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64:. He became interested in social science but worked as a merchant and a manufacturer, hoping in the future to be able to devote himself full-time to his interest in sociology studies and social reform. Dugdale was described as a shy and humble man, who believed that good government was dependent on an educated, informed electorate. He was involved with several societies including The Society for Political Education, the New York Social Science Society, the New York Association for the Advancement of Science and the Arts, the New York Sociology Club, and the Civil Service Reform Association.
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study were the need for penal reform, improved public health and early childhood education and care, all indications that he supported an environmentalist position. Dugdale also noted that the Jukes were a composite of 42 families and not a single group: only 540 of his 709 subjects appeared to be related by blood, and that his conclusions were tentative and inconclusive.
80:, whom he named "Jukes". Using local records and interviews he created detailed family trees and described the lives and histories of individual offenders, and then developed conclusions about what he believed were the causes of crime and dissipation. He reported his findings to the Prison Association in 1875 and published the widely read
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or other controls on reproduction. Instead, he believed that human behavior was influenced by both heredity and environment. He claimed that physiological disorders were the main cause of social problems, and that "training" could modify disposition and behavior. The conclusions he drew from his
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in 1877. Dugdale pioneered the use of science and scientific methods for the improvement of society, believing that studies that used objective methods would lead to the betterment of public policy and laws. His work marked a move away from religious-based explanations of social problems, and was
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Dugdale never married, and his health was fragile throughout his life. He suffered a breakdown in his late thirties and died of congenital heart disease in New York City on 23 July 1883 in his early forties.
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in 1858 in an effort to improve his health. The family returned to New York in 1860, and the following year his father died. Dugdale later worked in business as a
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Dugdale became a member of the executive committee of the Prison
Association of New York in 1868 and in 1874 was delegated to inspect thirteen county jails in
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Paul, Diane (1995), "Controlling Human
Heredity: 1865 to the Present, p.49, quoted in "Teaching Eugenics to Children:Heredity and Reform in Jean Webster's
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76:. Noticing that many of the inmates were related by blood or marriage, he self-funded a study of a family living in and around
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Carlson, Elof Axel (Aug 1980), "R. L. Dugdale and the Jukes Family: A Historical
Injustice Corrected",
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Keely, Karen (Sep 2004), "Teaching
Eugenics to Children:Heredity and Reform in Jean Webster's
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movement. Others note that
Dugdale was not a eugenicist and never suggested
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and began working for a sculptor at the age of 14. Dugdale suffered from a
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The
Triumph of Evolution: Heredity Environment Controversy, 1900-1941
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The work of a social teacher: being a memorial of
Richard L. Dugdale
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489:, John Jay College of Criminal Justice (view upon appointment only)
280:"Bad Seed or Bad Science? The Story of the Notorious Jukes Family"
182:, Washington: The Carnegie Institution of Washington, pp. 4–5
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148:"The Jukes": A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease and Heredity
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Dugdale's papers are housed in the
Special Collections of the
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The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease and
Heredity
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The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease and
Heredity
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lauded due to its use of fieldwork to answer questions of
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44:to English parents, and in 1851 moved with them to
22:(1841 – 23 July 1883) was an American merchant and
216:, London: Oxford University Press, archived from
250:, Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 3–6,
348:The child savers: the invention of delinquency
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94:Dugdale's book has been interpreted as a
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26:, best known for his 1877 family study,
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60:while taking night courses at the
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16:American merchant and sociologist
514:Works by Richard Louis Dugdale
500:Works by Richard Louis Dugdale
176:Estabrooks, Arthur H. (1916),
1:
504:Biodiversity Heritage Library
485:Richard L. Dugdale Papers,
482:(1884) Edward Morse Shepard
213:American National Biography
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345:Platt, Anthony M. (1977),
423:The Lion and the Unicorn
381:The Lion and the Unicorn
52:and the family moved to
50:congenital heart disease
456:"Manuscript Collection"
78:Ulster County, New York
210:Ryan, Patrick (1998),
113:Eugenics Record Office
557:American sociologists
435:10.1353/uni.2004.0032
393:10.1353/uni.2004.0032
89:nature versus nurture
20:Richard Louis Dugdale
278:(February 8, 2003).
104:forced sterilization
68:Studying the "Jukes"
40:Dugdale was born in
562:Cooper Union alumni
276:Christianson, Scott
128:Lloyd Sealy Library
109:Arthur H. Estabrook
257:978-0-8018-3742-5
117:The Jukes in 1915
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58:stenographer
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24:sociologist
541:Categories
419:Dear Enemy
377:Dear Enemy
308:BioScience
289:2007-07-07
224:2007-07-07
186:2007-07-12
155:References
115:published
36:Early life
443:143332948
401:143332948
136:The Jukes
100:eugenics
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