319:. Rice in Cuba is mostly grown along the western coast. There are two crops per year. Most rice farms are state-owned or co-operatives. Production is limited by the shortage of water and, similar to other industries in Cuba, lack of fertilizer and modern agricultural technology. The yield per hectare remains lower than the average of Central American and Caribbean countries. Therefore, Cuba has been a major importer of rice. Recently, imports approached 500,000 tonnes of milled rice per year.
28:
334:
223:
469:
36:
2116:
2126:
234:. Cassava is native to the Latin American and Caribbean region and is grown in almost every country of the region. Cuba is the second largest producer of cassava in the Caribbean with a production of 300,000 t (2001). However, the yield per hectare is the lowest of all Caribbean countries. Most of Cuba's production is used directly for fresh consumption. Part of the cassava is processed to
483:
2136:
362:
341:
Cuba was once the world's largest sugarcane exporter. Until the 1960s, the US received 33% of its sugarcane imports from Cuba. During the cold war, Cuba's sugar exports were bought with subsidies from the Soviet Union. After the collapse of this trade arrangement, coinciding with a collapse in sugar
144:
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Cuban agricultural sector faced a very difficult period. The sugar industry was one of the more highly mechanized sectors of the Cuban economy, and its machinery came from the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and East
Germany. After the disintegration
346:
has fallen from approximately 8 million metric tons to 3.2 million metric tons in the 2015 period. A rise in sugar prices beginning in 2008, stimulated new interest in sugar. Production in 2012–2013 was estimated at 1.6–1.8 million tonnes. 400,000 tonnes is exported to China and 550,000–700,000 for
152:
Cuba had to rely on sustainable farming methods. Agricultural production fell by 54% between 1989 and 1994. The government aimed to strengthen agricultural biodiversity by making a greater range of varieties of seed available to farmers. In the 1990s, the government prioritized food production and
114:. Naval and agricultural enterprises both needed wood and in 1815 the Spanish Crown gave sugar planters the right to clear land at will. Large amounts of forests were cleared to provide land for growing sugarcane and top use wood for energy in mills.
373:
of all countries worldwide. Tobacco production in Cuba has remained about the same since the late 1990s. Cigars are a famous Cuban product worldwide and almost the whole production is exported. The center of Cuban tobacco production is the
1513:
751:
121:, the agricultural sector in Cuba was largely oriented towards and dominated by the US economy. After the Revolution, the revolutionary government nationalised farmland, and the
254:, 36% grapefruit. Citrus production and processing was the first foreign investment in Cuba's agricultural sector, in 1991, the participation of an enterprise from Israel, the
1296:
378:. Tobacco is the third largest source of hard currency for Cuba. The income derived from the cigars is estimated at US$ 200 million. The two main varieties grown in Cuba are
202:
developed. In 2002, 35,000 acres (140 km) of urban gardens produced 3.4 million metric tons of food. Current estimates are as high as 81,000 acres (330 km). In
2067:
2172:
1580:
1050:
704:
624:
153:
put focus on small farmers. From 1994, it allowed farmers to sell their surplus product directly to the population. This was the first move to lift the state's
291:. Potato production areas (in total 37,000 acres or 150 square kilometres) are concentrated in the western part of Cuba. The main variety grown in Cuba is the
206:, 90% of the city's fresh produce come from local urban farms and gardens. In 2003, more than 200,000 Cubans worked in the expanding urban agriculture sector.
1623:
935:
417:
account for 47% and 24% of the local production respectively. Both are only produced for domestic consumption. Other tropical fruits produced in Cuba are
834:
735:
641:
861:
1633:
787:
1508:
146:
2233:
1668:
1136:
1103:
1032:
958:
803:
562:
391:
688:
2283:
1416:
1628:
748:
609:
1607:
1547:
978:
2193:
1256:
1177:
399:
209:
The emphasis on urban agriculture, particularly since 2021, has resulted in increased knowledge-sharing networks among small farmers.
43:
2418:
2388:
2293:
2165:
1503:
1220:
85:
670:
524:
2413:
2303:
1565:
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2079:
2021:
897:
879:
769:
474:
94:
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998:
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on food distribution. Due to the shortage in artificial fertilizers and pesticides, Cuba's agricultural sector largely turned
2139:
1705:
1530:
1149:
554:
260:
area, approximately 140 km (90 mi) east of Havana. The products are mainly marketed in Europe under the brand name
656:
580:
57:(GDP), but it employs about 20% of the working population. About 30% of the country's land is used for crop cultivation.
2439:
2298:
2158:
1908:
1893:
1795:
1353:
1276:
496:
342:
prices, two thirds of sugar mills in Cuba closed. 100,000 workers lost their jobs. However, the sugar production in the
2348:
457:
Cuba's exports totaled $ 2.63 billion in 2017. Main exports include cigars, raw sugar, nickel products, rum and zinc.
2091:
2031:
2026:
2011:
1824:
1456:
1401:
1047:
2383:
711:
2403:
2378:
2238:
2198:
1986:
1846:
1710:
1585:
2398:
53:
has played an important part in the economy for several hundred years. Today, it contributes less than 10% to the
2408:
2373:
2368:
2218:
1812:
1486:
1471:
1341:
1197:
1172:
1129:
375:
316:
295:. Seed potatoes are partly produced locally. Some 40,000 metric tons of seed potatoes are imported annually from
273:
2288:
1210:
1088:
2363:
2358:
2273:
2248:
2052:
1575:
1570:
1235:
931:
2323:
2228:
2353:
2338:
2258:
2243:
2203:
1961:
1873:
1461:
1406:
1396:
1333:
1225:
858:
638:
90:
2333:
2328:
2263:
2074:
2062:
1698:
1542:
1537:
1411:
1386:
1381:
1345:
1337:
501:
54:
784:
2278:
2268:
2213:
2208:
2086:
2057:
2036:
1863:
1725:
2253:
1939:
1765:
1685:
1680:
1476:
1446:
1349:
1271:
1266:
1122:
292:
1868:
1590:
1491:
1261:
1230:
551:
The Low-Carbon
Contradiction: Energy Transition, Geopolitics, and the Infrastructural State in Cuba
328:
955:
810:
1966:
1851:
1841:
1807:
1520:
1481:
1451:
1322:
685:
410:
333:
27:
1883:
1878:
1790:
1720:
1673:
1525:
1466:
1391:
1369:
1317:
1192:
1187:
1028:
828:
729:
606:
558:
199:
177:
982:
1913:
1888:
1836:
1819:
1430:
1240:
1202:
256:
222:
193:
162:
118:
125:
supported Cuban agriculture by paying premium prices for Cuba's main agricultural product,
2129:
2016:
2006:
1981:
1785:
1741:
1715:
1651:
1281:
1215:
1182:
1157:
1107:
1092:
1054:
1002:
962:
913:
901:
883:
865:
791:
773:
755:
692:
674:
645:
613:
383:
343:
168:
Today, there are several forms of agricultural production, including cooperatives such as
158:
79:
73:
66:
1069:
141:
countries. The
Soviets provided Cuba with 63% of its food imports and 90% of its petrol.
847:
2001:
1971:
1918:
1802:
1770:
1286:
667:
251:
133:. Sugar was bought by the Soviets at more than five times the market price. 95% of its
100:
35:
17:
2433:
2119:
1991:
1925:
1903:
1858:
1831:
1780:
296:
287:
in Cuba amounts to 25 kg (55 lb) per year. Potatoes are mainly consumed as
111:
894:
876:
766:
398:
hold a special cachet, because they are banned as contraband in accordance with the
1023:
Sinclair, Minor; Martha
Thompson (2007). "Agricultural Crisis and Transformation".
995:
426:
395:
288:
198:
Due to the shortage of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, a popular movement of
122:
107:
During each of these periods, agriculture in Cuba has confronted unique obstacles.
859:
Cuba works toward seed potato deal with North Dakota in: The
Bismarck Tribune.com
594:
1956:
1775:
1498:
506:
488:
304:
2150:
402:. A number of shops catering to American tourists sell Cuban cigars in Canada.
1898:
1690:
1301:
1291:
464:
446:
247:
130:
553:. Critical environments: nature, science, and politics. Oakland, California:
1760:
430:
361:
126:
40:
1996:
581:"Cuba's agricultural revolution an example to the world". Andrew Buncombe
235:
154:
65:
Cuba's agricultural history can be divided into five periods, reflecting
1976:
442:
434:
387:
370:
231:
138:
1951:
1085:
422:
414:
379:
300:
284:
203:
134:
1097:
438:
418:
360:
356:
332:
221:
34:
31:
Development of agricultural output of Cuba in 2015 US$ since 1961
1145:
1114:
169:
2154:
1118:
639:"A Different Kind of Green Revolution in Cuba". Hal Hamilton
1013:
CNN: The color and complexity of Cuba’s cigars April 9, 2007
628:, January 10, 1995, "Cuba's Agriculture Shows Improvements"
315:
Rice is a staple in Cuban diet; one of the main dishes is
597:/ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/oct1998/ao255h.pdf
110:
Agriculture in
Spanish colonial Cuba resulted in rapid
1025:
A Contemporary Cuba Reader: Reinventing the
Revolution
230:
Some 260,000 acres (1,100 km) are planted with
2312:
2186:
2045:
1938:
1753:
1740:
1650:
1616:
1600:
1558:
1429:
1368:
1310:
1249:
1165:
1156:
149:, spare parts became increasingly hard to come by.
1086:Agriculture in Cuba: frequently updated news site
1104:The good life in Havana: Cuba's green revolution
590:
588:
576:
574:
607:cuba-agriculture.com – Cuba Agriculture History
932:"Cuban Sugar Sector Aims for Recovery in 2013"
595:http://webarchives.cdlib.org/sw1bc3ts3z/http:/
369:Cuba has the second largest area planted with
246:Cuba is the world's third largest producer of
2166:
1130:
8:
1624:Committees for the Defense of the Revolution
914:"Cuba reopens sugar mills after price rise"
2173:
2159:
2151:
1944:
1750:
1746:
1656:
1439:
1435:
1374:
1162:
1137:
1123:
1115:
1064:
1062:
1027:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 158.
250:. Sixty percent of the citrus produce is
165:playing a major role in this transition.
1634:Military Counterintelligence Directorate
26:
517:
238:in a plant near Florida, Central Cuba.
174:Unidad Básica de Producción Cooperativa
833:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
826:
734:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
727:
182:Cooperativa de ProducciĂłn Agropecuaria
147:Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
392:National Association of Small Farmers
7:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
1608:National Revolutionary Police Force
1566:Revolutionary Armed Forces (MINFAR)
1509:National Assembly of People's Power
1257:United States embargo against Cuba
400:United States embargo against Cuba
25:
1629:DirecciĂłn General de Inteligencia
895:FAO Corporate Document Repository
877:FAO Corporate Document Repository
767:FAO Corporate Document Repository
2294:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2134:
2124:
2115:
2114:
481:
467:
2125:
938:from the original on 2016-08-12
475:Agriculture and Agronomy portal
394:members. In the United States,
365:Tobacco leaves in a drying shed
95:dissolution of the Soviet Union
555:University of California Press
1:
2181:Agriculture in North America
668:Cuban Ministry of Agriculture
390:grown in Cuba is produced by
2419:United States Virgin Islands
1277:Cuban intervention in Angola
686:Cuba's Non-Sugar Agriculture
497:Agrarian Reform Laws of Cuba
86:Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)
1001:September 21, 2007, at the
967:Encyclopedia of the Nations
337:Cuban sugar mill, ca. 1922.
2456:
1586:Territorial Troops Militia
900:December 17, 2015, at the
882:November 23, 2015, at the
657:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
354:
326:
271:
191:
2394:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2110:
1947:
1749:
1659:
1442:
1438:
1377:
1297:Fidel's transfer of power
1198:Cuban War of Independence
1098:Cuban Agriculture website
1053:October 14, 2016, at the
644:January 10, 2008, at the
549:Cederlöf, Gustav (2023).
274:Coffee production in Cuba
137:crop was exported to the
2414:Turks and Caicos Islands
449:(custard apple family).
226:Unprocessed cassava root
67:Cuban history in general
961:April 12, 2016, at the
612:April 26, 2016, at the
91:Cuba under Fidel Castro
18:Rice production in Cuba
2344:British Virgin Islands
1706:International rankings
1543:Prime Minister of Cuba
1538:Vice President of Cuba
772:March 3, 2016, at the
754:March 9, 2016, at the
502:Fidel Castro and dairy
376:Pinar del RĂo Province
366:
347:domestic consumption.
338:
227:
55:gross domestic product
47:
32:
2284:Saint Kitts and Nevis
864:June 1, 2009, at the
790:May 31, 2009, at the
785:EVD - The Netherlands
691:July 6, 2008, at the
673:May 20, 2016, at the
364:
336:
225:
80:Spanish colonial Cuba
38:
30:
1909:Association Football
1894:Scouting and Guiding
1686:Dual economy of Cuba
1457:Council of Ministers
1417:World Heritage Sites
1272:Cuban Missile Crisis
1267:Bay of Pigs Invasion
1211:Spanish–American War
129:, and by delivering
2440:Agriculture in Cuba
2299:Trinidad and Tobago
2194:Antigua and Barbuda
1262:Escambray rebellion
749:Foodmarket Exchange
329:Cuban sugar economy
51:Agriculture in Cuba
2234:Dominican Republic
1711:Telecommunications
1576:Revolutionary Navy
1571:Revolutionary Army
1452:Corruption in Cuba
1178:Colonial governors
1091:2015-12-29 at the
934:. 9 January 2013.
848:World Potato Atlas
626:The New York Times
367:
339:
228:
48:
33:
2427:
2426:
2316:other territories
2148:
2147:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2101:
1934:
1933:
1736:
1735:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1526:President of Cuba
1504:Political parties
1487:Human trafficking
1472:Foreign relations
1425:
1424:
1364:
1363:
1318:History of Havana
1034:978-0-7425-5507-5
564:978-0-520-39313-4
525:Britannica Online
200:urban agriculture
188:Urban agriculture
16:(Redirected from
2447:
2384:Saint Barthélemy
2314:Dependencies and
2187:Sovereign states
2175:
2168:
2161:
2152:
2138:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2068:Baseball players
1945:
1751:
1747:
1699:Convertible peso
1694:
1657:
1462:Council of State
1440:
1436:
1375:
1354:Santiago de Cuba
1163:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1116:
1102:Andrew Buncombe
1074:
1073:
1066:
1057:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1005:
993:
987:
986:
981:. Archived from
975:
969:
953:
947:
946:
944:
943:
928:
922:
921:
910:
904:
892:
886:
874:
868:
856:
850:
845:
839:
838:
832:
824:
822:
821:
815:
809:. Archived from
808:
800:
794:
782:
776:
764:
758:
746:
740:
739:
733:
725:
723:
722:
716:
710:. Archived from
709:
701:
695:
683:
677:
665:
659:
654:
648:
636:
630:
622:
616:
604:
598:
592:
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568:
546:
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522:
491:
486:
485:
484:
477:
472:
471:
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344:cane sugar mills
119:Cuban Revolution
117:Before the 1959
74:Precolonial Cuba
21:
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2144:
2135:
2098:
2041:
1930:
1874:Public holidays
1864:Musical theater
1732:
1692:
1669:Agrarian reform
1638:
1612:
1601:Law enforcement
1596:
1554:
1421:
1360:
1306:
1282:Mariel boatlift
1250:Post-Revolution
1245:
1216:Platt Amendment
1203:Sinking of USS
1152:
1143:
1108:The Independent
1093:Wayback Machine
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1077:
1068:
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1055:Wayback Machine
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1008:
1003:Wayback Machine
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902:Wayback Machine
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884:Wayback Machine
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804:"Archived copy"
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792:Wayback Machine
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774:Wayback Machine
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747:
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705:"Archived copy"
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693:Wayback Machine
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646:Wayback Machine
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614:Wayback Machine
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406:Tropical fruits
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283:Consumption of
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190:
63:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2404:Sint Eustatius
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
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2356:
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2349:Cayman Islands
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2320:
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2301:
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2049:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1901:
1896:
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1886:
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1876:
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1856:
1855:
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1387:Municipalities
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1325:
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1308:
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1299:
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1287:Special Period
1284:
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1243:
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1231:1932 hurricane
1228:
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1213:
1208:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1188:Ten Years' War
1185:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1166:Pre-Revolution
1160:
1154:
1153:
1144:
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453:Cuban Exports
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257:JagĂĽey Grande
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194:OrganopĂłnicos
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163:organopĂłnicos
160:
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112:deforestation
108:
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76:(before 1492)
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52:
46:in rural Cuba
45:
42:
37:
29:
19:
2409:Sint Maarten
2389:Saint Martin
2223:
1967:Cape Verdean
1940:Demographics
1796:Universities
1766:Architecture
1681:Central bank
1674:Cooperatives
1663:
1617:Intelligence
1477:Human rights
1447:Constitution
1236:World War II
1204:
1106:
1043:
1024:
1018:
1009:
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983:the original
973:
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940:. Retrieved
926:
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818:. Retrieved
811:the original
798:
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719:. Retrieved
712:the original
699:
681:
663:
652:
634:
625:
620:
602:
550:
520:
456:
427:Mamey Sapote
409:
396:Cuban cigars
368:
357:Cuban cigars
340:
314:
289:French fries
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261:
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245:
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181:
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123:Soviet Union
116:
109:
106:
64:
50:
49:
2379:Puerto Rico
2289:Saint Lucia
2239:El Salvador
1664:Agriculture
1402:Earthquakes
1332:Timelines:
1226:World War I
507:Ubre Blanca
489:Cuba portal
305:Netherlands
161:, with the
131:fertilizers
97:(1959–1992)
82:(1492–1902)
2374:Montserrat
2369:Martinique
2364:Guadeloupe
2219:Costa Rica
2053:Architects
1957:Afro-Cuban
1899:Sociolismo
1847:Newspapers
1837:Literature
1825:Censorship
1808:Healthcare
1693:(currency)
1521:Propaganda
1482:Censorship
1407:Hurricanes
1342:Guantánamo
1338:Cienfuegos
1302:Cuban thaw
1292:Maleconazo
1241:Revolution
1193:Little War
942:2013-05-22
820:2008-02-25
721:2008-02-27
513:References
447:annonaceae
355:See also:
327:See also:
248:grapefruit
44:plantation
2359:Greenland
2274:Nicaragua
2249:Guatemala
1884:Rationing
1869:Festivals
1813:Hospitals
1791:Education
1721:Transport
1593:(defunct)
1581:Air Force
1514:President
1467:Elections
1392:Provinces
1370:Geography
1048:USDA 2004
431:pineapple
411:Plantains
127:sugarcane
41:sugarcane
2434:Category
2324:Anguilla
2259:Honduras
2229:Dominica
2204:Barbados
2120:Category
2080:abstract
2075:Painters
2063:Athletes
2022:Lebanese
2007:Japanese
1982:Filipino
1962:American
1914:Baseball
1889:Religion
1832:Language
1820:Internet
1559:Military
1431:Politics
1350:Matanzas
1334:CamagĂĽey
1323:Timeline
1221:Republic
1173:Timeline
1150:articles
1089:Archived
1051:Archived
999:Archived
959:Archived
936:Archived
918:BBC News
898:Archived
880:Archived
862:Archived
829:cite web
788:Archived
770:Archived
752:Archived
730:cite web
689:Archived
671:Archived
642:Archived
610:Archived
461:See also
303:and the
285:potatoes
262:Cubanita
236:sorbitol
155:monopoly
2354:Curaçao
2339:Bonaire
2334:Bermuda
2264:Jamaica
2244:Grenada
2199:Bahamas
2130:Outline
2087:Writers
2058:Artists
2032:Spanish
2027:Mexican
2002:Italian
1997:Isleños
1992:Haitian
1977:Ciboney
1972:Chinese
1781:Cuisine
1754:Society
1742:Culture
1726:airline
1716:Tourism
1652:Economy
1397:Islands
1346:HolguĂn
1183:Slavery
1158:History
996:Cubanet
443:coconut
435:avocado
415:bananas
388:tobacco
384:Criollo
371:tobacco
351:Tobacco
293:Désirée
252:oranges
232:cassava
218:Cassava
159:organic
145:of the
139:Comecon
61:History
2279:Panama
2269:Mexico
2214:Canada
2209:Belize
2017:Korean
2012:Jewish
1987:French
1952:Cubans
1919:Boxing
1803:Health
1776:Cigars
1771:Cinema
1412:Rivers
1382:Cities
1311:Cities
1148:
1070:"Cuba"
1031:
561:
445:, and
423:Papaya
380:Corojo
301:Canada
279:Potato
268:Coffee
242:Citrus
204:Havana
176:) and
135:citrus
93:, pre-
2329:Aruba
2254:Haiti
2140:Index
2092:women
2037:White
1926:Women
1904:Sport
1879:Radio
1859:Music
1842:Media
1786:Dance
1691:Peso
1205:Maine
814:(PDF)
807:(PDF)
715:(PDF)
708:(PDF)
439:guava
419:mango
323:Sugar
213:Crops
170:UBPCs
2399:Saba
2224:Cuba
1548:list
1531:list
1492:LGBT
1146:Cuba
1029:ISBN
956:Cuba
835:link
736:link
559:ISBN
413:and
382:and
311:Rice
178:CPAs
1761:Art
1499:Law
184:).
2436::
1852:TV
1352:,
1348:,
1344:,
1340:,
1336:,
1061:^
965:,
916:.
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732:}}
728:{{
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531:^
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437:,
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299:,
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1037:.
945:.
837:)
823:.
738:)
724:.
567:.
180:(
172:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
