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216:. He also included accounts of earth-waves that could be seen travelling across the plain, and of waterspouts. During the cold season following the earthquake, the Survey carried out a re-triangulation of part of the area that had been initially surveyed in 1860. They found displacements of up to 12 feet both in distances and heights, substantially larger than could be due to errors. This was one of the earliest reports of such a re-survey.
237:
33:
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In subsequent papers, Oldham compared data from numerous earthquakes, with seismic observations at different distances from the epicentre. He found a discontinuity in the travel times for the S-waves at about 120° angular distance from the earthquake, suggesting refraction by a dense core with a
275:, with lateral movement, which he referred to as distortional. The third phase was of large undulations. The times of arrival of these phases indicated that the first two had travelled through the body of the earth, while the third were
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225:
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The
Chedrang fault cutting the bed of the Chedrang River. The fault face forms the right bank of the current watercourse, and part of the former bed of the river can be seen above the fault face.
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went far beyond reports of previous earthquakes. It included a description of the
Chedrang fault, with uplift up to 35 feet and reported accelerations of the ground that had exceeded the
1869:
307:
diameter of about 0.4 that of the earth. Oldham was not the first to suggest that the earth had a dense core, but he provided the first direct evidence of its existence and size.
695:
A Bibliography of Indian
Geology: Being a List of Books and Papers, Relating to the Geology of British India and Adjoining Countries, Published Previous to the End of AD 1887
759:
204:. He wrote about 40 publications for the Survey on geological subjects including hot springs, the geology of the Son Valley and the structure of the Himalayas and the
330:
267:
at distant locations. In the report of the 1897 earthquake he presented data, mainly from stations in Italy, that showed three phases. The first to arrive, the
1311:
263:
Oldham's most important contribution to seismology was the first clear identification of the separate arrivals of different groups of waves, as detected by
1261:
916:"The Constitution of the Interior of the Earth, as revealed by Earthquakes:(Second Communication). Some New Light on the Origin of the Oceans"
1859:
1220:
A Manual of the
Geology of India: Chiefly Compiled from the Observations of the Geological Survey: Stratigraphical and Structural Geology
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506:
286:
153:; 31 July 1858 – 15 July 1936) was a British geologist who made the first clear identification of the separate arrivals of
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Transmission of earthquake waves, as affected by the presence of a core of 0.4 of the earth's diameter. From Oldham (1906)
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949:"The Geological Interpretation of the Earth - Movements associated with the Californian Earthquake of April 18th, 1906"
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1066:"The structure of the Himalayas and of the Gangetic plain: as elucidated by geodetic observations in India"
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1083:"The Portolan Maps of the Rhône Delta: A Contribution to the History of the Sea Charts of the Middle Ages"
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318:. He continued to be active in the field, publishing papers on earthquakes in Guatemala and California.
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In 1903, Oldham resigned from the GSI due to ill-health and returned to the United
Kingdom, living in
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Monument to George Inglis, Chatak, showing the upper part twisted with respect to the base.
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Medlicott, Henry
Benedict; Blanford, William Thomas; Oldham, Richard Dixon (1893).
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271:, were compression waves, which he referred to as condensational. Next came the
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1135:—— (1926). "The depth and twofold character of earthquake origins".
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333:. Later in his life he became interested in the geography and history of the
982:"On the Effect of the Gangetic Alluvium on the Plumb-Line in Northern India"
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1006:
883:"The Constitution of the Interior of the Earth, as Revealed by Earthquakes"
872:
780:
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Map of the San
Andreas Fault, California, showing displacements due to the
1025:"The constitution of the interior of the Earth as revealed by earthquakes"
334:
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231:
Sketch map of the Samin and
Chedrang faults, showing the uplift in feet.
1106:
728:
106:
848:"The Rate of Transmission of the Guatemala Earthquake, April 19, 1902"
612:"Essays on Speculative Geology. 1. - On Homotaxis and Contemporaneity"
389:
Bragg, W. (1936). "Tribute to deceased fellows of the Royal
Society".
32:
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56:
1114:—— (1926). "The Post-Roman History of the Rhone Delta".
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653:"Essays on Speculative Geology. 2 - Probable Changes of Latitude"
1223:. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing.
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and the first clear evidence that the Earth has a central core.
1243:
595:"Report on the geology of parts of Manipur and the Naga Hills"
311:
755:"On the Propagation of Earthquake Motion to Great Distances"
208:. His most famous work was in seismology. His report on the
522:
Brush, Stephen G. (1980). "Discovery of the Earth's core".
196:
In 1879 Oldham became an assistant-superintendent with the
142:
133:
91:
measuring Earth's core; separate arrival of seismic phases
698:. Calcutta: Superintendent, Government Printing, India.
562:
Davison, C. (1936). "Richard Dixon Oldham. 1858-1936".
499:
Thinking about the Earth: A History of Ideas in
Geology
1116:
Science Progress in the Twentieth Century (1919-1933)
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Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A
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Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A
798:"On the Origin of the Dunmail Raise (Lake District)"
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738:"Report of the great earthquake of 12th June, 1897"
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831:"On Tidal Periodicity in the Earthquakes of Assam"
279:. Since these observations agreed with theory for
760:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A
564:Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society
434:
432:
430:
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1870:Presidents of the Geological Society of London
1272:Presidents of the Geological Society of London
501:. Harvard University Press. pp. 234–236.
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331:President of the Geological Society of London
8:
1185:"The Cachar earthquake of 10th January 1869"
1175:Geological Glossary: For the Use of Students
1200:Oldham, Thomas (1882). Oldham, R.D. (ed.).
1183:Oldham, Thomas (1882). Oldham, R.D. (ed.).
1172:Oldham, Thomas (1879). Oldham, R.D. (ed.).
953:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society
920:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society
887:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society
802:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society
441:Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
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1248:
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742:Memoirs of the Geological Society of India
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1206:Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India
1189:Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India
1070:Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India
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599:Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India
835:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
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185:and geologist, Oldham was educated at
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748:. K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & co.
705:"The Evolution of Indian Geography"
214:Earth's gravitational acceleration
14:
965:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1909.065.01-04.03
932:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1907.063.01-04.24
899:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1906.062.01-04.21
814:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1901.057.01-04.14
337:delta. He died on 15 July 1936.
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236:
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31:
321:In 1908 Oldham was awarded the
1202:"The Thermal Springs of India"
1:
1860:Fellows of the Royal Society
524:American Journal of Physics
411:10.1126/science.84.2190.539
327:Fellow of the Royal Society
183:Fellow of the Royal Society
1886:
198:Geological Survey of India
1432:Warington Wilkinson Smyth
677:10.1017/S0016756800145133
636:10.1017/S0016756800145121
439:"Oldham, Richard Dixon".
112:
95:
30:
1087:The Geographical Journal
709:The Geographical Journal
177:Born on 31 July 1858 to
1447:George Douglas Campbell
1407:Joseph Ellison Portlock
1347:George Bellas Greenough
1307:George Bellas Greenough
1287:George Bellas Greenough
1081:—— (1925).
1064:—— (1917).
1023:—— (1914).
980:—— (1914).
947:—— (1909).
914:—— (1907).
881:—— (1906).
846:—— (1905).
829:—— (1902).
796:—— (1901).
753:—— (1900).
736:—— (1899).
703:—— (1894).
692:—— (1888).
651:—— (1886).
610:—— (1886).
497:Oldroyd, David (1996).
445:Charles Scribner's Sons
1713:William Alexander Deer
1633:Herbert Leader Hawkins
1137:The Journal of Geology
1007:10.1098/rspa.1914.0032
873:10.1098/rspa.1905.0007
781:10.1098/rsta.1900.0015
576:10.1098/rsbm.1936.0008
303:
291:
1855:British seismologists
1673:Walter Campbell Smith
1623:Henry Hurd Swinnerton
1563:Arthur Smith Woodward
1422:Andrew Crombie Ramsay
593:Oldham, R.D. (1883).
367:List of geophysicists
314:and various parts of
297:
289:
210:1897 Assam earthquake
191:Royal School of Mines
767:(252–261): 135–174.
447:. 2008. p. 203.
359:– showed that
349:– showed that
302:. From Oldham (1909)
273:S or Secondary waves
119:Richard Dixon Oldham
37:Richard Dixon Oldham
25:Richard Dixon Oldham
1865:Lyell Medal winners
1688:Sydney Hollingworth
1648:Herbert Harold Read
1472:John Whitaker Hulke
1462:Henry Clifton Sorby
1457:Peter Martin Duncan
1437:Thomas Henry Huxley
1149:1926JG.....34..385O
1041:1914Natur..92..684O
998:1914RSPSA..90...32O
864:1905RSPSA..76..102O
773:1900RSPTA.194..135O
669:1886GeoM....3..300O
657:Geological Magazine
628:1886GeoM....3..293O
616:Geological Magazine
536:1980AmJPh..48..705B
403:1936Sci....84..539B
1850:British geologists
1683:James Stubblefield
1638:William Fearnsides
1367:Roderick Murchison
1342:Roderick Murchison
361:Earth's inner core
351:Earth's outer core
304:
292:
269:P or Primary waves
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1826:
1804:Mark Moody-Stuart
1698:Frederick Shotton
1658:Owen Thomas Jones
1618:Owen Thomas Jones
1497:Wilfred Hudleston
1382:Henry De la Beche
1317:William Babington
1292:Henry Grey Bennet
1035:(2312): 684–685.
397:(2190): 539–546.
325:, in 1911 made a
200:, working in the
116:
115:
97:Scientific career
16:British geologist
1877:
1543:Archibald Geikie
1533:Charles Lapworth
1512:William Whitaker
1492:Archibald Geikie
1487:William Blanford
1482:John Wesley Judd
1467:Robert Etheridge
1442:Joseph Prestwich
1427:William Hamilton
1397:William Hamilton
1362:William Buckland
1322:William Buckland
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1743:Janet Watson
1668:William King
1653:Cecil Tilley
1598:John Gregory
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1528:Jethro Teall
1521:20th century
1327:John Bostock
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67:15 July 1936
46:31 July 1858
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1845:1936 deaths
1840:1858 births
1783:Robin Cocks
1663:George Lees
1507:Henry Hicks
485:Oldham 1906
473:Oldham 1900
461:Oldham 1899
323:Lyell Medal
265:seismograms
167:seismograms
80:Nationality
1834:Categories
1723:Percy Kent
1613:John Green
1588:John Evans
1452:John Evans
841:: 139–153.
373:References
71:1936-07-16
50:1858-07-31
1538:John Marr
1165:129529277
973:129314512
940:140737052
907:129025380
822:128700544
685:128492838
644:129631499
353:is liquid
202:Himalayas
1128:43428312
1057:28807716
419:17834950
363:is solid
341:See also
189:and the
75:(age 77)
1145:Bibcode
1107:1782548
1037:Bibcode
994:Bibcode
860:Bibcode
769:Bibcode
729:1773463
665:Bibcode
624:Bibcode
532:Bibcode
399:Bibcode
391:Science
159:S-waves
155:P-waves
107:Geology
83:British
69: (
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1161:S2CID
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1103:JSTOR
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1016:93566
1012:JSTOR
969:S2CID
936:S2CID
903:S2CID
818:S2CID
789:90755
785:JSTOR
725:JSTOR
681:S2CID
640:S2CID
335:Rhône
316:Wales
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1076:(2).
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503:ISBN
415:PMID
181:, a
173:Life
161:and
64:Died
43:Born
1153:doi
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1002:doi
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