332:, the dissenters of the neighbourhood held their worship, the parochial chapel being in ruins. Frankland moved hither with his academy in 1674 (between 20 February and 26 May). The congregation increased under his care, and he extended his labours to Kendal and elsewhere. The first nonconformist ordination in Yorkshire was held (10 July 1678) at his instigation and with his assistance. He met with considerable opposition, but the first definite reference to proceedings against him occurs in a manuscript notebook of Oliver Heywood, under date 29 May 1681. Frankland had been excommunicated in the ecclesiastical court; his friends had obtained an absolution for him, upon which the official gave notice 'that Mr. Richard Frankland, the ringleader of the sectarys, hath voluntarily submitted himself to the orders of the church and is reconciled to it'. The report ran that Frankland had conformed and got a good living. Early in 1683 the enforcement of the
472:, Durham (buried 5 January 1691), and had at least two sons (1. John, born 13 August 1659, entered the academy 3 May 1678, and died in June 1679, 'the strongest man of his age in and about Natland;' 2. Richard, baptised 8 June 1668, entered the academy 13 April 1680, died of the smallpox, and was buried at Sheffield 4 May 1689) and three daughters (1. Barbary, born 16 April 1661, and buried 5 August 1662; 2. Elizabeth, baptised 25 August 1664 (this is the 'Mrs. Frankland' mentioned by Oliver Heywood as collecting materials for a memoir of her father); 3. Margaret, married 19 June 1701 to Samuel Smith (d 1732) of York).
283:.' The lectures were in Latin, and given by Frankland until he had trained up assistants, among whom were John Issot, Richard Frankland (the tutor's son) and John Owen. The discipline of the house was strict, but Frankland always succeeded in gaining the confidence of his students, and maintained his authority with 'admirable temper.' Morning prayers were at seven, winter and summer; lectures were over by noon, but solitary study went on after dinner till six o'clock prayers, and supper was followed by discussion of the day's work, unhampered by the tutor's presence. Those who wished to graduate went on to
217:, and a tutor at Durham, declined to start an academical institution, holding himself precluded by his graduation oath from resuming collegiate lectures outside the ancient universities. Application was then successfully made to Frankland, who was not hindered by the same scruple. Nonconformist tutors usually understood the oath as referring to prelections in order to a degree. Before opening his 'academy' Frankland was in London, where he felt 'a violent impulse upon his mind to go to the king.' By the help of 'the old Earl of Manchester, lord chamberleyne' (
22:
175:(consecrated 2 December 1660) did not interfere with a peaceable man. An attorney named Bowster demanded of him, 'publickly before the congregation,' whether he intended to conform. Frankland thought it would be time to answer this question when the terms of conformity had been settled; and meanwhile relied on the king's declaration (25 October 1660) dispensing with conformity. Bowster, with a neighbouring clergyman, got possession of the keys and locked Frankland out of his church. He indicted them for
674:
409:(5 July 1691) new alarm was excited by the assembling of twenty-four nonconformist ministers at Wakefield (2 September) to consider the 'heads of agreement' sent down from London as an irenicon (a proposition or device for securing peace) between the presbyterian and independent sections. Frankland was the senior minister present, and earnestly promoted the union. Next year the clergy of
430:, 6 November 1694). The archbishop's goodwill did not stop further proceedings. From a letter of Richard Stretton, presbyterian minister at Haberdashers' Hall, London, to Thoresby, it appears that early in 1695 there was a prosecution against Frankland; on 10 February the indictment was quashed. In 1697 he was brought before the spiritual court, but at
484:, 1697. The tract is excessively rare; from the state of one of the two known copies, Aspland conjectures that most of the impression was accidentally destroyed; it is more probable that it had a purely local circulation. It has a preface by Oliver Heywood (dated 11 March; not included in his works). The
447:
His health began to break in 1697, when he was troubled with gravel. But he persevered in his work to the last, and died in the midst of his scholars on 1 October 1698. He was buried on 5 October in
Giggleswick Church, where his daughters placed an ornate mural tablet to his memory, being a facsimile
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for advice. Tillotson evidently did not like the business, and suggested to Sharp (14 June 1692), as 'the fairest and softest way of ridding' his 'hands of' it, that he should see
Frankland and explain that the objection to licensing his academy was not based upon his nonconformity. His school was
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was on his way to the council. Frankland, in the divine name, enjoined
Charles 'to reform your life, your family, your kingdom, and the church,' adding an impressive warning. '"I will," saith the king, "do what I can."' After a few more words 'the king hasted away, saying, "I thank you, sir," and
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Frankland carried his academy with him back to
Rathmell, and during the remaining nine years of his life he admitted nearly as many students as in the whole previous period of over nineteen years. His congregation also throve, and he maintained harmony among its members at a time when many were
254:
dates the presbyterian separation, that divinity students connected with that body were sent to
Rathmell, and the earliest nonconformist 'academy' (as distinct from a mere school) became an important institution and the model of others. The course of studies in this 'northern academy' included
183:
for a technical flaw in the indictment. Cosin now offered to institute
Frankland and give him higher preferment if he would receive episcopal ordination. He even proposed, but without result, to ordain him conditionally, and 'so privately that the people might not know of it.' By the
426:. Here, with the help of a pipe of tobacco and a glass of good wine, a very friendly interview took place in the library, Sharp courteously declining controversy and inviting confidential hints about the state of the diocese (according to Frankland in a latter to
438:
states that his troubles continued till the year of his death, but no further particulars are available. Oliver
Heywood's diaries are full of references to the academy and its students, and to Frankland's labours at ordinations.
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The academy had six migrations from place to place. In consequence of the indulgence, Frankland had begun to preach at
Rathmell, and though 'no very taking' preacher, his solid discourses gained him a call from a congregation in
541:
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to which it is a reply was published in 1694 (dated 10 December), and is a plea by a churchman for moderation towards unitarians; Heywood's preface suggests that it had got into the hands of
Frankland's students. The
200:
In 1662 Frankland retired to his patrimony at
Rathmell, where he lived some years in privacy. His children were baptised (1664 and 1668) at the parish church. At this period he did not join the ranks of the
303:(1677–1730) entered as a law student on 5 July 1695. The ministry of dissent in the north of England was chiefly recruited from Frankland's academy, as the ejected of 1662 gradually died out.
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leanings. Some of his students were intended for the legal, others for the medical profession; his first divinity students belonged to the independent denomination. It was not till the
389:
protected him as a preacher, hardly a year passed without some fresh attempt on the part of the authorities to put down his academy. For not answering a citation to the archbishop's (
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372:, independent minister at Sheffield, began another academy at Attercliffe on a more restricted principle than Frankland's, excluding mathematics 'as tending to scepticism.'
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not required in the district, and it was contrary to the bishop's oath to license public instruction in 'university learning.' Sharp saw Frankland after a confirmation at
287:, where they were promoted to a degree after one session's attendance. The total number of Frankland's students was 304; among the best known of his divinity students are
144:, in the family of John Brook (d 1693), twice lord mayor of York, and a strong presbyterian. Frankland left Ellenthorp to become curate to Lupthern, rector of
160:, for which Cromwell had issued a patent on 15 May 1657. His patron, Haslerig, was interested in the success of this college, which died at the Restoration.
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compelled him to leave Natland as being too near to Kendal. He transferred his academy to Calton Hall, the seat of the Lamberts, in the parish of
368:, Yorkshire. He left Attercliffe at the end of July 1689, in consequence of the death of his favourite son, and returned to Rathmell. His pupil
218:
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205:' preachers. Efforts were being made by the nonconformists of the north to secure the educational advantages offered for a short time by the
356:, just inside the Lancashire border, and so convenient for escaping a writ for either county. Late in 1686 Frankland availed himself of
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in Westmoreland, just outside the five-miles radius from Kendal. In 1685 (a year in which two of his former students were imprisoned at
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from 1660), with whom John Frankland was connected, were originally from Giggleswick. Frankland was educated (1640–1648) at
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Early in March 1670 Frankland began to receive students at Rathmell. His first student was George, youngest son of Sir
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At Bishop Auckland, where two of his children were born, Frankland confined himself to his parochial duties. After the
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Dissenting academies in England: their rise and progress, and their place among the educational systems of the country
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twice looking back before he went into the counsel-chamber, said, "I thank you, sir; I thank you"'.
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arbitrary exercise of the dispensing power, took out a fifty shilling dispensation, and removed to
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Reflections on a Letter writ by a nameless Author to the Reverend Clergy of both Universities
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ordered his absolution, which was read in Giggleswick Church. Soon after the consecration of
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Richard Frankland, son of John Frankland, was born on 1 November 1630, at
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677: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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of the monument to John Lambert, son of Major-general Lambert, in
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Frankland was confirmed in the possession of his living; but the
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The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource:
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He married Elizabeth Sanderson of Hedley Hope, in the parish of
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the case was postponed, apparently by the archbishop's order.
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Church. His funeral sermon was preached some time after by
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After graduating, Frankland preached for short periods at
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petitioned Sharp to suppress the academy. Sharp wrote to
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393:) court he was again excommunicated; at the instance of
580:"Frankland, Richard (1630–1698), nonconformist tutor"
92:, received lasting impressions from the preaching of
88:, was that of a cultured puritanism. Frankland, like
80:. The tone of his college, under the mastership of
624:
623:Gordon, Alexander; Westaway, Jonathan H. (2004).
626:"Wood, James (called General Wood) (1672–1759)"
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635:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
456:, who transferred the 'northern academy' to
693:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
612:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
385:to which he himself adhered. But while the
171:. His living was in the bishop's gift, but
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68:. The Franklands of Thirkleby, Yorkshire (
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718:Ejected English ministers of 1662
629:. In Westaway, Jonathan H (ed.).
422:and invited the nonconformist to
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690:Dictionary of National Biography
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609:Dictionary of National Biography
585:Dictionary of National Biography
542:"Franckland, Richard (FRNT648R)"
221:), he gained an audience while
311:was a student of the academy.
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656:UK public library membership
215:Magdalene College, Cambridge
60:, a hamlet in the parish of
546:A Cambridge Alumni Database
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78:Christ's College, Cambridge
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578:Gordon, Alexander (1889).
548:. University of Cambridge.
74:Giggleswick grammar school
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342:Dawson Fold
301:John Disney
261:metaphysics
203:conventicle
165:Restoration
62:Giggleswick
702:Categories
658:required.)
497:References
470:Brancepeth
458:Manchester
432:Michaelmas
358:James II's
352:, near to
315:Migrations
305:James Wood
297:John Evans
281:chronology
265:somatology
173:John Cosin
146:Sedgefield
130:Lanchester
415:Tillotson
383:Calvinism
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66:Yorkshire
52:Biography
646:8 August
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70:baronets
58:Rathmell
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328:, near
326:Natland
244:puritan
223:Charles
181:assizes
104:1655).
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411:Craven
330:Kendal
279:, and
128:; and
126:Durham
114:Hexham
100:1651,
520:–69.
443:Death
403:Sharp
324:. At
257:logic
648:2010
595:2009
522:ISBN
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295:and
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