1677:
entering the interfluve of the Neman and Neris rivers and to launch a counterattack with the right wing of the army. However, on August 21, the retreat of the right wing of the
Russian 10th Army continued: the onslaught of the 6th Cavalry and 40th Reserve Corps of the Germans did not weaken. At 4 p.m. Radkevich ordered the 2nd and 26th Army Corps to cross the Neman River at night. By evening, it turned out that the right flank of the army was so upset that it could not withstand the attacks of the Germans and retreated. The 3rd Siberian and 2nd Army Corps went beyond the Neman. After the 1st Army abandoned the Osowiec fortress, it was necessary to begin the evacuation of Grodno. The commandant of the fortress,
1654:. Falkenhayn was against such a plan, considering it impossible either to continue the offensive in winter or to invade deep into Russia: operations in the East were not supposed, as emphasized in the order of August 18, to go further than the line from Brest-Litovsk to Grodno, and "surplus" troops were to be transferred to other theaters. Hindenburg disagreed with this vision of military planning: in the area of Augustow and Suwalki, the front passed too close to the German border. On August 19, he issued a new directive: the 12th and 8th armies to continue attacks. The 10th Army to develop an offensive with the left wing on Vilno, covering the Russian troops from the Neman to
1699:, pushing them back. As a result, the 19th Army Corps and the 3rd Army Corps took up new positions. On August 24, von Schmettov's cavalry, reinforced by the 41st Infantry Division with three heavy batteries and the Otto von Homeyer brigade, struck again at the detachments of Troubetzkoy, Tsikhovich and Grabbe; after 16 hours, all three detachments began to withdraw, leaving 700 prisoners in the hands of the Germans. Plehve was forced to send his last reserve, the 1st Nevsky Infantry Regiment, to the 37th Army Corps. At the same time, Tsikhovich ordered to shoot every hundredth of the 315th Glukhovsky Infantry Regiment, two battalions of which fled from their positions.
1764:
Russian North-Western Front (M. Alekseyev) and
Headquarters, which caused the transfer of an entire army to the middle course of the Neman and to Riga. But in August, the Russian troops managed, actively defending themselves, to prevent the enemy from reaching the right bank of the Western Dvina and Vilna. The Russians captured 1,302 German prisoners and 9 machine guns. At the same time, major Russian failures in operations in this direction were the loss of control over the western part of the Gulf of Riga, the coast of Courland, the capture by the German troops of the Kovno fortress with its artillery and supplies.
238:
196:
185:
174:
163:
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52:
1688:, on the night of August 23, turned for help to the commander of the 5th Army, Plehve, to go on the offensive with the left flank to the west. The 20th Army Corps and the fortress of Grodno were transferred by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the armies of the North-Western Front Alekseyev to the 1st Army. However, the situation in the 5th Army was also difficult: from August 20, the Army of the Niemen, with the forces of the 5th Cavalry and 1st Reserve Corps, began to push the center of the 5th Army, knocking out the 37th Army Corps from
120:
1681:, expected to remove artillery (128 guns), ammunition (300,000 poods of shells and 100,000 poods of gunpowder), engineering and quartermaster supplies (2.2 million poods) from the fortress by September 13 with the condition of supplying at least 289 platforms and 2,908 wagons. At the same time, for lack of time and transport, another 507 guns and 626,000 shells, 53 machine guns, 79 rocket launchers with 6,631 rockets, almost 6 million rifle cartridges and a 10-day supply of food for the 1st and 10th armies were left in Grodno.
1673:. Radkevich was also concerned about the situation at the junction with the 1st Army (after the departure of the 12th Army to Riga), where the evacuation of the Osowiec fortress was being completed: the abandonment of the fortress threatened the 20th Army Corps, which was in an advantageous position, and forced the evacuation of Grodno to also begin. The commander of the 10th Army considered the preservation of positions on the left bank of the Neman "highly desirable and possible."
1603:
developed successfully until noon, but then the German 1st cavalry corps and the 78th reserve division launched a counterattack on the left flank of the 3rd army corps, after which, at about 17 hours, Plehve allowed the corps to withdraw, and ordered the cavalry on the flanks to hit the
Germans in the rear. However, the blow did not work, the German 1st reserve and 1st cavalry corps continued to push the Russian units, which retreated by the morning of August 15 across the Vadva and
250:
219:
208:
133:
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continued its onslaught on the center of the
Germans, repelling attempts to advance in the area of the Riga fortified area. In the sectors of the Russian 19th and 3rd army corps, the Russian offensive developed successfully. By the morning of August 11, the Army of the Niemen still maintained positions on the Aa and Eckau Rivers. Attempts by the Germans to go on the offensive on the front of the Riga fortified area were repulsed by them with the help of gunboats.
1755:, reported to the staff of the North-Western Front, work on the creation of the Dvina and Vilno's fortified positions was almost completely completed. On the first two, 30% of dugouts and shelters remained unfinished, on Dvinsk - another 10% of the barriers, but it was already possible to deploy troops. This facilitated the adoption of further decisions on the defense of the western provinces of the Russian Empire and on stopping the retreat.
1723:
Russian 37th Army Corps was withdrawn. In order to restore the situation, Plehve ordered to strike at the flanks of the
Germans advancing to the Western Dvina River and go to his rear. In the morning, the chief of staff of the 5th Army, Miller insistently asked to expedite the arrival in Dvinsk of the 28th Army Corps removed from the South-Western Front; its head trains began to arrive only late in the evening of 27 August.
1318:
1523:
transferred from the 8th Army, the
Landsturm Regiment and several heavy and super-heavy batteries from the 9th Army, and the Beckman division would be returned from the Army of the Niemen. The next day, Hindenburg managed to convince Falkenhayn of the importance and possibility of a quick capture of Kovno; the Supreme High Command allocated the required number of shells for the operation.
1638:, which would intercept the withdrawal routes of the armies of the Russian North-Western Front from the Kingdom of Poland. For this, as the chief of staff of the Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East, Ludendorff, believed, it was necessary to break through the Russian positions in front of the 10th Army and Army of the Niemen, push the Russians back through
1610:
The stubborn battles with varying success that accompanied the offensive of the
Russian 5th Army did not bring Plehve the expected results, but the Riga-Dvina direction was reliably covered, the offensive against Vilkomir, which was being prepared by the Germans, was thwarted, and the divisions ready
1730:
On August 28, Plehve again persistently ordered
Trubetskoy, leaving a small barrier, "with the rest of the forces to break through at all costs into the rear of the enemy advancing towards Friedrichstadt." But the defense of the German Army of the Niemen was precisely built on the maximum use of the
1522:
On August 2, the commander of the German 10th Army sent his chief of staff E. Hell to Lötzen to convince the
Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East of the need to reinforce the army with at least one division to take Kovno. Hindenburg promised Hell that the 6th Landwehr Brigade would be
1726:
The offensive of the
Russian 19th and 3rd army corps against the 1st reserve corps of the Germans was not successful. The Ussuri Cavalry Brigade was withdrawn due to the retreat of the right wing of the 10th Army. By the night of August 28, the Germans captured the first position at Friedrichstadt.
1602:
On August 14, the 5th Army resumed the offensive. Until nightfall, the right wing of the army advanced successfully but slowly. The cavalry corps of Troubetzkoy and the detachment of Grabbe were pinned down by the attacks of the 5th German cavalry corps. The offensive of the 19th and 3rd army corps
1538:
Due to the retreat of the 19th Army Corps on the night of August 4, Plehve withdrew other corps of the 5th Army. Having received information about the transfer of part of the German troops from Riga, Plehve ordered his troops on August 5 to launch a counteroffensive. In stubborn fighting during the
1738:
By August 26, the German 10th Army approached Vilno from the north and northwest. He managed to push back the mounted barriers of the Russian 10th Army. The Russian 5th Army Corps and the 3rd Siberian Army Corps were forced to retreat; the divisions of the Russian 2nd and 26th army corps were also
1565:
After midnight on August 8, Plehve, dissatisfied with the results of the battles, ordered G. Troubetzkoy to personally lead the attack. By the night of August 9, the offensive was a complete success. During the day, more than 50 prisoners and 3 machine guns were captured. On August 9, the 5th Army
1750:
The timely transfer and introduction of eight Russian divisions into battle north of Vilno frustrated Hindenburg's hopes for a quick (after the fall of Kovno) capture of this city, which was a major junction of railways and highways. Also, thanks to the active actions of the Russian 5th Army, the
1526:
On August 2–3, the Army of the Niemen pursued the retreating corps of the Russian 5th Army, capturing 3,250 prisoners and 2 machine guns. After receiving the order to turn the army to Vilno, O. von Below ordered to stop the pursuit, go on the defensive in the Riga direction, leaving only the 29th
1676:
In the conditions of the German advance to Vilno, the headquarters of the armies of the North-Western Front sent the 5th Army Corps to the 10th Army (the Guards Corps, landing in Vilno, was the reserve of the Russian Supreme Commander). On August 21, Radkevich ordered to prevent the Germans from
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river, and the Grabbe's detachment was not successful. By order of Plehve, from 17 o'clock the 19th and 3rd army corps went on the offensive. Before nightfall, they managed to get within 300-600 paces of the German positions. The detachment of N. Kaznakov, having suffered significant losses from
1763:
German troops during the operation captured up to 51,000 prisoners, 1,326 guns (mainly in Kovno) and 40 machine guns. The ratio of losses (killed and missing) was 1 to 5 in favor of the German Imperial Army. In the July battles, the Germans managed to disorient the command of the armies of the
1658:, with the right wing to advance from Augustow to Grodno. The 4th cavalry division and three landwehr divisions from the abolished X. von Beseler group entered the army. The Army of the Niemen was entrusted with covering the operation from the north with an offensive against Sventiany and Riga.
1722:
by the forces of Lieutenant General Shmettov's group, which continuously attacked the positions of the 37th Army Corps. By the night of August 27, the positions of the Tsikhovich detachment on the Ponemunok River were broken through. Due to heavy losses and the complete breakdown of units, the
1573:
launched an offensive towards the Aa River and knocked out the Germans from the right bank. Plehve, around midnight on August 13, was ordered to Troubetzkoy and M. Grabbe with a concentrated blow to break through the positions of the Germans, and the 3rd and 19th Army Corps to strengthen their
1539:
day, the Russians made little progress. The headquarters of the Army of the Niemen regarded the increase in the activity of the Russian side as an attempt to cover the flanks of the army. On August 7, the troops of the Riga fortified area entrenched themselves on the right bank of the
1550:, concentrating three infantry divisions near Panevėžys, but it was necessary to replenish troops and ammunition. At the same time, the chief of staff of the Russian 5th Army, E. Miller, informed the chief of staff of the armies of the North-Western Front,
1139:
1702:
On August 23, the 10th Army was again attacked by the Germans on the Neman River. After a stubborn battle, the Russian 2nd Army Corps and the 26th Army Corps withdrew. The guard divisions and the 5th Army Corps, which had begun to arrive in Vilno and
1739:
withdrawn under the onslaught of the German 21st Army Corps. On August 27, Radkevich united the 124th Infantry, 2nd Finnish Rifle and Border Composite Divisions under the command of the commander of the 5th Caucasian Army Corps, Lieutenant General
1527:
Landwehr and the 3rd and 18th cavalry brigades here, and send the infantry divisions to the south. To counter the German offensive on Riga, on August 3, P. Plehve entrusted the defense of the Riga fortified area to Lieutenant General
1735:. Artillery preparation destroyed the positions of the 2nd brigade of the 79th infantry division in 20 minutes. However, the Army of the Niemen failed to take Friedrichstadt on the move and capture the bridges on the Dvina River.
311:
1499:) occupied fortified positions - 217,041 men. Russian troops outnumbered the Germans in manpower and were inferior in artillery (superior in heavy) and, possibly, in machine guns. Experiencing interruptions in the supply of
1175:
1746:
By evening, the front of the right wing of the 10th Army had partially stabilized a few kilometers north and west of Vilno. But by nightfall, the Germans began to push the regiments of the 2nd and 26th army corps.
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1577:
On August 13, the Russian 5th Army again attacked the German positions and was met with stubborn resistance and counterattacks. If the 37th Army Corps and the 4th Cavalry Division moved forward and occupied
417:
304:
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B. Flug (3rd Siberian, 2nd and 26th army corps). Despite repeated orders to go on the offensive, the right wing of the 10th Army continued to retreat to Vilno and to the right bank of the Neman River.
1562:” . Therefore, he considered the creation of intermediate strongholds unsuitable for the situation and urged that all forces and means be urgently sent to build fortifications in front of Dvinsk.
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1731:
terrain and villages as base lines and points. On August 28–29, von Schmettov's group was pushed back on the left flank to the Nemenek River, but broke through the second line of defense near
297:
557:
410:
1456:) had 158,905 soldiers and officers and 600 guns in service, including only 50 heavy ones, and was operationally subdivided into the strong Northern Group of Lieutenant General
1424:, which was more in line with both the more complex natural environment (the area abounded in rivers, forests and swamps), and the importance attached by the Russian command to
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Since mid-August, the staff of Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East, considered the idea of developing an offensive in the Neman region - by breaking through to
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1364:. In the course of a successful offensive, the German army defeated the superior forces of the Russian army and reached the approaches to the important city of
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to destroy and intercept the railways in the Russian rear. The right flank of the operation was to be provided by the 8th and 12th armies with an attack on the
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to be sent against Kovno were detained to hold the positions of the Neman army. The German 10th Army also could not start an operation against Kovno in time.
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1751:
Germans failed to capture Jakobstadt and Friedrichstadt on the move. By this time, as the chief commander of the Dvina military district, engineer-general
1743:, instructing them to stand to the death. The divisions of the 34th Army Corps, which had lost their combat effectiveness, were assigned to the reserve.
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1400:, in fact continuing the active operations begun on the Riga direction at the end of April 1915. This operation was undertaken at the insistence of the
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River and attacked the remnants of the Kovno garrison. The 6th cavalry corps occupied Yanov and created the threat of a breakthrough to Vilno through
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1503:, like the rest of the Russian armies, the 5th Army was able to dispose of reserves of fortresses and had more opportunities to hold the front.
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River. For the Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East, the main goal of the actions was the envelopment and final capture of the
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Rivers, the Army of the Niemen of the P. von Hindenburg's army group carried out an operation against the right flank of the Russian
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384:
1707:, had to hold the front at Vilno. On August 24, Radkevich divided his army into two groups: the Vilno group of Lieutenant General
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River, retreated. On the night of August 14, Plehve replaced the temporary commander of the 37th Army Corps, Lieutenant General
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1420:. The result of intense disputes was a compromise decision on the distracting nature of the new offensive on the Neman and in
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1599:, and the detachment of Troubetzkoy was disbanded, leaving only the 1st and 2nd cavalry divisions under his command.
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to him, and ordered Lieutenant General G. Troubetzkoy to strike at the flank and rear of the Mitava's group.
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positions and conduct active reconnaissance, and in the event of an Germans retreat, vigorously pursue him.
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to Tukun: the second went on the offensive a few days later, linking the Russian troops along the front.
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On the morning of August 23, the Germans attacked the detachments of Tsikhovich, Troubetzkoy and
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On August 20, the German 10th Army launched an offensive northeast of Kovno. Litzman's group (
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group of armies to divert Russian forces from the direction of the main German blow of the
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1356:. However, it gradually changed into an offensive of two German armies to capture the
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In a difficult situation, the chief of staff of the 10th Army, Major General
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1008:
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1558:, “there are absolutely no means to directly cover the paths to Vilno and
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1401:
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81:
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For the offensive on Riga, the Army of the Niemen of Infantry General
1389:
1792:Корольков Г.К. Сражение под Шавли.М.– Л.:Государственное издание, 1926
1718:
On August 26, the Army of the Niemen continued its offensive against
1582:, then the 1st and 2nd cavalry divisions were pushed back beyond the
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1666:
1635:
1555:
1437:
1433:
1357:
1353:
1425:
1365:
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77:
1464:. The first received the task of advancing to the highway from
1436:
fortress, which supported the Russian battle formations on the
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293:
103:
German imperial army occupy most part of Courland and Lithuania
2133:
128,000 in offensive; 66,000 is Kovno Garrison; 20,900 unarmed
1546:
The offensive of the Army of the Niemen intended to strike at
2017:
Die deutsche kavallerie in Litauen und Kurland, p. 143-144
1990:
Die deutsche kavallerie in Litauen und Kurland, p. 137-138
1812:
1810:
1846:Корольков Г. К. Сражение под Шавли. - М.; Л., 1926, p.8-9
1711:(Guards, 5th and 34th army corps) and Neman group of the
27:
1915 German offensive on the Eastern Front of World War I
2103:
The Great Retreat and stabilization of the Eastern Front
1569:
On the afternoon of August 12, in the Riga region, the
2053:
Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, 1932, p. 488-489
2035:
Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, 1932, p. 486-488
1927:
Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, 1932, p. 481-484
1909:
Die deutsche kavallerie in Litauen und Kurland, p. 136
1882:
Die deutsche kavallerie in Litauen und Kurland, p. 136
1855:
Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, 1932, p. 475-476
2099:Великое отступление и стабилизация восточного фронта
1665:, 3rd, 76th and 79th reserve divisions) crossed the
1412:, contrary to the negative opinion of Chief of the
1891:Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, 1932, p. 467
1543:River. In two days, only 40 prisoners were taken.
1402:Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East
1837:Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII.,1932, p.356
1828:Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII.,1932, p.266
1314:Preliminary Ukrainian-Soviet peace treaty (1918)
56:German summer offensive in the Eastern Front 1915
2071:Amtliche Kriegsdepeschen. Bd.2, p. 787, 834, 900
1299:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)
1646:and send the cavalry to raid against Minsk and
1554:, that with the army sector stretched over 250
32:
411:
305:
8:
1972:Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, p. 485
1954:Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, p. 485
1936:Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Bd. VIII, p. 485
1587:cannon and machine-gun fire from behind the
1479:On the Russian side, from the mouth of the
1462:Karl Ernst Manfred Freiherr von Richthofen
418:
404:
396:
312:
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29:
1816:
1801:
1384:on the Narew River and the army group of
2165:Battles of World War I involving Germany
266:In offensive: 120,000 men and 1,960 guns
2160:Battles of World War I involving Russia
2126:
1785:
7:
1495:(chief of staff, Lieutenant General
1518:Russian counteroffensive near Riga
25:
1864:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 658-659
284:95,000 including 27,000 captured
248:
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217:
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183:
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118:
50:
1452:(Chief of Staff, Major General
1440:- close to the German border.
1408:and his Chief of the Staff E.
1340:'s offensive, launched by the
1135:Battle for Kamianets-Podilskyi
1:
2080:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 678
2062:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 677
2044:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 676
2026:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 675
2008:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 674
1999:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 673
1981:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 672
1963:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 672
1945:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 671
1918:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 664
1900:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 663
1873:С.Г. Нелипович, 2022, p. 662
1571:13th Siberian Rifle Division
2181:
1618:
1615:Fall of the Kovno fortress
1510:
1460:and the Southern Group of
1414:German Great General Staff
1309:Treaty of Bucharest (1918)
271:188,500 men and 1,735 guns
1214:Assault on Chongar Bridge
1094:Battle of Bobruysk (1918)
965:Second Brusilov offensive
435:
331:
275:
260:
229:
143:
111:
60:
49:
37:
2098:
1507:German offensive on Riga
1258:Romanian Campaign (1918)
1036:Romanian Campaign (1917)
970:Romanian campaign (1916)
742:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
68:14 July – 28 August 1915
1713:General of the Infantry
1533:7th Siberian Army Corps
1360:fortress and reach the
1334:Riga–Schaulen offensive
1304:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
497:East Prussia war crimes
33:Riga-Schaulen offensive
18:Riga-Schaulen offensive
1444:Comparison of strength
323:Great Retreat (Russia)
201:Manfred von Richthofen
144:Commanders and leaders
2105:]. Moscow: Вече.
1626:First Vilno offensive
1619:Further information:
1595:, with Major General
1511:Further information:
1380:of the army group of
960:Baranovichi offensive
541:Halich-Lviv offensive
276:Casualties and losses
1597:Januarius Tsikhovich
1531:, subordinating the
1513:First Riga offensive
1338:Imperial German Army
1263:Anti-Hetman Uprising
748:Gorlice breakthrough
1491:of Cavalry General
1458:Otto von Lauenstein
1454:Alfred von Böckmann
1406:Paul von Hindenburg
1147:The Battle of Irpin
1123:Battle of Berdychiv
992:February Revolution
841:Dniestr–Zolota Lypa
385:Dniestr–Zolota Lypa
190:Otto von Lauenstein
157:Paul von Hindenburg
1398:Northwestern Front
1376:Together with the
1342:Army of the Niemen
1058:October Revolution
1014:Tarnopol-Offensive
997:Kerensky offensive
927:Brusilov offensive
689:2nd Masurian Lakes
558:Galicia war crimes
492:1st Masurian Lakes
243:Army of the Niemen
2112:978-5-4484-4482-1
2095:Oleynikov, Alexei
1418:E. von Falkenhayn
1329:
1328:
980:Christmas Battles
716:2nd Vistula River
582:Laski and Anielin
576:1st Vistula River
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392:
288:
287:
213:Mikhail Alekseyev
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16:(Redirected from
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1997:
1991:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1386:A. von Mackensen
1350:summer offensive
1322:
1222:
1203:
1195:Battle for Izyum
1191:
1179:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1079:Battle of Galați
1022:
890:
858:Strypa offensive
673:
665:Kozevo offensive
599:2nd East Prussia
554:
451:1st East Prussia
430:
420:
413:
406:
397:
326:
324:
314:
307:
300:
291:
253:
252:
251:
241:
240:
222:
221:
220:
211:
210:
209:
199:
198:
188:
187:
177:
176:
168:Erich Ludendorff
166:
165:
155:
154:
136:
135:
134:
124:
122:
121:
62:
61:
54:
30:
21:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2113:
2100:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1770:
1761:
1741:Nikolai Istomin
1628:
1623:
1617:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1446:
1382:M. von Gallwitz
1374:
1330:
1325:
1316:
1216:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1113:
1046:Kornilov affair
1016:
884:
667:
548:
431:
426:
424:
394:
389:
327:
322:
320:
318:
267:
249:
247:
235:
218:
216:
215:
207:
205:
193:
192:
182:
181:
171:
170:
160:
159:
149:
132:
130:
119:
117:
99:
85:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2178:
2176:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2150:1915 in Europe
2142:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2111:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1819:, p. 298.
1817:Oleynikov 2024
1806:
1804:, p. 279.
1802:Oleynikov 2024
1794:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1774:Siege of Kovno
1769:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1733:Friedrichstadt
1720:Friedrichstadt
1697:Mikhail Grabbe
1663:115th infantry
1627:
1624:
1621:Siege of Kovno
1616:
1613:
1519:
1516:
1508:
1505:
1497:Yevgeny Miller
1450:Otto von Below
1445:
1442:
1373:
1370:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1293:Peace treaties
1290:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1180:
1171:Lozova station
1168:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1120:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1004:
994:
988:
987:
983:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
951:
950:
945:
940:
935:
923:
918:
913:
907:
906:
902:
901:
896:
891:
879:
872:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
844:
843:
838:
837:
836:
831:
821:
816:
811:
810:
809:
807:Novogeorgievsk
804:
799:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
756:
755:
750:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
712:
711:
706:
696:
691:
686:
681:
680:
679:
674:
662:
650:
644:
643:
639:
638:
633:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
584:
579:
572:
567:
562:
561:
560:
555:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
501:
500:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
447:
441:
440:
436:
433:
432:
425:
423:
422:
415:
408:
400:
391:
390:
388:
387:
382:
381:
380:
375:
365:
360:
355:
354:
353:
351:Novogeorgievsk
348:
343:
332:
329:
328:
319:
317:
316:
309:
302:
294:
286:
285:
282:
278:
277:
273:
272:
269:
263:
262:
258:
257:
245:
232:
231:
230:Units involved
227:
226:
203:
179:Otto von Below
146:
145:
141:
140:
138:Russian Empire
128:
114:
113:
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
95:
94:
93:German victory
91:
87:
86:
76:
74:
70:
69:
66:
58:
57:
47:
46:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2177:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:German Empire
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2130:
2127:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1748:
1744:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:Pyotr Baluyev
1706:
1700:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1679:M. Kaigorodov
1674:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1652:Pinsk Marshes
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1625:
1622:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1605:Jara-Šetekšna
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1517:
1514:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1483:River to the
1482:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:Western Dvina
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1362:Western Dvina
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1320:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1276:Naval warfare
1275:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1243:Hetman's coup
1241:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
985:
984:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
949:
946:
944:
943:Kostiuchnówka
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
930:
929:
928:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
904:
903:
900:
897:
895:
892:
888:
883:
880:
878:
877:
873:
871:
870:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
842:
839:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
825:
824:Riga-Schaulen
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
797:2nd Przasnysz
795:
794:
793:
790:
789:
788:
787:
786:Great Retreat
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
754:
751:
749:
746:
745:
744:
743:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
700:
697:
695:
694:1st Przasnysz
692:
690:
687:
685:
684:Humin-Bolimów
682:
678:
675:
671:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
655:
651:
649:
646:
645:
641:
640:
637:
636:Lupovsky Pass
634:
632:
631:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
589:
585:
583:
580:
578:
577:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
559:
556:
552:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
507:
506:
502:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
454:
453:
452:
448:
446:
443:
442:
438:
437:
434:
429:
428:Eastern Front
421:
416:
414:
409:
407:
402:
401:
398:
386:
383:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
369:
368:Riga-Schaulen
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
341:2nd Przasnysz
339:
338:
337:
334:
333:
330:
325:
315:
310:
308:
303:
301:
296:
295:
292:
283:
280:
279:
274:
270:
268:Total unknown
265:
264:
259:
256:
246:
244:
239:
234:
233:
228:
225:
214:
204:
202:
197:
191:
186:
180:
175:
169:
164:
158:
153:
148:
147:
142:
139:
129:
127:
126:German Empire
116:
115:
110:
102:
97:
96:
92:
89:
88:
83:
79:
75:
72:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
53:
48:
45:
41:
40:Eastern Front
36:
31:
19:
2129:
2102:
2088:Bibliography
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1797:
1788:
1762:
1749:
1745:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1701:
1694:
1683:
1675:
1660:
1656:Druskininkai
1629:
1609:
1601:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1545:
1537:
1525:
1521:
1493:Pavel Plehve
1478:
1472:and through
1447:
1388:between the
1375:
1346:Hindenburg's
1344:of Paul von
1336:was a major
1333:
1331:
1104:
1051:
925:
882:Death Island
874:
867:
823:
784:
740:
726:1st Courland
652:
628:
586:
574:
503:
472:Gross-Bresau
449:
367:
224:Pavel Plehve
112:Belligerents
38:Part of the
1644:Dvina River
1593:G. Levitsky
1552:A. Gulevich
1529:N. Lisovsky
1487:coast, the
1317: [
1268:Motovilivka
1217: [
1198: [
1186: [
1174: [
1150: [
1138: [
1126: [
1114: [
1105:Faustschlag
1017: [
911:Lake Naroch
885: [
814:Vistula-Bug
780:Kraupishken
775:3rd Osowiec
731:2nd Bolimów
721:2nd Osowiec
668: [
654:Carpathians
630:Bzura-Rawka
614:Krzywopłoty
570:1st Osowiec
549: [
546:Jarosławice
521:Zolota Lypa
511:1st Kraśnik
487:Abschwangen
457:Stallupönen
358:Vistula-Bug
98:Territorial
44:World War I
2144:Categories
1780:References
1753:N. Tumanov
1671:Wiłkomierz
1501:ammunition
1410:Ludendorff
1372:Background
1282:Baltic Sea
1236:Sevastopol
1089:Bessarabia
955:2nd Kekava
921:Stolovichy
916:1st Kekava
526:Gnila Lipa
482:Tannenberg
445:Wierzbołów
373:First Riga
2097:(2024).
1705:Lentvaris
1560:Sventiany
1474:Goldingen
1378:offensive
1287:Black Sea
1231:Salt Lake
1063:Zhmerynka
1026:Krechowce
1009:July Days
975:Schmarden
938:Mamornița
853:Grubeshov
792:Bug-Narew
709:Kalvarija
660:Rafajlowa
648:Cârlibaba
624:Łowczówek
588:San River
477:Gumbinnen
336:Bug-Narew
1768:See also
1690:Memelhof
1686:I. Popov
1607:rivers.
1580:Memelhof
1548:Wilkomir
1489:5th Army
1466:Schaulen
1428:and the
1422:Courland
1392:and the
1253:Dibrivka
1166:Bakhmach
1099:Rarańcza
1041:2nd Riga
829:1st Riga
736:Pakosław
619:Limanowa
594:Mołotków
565:Augustów
261:Strength
82:Schaulen
73:Location
1759:Outcome
1648:Polotsk
1642:to the
1481:Dubyssa
1390:Vistula
1084:Finland
894:Smorgon
819:Jastków
765:Rokitna
753:Syniava
677:Makivka
536:Gorodek
516:Komarow
505:Galicia
467:Kaushen
363:Jastków
100:changes
2109:
1589:Sventa
1584:Rovėja
1556:versts
1485:Baltic
1470:Mitava
1248:Kaniów
1226:Sivash
1209:Crimea
1183:Donbas
1052:Albion
1002:Zboriv
899:Zurnvo
770:Tarłów
760:Konary
609:Kraków
281:20,000
255:V Army
123:
90:Result
2121:Notes
2101:[
1667:Neris
1640:Vilno
1636:Minsk
1632:Vilno
1541:Eckau
1438:Neman
1434:Kovno
1358:Kovno
1354:Narew
1321:]
1221:]
1202:]
1190:]
1178:]
1159:Narva
1154:]
1142:]
1130:]
1118:]
1111:Keila
1031:Krevo
1021:]
948:Kowel
933:Lutsk
889:]
876:Vilno
869:Rovno
848:Rasna
834:Kovno
802:Narew
704:Memel
699:Łomża
672:]
553:]
462:Orlau
378:Kovno
346:Narew
2107:ISBN
1634:and
1426:Riga
1366:Riga
1332:The
1073:1918
986:1917
905:1916
863:Prut
642:1915
604:Łódź
531:Rawa
439:1914
84:area
80:and
78:Riga
65:Date
1468:to
1394:Bug
1352:on
42:of
2146::
1809:^
1692:.
1416:,
1404:-
1368:.
1319:uk
1219:ru
1200:uk
1188:uk
1176:uk
1152:uk
1140:uk
1128:uk
1116:et
1019:de
887:lv
670:ru
551:ru
2115:.
419:e
412:t
405:v
313:e
306:t
299:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
