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326:, where there were already integrated public schools. Greener dropped out in 1855 to financially support his mother working as a clerk and office boy at various businesses. However, he continued to educate himself. He attended meetings and lectures held by anti-slavery and women's rights activists, including Frederick Douglass, whose lectures he attended at every opportunity. Through contacts with employers and activists, he was provided access to private libraries and book collections.
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ability, and good character, a position of which he may well feel proud. He was awarded last year, at
Harvard College, the prize for reading, and this year he has drilled two young white men who have likewise obtained prizes in the same branch. His course at Harvard has throughout been honorable. He is the first colored youth who has ever passed through that college.
366:
Richard
Theodore Greener, a young colored man and a member of the senior class of Harvard College, is giving public readings in Philadelphia. Mr. Greener's history is that of a persevering young man who has succeeded in living down the prejudices against his race and color, and attaining by industry,
498:
In 1883, Greener and
Frederick Douglass conducted a heated debate. Greener and the rising generation of Black leaders advocated moving away from political parties and white allies, while Douglass denounced them as "croakers." Greener, who nonetheless still respected Douglass's achievements, helped
515:
laws spread in the South. Greener joined younger Black leaders in questioning
Douglass, who remained loyal to the Republican Party that had first fought for Black freedom but then abandoned the cause. Douglass accused Greener of writing anonymous attacks motivated by "ambition and jealousy" that
430:
He also served as a librarian there helping to "reorganize and catalog the library's holdings which were in disarray after the Civil War" and wrote a monograph on the rare books of the library. His responsibilities included assisting in the departments of Latin and Greek and teaching classes in
602:
Greener separated from his wife upon learning that she listed their family as white on the census. This would harm all of the work he was doing in his fight for civil rights. After his posting to
Vladivostok he took a Japanese common-law wife, Mishi Kawashima, with whom he had three children.
516:
charged the older leader with "trading off the colored vote of the country for office." Greener wrote that there were two
Douglasses, "the one velvety, deprecatory, apologetic — the other insinuating, suggestive damning with shrug, a raised eyebrow, or a look of caution."
255:, the primary academic society for classical studies in North America. In 1876, he was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of South Carolina, and the following year he was also admitted to the Bar of the District of Columbia. He went on to serve as
317:
in 1853, where Black children were unable to attend public school; the
Massachusetts legislature did not prohibit school segregation until 1855. Only months after moving to Boston, Greener's father Richard Wesley left to participate in the
526:
Just as
Greener opposed Douglass, he was on the Washington side of the growing split in the African American world. On the one side was accommodationist, and therefore politically powerful and adequately funded,
638:
with relatives. He held a job as an agent for an insurance company, practiced law, and occasionally lectured on his life and times. He died of natural causes in
Chicago on May 2, 1922, aged 78. He was buried at
523:. From 1885 to 1890, he was chief examiner of the civil service board for New York City and County. In the 1896 election, he served as the head of the Colored Bureau of the Republican Party in Chicago.
606:
Though they never divorced, Fleet and her daughters changed their name to "Greene" to disassociate themselves from him so that no one would know that they were
African American. One of his daughters,
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both grant annual scholarships in Greener's name. Phillips Academy also named a central quadrangle after Greener in 2018, the same year the University of South Carolina honored him with a statue.
519:
From 1885 to 1892, Greener served as secretary of the Grant Monument Association, where he led the initial fundraising effort that brought in donations from 90,000 people worldwide to construct
1219:
Anderson, Christian K. and Jason C. Darby (2021). “Richard T. Greener at the Reconstruction-era University: Professor, Librarian, and Student.” In Robert Greene II and Tyler D. Parry (Eds.),
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that Fall, where he earned a bachelor's degree in 1870. His admission to Harvard was "an experiment" by the administration and paved the way for many more Black Harvard graduates.
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Charles Sumner, the Idealist, Statesman and Scholar: An Address, Delivered on Public Day, June 29, 1874, at the Request of the Faculty of the University of South Carolina
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Greener graduated from the law school at the University of South Carolina and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of South Carolina on December 20, 1876.
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in a court of inquiry in April and May 1880 where Towsend and Greener successfully gained Whittaker release and the granting of a court-martial. Greener assisted
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On February 21, 2018, a nine-foot statue of Greener was unveiled at the University of South Carolina. It stands in front of the Thomas Cooper Library.
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In 2009, some of his personal papers were discovered in the attic of an abandoned home on the south side of Chicago by a member of a demolition crew.
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337:), with the financial support of his employer August Batchelder. He studied for two years but did not finish. Instead, he finished his last year at
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539:, and their followers, who insisted that under the Constitution they had rights and that those rights should be respected. From it were born the
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453:. Greener moved to Washington and was admitted to the Bar of the District of Columbia on April 14, 1877. He took a position as a professor at
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863:. The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science. 132nd Series (2017). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
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Horn, Chris (February 12, 2018). "Larger than life: New statue of Richard T. Greener celebrates a forgotten chapter in USC's history".
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234:. He broke ground as Harvard College's first Black graduate in 1870. Within three years, he had also graduated from law school at the
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famine sufferers. Liberia's Monrovia College awarded him an honorary Doctorate of Law in 1882, as did Howard University in 1907.
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492:. In 1875, Greener was appointed by the South Carolina Assembly to a commission to revise the South Carolina school system.
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Almanac of African American Heritage: a book of lists featuring people, places, times, and events that shaped Black culture
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and never returned. After being homeschooled his first year in Boston, Greener enrolled at Broadway Grammar School in
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organize a major convention to present Black grievances to the nation. Decades had passed since the Civil War, the
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From 1880 until February 28, 1882, Greener served as a law clerk of the Comptroller of the United States Treasury.
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https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1501183&site=eds-live&scope=site
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of Chicago in the early 21st century. A great deal of discussion surrounds where the papers should be archived.
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Along with having accomplished many African-American firsts, Greener earned several awards in his lifetime.
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was named in honor of Greener in 2018. The University of South Carolina erected a statue of Greener.
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of America and was president of the South Carolina Republican Association in 1887 and was active in
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In June 1877, following the end of Reconstruction in South Carolina, the university was closed by
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In October 1873, Greener accepted the professorship of mental and moral philosophy at the
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painted a portrait of Greener, which is on display at the University of South Carolina.
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On September 24, 1874, Greener married Genevieve Ida Fleet, and they had six children.
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1221:
Invisible No More: The African American Experience at the University of South Carolina
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975:"'Richard Theodore Greener: The idealist, statesman, scholar and South Carolinian'"
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His Harvard diploma and other personal papers were rediscovered in an attic in the
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After leaving the Sumner School, Greener briefly took a job as associate editor of
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Uncompromising Activist : Richard Greener, First Black Graduate of Harvard College
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384:, who was shot in a riot. From January 1 to July 1, 1873, he was principal of the
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Uncompromising Activist: Richard Greener, First Black Graduate of Harvard College
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In 1875, Greener became the first African American to be elected a member of the
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In 1898, he became America's first Black diplomat to a white country, serving in
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547:. Greener was so closely allied with Washington that Washington sent him to the
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267:
1391:
Richard Theodore Greener: The Idealist, Statesman, Scholar and South Carolinian
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Chaddock, Katherine Reynolds, "Ulysses S. Grant: A Monumental Undertaking", in
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He also worked on a number of famous legal cases. He was associate counsel of
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1093:, edited by Brian Matthew Jordan and Jonathan W. White. Athens, Georgia: The
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Miles, Johnnie H.; J. J. Davis; S. E. Ferguson-Roberts; R. G. Giles (2001).
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in 1900; older version is in Simmons, William J., and Henry McNeal Turner,
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438:, the primary academic society for classical studies in North America.
427:, where he was the university's first African-American faculty member.
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in Philadelphia from September 1870 until December 1872. He succeeded
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scholar, excelling in elocution, philosophy, law and classics in the
1091:
Final Resting Places: Reflections on the Meaning of Civil War Graves
511:, but these advances had been rolled back or left unenforced, while
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After graduating from Harvard, Greener served as a principal at the
1223:(pp. 51–72). Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.
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In 1902, the Chinese government honored him for his service to the
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587:. He successfully served as an American representative during the
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251:
In 1875, Greener became the first African American elected to the
457:
and served as dean from 1878 to 1880, succeeding John H. Cooke.
747:"'It gives me gooseflesh': Remarkable find in South Side attic"
579:. Soon he accepted a post as United States Commercial Agent in
274:. He went on to serve as an American representative during the
1339:
892:"Richard T. Greener: 1st Black Graduate of Harvard University"
1025:
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From 1876 to 1879, Greener represented South Carolina in the
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International Law and the Constitution of the United States.
1203:"Richard T. Greener Statue Unveiling | SGTV News4"
1189:"Statue in honor of Richard T. Greener unveiled at USC"
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In 1902, the Chinese government decorated him with the
1330:"Discovery Sparks Interest In Forgotten Black Scholar"
1075:
National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of Interior (2012).
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329:In 1862, he attended the Preparatory Department at
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699:both grant annual scholarships in Greener's name.
551:with the explicit charge of spying and reporting.
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775:"Black Scholar's Post-Civil War Diploma Survives"
476:in Whittaker's defense during the court-martial.
1139:, G. M. Rewell & Company, 1887, pp. 327-335.
1004:"A legal and political advisor, Richard Greener"
968:
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1079:(372-849/90989 ed.). Washington, DC: GPO.
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814:Simmons, William J., and Henry McNeal Turner,
1470:Phillips Academy quad to be named for Greener
818:, GM Rewell & Company, 1887, pp. 327–335.
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1393:(Ph. D. Thesis/dissertation). Columbia, SC:
1137:Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising
816:Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising
567:In 1898, Greener was appointed by President
413:National Encyclopedia for American Biography
362:mentioned in an article on August 16, 1869:
1231:(2nd ed.). New York: Checkmark Books.
278:, but left the diplomatic service in 1905.
1422:Dafina Imprint, Kessington Publishing Corp
894:. The Black Scholars Index. Archived from
411:. He was also an associate editor for the
31:
20:
1229:Encyclopedia of African-American heritage
591:but left the diplomatic service in 1905.
464:in the defense of Samuel L. Perry and of
558:
1585:Burials at Graceland Cemetery (Chicago)
1560:19th-century African-American academics
728:
691:in 1882 and Howard University in 1907.
313:, in 1844. He moved with his family to
1308:Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom
1263:
1252:
1227:Altman, Susan; Joel Kemelhor (2001) .
1062:
1050:
839:"A Brief Biography of Richard Greener"
773:Schafer, Susan A. (October 15, 2013).
1570:20th-century African-American lawyers
1275:Chaddock, Katherine Reynolds (2017).
947:"Statue to Honor 1st Black Professor"
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630:Greener's grave at Graceland Cemetery
503:, and years since the passage of the
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407:in April 1873, working under editor
1414:Potter, Joan (November 24, 2009) .
921:"Richard T. Greener Endowment Fund"
890:Hatley, Leshell (August 26, 2010).
859:Katherine Reynolds Chaddock. 2017.
610:, became the personal librarian to
1420:(Revised ed.). New York, NY:
1310:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
388:, a colored preparatory school in
341:and graduated in 1865. He entered
244:, a newspaper owned and edited by
14:
945:Wilks, Avery (January 29, 2017).
436:American Philological Association
253:American Philological Association
1389:Robert Mounter, Michael (2002).
1176:The University of South Carolina
973:Mounter, Michael Robert (2002).
923:. My Carolina Alumni Association
348:While at Harvard, he earned the
333:(the department functioned as a
209:
1600:19th-century American diplomats
1595:20th-century American diplomats
1565:19th-century American academics
1495:African-American legal scholars
745:Janssen, Kim (March 11, 2012).
261:Howard University School of Law
1510:Librarians from South Carolina
1281:Johns Hopkins University Press
1178:. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
841:. University of South Carolina
1:
1590:Diplomats from South Carolina
1490:Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
563:Richard T. Greener circa 1887
226:(1844–1922) was a pioneering
1550:New York (state) Republicans
1395:University of South Carolina
1030:University of South Carolina
697:University of South Carolina
455:Howard University Law School
425:University of South Carolina
419:University of South Carolina
305:Richard Greener was born in
295:University of South Carolina
236:University of South Carolina
181:University of South Carolina
1515:African-American librarians
1112:South Carolina Encyclopedia
1108:"Greener, Richard Theodore"
1095:University of Georgia Press
1006:. African American Registry
687:, from Monrovia College in
480:Public service and activism
378:Institute for Colored Youth
1616:
1545:South Carolina Republicans
1465:Richard T. Greener Website
709:The central quadrangle at
670:Order of the Double Dragon
335:College-preparatory school
100:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1525:Howard University faculty
1306:Blight, David W. (2018).
837:Mounter, Michael Robert.
683:He received two honorary
549:Second Niagara Conference
501:Emancipation Proclamation
470:Johnson Chesnut Whittaker
217:
77:
51:
39:
30:
474:Daniel Henry Chamberlain
359:Rochester Daily Democrat
324:Cambridge, Massachusetts
301:Early life and education
285:, and his assistance to
224:Richard Theodore Greener
172:Phillips Academy Andover
25:Richard Theodore Greener
1540:Phillips Academy alumni
1505:American legal scholars
1452:(subscription required)
1417:African American Firsts
1151:"Belle da Costa Greene"
672:for his service to the
1535:Oberlin College alumni
1530:Harvard College alumni
1485:South Carolina lawyers
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392:In 1874, he published
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1335:All Things Considered
661:
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608:Belle da Costa Greene
571:as General Consul at
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364:
154:Belle da Costa Greene
1555:Illinois Republicans
1454:for electronic book.
1362:. Paramus, NJ, USA:
1133:The Colored American
1026:"Richard T. Greener"
898:on December 27, 2010
622:Later life and death
543:, and from them the
531:. On the other were
529:Booker T. Washington
509:Fifteenth Amendments
404:The New National Era
320:California gold rush
1364:Prentice Hall Press
1065:, pp. 640–643.
1032:. November 23, 2013
704:Larry Francis Lebby
634:Greener settled in
541:Niagara Conferences
169:(did not graduate)
1520:American diplomats
1500:Classics educators
1338:. Washington, DC:
1328:(April 23, 2012).
1149:Kuiper, Kathleen.
777:. Associated Press
757:on March 13, 2012.
685:Doctorates of Laws
680:famine sufferers.
676:and assistance to
663:
641:Graceland Cemetery
632:
589:Russo-Japanese War
565:
468:in the defense of
466:Martin I. Townsend
462:Jeremiah M. Wilson
409:Frederick Douglass
386:Sumner High School
276:Russo-Japanese War
246:Frederick Douglass
232:Reconstruction era
176:Harvard University
126:Graceland Cemetery
1262:Missing or empty
1255:cite encyclopedia
751:Chicago Sun-Times
442:Howard Law School
382:Octavius V. Catto
356:twice, which the
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116:Chicago, Illinois
46:Howard Law School
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1575:1844 births
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949:. The State
581:Vladivostok
490:freemasonry
268:Vladivostok
132:Nationality
109:May 2, 1922
1479:Categories
723:References
648:South Side
505:Fourteenth
188:Profession
162:Alma mater
144:Republican
93:1844-01-30
1445:April 23,
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513:Jim Crow
293:and the
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1436:OCLC
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