1666:
entering the interfluve of the Neman and Neris rivers and to launch a counterattack with the right wing of the army. However, on August 21, the retreat of the right wing of the
Russian 10th Army continued: the onslaught of the 6th Cavalry and 40th Reserve Corps of the Germans did not weaken. At 4 p.m. Radkevich ordered the 2nd and 26th Army Corps to cross the Neman River at night. By evening, it turned out that the right flank of the army was so upset that it could not withstand the attacks of the Germans and retreated. The 3rd Siberian and 2nd Army Corps went beyond the Neman. After the 1st Army abandoned the Osowiec fortress, it was necessary to begin the evacuation of Grodno. The commandant of the fortress,
1643:. Falkenhayn was against such a plan, considering it impossible either to continue the offensive in winter or to invade deep into Russia: operations in the East were not supposed, as emphasized in the order of August 18, to go further than the line from Brest-Litovsk to Grodno, and "surplus" troops were to be transferred to other theaters. Hindenburg disagreed with this vision of military planning: in the area of Augustow and Suwalki, the front passed too close to the German border. On August 19, he issued a new directive: the 12th and 8th armies to continue attacks. The 10th Army to develop an offensive with the left wing on Vilno, covering the Russian troops from the Neman to
1688:, pushing them back. As a result, the 19th Army Corps and the 3rd Army Corps took up new positions. On August 24, von Schmettov's cavalry, reinforced by the 41st Infantry Division with three heavy batteries and the Otto von Homeyer brigade, struck again at the detachments of Troubetzkoy, Tsikhovich and Grabbe; after 16 hours, all three detachments began to withdraw, leaving 700 prisoners in the hands of the Germans. Plehve was forced to send his last reserve, the 1st Nevsky Infantry Regiment, to the 37th Army Corps. At the same time, Tsikhovich ordered to shoot every hundredth of the 315th Glukhovsky Infantry Regiment, two battalions of which fled from their positions.
1753:
Russian North-Western Front (M. Alekseyev) and
Headquarters, which caused the transfer of an entire army to the middle course of the Neman and to Riga. But in August, the Russian troops managed, actively defending themselves, to prevent the enemy from reaching the right bank of the Western Dvina and Vilna. The Russians captured 1,302 German prisoners and 9 machine guns. At the same time, major Russian failures in operations in this direction were the loss of control over the western part of the Gulf of Riga, the coast of Courland, the capture by the German troops of the Kovno fortress with its artillery and supplies.
227:
185:
174:
163:
152:
141:
41:
1677:, on the night of August 23, turned for help to the commander of the 5th Army, Plehve, to go on the offensive with the left flank to the west. The 20th Army Corps and the fortress of Grodno were transferred by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the armies of the North-Western Front Alekseyev to the 1st Army. However, the situation in the 5th Army was also difficult: from August 20, the Army of the Niemen, with the forces of the 5th Cavalry and 1st Reserve Corps, began to push the center of the 5th Army, knocking out the 37th Army Corps from
109:
1670:, expected to remove artillery (128 guns), ammunition (300,000 poods of shells and 100,000 poods of gunpowder), engineering and quartermaster supplies (2.2 million poods) from the fortress by September 13 with the condition of supplying at least 289 platforms and 2,908 wagons. At the same time, for lack of time and transport, another 507 guns and 626,000 shells, 53 machine guns, 79 rocket launchers with 6,631 rockets, almost 6 million rifle cartridges and a 10-day supply of food for the 1st and 10th armies were left in Grodno.
1662:. Radkevich was also concerned about the situation at the junction with the 1st Army (after the departure of the 12th Army to Riga), where the evacuation of the Osowiec fortress was being completed: the abandonment of the fortress threatened the 20th Army Corps, which was in an advantageous position, and forced the evacuation of Grodno to also begin. The commander of the 10th Army considered the preservation of positions on the left bank of the Neman "highly desirable and possible."
1592:
developed successfully until noon, but then the German 1st cavalry corps and the 78th reserve division launched a counterattack on the left flank of the 3rd army corps, after which, at about 17 hours, Plehve allowed the corps to withdraw, and ordered the cavalry on the flanks to hit the
Germans in the rear. However, the blow did not work, the German 1st reserve and 1st cavalry corps continued to push the Russian units, which retreated by the morning of August 15 across the Vadva and
239:
208:
197:
122:
1555:
continued its onslaught on the center of the
Germans, repelling attempts to advance in the area of the Riga fortified area. In the sectors of the Russian 19th and 3rd army corps, the Russian offensive developed successfully. By the morning of August 11, the Army of the Niemen still maintained positions on the Aa and Eckau Rivers. Attempts by the Germans to go on the offensive on the front of the Riga fortified area were repulsed by them with the help of gunboats.
1744:, reported to the staff of the North-Western Front, work on the creation of the Dvina and Vilno's fortified positions was almost completely completed. On the first two, 30% of dugouts and shelters remained unfinished, on Dvinsk - another 10% of the barriers, but it was already possible to deploy troops. This facilitated the adoption of further decisions on the defense of the western provinces of the Russian Empire and on stopping the retreat.
1712:
Russian 37th Army Corps was withdrawn. In order to restore the situation, Plehve ordered to strike at the flanks of the
Germans advancing to the Western Dvina River and go to his rear. In the morning, the chief of staff of the 5th Army, Miller insistently asked to expedite the arrival in Dvinsk of the 28th Army Corps removed from the South-Western Front; its head trains began to arrive only late in the evening of 27 August.
1307:
1512:
transferred from the 8th Army, the
Landsturm Regiment and several heavy and super-heavy batteries from the 9th Army, and the Beckman division would be returned from the Army of the Niemen. The next day, Hindenburg managed to convince Falkenhayn of the importance and possibility of a quick capture of Kovno; the Supreme High Command allocated the required number of shells for the operation.
1627:, which would intercept the withdrawal routes of the armies of the Russian North-Western Front from the Kingdom of Poland. For this, as the chief of staff of the Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East, Ludendorff, believed, it was necessary to break through the Russian positions in front of the 10th Army and Army of the Niemen, push the Russians back through
1599:
The stubborn battles with varying success that accompanied the offensive of the
Russian 5th Army did not bring Plehve the expected results, but the Riga-Dvina direction was reliably covered, the offensive against Vilkomir, which was being prepared by the Germans, was thwarted, and the divisions ready
1719:
On August 28, Plehve again persistently ordered
Trubetskoy, leaving a small barrier, "with the rest of the forces to break through at all costs into the rear of the enemy advancing towards Friedrichstadt." But the defense of the German Army of the Niemen was precisely built on the maximum use of the
1511:
On August 2, the commander of the German 10th Army sent his chief of staff E. Hell to Lötzen to convince the
Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East of the need to reinforce the army with at least one division to take Kovno. Hindenburg promised Hell that the 6th Landwehr Brigade would be
1715:
The offensive of the
Russian 19th and 3rd army corps against the 1st reserve corps of the Germans was not successful. The Ussuri Cavalry Brigade was withdrawn due to the retreat of the right wing of the 10th Army. By the night of August 28, the Germans captured the first position at Friedrichstadt.
1591:
On August 14, the 5th Army resumed the offensive. Until nightfall, the right wing of the army advanced successfully but slowly. The cavalry corps of Troubetzkoy and the detachment of Grabbe were pinned down by the attacks of the 5th German cavalry corps. The offensive of the 19th and 3rd army corps
1527:
Due to the retreat of the 19th Army Corps on the night of August 4, Plehve withdrew other corps of the 5th Army. Having received information about the transfer of part of the German troops from Riga, Plehve ordered his troops on August 5 to launch a counteroffensive. In stubborn fighting during the
1727:
By August 26, the German 10th Army approached Vilno from the north and northwest. He managed to push back the mounted barriers of the Russian 10th Army. The Russian 5th Army Corps and the 3rd Siberian Army Corps were forced to retreat; the divisions of the Russian 2nd and 26th army corps were also
1554:
After midnight on August 8, Plehve, dissatisfied with the results of the battles, ordered G. Troubetzkoy to personally lead the attack. By the night of August 9, the offensive was a complete success. During the day, more than 50 prisoners and 3 machine guns were captured. On August 9, the 5th Army
1739:
The timely transfer and introduction of eight Russian divisions into battle north of Vilno frustrated Hindenburg's hopes for a quick (after the fall of Kovno) capture of this city, which was a major junction of railways and highways. Also, thanks to the active actions of the Russian 5th Army, the
1515:
On August 2–3, the Army of the Niemen pursued the retreating corps of the Russian 5th Army, capturing 3,250 prisoners and 2 machine guns. After receiving the order to turn the army to Vilno, O. von Below ordered to stop the pursuit, go on the defensive in the Riga direction, leaving only the 29th
1665:
In the conditions of the German advance to Vilno, the headquarters of the armies of the North-Western Front sent the 5th Army Corps to the 10th Army (the Guards Corps, landing in Vilno, was the reserve of the Russian Supreme Commander). On August 21, Radkevich ordered to prevent the Germans from
1575:
river, and the Grabbe's detachment was not successful. By order of Plehve, from 17 o'clock the 19th and 3rd army corps went on the offensive. Before nightfall, they managed to get within 300-600 paces of the German positions. The detachment of N. Kaznakov, having suffered significant losses from
1752:
German troops during the operation captured up to 51,000 prisoners, 1,326 guns (mainly in Kovno) and 40 machine guns. The ratio of losses (killed and missing) was 1 to 5 in favor of the German Imperial Army. In the July battles, the Germans managed to disorient the command of the armies of the
1647:, with the right wing to advance from Augustow to Grodno. The 4th cavalry division and three landwehr divisions from the abolished X. von Beseler group entered the army. The Army of the Niemen was entrusted with covering the operation from the north with an offensive against Sventiany and Riga.
1711:
by the forces of Lieutenant General Shmettov's group, which continuously attacked the positions of the 37th Army Corps. By the night of August 27, the positions of the Tsikhovich detachment on the Ponemunok River were broken through. Due to heavy losses and the complete breakdown of units, the
1562:
launched an offensive towards the Aa River and knocked out the Germans from the right bank. Plehve, around midnight on August 13, was ordered to Troubetzkoy and M. Grabbe with a concentrated blow to break through the positions of the Germans, and the 3rd and 19th Army Corps to strengthen their
1528:
day, the Russians made little progress. The headquarters of the Army of the Niemen regarded the increase in the activity of the Russian side as an attempt to cover the flanks of the army. On August 7, the troops of the Riga fortified area entrenched themselves on the right bank of the
1539:, concentrating three infantry divisions near Panevėžys, but it was necessary to replenish troops and ammunition. At the same time, the chief of staff of the Russian 5th Army, E. Miller, informed the chief of staff of the armies of the North-Western Front,
1128:
1691:
On August 23, the 10th Army was again attacked by the Germans on the Neman River. After a stubborn battle, the Russian 2nd Army Corps and the 26th Army Corps withdrew. The guard divisions and the 5th Army Corps, which had begun to arrive in Vilno and
1728:
withdrawn under the onslaught of the German 21st Army Corps. On August 27, Radkevich united the 124th Infantry, 2nd Finnish Rifle and Border Composite Divisions under the command of the commander of the 5th Caucasian Army Corps, Lieutenant General
1516:
Landwehr and the 3rd and 18th cavalry brigades here, and send the infantry divisions to the south. To counter the German offensive on Riga, on August 3, P. Plehve entrusted the defense of the Riga fortified area to Lieutenant General
1724:. Artillery preparation destroyed the positions of the 2nd brigade of the 79th infantry division in 20 minutes. However, the Army of the Niemen failed to take Friedrichstadt on the move and capture the bridges on the Dvina River.
300:
1488:) occupied fortified positions - 217,041 men. Russian troops outnumbered the Germans in manpower and were inferior in artillery (superior in heavy) and, possibly, in machine guns. Experiencing interruptions in the supply of
1164:
1735:
By evening, the front of the right wing of the 10th Army had partially stabilized a few kilometers north and west of Vilno. But by nightfall, the Germans began to push the regiments of the 2nd and 26th army corps.
1207:
1566:
On August 13, the Russian 5th Army again attacked the German positions and was met with stubborn resistance and counterattacks. If the 37th Army Corps and the 4th Cavalry Division moved forward and occupied
406:
293:
1704:
B. Flug (3rd Siberian, 2nd and 26th army corps). Despite repeated orders to go on the offensive, the right wing of the 10th Army continued to retreat to Vilno and to the right bank of the Neman River.
1551:” . Therefore, he considered the creation of intermediate strongholds unsuitable for the situation and urged that all forces and means be urgently sent to build fortifications in front of Dvinsk.
1275:
1720:
terrain and villages as base lines and points. On August 28–29, von Schmettov's group was pushed back on the left flank to the Nemenek River, but broke through the second line of defense near
286:
546:
399:
1445:) had 158,905 soldiers and officers and 600 guns in service, including only 50 heavy ones, and was operationally subdivided into the strong Northern Group of Lieutenant General
1413:, which was more in line with both the more complex natural environment (the area abounded in rivers, forests and swamps), and the importance attached by the Russian command to
1287:
1619:
Since mid-August, the staff of Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East, considered the idea of developing an offensive in the Neman region - by breaking through to
2153:
485:
2148:
392:
1116:
1140:
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1353:. In the course of a successful offensive, the German army defeated the superior forces of the Russian army and reached the approaches to the important city of
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1639:
to destroy and intercept the railways in the Russian rear. The right flank of the operation was to be provided by the 8th and 12th armies with an attack on the
658:
1600:
to be sent against Kovno were detained to hold the positions of the Neman army. The German 10th Army also could not start an operation against Kovno in time.
1077:
1740:
Germans failed to capture Jakobstadt and Friedrichstadt on the move. By this time, as the chief commander of the Dvina military district, engineer-general
1732:, instructing them to stand to the death. The divisions of the 34th Army Corps, which had lost their combat effectiveness, were assigned to the reserve.
1450:
189:
1389:, in fact continuing the active operations begun on the Riga direction at the end of April 1915. This operation was undertaken at the insistence of the
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1701:
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River and attacked the remnants of the Kovno garrison. The 6th cavalry corps occupied Yanov and created the threat of a breakthrough to Vilno through
1651:
1246:
439:
1492:, like the rest of the Russian armies, the 5th Army was able to dispose of reserves of fortresses and had more opportunities to hold the front.
433:
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1421:
River. For the Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East, the main goal of the actions was the envelopment and final capture of the
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1386:
677:
1302:
704:
480:
1385:
Rivers, the Army of the Niemen of the P. von Hindenburg's army group carried out an operation against the right flank of the Russian
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373:
1696:, had to hold the front at Vilno. On August 24, Radkevich divided his army into two groups: the Vilno group of Lieutenant General
1231:
1580:
River, retreated. On the night of August 14, Plehve replaced the temporary commander of the 37th Army Corps, Lieutenant General
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1409:. The result of intense disputes was a compromise decision on the distracting nature of the new offensive on the Neman and in
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28:
1588:, and the detachment of Troubetzkoy was disbanded, leaving only the 1st and 2nd cavalry divisions under his command.
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40:
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243:
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1147:
780:
602:
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to him, and ordered Lieutenant General G. Troubetzkoy to strike at the flank and rear of the Mitava's group.
1521:
1219:
963:
870:
2138:
1563:
positions and conduct active reconnaissance, and in the event of an Germans retreat, vigorously pursue him.
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to Tukun: the second went on the offensive a few days later, linking the Russian troops along the front.
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On the morning of August 23, the Germans attacked the detachments of Tsikhovich, Troubetzkoy and
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1241:
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1046:
985:
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607:
231:
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On August 20, the German 10th Army launched an offensive northeast of Kovno. Litzman's group (
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882:
753:
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201:
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1398:
1370:
1039:
748:
709:
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558:
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group of armies to divert Russian forces from the direction of the main German blow of the
1729:
1034:
936:
921:
857:
836:
790:
334:
1762:
1609:
1529:
1485:
1438:
822:
519:
366:
167:
126:
1345:. However, it gradually changed into an offensive of two German armies to capture the
2132:
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1640:
1418:
1350:
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184:
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151:
140:
114:
1644:
1481:
212:
875:
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32:
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In a difficult situation, the chief of staff of the 10th Army, Major General
1693:
1462:
997:
1572:
1547:, “there are absolutely no means to directly cover the paths to Vilno and
1454:
1410:
1390:
278:
70:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1437:
For the offensive on Riga, the Army of the Niemen of Infantry General
1378:
1781:Корольков Г.К. Сражение под Шавли.М.– Л.:Государственное издание, 1926
1707:
On August 26, the Army of the Niemen continued its offensive against
1571:, then the 1st and 2nd cavalry divisions were pushed back beyond the
1469:
1458:
1655:
1624:
1544:
1426:
1422:
1346:
1342:
1414:
1354:
384:
66:
1453:. The first received the task of advancing to the highway from
1425:
fortress, which supported the Russian battle formations on the
388:
282:
92:
German imperial army occupy most part of Courland and Lithuania
2122:
128,000 in offensive; 66,000 is Kovno Garrison; 20,900 unarmed
1535:
The offensive of the Army of the Niemen intended to strike at
2006:
Die deutsche kavallerie in Litauen und Kurland, p. 143-144
1979:
Die deutsche kavallerie in Litauen und Kurland, p. 137-138
1801:
1799:
1835:Корольков Г. К. Сражение под Шавли. - М.; Л., 1926, p.8-9
1700:(Guards, 5th and 34th army corps) and Neman group of the
16:
1915 German offensive on the Eastern Front of World War I
2092:
The Great Retreat and stabilization of the Eastern Front
1558:
On the afternoon of August 12, in the Riga region, the
2042:
Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, 1932, p. 488-489
2024:
Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, 1932, p. 486-488
1916:
Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, 1932, p. 481-484
1898:
Die deutsche kavallerie in Litauen und Kurland, p. 136
1871:
Die deutsche kavallerie in Litauen und Kurland, p. 136
1844:
Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, 1932, p. 475-476
2088:Великое отступление и стабилизация восточного фронта
1654:, 3rd, 76th and 79th reserve divisions) crossed the
1401:, contrary to the negative opinion of Chief of the
1880:Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, 1932, p. 467
1532:River. In two days, only 40 prisoners were taken.
1391:Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East
1826:Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII.,1932, p.356
1817:Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII.,1932, p.266
1303:Preliminary Ukrainian-Soviet peace treaty (1918)
45:German summer offensive in the Eastern Front 1915
2060:Amtliche Kriegsdepeschen. Bd.2, p. 787, 834, 900
1288:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)
1635:and send the cavalry to raid against Minsk and
1543:, that with the army sector stretched over 250
21:
400:
294:
8:
1961:Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, p. 485
1943:Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, p. 485
1925:Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, p. 485
1576:cannon and machine-gun fire from behind the
1468:On the Russian side, from the mouth of the
1451:Karl Ernst Manfred Freiherr von Richthofen
407:
393:
385:
301:
287:
279:
18:
1805:
1790:
1373:on the Narew River and the army group of
2154:Battles of World War I involving Germany
255:In offensive: 120,000 men and 1,960 guns
2149:Battles of World War I involving Russia
2115:
1774:
7:
1484:(chief of staff, Lieutenant General
1507:Russian counteroffensive near Riga
14:
1853:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 658-659
273:95,000 including 27,000 captured
237:
225:
206:
195:
183:
172:
161:
150:
139:
120:
107:
39:
1441:(Chief of Staff, Major General
1429:- close to the German border.
1397:and his Chief of the Staff E.
1329:'s offensive, launched by the
1124:Battle for Kamianets-Podilskyi
1:
2069:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 678
2051:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 677
2033:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 676
2015:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 675
1997:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 674
1988:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 673
1970:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 672
1952:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 672
1934:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 671
1907:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 664
1889:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 663
1862:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 662
1560:13th Siberian Rifle Division
2170:
1607:
1604:Fall of the Kovno fortress
1499:
1449:and the Southern Group of
1403:German Great General Staff
1298:Treaty of Bucharest (1918)
260:188,500 men and 1,735 guns
1203:Assault on Chongar Bridge
1083:Battle of Bobruysk (1918)
954:Second Brusilov offensive
424:
320:
264:
249:
218:
132:
100:
49:
38:
26:
2087:
1496:German offensive on Riga
1247:Romanian Campaign (1918)
1025:Romanian Campaign (1917)
959:Romanian campaign (1916)
731:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
57:14 July – 28 August 1915
1702:General of the Infantry
1522:7th Siberian Army Corps
1349:fortress and reach the
1323:Riga–Schaulen offensive
1293:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
486:East Prussia war crimes
22:Riga-Schaulen offensive
1433:Comparison of strength
312:Great Retreat (Russia)
190:Manfred von Richthofen
133:Commanders and leaders
2094:]. Moscow: Вече.
1615:First Vilno offensive
1608:Further information:
1584:, with Major General
1500:Further information:
1369:of the army group of
949:Baranovichi offensive
530:Halich-Lviv offensive
265:Casualties and losses
1586:Januarius Tsikhovich
1520:, subordinating the
1502:First Riga offensive
1327:Imperial German Army
1252:Anti-Hetman Uprising
737:Gorlice breakthrough
1480:of Cavalry General
1447:Otto von Lauenstein
1443:Alfred von Böckmann
1395:Paul von Hindenburg
1136:The Battle of Irpin
1112:Battle of Berdychiv
981:February Revolution
830:Dniestr–Zolota Lypa
374:Dniestr–Zolota Lypa
179:Otto von Lauenstein
146:Paul von Hindenburg
1387:Northwestern Front
1365:Together with the
1331:Army of the Niemen
1047:October Revolution
1003:Tarnopol-Offensive
986:Kerensky offensive
916:Brusilov offensive
678:2nd Masurian Lakes
547:Galicia war crimes
481:1st Masurian Lakes
232:Army of the Niemen
2101:978-5-4484-4482-1
2084:Oleynikov, Alexei
1407:E. von Falkenhayn
1318:
1317:
969:Christmas Battles
705:2nd Vistula River
571:Laski and Anielin
565:1st Vistula River
382:
381:
277:
276:
202:Mikhail Alekseyev
96:
95:
2161:
2123:
2120:
2105:
2070:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1375:A. von Mackensen
1339:summer offensive
1311:
1211:
1192:
1184:Battle for Izyum
1180:
1168:
1144:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1068:Battle of Galați
1011:
879:
847:Strypa offensive
662:
654:Kozevo offensive
588:2nd East Prussia
543:
440:1st East Prussia
419:
409:
402:
395:
386:
315:
313:
303:
296:
289:
280:
242:
241:
240:
230:
229:
211:
210:
209:
200:
199:
198:
188:
187:
177:
176:
166:
165:
157:Erich Ludendorff
155:
154:
144:
143:
125:
124:
123:
113:
111:
110:
51:
50:
43:
19:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2102:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1804:
1797:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1759:
1750:
1730:Nikolai Istomin
1617:
1612:
1606:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1435:
1371:M. von Gallwitz
1363:
1319:
1314:
1305:
1205:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1138:
1126:
1114:
1102:
1035:Kornilov affair
1005:
873:
656:
537:
420:
415:
413:
383:
378:
316:
311:
309:
307:
256:
238:
236:
224:
207:
205:
204:
196:
194:
182:
181:
171:
170:
160:
159:
149:
148:
138:
121:
119:
108:
106:
88:
74:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2167:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2139:1915 in Europe
2131:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2100:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2062:
2053:
2044:
2035:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1936:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1891:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1808:, p. 298.
1806:Oleynikov 2024
1795:
1793:, p. 279.
1791:Oleynikov 2024
1783:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1763:Siege of Kovno
1758:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1722:Friedrichstadt
1709:Friedrichstadt
1686:Mikhail Grabbe
1652:115th infantry
1616:
1613:
1610:Siege of Kovno
1605:
1602:
1508:
1505:
1497:
1494:
1486:Yevgeny Miller
1439:Otto von Below
1434:
1431:
1362:
1359:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1282:Peace treaties
1279:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1169:
1160:Lozova station
1157:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1109:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1044:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1000:
995:
994:
993:
983:
977:
976:
972:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
940:
939:
934:
929:
924:
912:
907:
902:
896:
895:
891:
890:
885:
880:
868:
861:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
833:
832:
827:
826:
825:
820:
810:
805:
800:
799:
798:
796:Novogeorgievsk
793:
788:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
745:
744:
739:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
701:
700:
695:
685:
680:
675:
670:
669:
668:
663:
651:
639:
633:
632:
628:
627:
622:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
573:
568:
561:
556:
551:
550:
549:
544:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
490:
489:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
436:
430:
429:
425:
422:
421:
414:
412:
411:
404:
397:
389:
380:
379:
377:
376:
371:
370:
369:
364:
354:
349:
344:
343:
342:
340:Novogeorgievsk
337:
332:
321:
318:
317:
308:
306:
305:
298:
291:
283:
275:
274:
271:
267:
266:
262:
261:
258:
252:
251:
247:
246:
234:
221:
220:
219:Units involved
216:
215:
192:
168:Otto von Below
135:
134:
130:
129:
127:Russian Empire
117:
103:
102:
98:
97:
94:
93:
90:
84:
83:
82:German victory
80:
76:
75:
65:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
36:
35:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2166:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:German Empire
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2119:
2116:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1754:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1699:
1698:Pyotr Baluyev
1695:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1668:M. Kaigorodov
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1641:Pinsk Marshes
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1614:
1611:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1594:Jara-Šetekšna
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1506:
1503:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1472:River to the
1471:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1419:Western Dvina
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1351:Western Dvina
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:Naval warfare
1264:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1232:Hetman's coup
1230:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
992:
989:
988:
987:
984:
982:
979:
978:
974:
973:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
938:
935:
933:
932:Kostiuchnówka
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
918:
917:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
897:
893:
892:
889:
886:
884:
881:
877:
872:
869:
867:
866:
862:
860:
859:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
831:
828:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
814:
813:Riga-Schaulen
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
786:2nd Przasnysz
784:
783:
782:
779:
778:
777:
776:
775:Great Retreat
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
733:
732:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
699:
696:
694:
691:
690:
689:
686:
684:
683:1st Przasnysz
681:
679:
676:
674:
673:Humin-Bolimów
671:
667:
664:
660:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
645:
644:
640:
638:
635:
634:
630:
629:
626:
625:Lupovsky Pass
623:
621:
620:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
578:
574:
572:
569:
567:
566:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
548:
545:
541:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
495:
491:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
442:
441:
437:
435:
432:
431:
427:
426:
423:
418:
417:Eastern Front
410:
405:
403:
398:
396:
391:
390:
387:
375:
372:
368:
365:
363:
360:
359:
358:
357:Riga-Schaulen
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
330:2nd Przasnysz
328:
327:
326:
323:
322:
319:
314:
304:
299:
297:
292:
290:
285:
284:
281:
272:
269:
268:
263:
259:
257:Total unknown
254:
253:
248:
245:
235:
233:
228:
223:
222:
217:
214:
203:
193:
191:
186:
180:
175:
169:
164:
158:
153:
147:
142:
137:
136:
131:
128:
118:
116:
115:German Empire
105:
104:
99:
91:
86:
85:
81:
78:
77:
72:
68:
64:
61:
60:
56:
53:
52:
48:
42:
37:
34:
30:
29:Eastern Front
25:
20:
2118:
2091:
2077:Bibliography
2065:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2011:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1912:
1903:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1786:
1777:
1751:
1738:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1714:
1706:
1690:
1683:
1672:
1664:
1649:
1645:Druskininkai
1618:
1598:
1590:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1534:
1526:
1514:
1510:
1482:Pavel Plehve
1467:
1461:and through
1436:
1377:between the
1364:
1335:Hindenburg's
1333:of Paul von
1325:was a major
1322:
1320:
1093:
1040:
914:
871:Death Island
863:
856:
812:
773:
729:
715:1st Courland
641:
617:
575:
563:
492:
461:Gross-Bresau
438:
356:
213:Pavel Plehve
101:Belligerents
27:Part of the
1633:Dvina River
1582:G. Levitsky
1541:A. Gulevich
1518:N. Lisovsky
1476:coast, the
1306: [
1257:Motovilivka
1206: [
1187: [
1175: [
1163: [
1139: [
1127: [
1115: [
1103: [
1094:Faustschlag
1006: [
900:Lake Naroch
874: [
803:Vistula-Bug
769:Kraupishken
764:3rd Osowiec
720:2nd Bolimów
710:2nd Osowiec
657: [
643:Carpathians
619:Bzura-Rawka
603:Krzywopłoty
559:1st Osowiec
538: [
535:Jarosławice
510:Zolota Lypa
500:1st Kraśnik
476:Abschwangen
446:Stallupönen
347:Vistula-Bug
87:Territorial
33:World War I
2133:Categories
1769:References
1742:N. Tumanov
1660:Wiłkomierz
1490:ammunition
1399:Ludendorff
1361:Background
1271:Baltic Sea
1225:Sevastopol
1078:Bessarabia
944:2nd Kekava
910:Stolovichy
905:1st Kekava
515:Gnila Lipa
471:Tannenberg
434:Wierzbołów
362:First Riga
2086:(2024).
1694:Lentvaris
1549:Sventiany
1463:Goldingen
1367:offensive
1276:Black Sea
1220:Salt Lake
1052:Zhmerynka
1015:Krechowce
998:July Days
964:Schmarden
927:Mamornița
842:Grubeshov
781:Bug-Narew
698:Kalvarija
649:Rafajlowa
637:Cârlibaba
613:Łowczówek
577:San River
466:Gumbinnen
325:Bug-Narew
1757:See also
1679:Memelhof
1675:I. Popov
1596:rivers.
1569:Memelhof
1537:Wilkomir
1478:5th Army
1455:Schaulen
1417:and the
1411:Courland
1381:and the
1242:Dibrivka
1155:Bakhmach
1088:Rarańcza
1030:2nd Riga
818:1st Riga
725:Pakosław
608:Limanowa
583:Mołotków
554:Augustów
250:Strength
71:Schaulen
62:Location
1748:Outcome
1637:Polotsk
1631:to the
1470:Dubyssa
1379:Vistula
1073:Finland
883:Smorgon
808:Jastków
754:Rokitna
742:Syniava
666:Makivka
525:Gorodek
505:Komarow
494:Galicia
456:Kaushen
352:Jastków
89:changes
2098:
1578:Sventa
1573:Rovėja
1545:versts
1474:Baltic
1459:Mitava
1237:Kaniów
1215:Sivash
1198:Crimea
1172:Donbas
1041:Albion
991:Zboriv
888:Zurnvo
759:Tarłów
749:Konary
598:Kraków
270:20,000
244:V Army
112:
79:Result
2110:Notes
2090:[
1656:Neris
1629:Vilno
1625:Minsk
1621:Vilno
1530:Eckau
1427:Neman
1423:Kovno
1347:Kovno
1343:Narew
1310:]
1210:]
1191:]
1179:]
1167:]
1148:Narva
1143:]
1131:]
1119:]
1107:]
1100:Keila
1020:Krevo
1010:]
937:Kowel
922:Lutsk
878:]
865:Vilno
858:Rovno
837:Rasna
823:Kovno
791:Narew
693:Memel
688:Łomża
661:]
542:]
451:Orlau
367:Kovno
335:Narew
2096:ISBN
1623:and
1415:Riga
1355:Riga
1321:The
1062:1918
975:1917
894:1916
852:Prut
631:1915
593:Łódź
520:Rawa
428:1914
73:area
69:and
67:Riga
54:Date
1457:to
1383:Bug
1341:on
31:of
2135::
1798:^
1681:.
1405:,
1393:-
1357:.
1308:uk
1208:ru
1189:uk
1177:uk
1165:uk
1141:uk
1129:uk
1117:uk
1105:et
1008:de
876:lv
659:ru
540:ru
2104:.
408:e
401:t
394:v
302:e
295:t
288:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
