Normandy. King Henry held a council at
2393:
751:
was the chief seat of the Dinefwr dynasty; the earliest surviving part of the present castle may have been built by Rhys or by his son, Rhys Gryg.
570:
in 1156. The threatened invasion did not take place, and Turvey claims that Owain's intention may have been to test the resolve of the new ruler.
1089:, on the border and was confirmed as heir. Maelgwn, the eldest son but illegitimate, refused to accept this and was given military assistance by
641:
rebellion, for he had returned to Deheubarth from England to find that the neighbouring Norman lords were threatening Cantref Mawr. His nephew,
2418:
1169:
980:
721:
619:
491:
364:, and there were older brothers, Morgan and Maelgwn, who were killed in battle with their mother in 1136. He also had two older half-brothers,
1097:
and captured Gruffydd, whom he handed over to the custody of Gwenwynwyn. Gwenwynwyn later handed him over to the king, who imprisoned him at
1078:, over the theft of some of the bishop's horses some years previously. Before he could be buried in the cathedral, the bishop had his corpse
811:
518:, and left for dead. He survived, but suffered injuries which left him unable to play an active role, and in 1153 he left on a pilgrimage to
2413:
646:
615:
968:
to meet Richard. Rhys arrived at Oxford to discover that Richard was not prepared to travel there to meet him, and hostilities continued.
1031:, with forty knights among the dead. This was Rhys' last battle. William de Braose offered terms, and Painscastle was returned to him.
1161:
Rhys had at least nine sons and eight daughters. Three of the sons were named Maredudd and two of the daughters were named Gwenllian.
2341:
2312:
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2245:
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2197:
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2157:
2139:
2124:
2102:
2069:
2028:
Rees, D. pp. 38–39. Sir Rhys ap Thomas of Dinefwr, who was Henry's most prominent supporter in Wales, was also a descendant of Rhys.
447:), taking along her two oldest sons, Morgan and Maelgwn. She was defeated and killed by an army commanded by Maurice de Londres of
1751:
1168:(died 1201) was the eldest legitimate son and was nominated by Rhys as his successor. He married Maud de Braose, the daughter of
2403:
316:. He maintained good relations with King Henry until the latter's death in 1189. Following Henry's death Rhys revolted against
1043:
Rhys was buried in St Davids Cathedral, where an effigy said to be of him, but carved over 100 years later, can still be seen.
2327:
663:... gathered an innumerable host of the selected warriors of England and Normandy and Flanders and Gascony and Anjou...
596:
494:, Earl of Pembroke, rebuilt Carmarthen Castle in 1145, then began a campaign to reclaim Ceredigion. He built a castle in the
436:
759:
312:
In 1171 Rhys made peace with King Henry and was confirmed in possession of his recent conquests as well as being named
2366:
478:
Rhys gained his first recorded military experience at the age of fourteen when he participated in the storming of
387:
Deheubarth was one of the traditional kingdoms of Wales, shown here as they were in 1093 when Rhys ap Tewdwr died.
2398:
1024:
905:, only the second nunnery to be founded in Wales and the first to prosper. He became the patron of the abbeys of
383:
1240:
853:
573:
349:
313:
231:
34:
653:. He was met by the united forces of the Welsh princes, led by Owain Gwynedd and including Rhys. According to
293:
454:
Gruffydd formed an alliance with Gwynedd, and later in 1136 the sons of Gruffudd ap Cynan, Owain Gwynedd and
1205:
937:
820:
781:
373:
2408:
1745:
984:
629:
530:
499:
2383:
957:
713:
455:
592:, though he was promised one other cantref. The other territories were returned to their Norman lords.
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2056:
1232:
1154:
933:
910:
849:
845:
765:
514:
in 1151. In 1151 Cadell was attacked while out hunting by a group of Norman and Flemish knights from
361:
317:
91:
73:
30:
2060:
1165:
1090:
1071:
1048:
996:
976:
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914:
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Rhys was more than a native Welsh ruler; he was one of the great feudatories of the Angevin empire.
678:
581:
459:
365:
329:
325:
305:
186:
146:
101:
65:
458:, led an army to Ceredigion. Their combined forces won a decisive victory over the Normans at the
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953:
902:
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824:
525:
Maredudd became ruler of Deheubarth and continued a campaign, begun in 1150, aimed at recovering
503:
487:
479:
463:
448:
415:
399:, and most of his kingdom was taken over by Norman lords. Gruffydd ap Rhys was forced to flee to
369:
357:
278:
1149:
960:), came to Wales in September and tried to make peace. He persuaded Rhys to raise the siege of
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377:
353:
170:
1228:
949:
689:
550:
423:
341:
301:
221:
211:
41:
1224:
1179:
1113:
Another contemporary writer also wrote of Rhys if Roger Turvey is correct in stating that
972:
848:
castle, which was the earliest recorded native-built stone castle in Wales. He also built
693:
685:
674:
610:. Rhys retreated to Cantref Mawr, where an army led by five earls, the Earls of Cornwall,
577:
567:
321:
266:
246:(often anglicised to "Griffith"; c. 1132 – 28 April 1197) was the ruler of the kingdom of
191:
395:, had been king of all Deheubarth until his death in 1093. Rhys ap Tewdwr was killed in
1315:
Cadw, Welsh Government (Crown Copyright), 2013. Heroes and Heroines of Wales: Gwenllian
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near Llandeilo, a castle set in a spectacular position on a mountain top. He held a
2080:
1254:
1098:
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838:
650:
589:
538:
427:
408:
123:
2296:
2229:
29:
For Welsh noblemen of this name in the 14th and 16th centuries, respectively, see
2145:
1094:
1039:
1028:
645:, who was the captain of his bodyguard, had been murdered at the instigation of
419:
396:
17:
2367:
Places and artifacts associated with Rhys ap Gruffudd from Gathering the Jewels
2286:
2219:
1247:
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1004:
992:
983:. Gruffydd is also said to have persuaded his father to annex the lordship of
971:
In his later years Rhys had trouble keeping control of his sons, particularly
961:
857:
815:
624:
600:
526:
507:
345:
247:
127:
269:" or "Prince of the Welsh". Rhys was one of the most successful and powerful
1302:
while in another charter dated 1184 concerning Strata Florida Abbey he used
1185:
887:
883:
834:
786:
742:
534:
196:
2361:
1153:
Several of Rhys's children, including Gruffydd and Maelgwn, were buried at
1219:
under Llywelyn the Great, and through her, Rhys became an ancestor of the
1894:"erat optimi vir ingenii et praecipue promptulus in responsionibus bonis"
1061:... there was a great pestilence throughout the island of Britain...
865:
709:
542:
444:
890:
at Whitland, were first assembled in book form under the aegis of Rhys.
854:
festival of poetry and song at his court at Cardigan over Christmas 1176
474:
466:. Owain punished Cadwaladr by depriving him of his lands in Ceredigion.
1079:
869:
861:
860:. The festival was announced a year in advance throughout Wales and in
803:
701:
576:
had died in October 1154, bringing to an end the long dispute with the
511:
495:
432:
404:
400:
297:
206:
1258:
1000:
988:
965:
873:
697:
529:, which had been held by Gwynedd since 1136. Maredudd and Rhys drove
289:
2183:
A history of Wales from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest
700:, destroying its castle. Rhys benefited from the Norman invasion of
681:, as a prisoner. Shortly afterwards Rhys captured Cilgerran castle.
692:, and spent three weeks helping Owain besiege the Norman castle of
59:
1148:
1038:
833:
515:
473:
382:
270:
251:
154:
519:
296:. Following his death, most of Deheubarth was taken over by the
2362:
The last campaign of Rhys ap Gruffydd, from www.castlewales.com
2165:
God bless the Prince of Wales: four essays for investiture year
1231:
and also an ancestor of several ruling houses in Europe. When
2167:
Carmarthenshire Community Council (Local History Committee).
677:. He allowed the garrison to depart, but held the castellan,
2064:. Edited and translated by R. C. Hoare. Everyman's Library.
1047:
Rhys died on 28 April 1197, unexpectedly, and was buried in
1201:
Another Maredudd (died 1227) became Archdeacon of Cardigan.
810:
to assist at the siege of the stronghold of the rebel Earl
1298:
In a charter concerning a grant to Chertsey Abbey he used
893:
Rhys founded two religious houses during this period.
506:. This was followed by the capture of Wiston in 1147,
2293:. Oxford University Press. Accessed 22 January 2013.
1182:(died 1231), who was the eldest son but illegitimate.
595:
Among the Normans who returned to their holdings was
844:
Rhys built a number of stone castles, starting with
823:, who had emerged as the main power in Gwynedd, and
2238:
The son of prophecy: Henry Tudor's road to Bosworth
1070:Rhys died excommunicate, having quarreled with the
856:. This is generally regarded as the first recorded
227:
217:
205:
169:
161:
141:
133:
111:
107:
97:
87:
79:
72:
52:
1204:Rhys's daughter Nest or Annest ferch Rhys married
1131:Davies provides the following assessment of Rhys:
537:. Maredudd and Rhys also destroyed the castles at
254:from 1155 to 1197. Today, he is commonly known as
2150:Conquest, coexistence and change: Wales 1063–1415
2083:). 8 vols. Longman, Green, Longman & Roberts.
372:, from his father's first marriage. Rhys married
684:In 1167 he joined Owain Gwynedd in an attack on
2190:The Welsh kings: warriors, warlords and princes
2006:
2004:
1306:. See Pryce (2005) pp. 96–97, 168–169, 171–174.
1133:
1124:
1059:
791:
704:in 1169 and 1170, which was largely led by the
661:
451:. Morgan was also killed and Maelgwn captured.
1896:Giraldus Cambrensis "De rebus a se gestis" in
1093:of Powys. Maelgwn took the town and castle of
2205:The Welsh wars of independence: c. 410-c.1415
1223:. Through the Tudors inter-marrying with the
8:
2347:Williams, J. E. C. 1976. "Aberteifi, 1176".
2152:Clarendon Press, University of Wales Press.
1253:Other daughters married the Welsh rulers of
288:, was king of Deheubarth, and was killed at
2132:The monastic order in South Wales 1066–1349
1276:
1274:
948:, and captured the castles of St. Clear's,
435:, killing over five hundred. After driving
64:14th-century effigy of Rhys ap Gruffydd at
1211:Gwenllian (circa 1178 – 1236) who married
708:lords of south Wales. In 1167 the King of
58:
49:
995:, in 1191. This action was criticised by
956:. Richard's brother, Prince John (later
882:. R.R. Davies suggests that the texts of
1208:, prince of the western part of Gwynedd.
1122:following story about Apollonides/Rhys:
2291:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2224:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1270:
1188:(died 1233) married a daughter of the
913:and made large grants to both houses.
722:Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
281:in 1170, the dominant power in Wales.
2285:Tout, T. F., revised Pryce, H. 2004.
2274:, vol. 2. National Library of Wales.
2257:A guide to ancient and historic Wales
1941:
1939:
901:abbey in Wales, while Llanllyr was a
696:. In 1168 he attacked the Normans at
7:
1246:Angharad ferch Rhys married William
2305:The Lord Rhys: Prince of Deheubarth
1227:Rhys is an ancestor to the current
1105:Character and historical assessment
720:. The leader of the Norman forces,
490:, took over as head of the family.
2095:The Acts of Welsh rulers 1120–1283
2088:Brut y Tywysogion: Peniarth MS. 20
1229:ruling house of the United Kingdom
932:died in 1189 and was succeeded by
498:of Mabudryd, but Cadell, aided by
25:
2272:The Development of Welsh Heraldry
733:Peace with King Henry (1171–1188)
422:arising from the rival claims of
273:princes, and, after the death of
2220:"Rhys ap Gruffudd (1131/2–1197)"
1752:Dictionary of National Biography
758:
741:
647:Roger de Clare, Earl of Hertford
380:, the last Prince of all Powys.
1755:. Vol. 48. pp. 89–90.
2394:Burials at St Davids Cathedral
2322:. Cambridge University Press.
2075:Giraldus Cambrensis. 1861–91.
1023:, and defeated an army led by
1:
2419:Welsh people of Irish descent
2097:. University of Wales Press.
562:Loss of territory (1155–1163)
360:. His next older brother was
176:
115:
2297:UK public library membership
2287:"Gruffudd ap Rhys (d. 1137)"
2230:UK public library membership
2226:. Accessed 22 January 2013.
2090:. University of Wales Press.
1600:Maund p. 173, Warren p. 114.
1198:Maredudd ap Rhys (died 1239)
886:, traditionally codified by
309:win back most of his lands.
2414:12th-century Welsh monarchs
2185:. Longmans, Green & Co.
2134:University of Wales Press.
2057:The Itinerary through Wales
2054:Giraldus Cambrensis. 1908.
925:Final campaigns (1189–1196)
340:Rhys was the fourth son of
44:means Rhys son of Gruffydd.
2435:
1035:Death and aftermath (1197)
636:Welsh uprising (1164–1170)
39:
28:
2077:Giraldi Cambrensis: opera
1195:Hywel ap Rhys (died 1231)
608:Earl Reginald of Cornwall
470:First battles (1146–1155)
137:28 April 1197 (age c. 65)
57:
1962:quoted in Turvey p. 113.
1949:quoted in Turvey p. 113.
1746:"Rhys ap Gruffydd"
1241:battle of Bosworth Field
1119:Of the King Appollonides
987:and its chief castle of
350:Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd
336:Genealogy and early life
314:Justiciar of South Wales
232:Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd
35:Rhys ap Gruffydd (rebel)
1082:in posthumous penance.
2404:Monarchs of Deheubarth
1158:
1138:
1129:
1068:
1044:
841:
799:
670:
630:Malcolm IV of Scotland
531:Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd
500:Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd
483:
388:
2270:Siddons, M. P. 1993.
2240:. Black Raven Press.
2093:Pryce, H., ed. 2005.
2086:Jones, T., ed. 1941.
1152:
1042:
1027:and Hugh de Say near
964:and accompany him to
837:
714:Diarmait Mac Murchada
477:
456:Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd
386:
374:Gwenllian ferch Madog
294:Bernard de Neufmarché
165:Gwenllian ferch Madog
2130:Cowley, F. G. 1977.
2061:Description of Wales
1920:Giraldus Cambrensis
1796:Giraldus Cambrensis
1774:Giraldus Cambrensis
1726:Giraldus Cambrensis
1155:Strata Florida Abbey
1051:. The chronicler of
850:Carreg Cennen castle
766:Carreg Cennen Castle
362:Maredudd ap Gruffydd
284:Rhys's grandfather,
92:Maredudd ap Gruffydd
74:Prince of Deheubarth
47:Prince of Deheubarth
31:Sir Rhys ap Gruffydd
2351:32, pp. 30–35.
2332:Warren, W. L. 1973
2079:ed. J. S. Brewer. (
1690:Williams pp. 30–35.
1504:Warren pp. 162–163.
1166:Gruffydd ap Rhys II
1091:Gwenwynwyn ab Owain
1072:Bishop of St Davids
1049:St Davids Cathedral
997:Giraldus Cambrensis
915:Giraldus Cambrensis
679:Robert Fitz-Stephen
486:Anarawd's brother,
460:Battle of Crug Mawr
420:the ensuing Anarchy
344:, ruler of part of
330:St Davids Cathedral
306:Henry II of England
187:Gruffydd ap Rhys II
147:St Davids Cathedral
102:Gruffydd ap Rhys II
66:St Davids Cathedral
2115:Carr, A. D. 1995.
1960:De Nugis Curialium
1947:De Nugis Curialium
1884:Lloyd pp. 584–585.
1741:Lloyd, John Edward
1591:Rees pp. 127, 167.
1486:Lloyd pp. 510–511.
1456:Lloyd pp. 496–500.
1408:Lloyd pp. 502–503.
1351:Lloyd pp. 400–402.
1159:
1057:records for 1197:
1045:
991:, held by William
903:Cistercian nunnery
842:
829:Rhwng Gwy a Hafren
825:Cadwallon ap Madog
812:William de Ferrers
597:Walter de Clifford
504:Llansteffan Castle
488:Cadell ap Gruffydd
484:
480:Llansteffan Castle
449:Oystermouth Castle
437:Walter de Clifford
416:Henry I of England
414:The death of King
389:
2318:Walker, D. 1990,
2303:Turvey, R. 1997,
2295:(subscription or
2228:(subscription or
2110:Secondary sources
1864:Brut y Tywysogion
1852:Brut y Tywysogion
1822:Brut y Tywysogion
1810:Brut y Tywysogion
1717:Cowley pp. 25–26.
1708:Turvey pp. 85–86.
1555:Turvey pp. 48–49.
1544:Brut y Tywysogion
1532:Brut y Tywysogion
1522:Turvey pp. 46–47.
1477:Turvey pp. 41–42.
1466:Brut y Tywysogion
1436:Brut y Tywysogion
1426:Turvey pp. 80–81.
1397:Brut y Tywysogion
1360:Turvey pp. 28–29.
1289:Turvey pp. 91–92.
1250:, lord of Cemais.
1170:William de Braose
1054:Brut y Tywysogion
1025:Roger de Mortimer
981:William de Braose
899:Premonstratensian
785:met once more at
656:Brut y Tywysogion
643:Einion ab Anarawd
547:Madog ap Maredudd
391:His grandfather,
378:Madog ap Maredudd
354:Gruffudd ap Cynan
300:. Rhys's father,
237:
236:
16:(Redirected from
2426:
2399:House of Dinefwr
2336:. Eyre Methuen.
2300:
2233:
2218:Pryce, H. 2004.
2203:Moore, D. 2005.
2188:Maund, K. 2006.
2163:Jones, F. 1969.
2038:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2008:
1999:
1996:
1990:
1989:Davies p. 223–7.
1987:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1963:
1956:
1950:
1943:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1918:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1861:
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1766:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1748:
1737:
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1715:
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1679:
1673:
1670:
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1655:
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1643:
1637:
1634:
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1358:
1352:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1304:Walliar princeps
1296:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1064:
796:
762:
745:
666:
492:Gilbert de Clare
342:Gruffydd ap Rhys
302:Gruffydd ap Rhys
263:Yr Arglwydd Rhys
240:Rhys ap Gruffydd
222:Gruffydd ap Rhys
180:
120:
117:
62:
53:Rhys ap Gruffydd
50:
21:
18:Rhys ap Gruffudd
2434:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2374:
2373:
2358:
2294:
2259:series). HMSO.
2251:Rees, S. 1992.
2236:Rees, D. 1985.
2227:
2112:
2051:
2049:Primary sources
2046:
2041:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1957:
1953:
1944:
1937:
1932:
1928:
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1319:
1314:
1310:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1272:
1268:
1225:House of Stuart
1215:, seneschal of
1206:Rhodri ab Owain
1180:Maelgwn ap Rhys
1147:
1107:
1062:
1037:
927:
821:Dafydd ab Owain
794:
772:
771:
770:
769:
768:
763:
754:
753:
752:
746:
735:
730:
686:Owain Cyfeiliog
675:Cardigan Castle
664:
638:
578:Empress Matilda
564:
559:
472:
358:king of Gwynedd
338:
267:Prince of Wales
201:
192:Maelgwn ap Rhys
177:among others...
174:
173:
157:
121:
118:
68:
48:
45:
38:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2432:
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2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
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2376:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2357:
2356:External links
2354:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2330:
2320:Medieval Wales
2316:
2301:
2283:
2268:
2249:
2234:
2216:
2201:
2186:
2176:
2161:
2143:
2128:
2117:Medieval Wales
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2091:
2084:
2073:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1980:Davies p. 223.
1973:
1971:Davies p. 223.
1964:
1951:
1935:
1926:
1913:
1902:
1886:
1877:
1875:Turvey p. 110.
1868:
1856:
1844:
1835:
1826:
1814:
1802:
1789:
1787:Turvey p. 105.
1780:
1767:
1765:Turvey p. 101.
1758:
1732:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1699:Davies p. 221.
1692:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1663:Warren p. 168.
1656:
1654:Warren p. 167.
1647:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1609:Warren p. 165.
1602:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1573:Warren p. 114.
1566:
1557:
1548:
1536:
1524:
1515:
1513:Warren p. 163.
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
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1428:
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1410:
1401:
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1251:
1244:
1213:Ednyfed Fychan
1209:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1183:
1177:
1174:Maud de Braose
1146:
1143:
1106:
1103:
1036:
1033:
926:
923:
911:Strata Florida
897:was the first
764:
757:
756:
755:
749:Dinefwr Castle
747:
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738:
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736:
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637:
634:
563:
560:
558:
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471:
468:
441:Cantref Bychan
393:Rhys ap Tewdwr
376:, daughter of
352:, daughter of
348:, by his wife
337:
334:
286:Rhys ap Tewdwr
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2409:Welsh princes
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2342:0-413-25580-8
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2317:
2314:
2313:1-85902-430-0
2310:
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2298:
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2284:
2281:
2280:0-907158-51-X
2277:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2265:0-11-701220-3
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2246:0-85159-005-5
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2213:0-7524-3321-0
2210:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2198:0-7524-2973-6
2195:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2180:
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2174:
2173:0-9500534-0-6
2170:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:0-19-821732-3
2155:
2151:
2147:
2146:Davies, R. R.
2144:
2141:
2140:0-7083-0942-9
2137:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2125:0-333-54773-X
2122:
2119:. Macmillan.
2118:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2103:0-7083-1897-5
2100:
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2071:
2070:0-460-00272-4
2067:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2037:Turvey p. 80.
2034:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2010:Turvey p. 79.
2007:
2005:
2001:
1998:Moore p. 102.
1995:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1933:Turvey p. 24.
1930:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1845:
1842:Pryce (2004).
1839:
1836:
1833:Lloyd p. 581.
1830:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1784:
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1753:
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1729:
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1720:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1681:Lloyd p. 548.
1678:
1675:
1672:Turvey p. 76.
1669:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1645:Turvey p. 60.
1642:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1618:Turvey p. 58.
1615:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1582:Lloyd p. 536.
1579:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1564:Moore p. 103.
1561:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1495:Turvey p. 44.
1492:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1447:Turvey p. 39.
1444:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1417:Turvey p. 36.
1414:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1387:Lloyd p. 489.
1384:
1381:
1378:Lloyd p. 470.
1375:
1372:
1369:Turvey p. 31.
1366:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1333:Pryce (2004).
1330:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:princeps Wall
1295:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1280:Turvey p. 111
1277:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1237:Pembrokeshire
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1221:Tudor dynasty
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1190:Earl of Clare
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1087:Hubert Walter
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1077:
1076:Peter de Leia
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919:Third Crusade
916:
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891:
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875:
872:and possibly
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706:Cambro-Norman
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275:Owain Gwynedd
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268:
264:
261:
257:
256:The Lord Rhys
253:
249:
245:
241:
233:
230:
226:
223:
220:
216:
213:
210:
208:
204:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
182:
179:
178:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:Pembrokeshire
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:
125:
114:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
71:
67:
61:
56:
51:
43:
36:
32:
27:
19:
2384:1130s births
2371:
2348:
2333:
2319:
2304:
2290:
2271:
2256:
2252:
2237:
2223:
2204:
2189:
2182:
2179:Lloyd, J. E.
2164:
2149:
2131:
2116:
2094:
2087:
2081:Rolls Series
2076:
2055:
2033:
2024:
2019:Jones p. 38.
2015:
1994:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1959:
1954:
1946:
1929:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1824:pp. 136–137.
1821:
1817:
1812:pp. 135–136.
1809:
1805:
1800:pp. 103–104.
1797:
1792:
1783:
1775:
1770:
1761:
1750:
1735:
1727:
1722:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1677:
1668:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1551:
1546:pp. 100–101.
1543:
1539:
1534:pp. 100–101.
1531:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1465:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1438:pp. 101–102.
1435:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1342:Walker, p. 3
1338:
1329:
1320:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1285:
1255:Gwrtheyrnion
1160:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1099:Corfe Castle
1084:
1069:
1060:
1052:
1046:
970:
928:
895:Talley Abbey
892:
877:
843:
839:Talley Abbey
800:
792:
773:
688:of southern
683:
671:
662:
654:
651:Berwyn hills
639:
605:
594:
590:Cantref Mawr
586:
574:King Stephen
572:
565:
549:, prince of
524:
510:in 1150 and
485:
453:
413:
409:Cantref Mawr
390:
339:
311:
283:
262:
255:
243:
239:
238:
175:
124:Cantref Mawr
26:
2389:1197 deaths
1636:Carr p. 45.
1627:Carr p. 45.
1233:Henry Tudor
1095:Aberystwyth
1021:Painscastle
954:Llansteffan
728:Later reign
557:Early reign
407:of Caeo in
397:Brycheiniog
292:in 1093 by
244:ap Gruffudd
119: 1132
88:Predecessor
2378:Categories
2328:0521311535
2207:. Tempus.
2192:. Tempus.
2044:References
1730:pp. 12–13.
1248:FitzMartin
1235:landed in
1115:Walter Map
1009:Carmarthen
1005:FitzMartin
993:FitzMartin
962:Carmarthen
858:Eisteddfod
816:Gloucester
625:Llandovery
612:Gloucester
601:Llandovery
527:Ceredigion
508:Carmarthen
346:Deheubarth
248:Deheubarth
128:Deheubarth
42:Welsh name
2307:. Gomer.
2299:required)
2232:required)
1922:Itinerary
1798:Itinerary
1776:Itinerary
1728:Itinerary
1186:Rhys Gryg
1117:'s piece
958:King John
950:Laugharne
934:Richard I
888:Hywel Dda
884:Welsh law
787:Laugharne
535:St Clears
318:Richard I
250:in south
197:Rhys Gryg
98:Successor
83:1155–1197
2349:Taliesin
2334:Henry II
1900:I p. 58.
1743:(1896).
1145:Children
1080:scourged
977:Gruffydd
938:Pembroke
930:Henry II
907:Whitland
866:Scotland
846:Cardigan
782:Pembroke
710:Leinster
694:Rhuddlan
620:Pembroke
616:Hertford
582:Henry II
568:Aberdyfi
543:Aberafan
482:in 1146.
445:Kidwelly
326:Gruffydd
1924:p. 113.
1866:p. 138.
1854:p. 138.
1778:p. 103.
1468:p. 104.
1217:Gwynedd
973:Maelgwn
870:Ireland
862:England
804:Tutbury
777:Newnham
718:Wexford
702:Ireland
512:Loughor
496:commote
464:Gwynedd
439:out of
433:Loughor
428:Matilda
424:Stephen
405:commote
401:Ireland
366:Anarawd
322:Maelgwn
298:Normans
279:Gwynedd
212:Dinefwr
2340:
2326:
2311:
2278:
2263:
2244:
2211:
2196:
2181:1911.
2171:
2156:
2148:1987.
2138:
2123:
2101:
2068:
1399:p. 92.
1259:Elfael
1066:Wales.
1063:
1029:Radnor
1017:Radnor
1013:Colwyn
1001:Nevern
989:Nevern
985:Cemais
966:Oxford
874:France
795:
698:Builth
668:Powys.
665:
418:, and
370:Cadell
290:Brecon
228:Mother
218:Father
162:Spouse
142:Burial
122:Caeo,
2253:Dyfed
1910:Ibid.
1898:Opera
1324:Tout.
1266:Notes
946:Gower
827:from
690:Powys
551:Powys
539:Tenby
516:Tenby
271:Welsh
260:Welsh
258:, in
252:Wales
207:House
171:Issue
155:Wales
80:Reign
40:This
2338:ISBN
2324:ISBN
2309:ISBN
2276:ISBN
2261:ISBN
2242:ISBN
2209:ISBN
2194:ISBN
2169:ISBN
2154:ISBN
2136:ISBN
2121:ISBN
2099:ISBN
2066:ISBN
1958:Map
1945:Map
1257:and
1172:and
1019:and
975:and
952:and
944:and
909:and
879:puys
541:and
520:Rome
426:and
368:and
324:and
134:Died
112:Born
33:and
1127:it.
806:in
277:of
242:or
2380::
2289:,
2222:,
2059:;
2003:^
1938:^
1749:.
1273:^
1243:).
1101:.
1074:,
1015:,
1011:,
940:,
868:,
864:,
712:,
659::
632:.
618:,
614:,
553:.
522:.
411:.
356:,
332:.
153:,
149:,
126:,
116:c.
2344:.
2315:.
2282:.
2267:.
2255:(
2248:.
2215:.
2200:.
2175:.
2160:.
2142:.
2127:.
2105:.
2072:.
1261:.
1192:.
1176:.
1157:.
37:.
20:)
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