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417:". Norman Studios produced several of these films during the 1920s. Richard Norman's reason to produce race films was not solely a business decision. Although the studio was indeed filling a niche, Norman was also motivated by the state of race relations at the time. The untapped black filmgoer market and the plethora of talented performers unable to get work in mainstream films lead to the production of race films by Norman Studios.
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power generators for the cameras and lights. It was not until
February 2004 that the city received a grant from the state of Florida to help preserve and restore the aging complex. Their $ 140,000 grant was used for emergency roofing, security lighting, a security system, and the largest chunk was paid to Kenneth Smith Architects to redesign the complex into its future life as the Norman Studios Silent Film Museum.
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Only when Ann Burt, a local resident, discovered that the dilapidated buildings were actually an important former movie studio were efforts made to turn the site of Norman
Studios into a museum. As a member of Old Arlington Inc, an Arlington area preservationist group, Burt was able to bring together
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was elected mayor of
Jacksonville on an anti-film campaign intending to curb the wild excesses of the film industry. Filmmakers did not help their cause by filming car chases on the streets on Sundays, pulling alarms to film fire trucks, or accidentally inciting riots. By the 1930s, the film industry
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Three years after the movement began, the city of
Jacksonville bought four of the original five buildings for $ 260,000 in April 2002. The structures acquired were the main production and processing building, a small cottage for costume changes, a storage shed, and a building that holds the original
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The plot of the film revolves around a former World War I fighter pilot returning home to his previous job of a railroad company detective. Once back, he has to solve a case involving stolen money and a missing employee in order to catch the thieves. The film is the only one from the period known to
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During the early 20th century, the emerging film industry that was traditionally located in New York built a new home in
Northeast Florida so they could continue filming during the winter. Jacksonville, home to over thirty silent film studios from 1908–1922, became known as the "Winter Film Capital
677:. The federal government would pay for the preservation and restoration of the studio as well as the operation of the buildings. Transferring the buildings to the National Park Service will help refurbish the interior of the buildings which the city and the museum group have been unable to afford.
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For Norman's last feature film, he created a film about oil drilling in the
American West based on the story of John Crisp, a black leaseholder who found oil on his Oklahoma property. In the film, Mart Ashton, a rancher, looks to invest in oil wells on his property. His driller secretly conspires
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respectively, and the films did significantly better. Norman moved to
Jacksonville during the height of the film industry and bought the studio in 1920 at the age of 29. It may be that Norman occupied the studios before purchasing them. The success of the film brought attention to the studio from
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Norman
Studios' run as a producer of race films ended with the advent of talking films. Richard Norman invested and developed a system to sync audio to the moving images. Units were sold to theaters in the nation, but a new method of putting sound-on-film debuted making Norman's system obsolete.
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tells the story of a town beset by bandits, led by the infamous 'Skull' (an actor in a skeleton costume). Bob, the ranch hand, must rescue the ranch owner's daughter, Anita (played by Bush), and Peg from the clutches of the outlaws. After Bob infiltrates the gang to free them both, he must stand
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in 1891, Richard Edward Norman started his film career in the
Midwest making movies for white audiences in the 1910s. His early work was a series of "home talent" films, in which he would travel to various towns with stock footage and a basic script; after recruiting local celebrities for minor
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and after they were processed at Norman's laboratory in
Chicago, they would be screened and any funds raised would be split between Norman and the town. This led to his filming other events and productions throughout the Midwest, including the play "Pro Patria" at the University of Illinois
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set in the railroad industry, The expanded film included a dramatic story of greed and jealousy with a comedic subplot, and drew on many early racial stereotypes. This initial version of the film received widely mixed reviews. Norman decided to split the film into a drama and a comedy,
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with the Ohio Company to take over his well. When Ashton is framed for robbery and thrown into jail, his foreman, Ace, and the bank president's daughter, Alice, team up with Peg to exonerate Ashton. When they are successful, Ace and Alice start their future together.
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fight films, felt the sounds of dancing were too loud. A dance floor was built in the set building which is now used as the site for the Circle of Faith Ministries and is the sole building of the original five not owned by Jacksonville currently.
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fishing schooner and first mate to Violet's father, sets sail with Violet, following a mysterious map for their course. After the pair are forced from the ship and stranded on an island, which they name 'Regeneration,' the pair live out a
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Gloria Norman, the wife of Richard Norman, began teaching dance in 1935 on the second floor of the main production and film printing building. Richard, who was still in the film business by producing industrial films for the
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was dubbed "the greatest airplane thriller ever filmed." It was filmed entirely on the ground, but used camera tricks to imply movement and altitude for the stationary airplanes. The film was inspired by aviators like
482:, Norman saw the West as the next film frontier. This was especially important for films featuring black actors, as the West was seen as a land of opportunity free from segregation and oppression. Shot in
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Norman created a prop plane for the film. Creative use of the camera created upside down sequences. African Americans were not allowed to serve as pilots in the United States armed forces at the time.
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One of the most prominent studios creating films for black audiences in the silent era, Norman's films featured all-black casts with protagonists in positive roles. During its run it produced eight
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This film was an instant hit that benefited from Norman's unique promotional methods. In particular, Norman encouraged theaters to fill their lobbies with sand to draw potential customers in.
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Restoration of the exterior of the property completed in about 2008, while more fundraising has been done to try to purchase the fifth building from the Circle of Faith Ministries.
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of the World". Eagle Film Studios, which would later become Norman Studios, was built in 1916. The five buildings composing the studio went bankrupt in the following years.
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trial via "The Crimson Skull," wherein dripping blood reveals his fate. The bandits are captured and Bob is rewarded with both a financial reward and the hand of Anita.
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After Gloria sold the studio in 1976, the building became the location for a variety of companies such as plumbing and telephone answering services.
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roles, they would film a small portion of footage (approximately 200 feet of new material) over the course 40 of a few days. These films included
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had moved on from Jacksonville while Norman Studios became a distributor of films and then Richard Norman began exhibiting films in the 1940s.
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made its technology obsolete, and eventually closed. In the 21st century, the studio's facilities were restored and re-purposed as a museum.
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with Violet Daniels (Stella Mayo) as the orphaned, only child of a widowed sea captain. Jack Roper (M.C. Maxwell), the owner of the
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casts from 1919 to 1928. The only surviving studio from the period of early filmmaking in Jacksonville, its facilities are now the
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844:"Secretary Jewell, Director Jarvis Announce 10 New National Historic Landmarks Illustrating America's Diverse History, Culture"
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During the time, films with an African-American cast and shown specifically to African-American audiences were known as "
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Filmmakers were already steadily making an exodus to southern California which emerged as a new hub for films. In 1917,
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have survived. The Library of Congress keeps a copy of the film as it is deemed culturally significant. Nowadays,
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1105:"Jacksonville prepares to transfer historic Norman Studio to federal park system | members.jacksonville.com"
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The successful National Historic Landmark nomination was written as part of a graduate-level course at the
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1128:"Progress Report « Norman Studios – Preserving the legacy of silent film in Northeast Florida"
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Clarke, Ken (September 22, 2002). "Silent-film Studios May Soon Be Rescued". Gainesville Sun.
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Oscar Micheaux and His Circle: African-American Filmmaking and Race Cinema of the Silent Era
903:"The Past « Norman Studios – Preserving the legacy of silent film in Northeast Florida"
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who sent a letter to Norman Studios expressing a wish to create a film based on her life.
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544:-esque story, where they best their enemy, find buried treasure, and are safely rescued.
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Richard E. Norman Collection at Indiana University Bloomington Black Film Center/Archive
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Jacksonville is working to transfer the Norman Studios Silent Film Museum to the
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1287:"Executive Summary Form, Norman Film Manufacturing Company, Jacksonville, FL"
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was Norman's first Western film. Like many of his contemporaries, including
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Cher Davis, Web Designer/Social Media Strategist, Communications Committee
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Although Norman had planned to film three Westerns, he only produced two.
330:. The studio transitioned to distribution and promotion after the rise of
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The First Hollywood: Florida and the Golden Age of Silent Filmmaking
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Rita Reagan, Historian, Community & Education Outreach Director
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Urbana-Champaign. His first silent film with an all black cast was
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The only film from Norman Studios to be restored and kept in the
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1196:"Before There Was Hollywood - There Was Fla.'s Own Jacksonville"
455:(1923), an action adventure set on an island after a shipwreck;
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National Register of Historic Places in Jacksonville, Florida
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other African-American actors hoping to star in later films.
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Devan Stuart, Board Chair, Media & Publicity Director
301:. Founded by Richard Edward Norman, the studio produced
993:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 316.
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Buildings and structures under construction shown in
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Bowser, Pearl; Gaines, Jane; Musser, Charles (2001).
953:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 45.
928:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 40.
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films and numerous shorts; its only surviving film,
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Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Jacksonville Branch
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1265:. Gainesville: University of Florida. p. 156.
337:On October 31, 2016, the location was designated a
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2312:James Weldon Johnson Park (formerly Hemming Plaza)
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391:(1919), adapted from his earlier home talent film
2436:African-American history in Jacksonville, Florida
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1022:"Comeback role in works for an old movie legend"
2396:Film production companies of the United States
846:. Department of the Interior. November 2, 2016
486:(a town billed as an exclusively black town),
1929:Title & Trust Company of Florida Building
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1170:"Why the city never got a Hard Rock 06/14/98"
465:(1928), a drama set around the oil business.
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2275:Springfield Park (formerly Confederate Park)
592:is screened occasionally across the nation.
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2421:Entertainment companies established in 1920
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1546:Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts
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1072:Up in the Air: the Story of Bessie Coleman
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433:Films produced by Norman Studios include:
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2229:Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve
1237:"City lands grant for studio restoration"
111:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
2179:Castillo de San Marcos National Monument
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699:Anthony Hodge, Board Co-Chair, Webmaster
2219:Olustee Battlefield Historic State Park
1680:Museum of Contemporary Art Jacksonville
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1047:. Sarasota, FL: Pineapple. p. 63.
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711:Emily Rose, Corporate Outreach Director
461:(1926), Norman's most famous film; and
2431:National Historic Landmarks in Florida
2224:Pumpkin Hill Creek Preserve State Park
2194:Fort George Island Cultural State Park
1602:Bryan Simpson United States Courthouse
531:Norman turned to the seas and created
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2234:Yellow Bluff Fort Historic State Park
1713:Basilica of the Immaculate Conception
1582:Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center
951:Richard E. Norman and Race Filmmaking
926:Richard E. Norman and Race Filmmaking
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2100:Jacksonville Arboretum & Gardens
2391:Cinema museums in the United States
2386:African-American museums in Florida
1294:National Historic Landmarks Program
1076:. Minneapolis: Carolrhoda. p.
978:. New York: Routledge. p. 124.
693:Capt. Richard E. & Kathy Norman
2059:Jacksonville International Airport
1670:Karpeles Manuscript Library Museum
1650:Alexander Brest Museum and Gallery
25:
1829:310 West Church Street Apartments
1690:Norman Studios Silent Film Museum
1045:African American Sites in Florida
662:Norman Studios Silent Film Museum
311:Norman Studios Silent Film Museum
291:Norman Film Manufacturing Company
137:Restored facility in Jacksonville
2406:Museums in Jacksonville, Florida
2401:History of Jacksonville, Florida
2204:George Crady Bridge Fishing Pier
1655:Cummer Museum of Art and Gardens
1024:. Jacksonville.com. May 20, 2002
976:Early Race Filmmaking in America
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2260:Jacksonville-Baldwin Rail Trail
2214:Little Talbot Island State Park
2199:Fort Matanzas National Monument
2184:Fort Caroline National Memorial
1874:Greenleaf & Crosby Building
1194:Word, Ron (September 5, 2008).
1126:graphicstation (May 13, 2011).
512:was filmed at the same time as
120:U.S. National Historic Landmark
2426:1920 establishments in Florida
2028:Naval Air Station Jacksonville
2018:Jacksonville National Cemetery
1952:Barnett National Bank Building
1508:VyStar Veterans Memorial Arena
1483:Jacksonville Equestrian Center
247:
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2064:Jacksonville Terminal Complex
2023:Naval Air Station Cecil Field
1733:St. Andrew's Episcopal Church
1685:Museum of Science and History
974:Lupack, Barbara Tepa (2016).
949:Lupack, Barbara Tepa (2013).
924:Lupack, Barbara Tepa (2013).
682:University of Central Florida
627:Gloria Norman School of Dance
189:Show map of the United States
54:
2174:Big Talbot Island State Park
2105:Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens
1665:Jacksonville Maritime Museum
1962:CSX Transportation Building
326:, has been restored by the
2452:
2079:Rosa Parks Transit Station
561:Norman Studios poster for
437:(1919), a railroad drama;
339:National Historic Landmark
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2110:Jessie Ball duPont Center
708:Laura Lavernia, Secretary
705:Patricia Hodge, Treasurer
658:others to save the site.
451:(1922), another western;
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246:NRHP reference
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18:Richard Norman (producer)
2164:Amelia Island State Park
2125:Palm and Cycad Arboretum
1749:Outdoor shopping centers
1723:Riverside Baptist Church
1660:Jacksonville Fire Museum
1043:McCarthy, Kevin (2007).
503:The Crimson Skull (1922)
2411:Arlington, Jacksonville
2381:African-American cinema
2135:Tree Hill Nature Center
2074:JAXPORT Cruise Terminal
1889:Henry John Klutho House
1849:Edwin M. Stanton School
1785:Indoor shopping centers
1531:Alhambra Dinner Theatre
1296:. National Park Service
876:: 20–21. September 2013
609:
2317:Jacksonville Riverwalk
2189:Fort Clinch State Park
2038:Veterans Memorial Wall
1844:Dyal-Upchurch Building
1771:River City Marketplace
1468:121 Financial Ballpark
1156:July 27, 2011, at the
1068:Hart, Phillip (1996).
757:The Green-Eyed Monster
741:Sleepy Sam, the Sleuth
568:
470:The Bull Dogger (1921)
430:
427:Black Gold (1928 film)
388:The Green-Eyed Monster
382:Sleepy Sam the Sleuth,
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2376:American film studios
2095:Cecil Commerce Center
2033:Naval Station Mayport
2013:Blount Island Command
1972:One Enterprise Center
1957:Bank of America Tower
1776:St. Johns Town Center
1718:Mount Zion AME Church
870:Jacksonville's Legacy
866:"Norman Film Studios"
820:National Park Service
816:"Norman Film Studios"
675:National Park Service
636:Co. and distributing
560:
552:The Flying Ace (1926)
423:
366:
299:Jacksonville, Florida
293:is a former American
230:30.33379°N 81.59365°W
203:Jacksonville, Florida
2169:Anastasia State Park
2069:Jacksonville station
1992:Two Prudential Plaza
1756:Jacksonville Landing
1728:St. John's Cathedral
1556:UNF Fine Arts Center
1551:Theatre Jacksonville
1408:Fuller Warren Bridge
1261:Bean, Shawn (2008).
2307:Friendship Fountain
2209:Kingsley Plantation
1879:Kingsley Plantation
1797:Regency Square Mall
1766:Shoppes of Avondale
1761:Gateway Town Center
1632:Old City Hall Annex
1174:Florida Times Union
1130:. Normanstudios.org
905:. Normanstudios.org
573:Library of Congress
526:Regeneration (1923)
447:(1921), a western;
373:Middleburg, Florida
328:Library of Congress
273:Designated NHL
235:30.33379; -81.59365
226: /
164:Show map of Florida
103:Norman Film Studios
31:
1997:Wells Fargo Center
1947:121 Atlantic Place
1869:Evergreen Cemetery
1854:Elks Club Building
1513:World Golf Village
1473:Florida Yacht Club
1418:Main Street Bridge
1403:Dames Point Bridge
1107:. Jacksonville.com
688:Board of directors
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441:(1919), a comedy;
435:Green-Eyed Monster
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398:Green-Eyed Monster
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2157:State and Federal
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2115:Laura Street Trio
1909:Old City Cemetery
1884:Laura Street Trio
1834:Brewster Hospital
1810:
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1708:The Bethel Church
1700:Places of worship
1617:County Courthouse
1590:
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1577:Metropolitan Park
1488:Swisher Gymnasium
1239:. Bizjournals.com
960:978-0-253-01064-3
935:978-0-253-01064-3
773:The Crimson Skull
600:Black Gold (1928)
518:The Crimson Skull
510:The Crimson Skull
449:The Crimson Skull
367:Richard E. Norman
284:
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268:December 29, 2014
260:Significant dates
92:normanstudios.org
16:(Redirected from
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1987:TIAA Bank Center
1977:Riverplace Tower
1924:Old St. Andrew's
1919:Schultz Building
1914:Ribault Inn Club
1792:Orange Park Mall
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1493:EverBank Stadium
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332:talking pictures
307:African-American
289:, also known as
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1967:Eight Forty One
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1824:11 East Forsyth
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1450:Sun-Ray Cinema
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1423:Mathews Bridge
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1312:External links
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723:Erminda Flores
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648:Revitalization
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590:The Flying Ace
582:Bessie Coleman
577:The Flying Ace
564:The Flying Ace
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323:The Flying Ace
318:feature length
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734:List of films
733:
728:
726:Meredith Tano
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265:Added to NRHP
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72:United States
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33:
27:
19:
2356:
2340:Laura Street
1982:VyStar Tower
1689:
1627:Main Library
1541:Ritz Theatre
1363:Jacksonville
1298:. Retrieved
1293:
1281:
1262:
1243:February 19,
1241:. Retrieved
1200:. Retrieved
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1164:
1132:. Retrieved
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1071:
1063:
1044:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
990:
984:
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944:
925:
919:
907:. Retrieved
878:. Retrieved
873:
869:
860:
848:. Retrieved
823:. Retrieved
810:
793:
785:
780:Regeneration
779:
771:
763:
755:
749:The Love Bug
747:
739:
729:Chris Lesley
679:
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533:Regeneration
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453:Regeneration
452:
448:
442:
439:The Love Bug
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303:silent films
290:
286:
285:
64:Jacksonville
26:
2345:Ward Street
2335:King Street
2302:Five Points
2293:Squares and
2255:Klutho Park
1939:Skyscrapers
1839:The Carling
1802:The Avenues
1413:Hart Bridge
1300:November 3,
1202:January 14,
1134:January 14,
1111:January 14,
1028:January 14,
909:January 14,
880:November 3,
850:November 3,
825:November 3,
653:Rediscovery
492:Bill Picket
424:Poster for
393:The Wrecker
378:The Wrecker
295:film studio
233: /
209:Coordinates
48:Established
2370:Categories
2280:Treaty Oak
2250:Hanna Park
1894:Marabanong
1595:Government
1376:structures
1272:0813032431
1087:0876149786
1054:1561643858
803:References
795:Black Gold
537:Anna Belle
496:Anita Bush
463:Black Gold
415:race films
409:Race films
305:featuring
255:, 16000857
221:81°35′37″W
218:30°20′02″N
2047:Transport
1742:Retailing
1607:City Hall
1503:UNF Arena
1366:landmarks
638:Joe Louis
402:Love Bug,
60:Arlington
2006:Military
1816:Historic
1523:Theatres
1154:Archived
634:Pure Oil
371:Born in
253:14001084
199:Location
56:Location
2357:italics
2327:Streets
1642:Museums
1443:Cinemas
1385:Bridges
1179:May 10,
345:History
88:Website
68:Florida
1435:venues
1269:
1084:
1051:
997:
957:
932:
798:(1928)
790:(1926)
782:(1923)
776:(1922)
768:(1921)
760:(1919)
752:(1919)
744:(1915)
567:(1926)
2149:Parks
2088:Other
1565:Other
1290:(PDF)
2243:City
1302:2016
1267:ISBN
1245:2004
1204:2014
1181:2012
1136:2014
1113:2014
1082:ISBN
1049:ISBN
1030:2014
995:ISBN
955:ISBN
930:ISBN
911:2014
882:2016
852:2016
827:2015
400:and
380:and
82:Film
78:Type
51:1920
297:in
248:No.
2372::
1292:.
1253:^
1228:^
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1172:.
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1080:.
1078:62
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818:.
684:.
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70:,
66:,
62:,
1355:e
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1090:.
1057:.
1032:.
1003:.
963:.
938:.
913:.
884:.
874:1
854:.
829:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
