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940:. Few, if any, general elections or other democratic functions would exist until 1802. Thus, in the year 1788, Varick was simultaneously the Recorder of New York City, a State Assemblyman representing New York City, the Speaker of the House of the State of New York, and the Attorney General of the State of New York. Though Varick is on record protesting the egregious nature of his occupying multiple offices, it was rationalized at the time that as both an expert administrator and lawyer, he was an ideal choice to fill these myriad offices and to build swiftly the various mechanisms of government. And, that the subsequent laws were codified quickly in the nascent days of an independent New York City and State to ensure the function, and growth, of both entities.
713:, which would lead to the two working together for the rest of their careers, and lives. This relationship began in 1781 when Washington petitioned the Continental Congress to establish team of writers to record and preserve all of his, and the army's, papers, planning, and correspondence for use by future generations. This would be under the supervision “of a Man of character in whom entire confidence can be placed”. Washington appointed Varick in this role, which made use of his highly respected administrative skills, and would fully rehabilitate his name after the Arnold scandal. Establishing his office at
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represented by Thomas
Jefferson. In 1797, after losing his seat representing New York State in the U.S. Senate, Aaron Burr took control of Tammany Hall and used it to assail Varick for his use of marketing and tax-licensing fees. Burr would win the state's electoral vote in the 1800 presidential election leading to a wide sweeping rout of Federalist politicians across New York, including Varick in 1801.
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635:, who had briefly served at Washington's aide-de-camp, was accused by Schuyler of looting a private home on the frontier. After denying the charges, White barged into Varick's offices and challenged him to a duel, under the impression that Varick had spoken negatively to his character. Varick, unarmed, narrowly escaped White's attempt to murder him after Varick declined the challenge.
546:. Varick clerked for Scott during his education and after being admitted into the New York Bar in October 1774, Scott made him an offer to be a partner in his firm. Unusually, Varick had not yet graduated from King's College despite having passed the bar and never formally graduated. Later in his career, Varick would become a trustee of King's College for over thirty years.
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In 1791, the major financial crisis would hit the United States in New York due to a scheme to manipulate the financial markets, which had no formal structure of any kind. Varick would have to increase officers to protect the guilty parties from mobs gathering outside the prison. This would lead to a
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By the summer of 1776, Schuyler had been felled by multiple illnesses and was reeling from a series of losses on the battlefield. Varick, by this juncture, in part out of necessity, and in part by appointment, was performing three jobs at once: private secretary to
Schuyler, quartermaster for all the
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As originally provisioned by
Congress, the stated duties by General Washington to Colonel Varick as Recording Secretary would include categorizing, transcribing, and assembling all Washington's papers. The resulting 44 letterbooks contain copies of all documents dating from May, 1775 to June, 1785.
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I take this first opportunity of signifying my entire approbation of the manner in which you have executed the important duties of recording secretary; and the satisfaction I feel in having my papers so properly arranged, and so correctly recorded; and beg you will accept my thanks for the care and
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Varick briefly resumed his law in private practice, which proved challenging in his politically volatile hometown of New York City—which was under occupation by the enemy. In August 1780, Benedict Arnold approached Varick about joining his staff at his newly appointed position as commanding officer
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In the summer of 1793 a yellow fever epidemic sent New
Yorkers "fleeing north" to nearby healthful Greenwich Village. This epidemic would lead to the creation of what would become the New York City Department of Health. This was timely as there were further epidemics in 1795, 1796, 1798, 1799, and
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Varick would peak politically as the Mayor of New York City for twelve years during the formative post-Independence era from 1789 to 1801. While Mayor, he would continue his establishment of the technocratic structure that would ensure New York City's place as the commercial capital of the United
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That
Lieutenant Colonel Varick’s conduct with respect to the base Peculations and Treasonable Practices of the late General Arnold is not only unimpeachable but think him entitled (throughout every part of his conduct) to a degree of Merit that does him great honor as an Officer and particularly
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In 1816, Colonel Varick purchased lots on the north side of Essex Street and built
Prospect Hall overlooking the Hudson River. The property was landscaped with lawns and gardens to the waterfront. Varick would become the figurehead of the continuing development of Jersey City, inviting luminary
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candidates. “This went completely contrary to the egalitarian sentiment of the time,” Dr. Hodges said. Varick's heavy-handed ways, Dr. Hodges said, pushed many of the workers away from the
Federalists, represented by Alexander Hamilton, and into the opposing Democratic-Republican faction,
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Varick would quietly and capably continue in his role as the
Northern Army's deputy muster master general, though not as Gates' aide-de-camp or private secretary, until January 12, 1780, when the department was abolished by the Continental Congress in a larger reorganization.
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Varick would also be responsible for maintaining the legacy of George
Washington. From 1790 to 1836, celebrations of Washington's birthday in the City included Tammany Hall dinners, Washington Benevolent Society parades, and an intimate open house held each February 22 by
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attention which you have given to this business and beg you be persuaded, that I shall take pleasure in asserting on every occasion, the sense of entertainment of the fidelity, skill and indefatigable industry manifested by you in the performance of your public duties
393:(March 15, 1753 – July 30, 1831) was an American lawyer, military officer, and politician who has been referred to as "The Forgotten Founding Father." A major figure in the development of post-Independence New York City and the state of New York, Varick became the
624:. With a dearth of available ships, the armada was largely built from scratch by Varick who solved the crisis by contacting his wide network in New York City and the surrounding area to send materials and coastal men who were qualified for such work. While the
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1458:"Relates to General Richard Montgomery | Letter from Richard Varick to DeWitt Clinton, Governor of New York, requesting repayment of cash he has advanced for expenditures relating to the Internment of the Remains of the late General Montgomery | The Met"
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in August 1777 and replaced by
General Gates. With factionalism rife within the Northern Army, Varick was aligned with Arnold which pitted him against Gates, whom he disliked regardless. Varick and Arnolds circle of friendship had also grown to include
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Little is known about the specifics of Varick's education before university, though surviving letters indicate that he was educated by private tutors and studied Latin, French, and other subjects. He enrolled in King's College (the original name of
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Varick and his wife initially resided at 52 Wall Street, then moved to a larger home on lower Broadway. They also owned a home at 11 Pearl Street in Lower Manhattan. Their final home was Prospect Hall on Essex Street in Jersey City, New Jersey.
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It was thought that Scott, understanding the administrative and intellectual value of his young partner, secured the appointment. Varick departed New York City with Schuyler on July 4, 1775, to head north to
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Varick ran into more trouble when he tried to pressure the city's 1,000 or so licensed workers — tavern keepers, grocers, butchers and cartmen, all of whom had licenses to work for the city — to vote for
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States, despite the political capital moving to Philadelphia, then Washington D.C. At this time in history, there was no precedent of commercial and political leadership split between two cities.
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858:. The Society has three goals: "To preserve the rights so dearly won; to promote the continuing union of the states; and to assist members in need, their widows, and their orphans."
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northern forts held by the Continental Army, and the Northern Army's deputy muster master general. Laterally, actual battlefield commands had been outsourced to Arnold and General
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572:. The portrait shows Varick in his Continental Army officers uniform although he retired his commission in 1783. The blue decoration is that of the Society of the Cincinnati.
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began. At the influence of his employer, John Morin Scott, Varick suspended his studies and enlisted in the militia. On June 28, 1775, he was appointed captain of the
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which was the first democratic body in the history of the United States (1641). Varick's maternal grandfather was a colonel in the Continental Army whose house, the
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was founded of which Varick was an original member and president of the New York chapter from 1783 until his death in 1831. Membership was generally limited to
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reported that Richard Varick is on the list of New York City mayors, composed by Sarah Cate Wolfson, a high school student in New York City, who owned slaves.
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and launch the campaign to drive the British out of Canada. En route, the traveling party stopped in Albany briefly where Varick would first meet General
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to visit while touring America in 1824 for special Fourth of July celebrations. Varick would live at Prospect Hall until he died on July 30, 1831.
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755:. The value of these documents has been noted throughout their lifetime as invaluable to the understanding of the formation of the United States.
459:. The value of these documents has been noted throughout their lifetime as invaluable to the understanding of the formation of the United States.
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were purchased by the company with the titles owned by Varick and his two cousins, Anthony Dey, a prominent attorney and major land owner, and
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Varick was one of seven children, his siblings being: Abraham Varick (the great-grandfather of Anna Maria Romeyn Varick, who married
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ended in defeat for the navy, it succeeded in slowing the British advance for the winter as they retreaded to their Canadian bases.
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Richard Varick : A Forgotten Founding Father : revolutionary war soldier, Federalist politician, mayor of New York
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from 1784 to 1789. An office that no longer exists, it is equatable to 'Chief Legal Officer.' In this office, along with
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group of merchants making the "Buttonwood Agreement” in 1792 which was the seed of the New York Stock Exchange.
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in the early to mid 17th century and remained in the greater New York City area. Amongst Varick's ancestors are
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After he retired from his service in the Continental Army, Varick would remain in service as a colonel in the
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In 1794, public anger at Federalist political ideals spilled into the streets with Varick's support of the
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Within three months, Arnold's treason was discovered and he fled to British territory. Varick, along with
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In 1804, Varick, who was out of office and politically unpopular in New York City, joined his friend
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from 1784 to 1789. An office that no longer exists, it equates to 'Chief Legal Officer'. Along with
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The Documentary History of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1789-1800: Suits against states
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Varick also faced run-ins with fellow officers who were not part of Schuyler's faction. General
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1323:"Asked to help, Post readers sent searing evidence about dozens more enslavers in Congress"
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and after only three days as field officer, was appointed military secretary under General
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to create the Associates of the Jersey Company which would lay the groundwork for modern
721:. Varick served under Washington solely until Washington retired his commission in 1783.
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That same summer, Arnold was planning his attack effort to stop the British advance down
416:(2 vols., 1789). This body of work laid the legal groundwork for Varick to institute the
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or after war heroes (Grove, Varick, Mercer, Wayne, Monmouth and Montgomery among them).
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who, like Varick and Hamilton, had been swept out of power in the election of 1800 by
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from 1786 to 1788. During his term as a member of the New York State Assembly, he was
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during his terms as mayor. Additionally, under his leadership, the progenitors of the
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After the disastrous loss of Fort Ticonderoga, Schuyler was removed from duty by the
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Upon completing the assigned duties after years of work, General Washington wrote:
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through private development. The consortium behind the company were predominantly
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Categories of papers, records, and correspondence are organized as follows;
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521:.); Dr. John Varick Jr.; Anne Elting; Sarah Froeligh; Jane De Witt (wife of
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American Reference Library: Encyclopedic dictionary of American Reference
1261:"Guide to the Papers of Richard Varick 1743-1871 (Bulk 1775-1830) MS 655"
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101:
1655:"Associates of the Jersey Company, 1804 Jersey City's Founding Fathers"
510:, which would go on to play a pivotal role in the American Revolution.
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Varick died on July 30, 1831, at Prospect Hall and is interred at the
894:, he codified New York State's first statutes after Revolution in the
1706:
Spreading the Word: The Bible Business in Nineteenth-century America
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839:. The first meeting of the Society was held in May at a dinner at
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651:. Their camaraderie was rudely defined as "The New York Gang" by
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in 1789 and served eleven consecutive one-year terms until 1801.
987:. An angry mob would almost physically run him out of the city.
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in what would be one of the first battles in the history of the
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2009:
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during the sessions of 1787 and 1788. Varick was appointed the
898:(2 vols., 1789). This body of work laid the foundation for the
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Continental Army Council Proceedings (War Council Proceedings)
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lead to an even closer friendship between Arnold and Varick.
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A by-product of the above was the introduction of Varick to
408:, Varick codified New York State's first statutes after the
967:
Signature of Richard Varick while Mayor of New York (1798)
819:
List of original members of the Society of the Cincinnati
478:, where he was chairman of the board from 1810 to 1816.
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New York (state) militiamen in the American Revolution
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Eight months into his career in private practice, the
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People of New York (state) in the American Revolution
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in 1816. He would later become president (succeeding
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Recorder and Attorney General of New York (1784–1789)
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distinguishes him as a sincere Friend to his Country…
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Previous to his terms as mayor, Varick served as the
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American politician and military officer (1753–1831)
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4139:Burials at First Reformed Dutch Church, Hackensack
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1601:"John Jay and the Yellow Fever Epidemics (Part 1)"
913:Concurrently to the above, he was a member of the
1787:"Downtown Street Names and the Stories They Tell"
780:Foreign Officers and Subjects of Foreign Nations
560:Service under General Schuyler and Northern Army
4134:People of New Jersey in the American Revolution
4084:Continental Army officers from New York (state)
873:- March 18, 1836), at her John Street grocery.
216:February 20, 1784 – September 29, 1789
680:(then an active military installation) as his
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1493:. New York Free Press. 1889. pp. 113–114
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1093:He and his wife Maria Roosevelt, daughter of
932:Remarkably, due to the elitist nature of the
851:. The meeting was chaired by Varick's friend
174:January 12, 1787 – December 10, 1788
64:October 12, 1789 – December 31, 1801
8:
1752:. Press of J.B. Burr & Company. p.
751:The Varick Transcripts are deposited in the
1681:Richard Varick: A Forgotten Founding Father
831:who had served at least three years in the
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2014:
2006:
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162:6th Speaker of the New York State Assembly
122:May 14, 1788 – September 29, 1789
31:
20:
1316:
1314:
1818:"The Dutch roots of Ithaca's Dey Street"
1321:Zauzmer Weil, Julie (15 February 2022).
770:Continental and State Military Personnel
4129:Politicians from Hackensack, New Jersey
4114:Speakers of the New York State Assembly
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3223:June 12, 1665 – December 31, 1897
2037:Speakers of the New York State Assembly
1562:Marcus, Maeva; Perry, James R. (1985).
1218:
4069:Members of the New York State Assembly
1902:Speaker of the New York State Assembly
1067:Founding of the American Bible Society
4059:Military personnel from New York City
1628:"Third Term No Charm, Historians Say"
1372:George Washington's Indispensable Men
7:
1429:"Colonel Richard Varick (1753-1831)"
1403:Jameson, J. F.; Buel, J. W. (1900).
1122:First Reformed Dutch Church Cemetery
775:Civil Officials and Private Citizens
474:. He was also a longtime trustee of
291:First Reformed Dutch Church Cemetery
1746:Whittelsey, Charles Barney (1902).
1437:Albany Institute of History and Art
1085:) in 1828 until his death in 1831.
934:New York State Constitution of 1777
785:Enemy Officers and British Subjects
4109:Columbia College (New York) alumni
4104:Aides-de-camp of George Washington
1816:Longoria, Patricia (25 May 2017).
1749:The Roosevelt Genealogy, 1649-1902
1139:(where he once owned property) in
944:Mayor of New York City (1789–1801)
486:He was born on March 15, 1753, at
430:New York City Department of Health
14:
4044:19th-century American politicians
4039:18th-century American politicians
3221:from inception to consolidation (
1350:. Columbia University Press. 1917
904:New York City Administrative Code
568:Richard Varick painted c.1787 by
422:New York City Administrative Code
4119:New York State attorneys general
4099:American people of Dutch descent
4006:
3994:
3982:
3698:
1348:"Columbia Alumni News, Volume 8"
705:Service under General Washington
655:, a partisan of General Gates'.
110:2nd Attorney General of New York
1988:New York State Attorney General
1856:Richard Varick Papers,1743-1871
1239:. Amherst, MA: Modern Memoirs.
1059:friends such as Major General
927:New York State Attorney General
542:in 1771 where he studied under
4054:Politicians from New York City
1691:– via www.sunypress.edu.
1466:The Metropolitan Museum of Art
402:14th Recorder of New York City
204:15th Recorder of New York City
1:
4049:19th-century American lawyers
2695:Attorneys General of New York
1874:American Revolution Institute
1869:The Society of the Cincinnati
1776:. Accessed November 22, 2017.
867:
849:evacuation from New York City
4144:New York (state) Federalists
1077:Varick was a founder of the
663:Service under General Arnold
462:Varick was a founder of the
1859:New-York Historical Society
1269:New-York Historical Society
956:which still hangs today in
952:Richard Varick (c.1805) by
645:Henry Brockholst Livingston
395:45th Mayor of New York City
52:45th Mayor of New York City
4170:
4149:Columbia University people
3741:Recorders of New York City
1369:Lefkowitz, Arthur (2003).
1104:On February 15, 2022, the
1070:
1035:. Large tracts of land in
1008:
816:
810:
588:who was in command of the
578:American Revolutionary War
555:American Revolutionary War
445:American Revolutionary War
379:American Revolutionary War
3747:
3696:
3230:
3178:
2701:
2043:
1994:
1985:
1977:
1967:
1961:Recorder of New York City
1958:
1950:
1945:
1935:
1926:
1918:
1908:
1899:
1891:
1886:
1570:Columbia University Press
1201:Society of the Cincinnati
1099:Franklin Delano Roosevelt
888:Recorder of New York City
825:Society of the Cincinnati
813:Society of the Cincinnati
807:Society of the Cincinnati
492:Bergen County, New Jersey
464:Society of the Cincinnati
384:
244:
209:
167:
115:
57:
46:
30:
4094:New York (state) lawyers
1864:Photographs of gravesite
1823:The Poughkeepsie Journal
1712:Cornell University Press
1487:"Writings of Washington"
1191:History of New York City
626:Battle of Valcour Island
496:Dutch West India Company
455:, which now live in the
4124:New York City Recorders
4064:Mayors of New York City
3219:Mayors of New York City
1702:Wosh, Peter J. (1994).
1433:www.albanyinstitute.org
1206:Mayors of New York City
1005:Founding of Jersey City
915:New York State Assembly
800:Personal Correspondence
684:and inspector-general.
434:New York Stock Exchange
280:Jersey City, New Jersey
277:July 30, 1831 (aged 78)
1929:Mayor of New York City
1233:Cushman, Paul (2010).
1126:Hackensack, New Jersey
1079:American Bible Society
1073:American Bible Society
1055:
1033:Democratic-Republicans
968:
960:
938:Council of Appointment
908:Rules of New York City
746:The Varick Transcripts
739:New York State Militia
735:
702:
672:
573:
525:); and Maria Gilbert.
519:Lauder Greenway Family
468:American Bible Society
426:Rules of New York City
351:New York State Militia
295:Hackensack, New Jersey
264:Province of New Jersey
37:Portrait of Varick by
4154:American slave owners
1626:Chan, Sewell (2008).
1607:. Columbia University
1155:, all bear his name.
1054:Prospect Hall in 1812
1053:
966:
951:
847:, before the British
843:(Verplanck House) in
726:
693:
670:
582:1st New York Regiment
567:
504:Council of Twelve Men
482:Early life and family
357:Years of service
1542:www.encyclopedia.com
1517:www.encyclopedia.com
1298:www.encyclopedia.com
1292:Michael Bellesiles.
1061:Marquis de Lafayette
765:Continental Congress
640:Continental Congress
633:Anthony Walton White
500:Joris Jansen Rapelje
1879:Political Graveyard
1851:Library of Congress
1791:LowerManhattan.info
1375:. Stackpole Books.
1147:, Varick Street in
1000:Post-Political Life
929:from 1788 to 1789.
753:Library of Congress
536:Columbia University
476:Columbia University
457:Library of Congress
447:, Varick served as
410:American Revolution
1887:Political offices
1848:Varick Transcripts
1659:njcu.libguides.com
1409:. American Society
1176:Alexander Hamilton
1151:, and the Town of
1056:
1017:Alexander Hamilton
969:
961:
958:New York City Hall
856:Alexander Hamilton
853:Lieutenant Colonel
845:Fishkill, New York
719:Varick Transcripts
673:
574:
502:, a member of the
453:Varick Transcripts
3970:
3969:
3707:
3706:
3185:
3184:
2661:
2660:
2004:
2003:
1995:Succeeded by
1968:Succeeded by
1939:Edward Livingston
1936:Succeeded by
1909:Succeeded by
1246:978-0-9772337-6-2
1186:Revolutionary War
1166:George Washington
711:George Washington
449:George Washington
388:
387:
87:Edward Livingston
4161:
4011:
4010:
4009:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3978:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3711:
3702:
3395:J. Van Cortlandt
3380:J. Van Cortlandt
3315:S. Van Cortlandt
3280:S. Van Cortlandt
3212:
3205:
3198:
3189:
3171:
3164:
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3101:
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2863:
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2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2665:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2007:
1978:Preceded by
1951:Preceded by
1919:Preceded by
1912:John Lansing Jr.
1895:John Lansing Jr.
1892:Preceded by
1884:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1797:on 13 March 2013
1793:. Archived from
1783:
1777:
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1765:
1764:
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1538:"Richard Varick"
1534:
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1513:"Richard Varick"
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1294:"Richard Varick"
1289:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1230:
1153:Varick, New York
1145:City of New York
1116:Death and burial
1029:Thomas Jefferson
896:Laws of New York
877:Political career
872:
869:
833:Continental Army
649:Matthew Clarkson
595:Fort Ticonderoga
544:John Morin Scott
414:Laws of New York
347:Continental Army
328:Military service
249:Personal details
235:
223:
214:
197:John Lansing Jr.
193:
185:John Lansing Jr.
181:
172:
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120:
83:
71:
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35:
21:
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1983:
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1932:
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1774:NorthJersey.com
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1491:www.archive.org
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1327:Washington Post
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1171:Benedict Arnold
1161:
1134:
1118:
1106:Washington Post
1095:Isaac Roosevelt
1091:
1075:
1069:
1045:Lower Manhattan
1013:
1007:
1002:
946:
919:New York County
900:Law of New York
886:Varick was the
884:
879:
870:
821:
815:
809:
804:
749:
747:
707:
671:Benedict Arnold
665:
653:James Wilkinson
599:Benedict Arnold
586:Philip Schuyler
562:
557:
552:
550:Military career
531:
484:
440:New York City.
418:Law of New York
349:
323:Maria Roosevelt
310:Political party
278:
268:British America
258:
233:
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4013:New York State
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3827:S. Jones Sr.
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3300:Van Steenwyk
3250:Van Steenwyk
3155:Schneiderman
2847:J. Van Buren
2798:M. Van Buren
2713:
2475:C. Patterson
2273:G. Patterson
2072:
1986:
1971:Samuel Jones
1959:
1927:
1900:
1827:. Retrieved
1821:
1811:
1799:. Retrieved
1795:the original
1790:
1781:
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1757:. Retrieved
1748:
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1729:. Retrieved
1705:
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1685:. Retrieved
1680:
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1658:
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1631:
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1609:. Retrieved
1605:columbia.edu
1604:
1595:
1583:. Retrieved
1564:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1541:
1532:
1520:. Retrieved
1516:
1507:
1495:. Retrieved
1490:
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1461:
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1440:. Retrieved
1432:
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1405:
1398:
1386:. Retrieved
1371:
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1326:
1301:. Retrieved
1297:
1272:. Retrieved
1265:dlib.nyu.edu
1264:
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1103:
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931:
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892:Samuel Jones
885:
864:Mary Simpson
860:
841:Mount Gulian
823:In 1783 the
822:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
757:
750:
741:until 1801.
736:
729:
727:
723:
715:Poughkeepsie
708:
696:
694:
689:David Franks
686:
682:aide-de-camp
674:
657:
637:
630:
615:
603:
575:
532:
512:
485:
470:, and was a
461:
452:
442:
406:Samuel Jones
399:
390:
389:
375:Battles/wars
239:Samuel Jones
234:Succeeded by
211:
192:Succeeded by
169:
150:Succeeded by
117:
82:Succeeded by
59:
18:
4034:1831 deaths
4029:1753 births
3535:C. Lawrence
3325:J. Lawrence
3265:J. Lawrence
3057:M. E. Lewis
2952:Schoonmaker
2791:Van Vechten
2770:Van Vechten
2616:S. Steingut
2580:I. Steingut
2233:P. Robinson
1922:James Duane
1332:15 February
1196:Jersey City
1149:Jersey City
1037:Paulus Hook
1025:Federalists
1021:Jersey City
1011:Jersey City
871: 1752
508:Dey Mansion
472:slaveholder
443:During the
360:1775 - 1801
302:Nationality
222:Preceded by
180:Preceded by
138:Preceded by
104:(1795–1801)
99:(1789–1795)
75:James Duane
70:Preceded by
39:Henry Inman
4089:BNY Mellon
4023:Categories
3837:R. Harison
3797:Horsmanden
3792:F. Harison
3767:Gouverneur
3590:Westervelt
3470:M. Willett
3460:Livingston
3245:T. Willett
3235:T. Willett
2917:Martindale
2875:O. Hoffman
2742:J. Hoffman
2380:Littlejohn
2370:Littlejohn
2365:O Robinson
2360:Littlejohn
2293:Litchfield
2108:Ten Broeck
1998:Aaron Burr
1992:1788–1789
1965:1784–1789
1954:John Watts
1933:1789–1801
1906:1787–1788
1725:0801429285
1714:. p.
1547:16 October
1522:16 October
1497:16 October
1303:16 October
1213:References
1181:West Point
1132:Honorifics
1031:and other
1009:See also:
993:Federalist
985:Jay Treaty
906:, and the
817:See also:
678:West Point
570:Ralph Earl
488:Hackensack
424:, and the
333:Allegiance
314:Federalist
260:Hackensack
227:John Watts
155:Aaron Burr
41:(ca. 1831)
3989:Biography
3922:Tallmadge
3912:Tallmadge
3772:Broughton
3635:Havemeyer
3585:Kingsland
3575:Havemeyer
3560:Havemeyer
3435:Cruger Jr
3425:S. Bayard
3390:Johnstone
3385:Heathcote
3355:De Reimer
3310:N. Bayard
3305:Minvielle
3162:Underwood
3113:Lefkowitz
3099:Goldstein
2987:Rosendale
2945:Fairchild
2924:Champlain
2903:Dickinson
2861:Chatfield
2826:Beardsley
2756:Woodworth
2605:Weinstein
2575:McGinnies
2545:Wadsworth
2470:G. Sharpe
2420:Younglove
2308:Hasbrouck
2283:Chatfield
2198:P. Sharpe
2103:Verplanck
2083:Verplanck
1801:22 August
1388:1 October
1141:Manhattan
622:U.S. Navy
529:Education
212:In office
170:In office
118:In office
60:In office
3872:Van Wyck
3862:Van Wyck
3852:Van Wyck
3807:T. Jones
3787:Jamieson
3757:Pinhorne
3580:Woodhull
3520:Paulding
3510:Paulding
3495:Radcliff
3490:Ferguson
3480:Radcliff
3370:Peartree
3290:Rombouts
3285:Delavall
3275:De Mayer
3255:Delavall
3240:Delavall
3180:* acting
3085:Ward Jr.
3078:Ottinger
3050:Woodbury
3029:O'Malley
2959:Ward Sr.
2910:Cochrane
2777:Hildreth
2763:Hildreth
2735:Lawrence
2728:M. Lewis
2649:(acting)
2633:(acting)
2607:(acting)
2560:A. Smith
2425:Hitchman
2415:Hitchman
2390:Callicot
2331:(acting)
2325:(acting)
2318:Elderkin
2258:Humphrey
1664:18 April
1639:16 April
1611:17 April
1354:29 April
1159:See also
1083:John Jay
829:officers
466:and the
305:American
127:Governor
102:John Jay
93:Governor
3975:Portals
3947:Hackett
3937:Barnard
3842:Prevost
3802:Johnson
3782:Bickley
3645:Wickham
3620:Hoffman
3615:Gunther
3600:Tiemann
3485:Clinton
3475:Clinton
3465:Clinton
3445:Mathews
3430:Holland
3415:Richard
3410:Lurting
3400:Walters
3350:Provost
3340:Merritt
3320:Delanoy
3270:Dervall
3141:Spitzer
3127:Koppell
3092:Bennett
3071:Sherman
3043:Parsons
3036:Carmody
3022:Jackson
3008:Cunneen
2994:Hancock
2973:O'Brien
2966:Russell
2889:Tremain
2882:Cushing
2819:Bronson
2812:Talcott
2749:Spencer
2653:Heastie
2647:Morelle
2595:Carlino
2570:Machold
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2329:Dininny
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