1151:. The advantage of propagation by seeds is that the tree develops a strong taproot. This is important for the stability of the tree as well as for big exploration zone for water and nutrient uptake. Because njangsa is dioecious, it is difficult to identify male and female trees before the reproductive phase. Because of high genetic variability, seeds may have different characteristics compared to the parent plant. Vegetative propagation allows reproducing trees with exactly the same characteristics as the selected female tree. Njangsa can also be propagated by grafting. A shoot or bud (the scion) is united with an already established rootstock.
44:
88:
3120:
63:
1476:
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Extracting the kernel from the pulp is a time-consuming process because of their hard shape. After boiling them in water, and cooling them down, the kernels are extracted one by one with a knife or nails. Then the kernels are sun or fire dried. Njangsa is stored as seed or as kernel. If they are well
1003:
The kernel is economically the most important part of the tree. They are collected from the ground between
September and October. Njangsa trees typically produce fruit every two to three years, however some trees produce them in less than a year. Each harvest yields up to 900 fruits and an average of
936:
and because of its natural leaf litter. Burned kernel shells deliver potassium rich ash and the cake remaining after oil extraction from seeds has high nitrogen content. Both products can be used as fertilizer. Njangsa provides shade for humans, livestock and crops. Leaves can be used as fodder for
766:
The edible parts of the plant are the high nutritive contents of the kernels. The dried and ground kernels are used as a flavouring agent in some dishes in West and
Central Africa. The paste of the ground kernels is used to thicken soups and stews. Oil can be obtained from the kernels. Only a small
1233:
First fruit harvest occurs after 6 to 7 years in forests or after 3 to 4 years in managed plantations. The fruits are picked up by hand from the ground once they are ripe enough to drop from the tree (September and
October). To facilitate harvest, the ground under the tree should be cleared. Once
681:
Njangsa trees produce a fruit that are typically two or three lobed and contain two cells in which the seeds lie. These seeds are red brown to black, rounded and some 1 cm in diameter. The seeds are oily in texture and can be bought either raw or dried. They have an odour reminiscent of oily
1159:
The site should be cleared, especially if the trees are associated with other food crops. Then the young plants can be planted in planting holes separated by 10 m from each other. Before transplanting the plants, they need to spend at least six months under shade and need a minimal size of
994:
The main production area of njangsa is the humid forest zone of
Cameroon. The tree is one of the most common seedlings seen in the more open parts of the forest. Consequently, the species is abundant in new farming clearings. During these clearings, farmers kept trees from this species.
669:
The tree is fast growing and reaches a height between 20 and 50 m with a straight trunk which can have a diameter up to 2.7 m. Its crown is broad and the roots are big running. The bark is smooth with a grey colour. Inside, the bark is red when cut.
1012:
Njangsa is a new crop and only actively domesticated since 1995. The knowledge about the genetic diversity is therefore limited. Today, available information about genetic resources is so little that most improvements occur by plant breeding.
677:
plant. The flowers are yellowish white, 5 mm long and form a long terminal panicle which measures between 15 and 40 cm. Flowering time is between April and May. Male panicles are larger and slender than female flowers.
759:
1257:, Gereau, R.E., Hilton-Taylor, C., Howard, G., Kindeketa, W., Luke, W.R.Q., Maunder, M., Mwachala, G., Mwangoka, M., Ndangalasi, H., Njau, E.-F., Schatz, G.E., Siro Masinde, P. & Wilkins, V.L. (2020).
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The plants need to be watered abundantly after transplanting so that the plant can adapt to the new environment. To avoid high water losses by evaporation, a mulch layer can keep soil moisture.
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etc. Other characteristics are aphrodisiac and anti-inflammatory properties. Seed husk and latex, leaf decoction and sap are also used to treat divers illnesses.
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As long as the plant is young, weeding is very important to reduce competition for water and nutrients, so that a fast growth and development is possible.
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amount of extracted seed oil is carried out. The oil has a yellowish colour and tastes similar to groundnut oil. Because of its high content of
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1221:
can infest plants in nurseries. They are easy to detect because the leaves curl as result of an attack. These aphids can be controlled with a
1177:
The establishment and development of this fast growing tree can be improved by supplying it with enough nutrients through mineral fertilizer.
1491:
1234:
harvested, the fruits are placed on a pile for two to three weeks so that the pulp is rotting faster and the seeds can be extracted easily.
904:
The extract from the bark of the tree is used by traditional doctors as an antidote against poison because the extracts are said to contain
1352:
2637:
1508:
1418:
3728:
2629:
884:
The seeds are usually dried for use as a flavouring agent in West and
Central African food dishes. The whole seeds are pounded in a
3556:
3285:
1480:
896:, or crumbled over rice as a flavouring. The spice from the seed is also sold in African markets, rolled into sausage shapes.
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20–30 cm. After planting, a 1 m high fence of palm fronds for shade should be established for the first two weeks.
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343:
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1217:). These caterpillars are edible and are therefore not treated with chemicals but collected as source of food protein.
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1405:
1225:. Once the trees are in the field for more than two years, treatments are no more necessary because of plant vigor.
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771:, the oil is very stable and becomes rancid only slowly. This oil is interesting as cooking oil and margarine.
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1363:, Oxford, UK: Oxford Forestry Institute Department of Plant Sciences University of Oxford, archived from
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Best germination success can be observed on a mixture of river sand and forest soil with a ratio of 1:3.
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567:) was previously considered a member of this genus but has since been placed into a genus of its own.
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1357:- A State of Knowledge Study undertaken for the Central African Regional Program for the Environment
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1973:
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Müller
Argoviensis, Johannes. 1864. Flora; oder, (allgemeine) botanische Zeitung 47: 533-534
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1413:. Southampton, UK: Southampton Centre for Underutilised Crops, University of Southampton.
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125:
1460:, Southampton, UK: Southampton Centre for Underutilised Crops, University of Southampton
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17:
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1454:
Ndjanssang: Ricinodendron heudelotii, Field Manual for
Extension Workers and Farmers
945:
Oil obtained from dried kernel and ash can be used for soap and varnish production.
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2409:
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2005:
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chocolate, but their flavour is truly unique: subtly aromatic with a mild bitter
3543:
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2513:
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2414:
2222:
2150:
2110:
1968:
1844:
1567:
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No major disease are observed yet. But njangsa can be attacked by herbivores as
933:
510:
3431:
3163:
1475:
2680:
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2613:
2598:
2538:
2227:
2135:
1881:
1718:
1713:
1651:
1562:
917:
768:
733:. This tree is a light-demanding species. Therefore, it can also be found in
719:
683:
522:
450:
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2454:
2404:
2346:
2252:
2140:
2046:
2000:
1620:
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889:
738:
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686:. At maturity (August - September) the fruit smells like over-ripe apples.
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1990:
1958:
1906:
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446:
423:
first described as a genus in 1864. It includes only one known species,
138:
1330:
3522:
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958:
909:
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494:
438:
434:
3548:
3277:
457:. It produces an economically important oilseed. The tree is known as
2464:
2419:
2359:
2316:
2257:
2202:
2165:
2085:
2080:
2041:
1938:
1928:
1849:
1811:
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1741:
1615:
1603:
1593:
1218:
1093:
905:
715:
707:
674:
502:
462:
454:
430:
151:
3134:
758:
714:, and from Sudan down to the western coast of Sub-Saharan Africa to
3561:
3509:
3238:
2701:
2583:
2424:
2384:
2354:
2301:
2276:
2262:
2010:
1995:
1869:
1836:
1821:
1806:
1693:
1588:
1552:
1487:
Recipe for West
African 'Dry Rice with Fish' incorporating njangsa
969:
language of
Nigeria, both the game and the tree go by the name of
954:
893:
757:
741:. The tree is observed in food crop fields, cocoa farms and other
703:
622:
486:
442:
416:
413:
99:
3290:
1259:
Ricinodendron heudelotii. The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species
3496:
2321:
2036:
1666:
1656:
1537:
3138:
2705:
1504:
1287:
The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet;
3225:
597:
east to Sudan and Tanzania and south to Mozambique and Angola
745:
systems, where the trees can also intentionally be planted.
1238:
dried, they can be stored up to two years on a dry place.
737:, forest edges, secondary scrubs and thickets in semi-dry
698:. The native geographic location of njangsa reaches from
908:. It is also used to cure various diseases as cough,
1289:
http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-178842
762:
Njansang is widely traded in Central and West Africa
3415:
3147:
3093:
3030:
2739:
2663:
2622:
2345:
1835:
1536:
537:. Two varieties of the tree species are recognized
2474:
1143:Propagation of njangsa is possible by seeds, by
1267:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T62459A149002362.en
953:In southern Cameroon, dried seeds are used for
1308:Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
2717:
1516:
8:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
888:and the paste of ground seed is added as a
3135:
2724:
2710:
2702:
1523:
1509:
1501:
61:
42:
31:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1073:
1020:
773:
1404:Tchoundjeu, Z.; Atangana, A.R. (2006).
1247:
1407:Mdjanssang - Ricinodendron heudelotii
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
928:Presence of njangsa helps to improve
7:
3699:IUCN Red List least concern species
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
977:the seeds are used for rattles for
932:because the roots are colonized by
3739:Taxa named by Édouard Marie Heckel
3734:Taxa named by Henri Ernest Baillon
949:Social and historical implications
25:
3640:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1016790-1
1229:Harvest and postharvest treatment
3119:
3118:
2802:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1474:
86:
3369:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:15857-1
3704:Monotypic Euphorbiaceae genera
1887:Peppercorn (black/green/white)
1269:. Downloaded on 27 March 2021.
937:livestock during dry seasons.
1:
1291:(accessed 22 September 2017).
3031:Ethnic and regional cuisines
1017:Climate and soil requirement
718:. The tree is also found on
479:Democratic Republic of Congo
1699:Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)
1492:Crop of the Week: Njangsa (
725:Njangsa grows generally in
3760:
1261:2020: e.T62459A149002362.
553:in Nigeria and westwards.
3114:
1621:Coriander leaf / Cilantro
1531:Culinary herbs and spices
1351:Plenderleith, K. (1997),
1187:Pest and disease control:
659:Schinziophyton rautanenii
649:Schinziophyton rautanenii
564:Schinziophyton rautanenii
384:Ricinodendron schliebenii
370:Ricinodendron tomentellum
316:
309:
261:
257:Subspecies and varieties
256:
234:
227:
83:Scientific classification
81:
59:
50:
41:
34:
3729:Edible thickening agents
3447:Ricinodendron heudelotii
3417:Ricinodendron heudelotii
3101:List of African cuisines
2787:Central African Republic
2519:Montreal steak seasoning
1494:Ricinodendron heudelotii
1355:Ricinodendron heudelotii
817:Digestible carbohydrates
729:and is also typical for
601:Ricinodendron heudelotii
577:Ricinodendron heudelotii
571:Subspecies and varieties
426:Ricinodendron heudelotii
395:Ricinodendron heudelotii
284:Ricinodendron heudelotii
265:Ricinodendron heudelotii
238:Ricinodendron heudelotii
18:Ricinodendron heudelotii
1004:72 kg of kernels.
593:- tropical Africa from
350:Ricinodendron gracilius
340:Ricinodendron africanum
3106:List of African dishes
2475:
1145:vegetative propagation
763:
694:Njangsa is endemic to
2952:São Tomé and Príncipe
2937:Republic of the Congo
1134:Cultivation technique
761:
429:, native to tropical
2827:Eswatini (Swaziland)
2370:Beau monde seasoning
1735:Limnophila aromatica
1223:systemic insecticide
1070:Climatic requirement
875:Constituens of seeds
561:The mongongo fruit (
2494:Jamaican jerk spice
2116:Japanese pricklyash
1196:Lobobunaea phaedusa
1155:Field establishment
1085:Soil type (texture)
965:in Cameron; in the
809:Total carbohydrates
330:Jatropha heudelotii
53:Conservation status
2470:Herbes de Provence
2101:Grains of paradise
1964:Crushed red pepper
1678:Houttuynia cordata
1024:Climatic condition
764:
702:in West Africa to
220:R. heudelotii
3686:
3685:
3609:Open Tree of Life
3338:Open Tree of Life
3141:Taxon identifiers
3132:
3131:
2817:Equatorial Guinea
2740:National cuisines
2699:
2698:
2671:Chinese herbology
2549:Pumpkin pie spice
2529:Old Bay Seasoning
2489:Italian seasoning
2435:Five-spice powder
1737:(rice-paddy herb)
1580:Indian bay leaf (
1214:Imbrasia melanops
1202:Imbrasia petiveri
1126:Soil requirements
1123:
1122:
1080:Suitable habitat
1067:
1066:
886:pestle and mortar
872:
871:
749:Uses and benefits
735:deciduous forests
731:secondary forests
630:Formerly included
620:
592:
405:
404:
390:
380:
366:
360:Barrettia umbrosa
356:
346:
336:
326:
303:
280:
209:
76:
16:(Redirected from
3751:
3744:Dioecious plants
3679:
3678:
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3665:
3656:
3655:
3643:
3642:
3630:
3629:
3617:
3616:
3604:
3603:
3591:
3590:
3578:
3577:
3565:
3564:
3552:
3551:
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3538:
3526:
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3513:
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3487:
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3193:
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3182:
3181:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3136:
3122:
3121:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2703:
2480:
2287:Tasmanian pepper
2268:Sichuan pepper (
2223:Pomegranate seed
2037:Dill / Dill seed
1892:Brazilian pepper
1855:Alligator pepper
1609:garlic / Chinese
1525:
1518:
1511:
1502:
1479:Data related to
1478:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1448:
1425:
1424:
1412:
1401:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1375:
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1362:
1348:
1337:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1305:
1292:
1285:
1270:
1252:
1208:Imbrasia obscura
1164:Plant management
1111:Freely draining
1088:Medium textured
1074:
1057:Temperature (°C)
1021:
990:Cultivation area
957:, a traditional
924:Ecological value
916:, stomach pain,
774:
607:
583:
386:
372:
362:
352:
342:
332:
322:
290:
271:
240:
207:
91:
90:
70:
65:
64:
46:
32:
21:
3759:
3758:
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3753:
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3750:
3749:
3748:
3719:African cuisine
3714:Trees of Africa
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3162:
3161:
3156:
3143:
3133:
3128:
3110:
3089:
3026:
2735:
2733:African cuisine
2730:
2700:
2695:
2659:
2618:
2594:Tandoori masala
2341:
2218:Peruvian pepper
2106:Grains of Selim
2091:Aromatic ginger
2024:Bunium persicum
1831:
1532:
1529:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1450:
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1428:
1421:
1410:
1403:
1402:
1381:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1350:
1349:
1340:
1335:J. Mueller-Arg.
1329:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1295:
1286:
1273:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1231:
1166:
1157:
1141:
1136:
1119:Acidic, pH 5-6
1077:Characteristics
1019:
1010:
1001:
992:
987:
951:
943:
941:Industrial uses
926:
902:
900:Medicinal value
882:
756:
751:
696:tropical Africa
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252:
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85:
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66:
62:
55:
28:
23:
22:
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5:
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3676:wfo-0000297055
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3405:wfo-4000033250
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3012:Western Sahara
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2664:Related topics
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2017:Nigella sativa
2008:
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2001:Coriander seed
1998:
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1483:at Wikispecies
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1469:External links
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1420:978-0854328420
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868:495 kcal/100g
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3227:
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3218:
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3179:Ricinodendron
3174:
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3149:Ricinodendron
3146:
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3075:Mediterranean
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2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
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2860:
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2857:Guinea-Bissau
2855:
2853:
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2654:
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2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
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2628:
2627:
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2615:
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2602:
2600:
2597:
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2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
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2564:Ras el hanout
2562:
2560:
2559:Quatre épices
2557:
2555:
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2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:Khmeli suneli
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2445:Garlic powder
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
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2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2380:Bouquet garni
2378:
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2259:
2256:
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2239:
2236:
2234:
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2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
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2211:
2209:
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2201:
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2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:Litsea cubeba
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2121:Juniper berry
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
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2079:
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1952:
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1947:
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1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:Celery powder
1922:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
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1755:
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1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1729:Lemon verbena
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
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1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
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1648:
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1627:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1526:
1521:
1519:
1514:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1481:Ricinodendron
1477:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1456:
1455:
1451:SCUC (2006),
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1370:on 2016-03-04
1366:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1333:Ricinodendron
1327:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:Beentje, H.J.
1251:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1226:
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1220:
1216:
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1210:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1163:
1161:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1108:Rooting depth
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1046:Rainfall (mm)
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1007:
1005:
998:
996:
989:
984:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
948:
946:
940:
938:
935:
931:
923:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
899:
897:
895:
891:
887:
879:
877:
876:
867:
864:
863:
859:
856:
855:
851:
848:
847:
843:
840:
839:
835:
832:
831:
827:
824:
823:
819:
816:
815:
811:
808:
807:
803:
801:Crude protein
800:
799:
795:
792:
791:
787:
784:
783:
780:Quantity (%)
779:
776:
775:
772:
770:
760:
753:
748:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
689:
687:
685:
679:
676:
673:Njangsa is a
671:
664:
660:
656:
655:R. viticoides
653:
651:
650:
645:
644:R. rautanenii
642:
641:
640:
639:
638:
629:
628:
624:
619:
615:
611:
606:
602:
599:
596:
591:
587:
582:
578:
575:
574:
570:
569:
568:
566:
565:
556:
554:
552:
548:
547:R. heudelotii
545:in Ghana and
544:
540:
539:R. heudelotii
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
449:and south to
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:
422:
421:Euphorbiaceae
418:
415:
411:
410:
409:Ricinodendron
401:
400:
396:
389:
385:
382:
379:
375:
371:
368:
365:
361:
358:
355:
351:
348:
345:
341:
338:
335:
331:
328:
325:
321:
318:
317:
315:
312:
308:
302:
298:
294:
289:
285:
282:
279:
275:
270:
266:
263:
262:
260:
255:
251:
247:
241:
239:
233:
230:
229:Binomial name
226:
222:
221:
216:
213:
212:
205:
204:
203:Ricinodendron
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:Euphorbiaceae
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:Tracheophytes
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
89:
84:
80:
74:
69:
68:Least Concern
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
36:Ricinodendron
33:
30:
19:
3709:Crotonoideae
3416:
3148:
3080:West African
2977:South Africa
2967:Sierra Leone
2947:Saint Helena
2767:Burkina Faso
2544:Powder-douce
2534:Panch phoron
2504:Lemon pepper
2440:Garam masala
2430:Fines herbes
2410:Curry powder
2390:Chaat masala
2269:
2248:Sarsaparilla
2208:Onion powder
2197:
2156:Mango-ginger
2022:
2015:
1949:Chili powder
1734:
1724:Lemon myrtle
1681:
1677:
1632:
1631:Vietnamese (
1581:
1545:
1493:
1453:
1406:
1372:, retrieved
1365:the original
1356:
1353:
1332:
1326:
1314:
1258:
1250:
1236:
1232:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1191:caterpillars
1186:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1158:
1142:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1069:
1068:
1035:Altitude (m)
1011:
1002:
993:
978:
975:Sierra Leone
970:
962:
959:mancala game
952:
944:
930:soil quality
927:
914:yellow fever
903:
883:
880:Culinary use
874:
873:
865:Energy value
849:Dry extracts
844:8.6 +/- 0.9
825:Crude fibres
788:3.1 +/- 0.8
769:γ-tocopherol
765:
743:agroforestry
727:rain forests
724:
693:
690:Distribution
680:
672:
668:
658:
654:
647:
643:
635:
633:
604:
600:
580:
576:
562:
560:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
518:
514:
506:
498:
490:
482:
474:
466:
458:
425:
424:
408:
407:
406:
398:
394:
393:
383:
369:
359:
349:
339:
329:
319:
287:
283:
268:
264:
237:
235:
219:
218:
202:
201:
182:Crotonoideae
162:Malpighiales
145:
132:
119:
106:
35:
29:
3544:iNaturalist
3441:Wikispecies
3273:iNaturalist
3173:Wikispecies
2982:South Sudan
2862:Ivory Coast
2643:Bangladeshi
2574:Sharena sol
2569:Recado rojo
2554:Qâlat daqqa
2514:Mixed spice
2450:Garlic salt
2415:Doubanjiang
2151:Long pepper
2111:Horseradish
1929:Celery seed
1802:Sanshō leaf
1719:Lemon grass
1175:Fertilizer:
1139:Propagation
934:mycorrhizae
796:47.4-55.30
777:Constituent
665:Description
605:tomentellum
511:Ivory Coast
288:tomentellum
178:Subfamily:
126:Angiosperms
3693:Categories
3627:kew-178842
3622:Plant List
2962:Seychelles
2917:Mozambique
2902:Mauritania
2887:Madagascar
2782:Cape Verde
2681:Marination
2676:Herbal tea
2638:Australian
2634:By region
2609:Yuzu koshō
2599:Thuna paha
2539:Persillade
2292:Tonka bean
2228:Poppy seed
2136:Dried lime
2059:Fingerroot
1974:New Mexico
1882:Asafoetida
1714:Lemon balm
1672:Hoja santa
1652:Curry leaf
1374:2019-07-13
1331:Tropicos,
1242:References
1181:Husbandry:
1100:Topography
985:Production
918:rheumatism
836:10.5-17.8
804:24.3-65.2
793:Fatty acid
754:Food-value
720:Madagascar
684:aftertaste
625:, Tanzania
618:Radcl.-Sm.
543:heudelotii
523:Yorubaland
451:Mozambique
399:heudelotii
301:Radcl.-Sm.
208:Müll. Arg.
3562:1016790-1
3053:Ethiopian
2907:Mauritius
2691:Spice rub
2686:Seasoning
2653:Pakistani
2484:Idli podi
2455:Gochujang
2405:Crab boil
2322:Yuzu zest
2253:Sassafras
2141:Liquorice
2047:Fenugreek
1984:Cultivars
1103:Lowlands
1052:<3000
1008:Cultivars
890:thickener
739:savannahs
675:dioecious
634:moved to
614:E.A.Bruce
590:J.Léonard
586:Müll.Arg.
581:africanum
551:africanum
459:munguella
378:E.A.Bruce
344:Müll.Arg.
320:Barrettia
297:E.A.Bruce
278:J.Léonard
274:Müll.Arg.
269:africanum
214:Species:
96:Kingdom:
3653:12804267
3648:Tropicos
3575:10243970
3432:Q2829132
3426:Wikidata
3382:40025842
3377:Tropicos
3197:BioLib:
3164:Q7331166
3158:Wikidata
3124:Category
3085:Zanzibar
3070:Maghrebi
3063:Sephardi
3022:Zimbabwe
2992:Tanzania
2832:Ethiopia
2807:Djibouti
2777:Cameroon
2762:Botswana
2630:Culinary
2604:Vadouvan
2579:Shichimi
2477:Húng lìu
2297:Turmeric
2282:Tamarind
2131:Korarima
2064:Galangal
2032:Deulkkae
1991:Cinnamon
1969:Jalapeño
1959:Chipotle
1907:Cardamom
1860:Allspice
1827:Woodruff
1817:Tarragon
1782:Rosemary
1747:Marjoram
1709:Lavender
1704:Kkaennip
1642:Culantro
1626:Bolivian
1575:Bay leaf
1547:Angelica
1321:in Latin
1149:grafting
1147:, or by
1090:ultisols
1030:Maximum
981:dances.
841:Nitrogen
828:8.9-9.3
820:5.6-9.3
812:5.6-9.3
712:Tanzania
557:Taxonomy
519:ọrùnmọdò
515:djansang
499:kishongo
471:Cameroon
447:Tanzania
441:east to
311:Synonyms
168:Family:
139:Eudicots
73:IUCN 3.1
3663:5881278
3523:3071632
3497:1151098
3479:Ecocrop
3304:1074600
3291:15857-1
3252:3071631
3058:Mizrahi
3002:Tunisia
2972:Somalia
2957:Senegal
2932:Nigeria
2922:Namibia
2912:Morocco
2877:Liberia
2872:Lesotho
2822:Eritrea
2797:Comoros
2772:Burundi
2747:Algeria
2614:Za'atar
2509:Mitmita
2460:Harissa
2375:Berbere
2365:Baharat
2332:Zereshk
2327:Zedoary
2307:Vanilla
2270:huājiāo
2243:Saffron
2233:Radhuni
2213:Paprika
2198:Njangsa
2193:Nigella
2171:Mustard
2069:greater
1979:Tabasco
1954:Cayenne
1934:Charoli
1902:Caraway
1897:Camphor
1865:Amchoor
1777:Perilla
1772:Parsley
1767:Oregano
1762:Mitsuba
1757:Mugwort
1682:giấp cá
1662:Epazote
1633:rau răm
1599:Chervil
1116:Soil pH
1094:oxisols
1027:Minimum
961:called
910:malaria
700:Senegal
595:Nigeria
579:subsp.
535:njasang
531:ezezang
495:Nigeria
467:njangsa
439:Liberia
435:Senegal
397:subsp.
388:Mildbr.
354:Mildbr.
267:subsp.
198:Genus:
188:Tribe:
158:Order:
100:Plantae
71: (
3724:Spices
3660:uBio:
3614:976414
3601:316919
3549:338839
3536:403615
3458:174117
3455:APDB:
3392:471756
3389:uBio:
3356:RICIN2
3351:PLANTS
3343:982283
3330:316918
3317:500758
3278:181218
3200:105987
3190:194441
3187:APDB:
3048:Jewish
3043:Berber
3017:Zambia
3007:Uganda
2942:Rwanda
2892:Malawi
2852:Guinea
2842:Gambia
2752:Angola
2648:Indian
2465:Hawaij
2420:Douchi
2395:Chaunk
2360:Advieh
2355:Adjika
2347:Blends
2317:Wasabi
2258:Sesame
2203:Nutmeg
2166:Mahleb
2161:Mastic
2096:Golpar
2086:Ginger
2081:Garlic
2074:lesser
2042:Fennel
1939:Chenpi
1919:Cassia
1850:Ajwain
1845:Aonori
1837:Spices
1812:Sorrel
1797:Savory
1742:Lovage
1689:Hyssop
1616:Cicely
1604:Chives
1594:Borage
1582:tejpat
1417:
1219:Aphids
1169:Water:
999:Yields
963:songho
906:lupeol
716:Angola
710:, and
708:Uganda
612:&
610:Hutch.
527:essang
503:Uganda
491:okhuen
475:bofeko
463:Angola
455:Angola
431:Africa
376:&
374:Hutch.
334:Baill.
295:&
293:Hutch.
250:Heckel
246:Baill.
152:Rosids
3588:62459
3570:IRMNG
3510:RIDHE
3471:4T248
3299:IRMNG
3265:10478
3239:1RIDG
3226:32310
3213:8W35X
3094:Lists
2987:Sudan
2927:Niger
2882:Libya
2867:Kenya
2847:Ghana
2837:Gabon
2812:Egypt
2757:Benin
2623:Lists
2589:Tajin
2584:Tabil
2425:Duqqa
2385:Buknu
2302:Uzazi
2277:Sumac
2263:Shiso
2186:white
2181:brown
2176:black
2126:Kokum
2011:Cumin
2006:Cubeb
1996:Clove
1944:Chili
1912:black
1870:Anise
1822:Thyme
1807:Shiso
1694:Jimbu
1647:Cress
1589:Boldo
1568:Lemon
1553:Basil
1538:Herbs
1458:(PDF)
1411:(PDF)
1368:(PDF)
1361:(PDF)
1041:1250
979:bundu
973:. In
955:oware
894:stews
860:7.84
852:97.8
785:Water
704:Sudan
623:Kenya
603:var.
549:var.
541:var.
487:Ghana
443:Sudan
433:from
417:genus
414:plant
412:is a
286:var.
146:Clade
133:Clade
120:Clade
107:Clade
3635:POWO
3596:NCBI
3583:IUCN
3557:IPNI
3531:GRIN
3518:GBIF
3505:EPPO
3484:9291
3364:POWO
3325:NCBI
3312:ITIS
3286:IPNI
3260:GRIN
3247:GBIF
3234:EPPO
3038:Arab
2997:Togo
2897:Mali
2792:Chad
2337:Zest
2238:Rose
2052:blue
1875:star
1792:Sage
1752:Mint
1667:Hemp
1657:Dill
1563:Thai
1558:Holy
1415:ISBN
1092:and
1049:1000
971:okwe
967:Igbo
533:and
507:akpi
483:wama
453:and
445:and
3671:WFO
3492:EoL
3466:CoL
3400:WFO
3221:EoL
3208:CoL
1787:Rue
1263:doi
1063:32
1038:100
833:Ash
525:),
513:),
505:),
497:),
489:),
481:),
473:),
465:),
364:Sim
324:Sim
3695::
3673::
3650::
3637::
3624::
3611::
3598::
3585::
3572::
3559::
3546::
3533::
3520::
3507::
3494::
3481::
3468::
3443::
3428::
3402::
3379::
3366::
3353::
3340::
3327::
3314::
3301::
3288::
3275::
3262::
3249::
3236::
3223::
3210::
3175::
3160::
1429:^
1382:^
1341:^
1296:^
1274:^
1211:,
1205:,
1199:,
1060:18
912:,
857:pH
722:.
706:,
657:-
646:-
621:-
616:)
588:)
529:,
517:,
437:+
299:)
276:)
248:)
148::
135::
122::
109::
2725:e
2718:t
2711:v
2272:)
1684:)
1680:(
1635:)
1584:)
1524:e
1517:t
1510:v
1496:)
1423:.
1265::
1193:(
608:(
584:(
521:(
509:(
501:(
493:(
485:(
477:(
469:(
461:(
291:(
272:(
244:(
75:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
