Handedness - Knowledge

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perception and gross motor skills. As speech is a very complex motor control task, the specialised fine motor areas controlling speech are most efficiently used to also control fine motor movement in the dominant hand. As the right hand is controlled by the left hemisphere (and the left hand is controlled by the right hemisphere) most people are, therefore right-handed. The theory depends on left-handed people having a reversed organisation. However, the majority of left-handers have been found to have left-hemisphere language dominance—just like right-handers. Only around 30% of left-handers are not left-hemisphere dominant for language. Some of those have reversed brain organisation, where the verbal processing takes place in the right-hemisphere and visuospatial processing is dominant to the left hemisphere. Others have more ambiguous bilateral organisation, where both hemispheres do parts of typically lateralised functions. When tasks designed to investigate lateralisation (preference for handedness) are averaged across a group of left-handers, the overall effect is that left-handers show the same pattern of data as right-handers, but with a reduced asymmetry. This finding is likely due to the small proportion of left-handers who have atypical brain organisation. The majority of the evidence comes from literature assessing oral language production and comprehension. When it comes to writing, findings from recent studies were inconclusive for a difference in lateralization for writing between left-handers and right-handers.

72: 1193:(left-handedness) and increase public awareness of the advantages and disadvantages of being left-handed." It celebrates their uniqueness and differences, who are from seven to ten percent of the world's population. Thousands of left-handed people in today's society have to adapt to use right-handed tools and objects. Again according to the club, "in the U.K. alone there were over 20 regional events to mark the day in 2001 – including left-v-right sports matches, a left-handed tea party, pubs using left-handed corkscrews where patrons drank and played pub games with the left hand only, and nationwide 'Lefty Zones' where left-handers' creativity, adaptability and sporting prowess were celebrated, whilst right-handers were encouraged to try out everyday left-handed objects to see just how awkward it can feel using the wrong equipment." 704: 433:

in more diverse and potentially creative ways. Also, a slightly larger number of left-handers than right-handers are especially gifted in music and math. A study of musicians in professional orchestras found a significantly greater proportion of talented left-handers, even among those who played instruments that seem designed for right-handers, such as violins. Similarly, studies of adolescents who took tests to assess mathematical giftedness found many more left-handers in the population.

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right-handed bowler and therefore deals with less breakdown of the original oil placement. This means left-handed bowlers have to adjust their shot less frequently than right-handed bowlers in team events or qualifying rounds where there are possibly 4-10 people per set of two lanes. This can allow them to stay more consistent. However, this advantage is not present in bracket rounds and tournament finals where matches are 1v1 on a pair of lanes.

1166:, developed for the comfortable use of right-handed people, it is considered more difficult to write legible Chinese characters with the left hand than it is to write Latin letters, though difficulty is subjective and depends on the writer. Because writing when moving one's hand away from its side towards the other side of the body can cause smudging if the outward side of the hand is allowed to drag across the writing, writing in the 479:

that when a child developed a consistent use of their right or left hand during infancy (such as using the right hand to put the pacifier back in, or grasping random objects with the left hand), they were more likely to have superior language skills as a toddler. Children who became lateral later than infancy (i.e., when they were toddlers) showed normal development of language and had typical language scores. The researchers used

6699: 822:. For the same reason, the other infielder's positions are seen as being advantageous to right-handed throwers. Historically, there have been few left-handed catchers because of the perceived disadvantage a left-handed catcher would have in making the throw to third base, especially with a right-handed hitter at the plate. A left-handed catcher would have a potentially more dangerous time tagging out a 1046:, and so on. While not requiring a purpose-designed product, there are more appropriate ways for left-handers to tie shoelaces. There are companies that supply products designed specifically for left-handed use. One such is Anything Left-Handed, which in 1967 opened a shop in Soho, London; the shop closed in 2006, but the company continues to supply left-handed products worldwide by mail order. 103:. In a study from 1975 on 7,688 children in US grades 1–6, left handers comprised 9.6% of the sample, with 10.5% of male children and 8.7% of female children being left-handed. Overall, around 90% of people are right-handed. Handedness is often defined by one's writing hand, as it is fairly common for people to prefer to do a particular task with a particular hand. There are people with true 645: 1143:. While a right-hander could smoothly drag the pen across paper from left to right, a dip pen could not easily be pushed across by the left hand without digging into the paper and making blots and stains. Even with more modern pens, writing from left to right, as in many languages, with the left hand covers and can smear what was just written when moving across the line. 985:

left-handed cricketers who have gone to an early grave trying desperately to shoot straight with a right-handed Lee Enfield .303", wrote a journalist reviewing the study in the cricket press. The findings echo those of previous American studies, which found that left-handed US sailors were 34% more likely to have a serious accident than their right-handed counterparts.

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writing method, the left-handed writer can write as neatly and efficiently or as messily and slowly as right-handed writers. Usually the left-handed child needs to be taught how to write correctly with the left hand, since discovering a comfortable left-handed writing method on one's own may not be straightforward.

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was 1.23, indicating that men are 23% more likely to be left-handed. For example, if the incidence of female left-handedness was 10%, then the incidence of male left-handedness would be approximately 12% (10% incidence of left-handedness among women multiplied by an odds ratio of 1:1.23 for women:men

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Studies in the U.K., U.S. and Australia have revealed that left-handed people differ from right-handers by only one IQ point, which is not noteworthy ... Left-handers' brains are structured differently from right-handers' in ways that can allow them to process language, spatial relations and emotions

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Because the vast majority of the population is right-handed, many devices are designed for use by right-handed people, making their use by left-handed people more difficult. In many countries, left-handed people are or were required to write with their right hands. However, left-handed people have an

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International Left-Handers Day is held annually every August 13. It was founded by the Left-Handers Club in 1992, with the club itself having been founded in 1990. International Left-Handers Day is, according to the club, "an annual event when left-handers everywhere can celebrate their sinistrality

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history have been posted by left-handed batters. Left-handed batters have a slightly shorter run from the batter's box to first base than right-handers. This gives left-handers a slight advantage in beating throws to first base on infield ground balls. Perhaps more important, the follow through of a

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faster the more times a ball is rolled down the lane. Bowlers must continually adjust their shots to compensate for the ball's change in rotation as the game or series is played and the oil is altered from its original pattern. A left-handed bowler competes on the opposite side of the lane from the

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Nelson, Campbell, and Michel studied infants and whether developing handedness during infancy correlated with language abilities in toddlers. In the article they assessed 38 infants and followed them through to 12 months and then again once they became toddlers from 18 to 24 months. They discovered

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One common handedness theory is the brain hemisphere division of labor. In most people, the left side of the brain controls speaking. The theory suggests it is more efficient for the brain to divide major tasks between the hemispheres—thus most people may use the non-speaking (right) hemisphere for

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and related to "adroit") means both "right" and "straight", as well as "law" and the legal sense of "right". The name "Dexter" derives from the Latin for "right", as does the word "dexterity" meaning manual skill. As these are all very old words, they would tend to support theories indicating that

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Moreover, apart from inconvenience, left-handed people have historically been considered unlucky or even malicious for their difference by the right-handed majority. In many languages, including English, the word for the direction "right" also means "correct" or "proper". Throughout history, being

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show that left-handed batters have a slight advantage over right-handed batters when facing right-handed pitchers. Because there are fewer left-handed pitchers than right-handed pitchers, left-handed batters have more opportunities to face right-handed pitchers than their right-handed counterparts

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As handedness is a highly heritable trait associated with various medical conditions, and because many of these conditions could have presented a Darwinian fitness challenge in ancestral populations, this indicates left-handedness may have previously been rarer than it currently is, due to natural

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by Storfer. According to the study, 7.2% of the men and 18.8% of the women evaluated their left-right directional sense as poor or below average; moreover participants who were relatively ambidextrous experienced problems more frequently than did those who were more strongly left- or right-handed.

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spread across Western Europe and the United States in the 19th century, workers needed to operate complex machines that were designed with right-handers in mind. This would have made left-handers more visible and at the same time appear less capable and more clumsy. Writing left-handed with a dip

957:(atypical sexual interests) have also been linked to higher rates of left-handedness. A 2008 study analyzing the sexual fantasies of 200 males found "elevated paraphilic interests were correlated with elevated non-right handedness". Greater rates of left-handedness have also been documented among 495:

found that left-handers, particularly those with mixed-hand preference, performed significantly better than right-handers in musical memory tasks. There are also handedness differences in perception of musical patterns. Left-handers as a group differ from right-handers, and are more heterogeneous

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Infants have been observed to fluctuate heavily when choosing a hand to lead in grasping and object manipulation tasks, especially in one- versus two-handed grasping. Between 36 and 48 months, there is a significant decline in variability between handedness in one-handed grasping; it can be seen

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Some non-human primates have a preferred hand for tasks, but they do not display a strong right-biased preference like modern humans, with individuals equally split between right-handed and left-handed preferences. When exactly a right handed preference developed in the human lineage is unknown,

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might possibly be less feasible with the left hand than the right under certain circumstances. Conversely, right-to-left alphabets, such as the Arabic and Hebrew, are generally considered easier to write with the left hand. Depending on the position and inclination of the writing paper, and the

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The decrease in handedness variability in children of 36–48 months may be attributable to preschool or kindergarten attendance due to increased single-hand activities such as writing and coloring. Scharoun and Bryden noted that right-handed preference increases with age up to the teenage years.

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whose handedness was a matter of public record—found that left-handed men were almost twice as likely to die in war as their right-handed contemporaries. The study theorised that this was because weapons and other equipment was designed for the right-handed. "I can sympathise with all those

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argues that the proportion of left-handers is increasing, and that an above-average quota of high achievers have been left-handed. He says that left-handers' brains are structured in a way that increases their range of abilities, and that the genes that determine left-handedness also govern

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Many tools and procedures are designed to facilitate use by right-handed people, often without realizing the difficulties incurred by the left-handed. John W. Santrock has written, "For centuries, left-handers have suffered unfair discrimination in a world designed for right-handers."

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trying to score. With the ball in the glove on the right hand, a left-handed catcher would have to turn his body to the left to tag a runner. In doing so, he can lose the opportunity to brace himself for an impending collision. On the other hand, the Encyclopedia of Baseball Catchers

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has been used since 1971 but contains some dated questions and is hard to score. Revisions have been published by Veale and by Williams. The longer Waterloo Handedness Questionnaire is not widely accessible. More recently, the Flinders Handedness Survey (FLANDERS) has been developed.

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means "left" as well as "unlucky", and this double meaning survives in European derivatives of Latin, including the English words "sinister" (meaning both 'evil' and 'on the bearer's left on a coat of arms') and "ambisinister" meaning 'awkward or clumsy with both or either hand'.

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based medication used between 1940 and 1971) were more likely to be left-handed over the clinical control group. Diethylstilbestrol animal studies "suggest that estrogen affects the developing brain, including the part that governs sexual behavior and right and left dominance".

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Interactive sports such as table tennis, badminton and cricket have an overrepresentation of left-handedness, while non-interactive sports such as swimming show no overrepresentation. Smaller physical distance between participants increases the overrepresentation. In

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than right-handers and that right-handers also took more time to complete the tests. In a systematic review and meta-analysis, Ntolka & Papadatou-Pastou (2018) found that right-handers had higher IQ scores, but that difference was negligible (about 1.5 points).

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There are many negative connotations associated with the phrase "left-handed": clumsy, awkward, unlucky, insincere, sinister, malicious, and so on. A "left-handed compliment" is one that has two meanings, one of which is unflattering to the recipient. In French,

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will break away from a right-handed batter and towards a left-handed batter (batting left or right does not indicate left or right handedness). While studies of handedness show that only 10% of the general population is left-handed, the proportion of left-handed

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Researchers studied fetuses in utero and determined that handedness in the womb was a very accurate predictor of handedness after birth. In a 2013 study, 39% of infants (6 to 14 months) and 97% of toddlers (18 to 24 months) demonstrated a hand preference.

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Writing from left to right as in many languages, in particular, with the left hand covers and tends to smear (depending upon ink drying) what was just written. Left-handed writers have developed various ways of holding a pen for best results. For using a

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Handedness displays a complex inheritance pattern. For example, if both parents of a child are left-handed, there is a 26% chance of that child being left-handed. A large study of twins from 25,732 families by Medland et al. (2006) indicates that the

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economist Joshua Goodman finds that left-handed people earn 10 to 12 percent less over the course of their lives than right-handed people. Goodman attributes this disparity to higher rates of emotional and behavioral problems in left-handed people.

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Titus-Ernstoff, Linda; Perez, Kimberly; Hatch, Elizabeth E.; Troisi, Rebecca; Palmer, Julie R.; Hartge, Patricia; Hyer, Marianne; Kaufman, Raymond; Adam, Ervin; Strohsnitter, William; Noller, Kenneth; Pickett, Kate E.; Hoover, Robert (March 2003).

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Many products for left-handed use are made by specialist producers, although not available from normal suppliers. Items as simple as a knife ground for use with the right hand are less convenient for left-handers. There is a multitude of examples:

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Papadopoulou AK, Samsouris C, Vlachos F, Badcock N, Phylactou P, Papadatou-Pastou (November 2023). "Exploring cerebral laterality of writing and the relationship to handedness: a functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound investigation".

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concluded that there was no statistically significant correlation between handedness and earnings for the general population, but among college-educated people, left-handers earned 10 to 15% more than their right-handed counterparts.

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being roughly twice as likely to be left-handed, as well as generally lower cognitive and non-cognitive abilities amongst left-handed children. Left-handers are nevertheless also overrepresented in high IQ societies, such as

854:, left-handed players have an advantage on the right side of the field when attacking, getting a better angle, and that defenders might be unused to them. Since few people are left-handed, there is a demand for such players. 894:

on the opposite hand, which protects the quarterback's "blind side", is typically the most valued member of the offensive line. Receivers also have to adapt to the opposite spin. While uncommon, there have been several

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may sometimes affect the brains of unborn children, causing higher rates of left-handedness in children whose mothers receive ultrasound during pregnancy. Research suggests there may be a weak association between

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includes one left-handed and one right-handed defender. A disproportionately large number of ice hockey players of all positions, 62 percent, shoot left, though this does not necessarily indicate left-handedness.

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Because a left-handed pitcher faces first base when he is in position to throw to the batter, whereas a right-handed pitcher has his back to first base, a left-handed pitcher has an advantage when attempting to

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selection. However, on average, left-handers have been found to have an advantage in fighting and competitive, interactive sports, which could have increased their reproductive success in ancestral populations.

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In 2019, Wiberg et al. performed a genome-wide association study and found that handedness was significantly associated with four loci, three of them in genes encoding proteins involved in brain development.

4832: 769:, right-handed) batter more than a right-handed bowler does, because the angle of a bowler's delivery to an opposite-handed batter is much more penetrating than that of a bowler to a same-handed batter (see 1150:

were beaten by schoolteachers or parents for writing with their left hand, or had their left hands tied behind their backs to force them to write with their right hand. As a child, the future British king

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Some studies examining the relationship between handedness and sexual orientation have reported that a disproportionate minority of homosexual people exhibit left-handedness, though findings are mixed.

795: 1231:) preferentially use their left hand for behaviours that involve fine manipulation, but the right for behaviours that require more physical strength. There was less evidence for handedness in 2495:

Laval SH, Dann JC, Butler RJ, Loftus J, Rue J, Leask SJ, et al. (September 1998). "Evidence for linkage to psychosis and cerebral asymmetry (relative hand skill) on the X chromosome".

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across his body, with his glove moving out of the strike zone. A left-handed catcher would be able to catch the pitch moving into the strike zone and create a better target for the umpire.

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because they are better suited to fielding balls hit in the gap between first and second base, and because they do not have to pivot their body around before throwing the ball to another

6324:А. П. Чуприков, В. Д. Мишиев. // Латеральность населения СССР в конце 70-х и начале 80-х годов. К истории латеральной нейропсихологии и нейропсихиатрии. Хрестоматия. Донецк, 2010, 192 с. 2103:

Nicholls, Michael E.R.; Thomas, Nicole A.; Loetscher, Tobias; Grimshaw, Gina M. (November 2013). "The Flinders Handedness survey (FLANDERS): A brief measure of skilled hand preference".

1155:(1895–1952) was naturally left-handed. He was forced to write with his right hand, as was common practice at the time. He was not expected to become king, so that was not a factor. 122:

that involves aiming at a target in an area of an opponent's control, as their opponents are more accustomed to the right-handed majority. As a result, they are over-represented in

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had a right-handedness bias like modern humans. Attempts to determine handedness of early humans by analysing the morphology of lithic artefacts have been found to be unreliable.

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Blanchard R, Kolla NJ, Cantor JM, Klassen PE, Dickey R, Kuban ME, Blak T (September 2007). "IQ, handedness, and pedophilia in adult male patients stratified by referral source".

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is the change of hand preference between different tasks. This is about as widespread as left-handedness. This is highly associated with the person's childhood brain development.

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Yule MA, Brotto LA, Gorzalka BB (February 2014). "Biological markers of asexuality: Handedness, birth order, and finger length ratios in self-identified asexual men and women".

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left-handed swing provides momentum in the direction of first base, while the right handed batter must overcome the swing momentum towards third base before beginning his run.

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Williams, Terrance J.; Pepitone, Michelle E.; Christensen, Scott E.; Cooke, Bradley M.; Huberman, Andrew D.; Breedlove, Nicholas J.; Breedlove, Tessa J.; Jordan, Cynthia L.;

847:, typical strategy is to play along the left wall forcing the opponent to use their left hand to counter the attack and playing into the strength of a left-handed competitor. 4171: 4862: 4824: 4191:"Handedness in autism spectrum disorders and intellectually disabled children and adolescents - Contrasting caregivers' reports with assessments of hand preference" 4175: 4641: 172:

refers to having equal ability in both hands. Those who learn it still tend to favor their originally dominant hand. This is uncommon, with about a 1% prevalence.

2685:"Multilocus genetic models of handedness closely resemble single-locus models in explaining family data and are compatible with genome-wide association studies" 2452:

Warren DM, Stern M, Duggirala R, Dyer TD, Almasy L (November 2006). "Heritability and linkage analysis of hand, foot, and eye preference in Mexican Americans".

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indicate that genetic factors explain 25% of the variance in handedness, and environmental factors the remaining 75%. While the molecular basis of handedness

6531: 4889: 761:, even for a batter whose experience against left-handed bowlers equals their experience against right-handed bowlers), a left-handed bowler challenges the 1235:

species. Studies of dogs, horses, and domestic cats have shown that females of those species tend to be right-handed, while males tend to be left-handed.

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earlier in two-handed manipulation. Children of 18–36 months showed more hand preference when performing bi-manipulation tasks than with simple grasping.

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is the most common type. Right-handed people are more skillful with their right hands. Studies suggest that approximately 90% of people are right-handed.

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Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta; Ntolka, Eleni; Schmitz, Judith; Martin, Maryanne; Munafò, Marcus R.; Ocklenburg, Sebastian; Paracchini, Silvia (June 2020).

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Dyshniku F, Murray ME, Fazio RL, Lykins AD, Cantor JM (November 2015). "Minor Physical Anomalies as a Window into the Prenatal Origins of Pedophilia".

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Ntolka E, Papadatou-Pastou M (January 2018). "Right-handers have negligibly higher IQ scores than left-handers: Systematic review and meta-analyses".

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Studies have found a positive correlation between left-handedness and several specific physical and mental disorders and health problems, including:

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One advantage is a left-handed catcher's ability to frame a right-handed pitcher's breaking balls. A right-handed catcher catches a right-hander's

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Propper RE, Christman SD, Phaneuf KA (June 2005). "A mixed-handed advantage in episodic memory: a possible role of interhemispheric interaction".

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Pfeifer, Lena Sophie; Schmitz, Judith; Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta; Peterburs, Jutta; Paracchini, Silvia; Ocklenburg, Sebastian (15 January 2022).

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Schwartz G, Kim RM, Kolundzija AB, Rieger G, Sanders AR (February 2010). "Biodemographic and physical correlates of sexual orientation in men".

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asserts that non-sexual men and women were 2.4 and 2.5 times, respectively, more likely to be left-handed than their heterosexual counterparts.

6879: 5040: 405: 1162:, left-handed people were forced to switch to being right-handed, or at least switch to writing with the right hand. Due to the importance of 6476: 6138: 6105: 4736: 4031: 2033: 1361: 757:, the overall advantage of a bowler's left-handedness exceeds that resulting from experience alone: even disregarding the experience factor ( 6265: 6737: 6573: 5928:

Luders, Eileen; Cherbuin, Nicolas; Thompson, Paul M.; Gutman, Boris; Anstey, Kaarin J.; Sachdev, Perminder; Toga, Arthur W. (August 2010).

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Papadatou-Pastou M, Martin M, Munafò MR, Jones GV (September 2008). "Sex differences in left-handedness: a meta-analysis of 144 studies".

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Cantor JM, Klassen PE, Dickey R, Christensen BK, Kuban ME, Blak T, et al. (August 2005). "Handedness in pedophilia and hebephilia".

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Veale, Jaimie F. (4 March 2014). "Edinburgh Handedness Inventory – Short Form: A revised version based on confirmatory factor analysis".

446:. A 2005 study found that "approximately 20% of the members of Mensa are lefthanded, double the proportion in most general populations". 6902: 6653: 1967: 480: 401: 6790: 1351: 1315: 392:

The modern turn in handedness research has been towards emphasizing degree rather than direction of handedness as a critical variable.

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Hughes JR, Dorner E, Wind M (October 2008). "Is the decreased longevity among left-handers related to an increase in heart disease?".

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Kauko Heikkilä,a,1 Catharina E. M. Van Beijsterveldt,b Jari Haukka,c Matti Iivanainen,d,2 Aulikki Saari-Kemppainen,e (Jun 5, 2018).

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Two theoretical single-gene models have been proposed to explain the patterns of inheritance of handedness, by Marian Annett of the

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Harris, Lauren Julius (January 2010). "In fencing, what gives left-handers the edge? Views from the present and the distant past".

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Fagard J, Lockman JJ (2005). "The effect of task constraints on infants' (bi)manual strategy for grasping and exploring objects".

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show a left-hand preference for everyday tasks in the wild. 'True' handedness is unexpected in marsupials however, because unlike

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Smith LL, Hines M (July 2000). "Language lateralization and handedness in women prenatally exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES)".

1423: 1244: 896: 6498: 4254:"Excess of non-right-handedness in schizophrenia: meta-analysis of gender effects and potential biases in handedness assessment" 6658: 5301:

Zucker KJ, Beaulieu N, Bradley SJ, Grimshaw GM, Wilcox A (September 2001). "Handedness in boys with gender identity disorder".

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Luetters CM, Kelsey JL, Keegan TH, Quesenberry CP, Sidney S (November 2003). "Left-handedness as a risk factor for fractures".

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Goodman, Joshua (November 2014). "The Wages of Sinistrality: Handedness, Brain Structure, and Human Capital Accumulation".

2364:"LRRTM1 on chromosome 2p12 is a maternally suppressed gene that is associated paternally with handedness and schizophrenia" 6155: 5063: 4854: 1175: 742:. Some studies suggest that right handed male athletes tend to be statistically taller and heavier than left handed ones. 270: 251: 6295: 5125:

Lalumière ML, Blanchard R, Zucker KJ (July 2000). "Sexual orientation and handedness in men and women: a meta-analysis".

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Scheirs JG, Vingerhoets AJ (October 1995). "Handedness and other laterality indices in women prenatally exposed to DES".

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Wells, Deborah L.; Millsopp, Sarah (August 2009). "Lateralized behaviour in the domestic cat, Felis silvestris catus".

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According to a meta-analysis of 144 studies, totaling 1,787,629 participants, the best estimate for the male to female

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In a 2006 better correlate with the lateralization for writing compared to the other measuresstudy, researchers from

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Handedness may be measured behaviourally (performance measures) or through questionnaires (preference measures). The

99:. The other hand, comparatively often the weaker, less dextrous or simply less subjectively preferred, is called the 4945: 1058:

ground to optimise left-handed use (pushing rather than pulling across the paper) without scratching are available.

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were left-handed, while another study demonstrated that left-handedness was associated with a 62% increased risk of

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McManus, I. C. (2009). "The history and geography of human handedness". In Sommer, Iris E. C; Kahn, Rene S (eds.).

3160:"Genomic and evolutionary analyses of asymmetrically expressed genes in human fetal left and right cerebral cortex" 1320: 790: 4885: 7032: 6814: 3109:

Medland, Sarah E.; Duffy, David L.; Wright, Margaret J.; Geffen, Gina M.; Martin, Nicholas G. (1 February 2006).

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Williams, Stephen Meredith (2020). A major revision of the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory: The EHI-8 (Preprint).

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Left-handers are overrepresented among those with lower cognitive skills and mental impairments, with those with

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Rahman Q, Symeonides DJ (February 2008). "Neurodevelopmental correlates of paraphilic sexual interests in men".

1287: 997:, and with poorer communication between brain hemispheres, which may give poorer emotional processing, although 6730: 6566: 5160:

Mustanski BS, Bailey JM, Kaspar S (February 2002). "Dermatoglyphics, handedness, sex, and sexual orientation".

3696: 890:, when only one is used, typically line up on the same side as the throwing hand of the quarterback, while the 615: 5604:"Evidence for longevity differences between left handed and right handed men: an archival study of cricketers" 4664: 1903: 1850: 1139:

Before the development of fountain pens and other writing instruments, children were taught to write with a

7027: 6510:", Debate contribution by the Rt Hon. Mr. Peter Luff (MP for Mid-Worcestershire), House of Commons, 22 July. 4569:

Wysocki, C. J.; McManus, I. C. (March 2005). "Left-handers have a lower prevalence of arthritis and ulcer".

2413:"Parametric and non-parametric linkage analysis of several candidate regions for genes for human handedness" 1443: : being the one of a pair of bodily structures that is the more effective or predominant in action • 868: 655: 438: 323: 236: 3339:"Quantifying cerebral asymmetries for language in dextrals and adextrals with random-effects meta analysis" 67:

in Argentina. Left hands make up over 90% of the artwork, demonstrating the prevalence of right-handedness.

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This article is about left- and right-handedness in humans. For physical objects which are "handed", see

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did not align with their assigned sex, were more than twice as likely to be left-handed than a clinical

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Is your Child Left-Handed? Why, according to psychological tests, left-handed people ought to remain so

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McManus C (14 April 2012). "Is It True That Left-Handed People Are Smarter Than Right-Handed People?".

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Francks C, Maegawa S, Laurén J, Abrahams BS, Velayos-Baeza A, Medland SE, et al. (December 2007).

1264:, which also discusses counterclockwise/anticlockwise, the two terms for the opposite sense of rotation 107:(equal preference of either hand), but it is rare—most people prefer using one hand for most purposes. 4911: 597:

concluded: "Left-handers showed no systematic tendency to suffer from disorders of the immune system".

449:

Ghayas & Adil (2007) found that left-handers were significantly more likely to perform better on

6632: 6393: 5216: 4202: 4125: 3972: 3295: 3204:"Epigenetic regulation of lateralized fetal spinal gene expression underlies hemispheric asymmetries" 2696: 1805: 1330: 274: 5032: 2842:"Handedness, language areas and neuropsychiatric diseases: insights from brain imaging and genetics" 2742:"Common variants in left/right asymmetry genes and pathways are associated with relative hand skill" 7017: 6723: 6703: 6559: 6546: 3879:

Storfer, Miles D. (October 1995). "Problems in Left-Right Discrimination in a High-Iq Population".

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Hepper PG, Wells DL, Lynch C (2005). "Prenatal thumb sucking is related to postnatal handedness".

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Wiberg A, Ng M, Al Omran Y, Alfaro-Almagro F, McCarthy P, Marchini J, et al. (October 2019).

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Schachter SC (May 1994). "Handedness in women with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol".

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Coren, Stanley (1995). "Differences in Divergent Thinking as a Function of Handedness and Sex".

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Brandler WM, Morris AP, Evans DM, Scerri TS, Kemp JP, Timpson NJ, et al. (September 2013).

331:(sonography used to check the healthy development of the fetus and mother) and left-handedness. 6266:"Erste deutsche Beratungs- und Informationsstelle für Linkshänder und umge-schulte Linkshänder" 993:

A high level of handedness (whether strongly favoring right or left) is associated with poorer

6809: 6472: 6411: 6210: 6134: 6101: 6002: 5959: 5910: 5859: 5808: 5757: 5708: 5633: 5576: 5533: 5490: 5447: 5404: 5361: 5318: 5275: 5232: 5177: 5142: 5107: 4797: 4732: 4705: 4689: 4586: 4543: 4500: 4465: 4416: 4367: 4310: 4293:

Lin KR, Prabhu V, Shah H, Kamath A, Joseph B (2015). "Handedness in diplegic cerebral palsy".

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Science Creative Quarterly's overview of some of the genetic underpinnings of left-handedness

5777:"Degree of Handedness, but not Direction, is a Systematic Predictor of Cognitive Performance" 3646:"Degree of Handedness, but not Direction, is a Systematic Predictor of Cognitive Performance" 3390:"Complementary hemispheric specialization for language production and visuospatial attention" 520:

Lower-birth-weight and complications at birth are positively correlated with left-handedness.

470:

The study also revealed an effect of age, with younger participants reporting more problems.

254:

studies suggests that genetic variance in handedness cannot be explained by a single genetic

6826: 6596: 6464: 6438: 6401: 6202: 6126: 5986: 5949: 5941: 5930:"When more is less: Associations between corpus callosum size and handedness lateralization" 5900: 5890: 5849: 5839: 5798: 5788: 5747: 5700: 5623: 5615: 5568: 5525: 5482: 5439: 5396: 5353: 5310: 5267: 5224: 5169: 5134: 5099: 5068: 4789: 4697: 4669: 4578: 4535: 4492: 4455: 4447: 4406: 4398: 4357: 4349: 4302: 4265: 4220: 4210: 4143: 4133: 4094: 4019: 3980: 3935: 3927: 3888: 3840: 3782: 3753: 3667: 3657: 3626: 3586: 3578: 3531: 3496: 3452: 3411: 3401: 3360: 3350: 3303: 3225: 3215: 3171: 3122: 3073: 3026: 2983: 2948: 2903: 2861: 2853: 2812: 2804: 2763: 2753: 2712: 2704: 2655: 2647: 2602: 2592: 2579:

Eriksson N, Macpherson JM, Tung JY, Hon LS, Naughton B, Saxonov S, et al. (June 2010).

2551: 2543: 2504: 2461: 2424: 2383: 2375: 2334: 2326: 2277: 2269: 2234: 2226: 2159: 2112: 2085: 2058: 2021: 1990: 1941: 1821: 1813: 1801: 1760: 1705: 1695: 1646: 1638: 1592: 1582: 1522: 1292: 891: 789:

players is closer to 39% of hitters and 28% of pitchers, according to 2012 data. Historical

528: 263: 255: 96: 6236: 3535: 2230: 273:

for a measure of relative hand skill and found that genes involved in the determination of

6867: 6860: 6843: 6804: 6606: 6601: 6520: 4249: 3202:

Ocklenburg S, Schmitz J, Moinfar Z, Moser D, Klose R, Lor S, et al. (February 2017).

2581:"Web-based, participant-driven studies yield novel genetic associations for common traits" 1216: 1010: 994: 944: 698: 524: 497: 355: 347: 290: 282: 247: 180: 6397: 5220: 4225: 4206: 4190: 4129: 3976: 3742:"The Wages of Sinistrality: Handedness, Brain Structure, and Human Capital Accumulation" 3299: 2892:"Psychosexual Characteristics of Men and Women Exposed Prenatally to Diethylstilbestrol" 2700: 2313:

Francks C, DeLisi LE, Fisher SE, Laval SH, Rue JE, Stein JF, Monaco AP (February 2003).

2213:

Medland SE, Duffy DL, Wright MJ, Geffen GM, Hay DA, Levy F, et al. (January 2009).

1809: 6965: 6960: 5954: 5929: 5905: 5878: 5854: 5827: 5803: 5776: 5628: 5603: 5204: 5005: 4460: 4435: 4411: 4386: 4362: 4337: 4148: 4113: 4053:

Musical Illusions and Phantom Words: How Music and Speech Unlock Mysteries of the Brain

4023: 3940: 3915: 3672: 3645: 3591: 3566: 3416: 3389: 3365: 3338: 3307: 3230: 3203: 2908: 2891: 2866: 2841: 2817: 2792: 2768: 2741: 2717: 2684: 2660: 2635: 2607: 2580: 2556: 2531: 2388: 2363: 2239: 2215:"Genetic influences on handedness: data from 25,732 Australian and Dutch twin families" 2214: 1826: 1787: 1710: 1683: 1597: 1570: 1325: 1167: 1128: 883: 573: 547: 501: 6206: 5486: 3062:"Ultrasound in pregnancy and non-right handedness: meta-analysis of randomized trials" 3030: 2339: 2314: 2262:

Annett M (2009). "The genetic basis of lateralization". In Sommer IE, Kahn RS (eds.).

2148:"Determining Hominid Handedness in Lithic Debitage: A Review of Current Methodologies" 1527: 1510: 1415: 7011: 6955: 6778: 6611: 6382:"Parallel Emergence of True Handedness in the Evolution of Marsupials and Placentals" 6160: 5945: 5416: 5244: 4636: 4336:

Gardener H, Gao X, Chen H, Schwarzschild MA, Spiegelman D, Ascherio A (August 2010).

4047: 3809: 3472: 3255: 2987: 2002: 1668: 948: 835: 815: 727: 569: 562: 536: 492: 168: 104: 80: 6222: 5545: 5502: 5373: 5287: 5189: 4809: 4598: 4555: 4512: 3860: 3844: 3323: 3144: 3046: 3003: 2925: 2481: 2299: 2147: 2089: 1736:

Santrock JW (2008). "A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development". In Ryan M (ed.).

461:

in left-right discrimination was investigated in a cohort of 2,720 adult members of

6945: 6380:

Giljov, Andrey; Karenina, Karina; Ingram, Janeane; Malashichev, Yegor (July 2015).

6073: 5720: 5588: 5459: 5330: 4322: 4000: 3567:"Unimanual to bimanual: tracking the development of handedness from 6 to 24 months" 3095: 2163: 2132: 1552: 1205: 1163: 1051: 1039: 907: 707: 286: 229: 6442: 4215: 3551: 3500: 3456: 1463: 281:

suggest the same mechanisms that determine left-right asymmetry in the body (e.g.

6130: 6046: 4726: 4306: 3630: 3582: 2808: 2758: 2597: 2273: 2116: 2062: 558:

increases for left-handed women, but the effect is unknown for men at this point.

164:

is less common. Studies suggest that approximately 10% of people are left-handed.

5138: 3963:

Deutsch, D (3 February 1978). "Pitch memory: an advantage for the left-handed".

1212: 1124: 1043: 879: 770: 746: 714: 644: 343: 208: 17: 5400: 4496: 3892: 3127: 3110: 1945: 1817: 1700: 305:

Four studies have indicated that individuals who have had in-utero exposure to

6994: 6987: 6975: 6938: 6746: 6684: 6679: 6406: 6381: 6303: 5752: 5735: 5572: 5529: 5443: 5357: 5271: 5173: 4793: 4582: 4539: 4270: 4253: 3786: 2952: 2793:"The genetic relationship between handedness and neurodevelopmental disorders" 2465: 1764: 1277: 1272: 981: 965: 958: 954: 921: 864: 858: 823: 781: 568:

At least one study maintains that left-handers are more likely to suffer from

540: 339: 111: 5895: 5844: 5793: 4402: 3662: 3355: 2171: 1587: 1536: 1393: 554:

in women, but not in men. Another study suggests that the risk of developing

6468: 5314: 4138: 3406: 3176: 3159: 2532:"Genome-wide association study of handedness excludes simple genetic models" 2509:

10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19980907)81:5<420::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-E

2429: 2412: 1390:"What does Handedness have to do with Brain Lateralization (and who cares?)" 1261: 1208: 1152: 1055: 887: 819: 583: 259: 31: 6527: 6415: 6358: 6214: 5963: 5914: 5879:"Hierarchical brain networks active in approach and avoidance goal pursuit" 5863: 5812: 5761: 5712: 5580: 5537: 5494: 5451: 5408: 5365: 5322: 5279: 5236: 5181: 5146: 5111: 4801: 4590: 4547: 4504: 4469: 4451: 4420: 4371: 4314: 4279: 4234: 4157: 3984: 3949: 3852: 3794: 3681: 3600: 3543: 3508: 3464: 3425: 3374: 3239: 3185: 3136: 3087: 3038: 2917: 2875: 2857: 2826: 2777: 2726: 2669: 2616: 2565: 2473: 2438: 2397: 2348: 2248: 2124: 2070: 1835: 1772: 1719: 1660: 1606: 565:

than right-handed women and the effect is greater in post-menopausal women.

496:

than right-handers, in perception of certain stereo illusions, such as the

6006: 5637: 5619: 3900: 3439:

Karlsson, Emma M.; Johnstone, Leah T.; Carey, David P. (2 November 2019).

3283: 2995: 2960: 2516: 2379: 2025: 1544: 48:"Leftie" and "Rightie" redirect here. For the political orientations, see 4098: 3992: 3758: 3741: 3315: 2651: 1953: 1232: 1201: 851: 777: 735: 466: 351: 310: 123: 4825:"Righties vs Lefties - The Importance Of Handedness Training In Hitting" 4753: 3220: 2547: 1571:"Hand preference, performance abilities, and hand selection in children" 1488: : not : other than : reverse of : absence of • 814:

Defensively in baseball, left-handedness is considered an advantage for

6537:

Handedness & earnings, published in Journal of Human Resources 2007

6351:"Left-Handers' Day August 13th: Celebrate your right to be left-handed" 5998: 5736:"The contributions of handedness and working memory to episodic memory" 5704: 2708: 1788:"Left-handedness is associated with greater fighting success in humans" 1651: 1642: 1178:, all left-handed children were forced to write with their right hand. 1140: 1113: 903: 808: 754: 723: 669: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 293:(handedness being a reflection of brain asymmetry for motor function). 135: 131: 4385:

Gardener H, Munger K, Chitnis T, Spiegelman D, Ascherio A (May 2009).

4353: 2315:"Confirmatory evidence for linkage of relative hand skill to 2p12-q11" 734:

is sometimes used to refer to a left-handed individual, especially in

6928: 5228: 5103: 3931: 3078: 3061: 2281: 2146:

Ruck, Lana; Broadfield, Douglas C.; Brown, Clifford T. (2015-05-07).

1159: 1147: 1121:

the predominance of right-handedness is an extremely old phenomenon.

739: 726:, about half the participants are left-handed. In tennis, 40% of the 258:. From these studies, McManus et al. now conclude that handedness is 139: 127: 6176:"Pros and cons: Raising a left-handed child in a right-handed world" 5990: 5473:

Bogaert AF (2001). "Handedness, criminality, and sexual offending".

4434:

Fritschi L, Divitini M, Talbot-Smith A, Knuiman M (September 2007).

4387:"The relationship between handedness and risk of multiple sclerosis" 3700: 1994: 3916:"Early handedness in infancy predicts language ability in toddlers" 2330: 346:

is largely unclear, Ocklenburg et al. (2017) found that asymmetric

6193:

Kushner, Howard I (June 2011). "Retraining the King's left hand".

5303:

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines

4674: 4071: 2636:"PCSK6 is associated with handedness in individuals with dyslexia" 2634:, Morris AP, Ring SM, Richardson AJ, et al. (February 2011). 1509:

Hardyck, C.; Petrinovich, L. F.; Goldman, R. D. (September 1976).

749:

the advantage left-handers usually hold in one-on-one situations:

702: 119: 110:

Most of the current research suggests that left-handedness has an

70: 58: 4338:"Prenatal and early life factors and risk of Parkinson's disease" 1219:. Left-handedness was particularly apparent in the red kangaroo ( 1146:

Into the 20th and even the 21st century, left-handed children in

943:

A 2001 study also found that people assigned male at birth whose

4780:

Abel & Kruger (2007). "Lefties are still a little shorter".

4014:

Deutsch, Diana (1980). "Handedness and Memory for Tonal Pitch".

3644:

Prichard, Eric; Propper, Ruth E.; Christman, Stephen D. (2013).

1968:"Differences Between Left Handed, Mixed Handed and Ambidextrous" 88: 6719: 6555: 523:

A variety of neuropsychiatric and developmental disorders like

114:

marker—a combination of genetics, biology and the environment.

3773:

Perelle, Ira B.; Ehrman, Lee (May 2005). "On the Other Hand".

1855: 786: 638: 6715: 6551: 5207:(March 2000). "Finger-length ratios and sexual orientation". 3111:"Handedness in Twins: Joint Analysis of Data From 35 Samples" 1985:

Williams, Stephen (20 February 2022). "Non-Righthandedness".

1740:. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. pp. 172–205. 1626: 964:

A 2014 study attempting to analyze the biological markers of

794:

have against left-handed pitchers. Fifteen of the top twenty

6086:

Web page discussing ways different left-handed writers cope.

925:

results in a 12.3% incidence of left-handedness among men).

6333:А. П. Чуприков, Е. А. Волков. // Мир леворуких. Киев. 2008. 483:

of infant and toddler development to assess the subjects.

6541: 1932:

Hardyck C, Petrinovich LF (May 1977). "Left-handedness".

1786:

Richardson, Thomas; Gilman, R. Tucker (28 October 2019).

1499:. ("Nondominant" is one of 945 words listed under "non-") 579:

Left-handers may be more likely to suffer bone fractures.

4665:"Sinister and Rich: The evidence that lefties earn more" 3810:"Effect of handedness on intelligence level of students" 2411:

Van Agtmael T, Forrest SM, Williamson R (October 2002).

1009:

A high level of handedness is associated with a smaller

277:

in the body play a key role in handedness. Brandler and

5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 219:

There are several theories of how handedness develops.

1077:

pen, in particular, was prone to blots and smearing.

572:, and are more likely to have reduced longevity from 546:

A 2012 study showed that nearly 40% of children with

543:

have been associated with left- and mixed-handedness.

6493:

Lefties Have The Advantage In Adversarial Situations

4690:"Evolutionary perspectives on sport and competition" 3257:

Neuropsychology: The Neural Bases of Mental Function

2941:

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

1851:"Left-handed boxers win more fights, research shows" 6667: 6641: 6620: 6589: 4725:Graham, Douglas; Bachmann, Thomas T. (2004-04-15). 3814:

Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology

3158:Sun T, Collura RV, Ruvolo M, Walsh CA (July 2006). 1106:means both "left" and "awkward" or "clumsy", while 5734:Sahu A, Christman SD, Propper RE (November 2016). 4912:"Career Leaders & Records for Batting Average" 4761:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. June 2011 4752: 3735: 3733: 3254: 41:"Left-hander" redirects here. For other uses, see 6237:"A question of the left being right – and normal" 5602:Aggleton JP, Kentridge RW, Neave NJ (June 1993). 1353:El arte rupestre de Argentina indígena: Patagonia 5877:Spielberg JM, Heller W, Miller GA (2013-06-17). 4613:"Three Myths and Three Facts About Left-Handers" 3914:Nelson EL, Campbell JM, Michel GF (March 2014). 3565:Nelson EL, Campbell JM, Michel GF (April 2013). 3388:Cai, Q; Van Der Haegen, L; Brysbaert, M (2013). 2530:Armour JA, Davison A, McManus IC (March 2014). 2183: 2181: 832: 2683:McManus IC, Davison A, Armour JA (June 2013). 1086:left-handed was considered negative, or evil. 207:though it is known through various means that 6731: 6567: 5775:Prichard E, Propper RE, Christman SD (2013). 5651:Jonathan R (February 1995). "Left For Dead". 3197: 3195: 1878:"Why are left-handed people better fighters?" 1356:(in Spanish). Grupo Abierto Communicaciones. 717:, winds up to throw the ball to his teammate. 419:development of the brain's language centers. 8: 5608:Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 4170:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1620: 1618: 1616: 1107: 1101: 561:Left-handed women may have a higher risk of 6532:Higher paychecks: a left-handed compliment? 4855:"2012 Major League Baseball Batting Splits" 4436:"Left-handedness and risk of breast cancer" 2791:Brandler WM, Paracchini S (February 2014). 1090: 906:, the oil pattern used on the bowling lane 95:, due to it being stronger, faster or more 87:is an individual's preferential use of one 75:A female student writes with her left hand. 6738: 6724: 6716: 6574: 6560: 6552: 5064:"Why Left-Handed Quarterbacks Are So Rare" 4969:"The Decline of Left-Handed First Basemen" 4174:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3288:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2689:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1738:Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development 1021:Left-handedness is associated with better 1013:whereas low handedness with a larger one. 6405: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6339: 5953: 5904: 5894: 5853: 5843: 5802: 5792: 5751: 5627: 5008:. The Encyclopedia of Baseball Catchers. 4702:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586073.001.0001 4632:"Left-handers win in hand-to-hand combat" 4459: 4410: 4361: 4269: 4224: 4214: 4147: 4137: 3939: 3757: 3671: 3661: 3590: 3415: 3405: 3364: 3354: 3229: 3219: 3175: 3126: 3077: 3066:Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 2907: 2865: 2816: 2767: 2757: 2716: 2659: 2606: 2596: 2555: 2428: 2387: 2338: 2238: 1825: 1709: 1699: 1650: 1596: 1586: 1526: 1042:such as knives, corkscrews and scissors, 685:Learn how and when to remove this message 289:) also play a role in the development of 6755: 5668:"Science: Sudden death for left-handers" 4942:"First Base Pickoffs for Lefty Pitchers" 4688:Widermann D, Barton RA, Hill RA (2011). 3697:"Right-Hand, Left-Hand official website" 1081:Negative connotations and discrimination 582:Left-handers have a lower prevalence of 4114:"Triplets, birthweight, and handedness" 1511:"Left-handedness and cognitive deficit" 1342: 5043:from the original on December 16, 2018 4979:from the original on 26 September 2015 4886:"The advantage of batting left-handed" 4728:Ideation: The Birth and Death of Ideas 4163: 3833:Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 3536:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.08.009 3337:Carey, David; Johnstone, Leah (2014). 2231:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.09.005 406:List of musicians who play left-handed 6247:from the original on January 24, 2011 6154:Akullu, Lydia Felly (8 August 2023). 6123:Language Lateralization and Psychosis 4865:from the original on 9 September 2015 4731:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 38. 3874: 3872: 3870: 3612: 3610: 2265:Language lateralization and psychosis 1227:). Red-necked (Bennett's) wallabies ( 867:typically uses a strategy in which a 7: 4644:from the original on 27 October 2016 2497:American Journal of Medical Genetics 1731: 1729: 1684:"Handedness in twins: meta-analyses" 1564: 1562: 667:adding citations to reliable sources 624:National Bureau of Economic Research 6654:Handedness and mathematical ability 6098:Black Magick: The Left Hand Path: 1 5012:from the original on 17 August 2012 3740:Goodman, Joshua (1 November 2014). 1904:"Why are more people right-handed?" 1627:"Human handedness: A meta-analysis" 980:—which examined mortality data for 745:Other, sports-specific factors may 402:Handedness and mathematical ability 358:asymmetries related to handedness. 6547:Study Reveals Why Lefties Are Rare 5979:The American Journal of Psychology 4922:from the original on 13 April 2013 4892:from the original on 13 March 2013 4024:10.1016/B978-0-12-343150-9.50016-0 4016:Neuropsychology of Left-Handedness 3808:Ghayas, Saba; Adil, Adnan (2007). 3308:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb41921.x 2909:10.1097/01.EDE.0000039059.38824.B2 2417:European Journal of Human Genetics 2319:American Journal of Human Genetics 1054:, preferred by many left-handers, 25: 6649:Handedness and sexual orientation 6156:"Myths about left-handed persons" 5033:"Depleted Sabres defense thrives" 4835:from the original on 3 April 2019 4295:Developmental Neurorehabilitation 4258:The British Journal of Psychiatry 3571:Infant Behavior & Development 1474:from the original on 8 March 2017 1426:from the original on 8 March 2017 1223:) and the eastern gray kangaroo ( 1127:is sometimes referred to as the " 935:Handedness and sexual orientation 882:affects blocking patterns on the 622:In a 2014 study published by the 6698: 6697: 6296:"Teaching Left-Handers to Write" 6096:Donaghue, Timothy (2018-11-12). 5946:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.016 5062:Greene, Nick (2 November 2020). 4087:Journal of Economic Perspectives 3746:Journal of Economic Perspectives 3282:Rasmussen, T; Milner, B (1977). 3115:Twin Research and Human Genetics 1245:Lateralization of brain function 951:(19.5% vs. 8.3%, respectively). 897:notable left-handed quarterbacks 643: 6659:Bias against left-handed people 6495:, ScienceDaily, April 14, 2006. 5883:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 5832:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 4694:Applied Evolutionary Psychology 3845:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.007 3619:Infant Behavior and Development 1914:from the original on 2013-12-03 1569:Scharoun SM, Bryden PJ (2014). 1370:from the original on 2021-10-29 1068:Bias against left-handed people 654:needs additional citations for 246:However, growing evidence from 6917:Edinburgh Handedness Inventory 6791:Geschwind–Galaburda hypothesis 6675:Edinburgh Handedness Inventory 4663:Waldfogel J (15 August 2006). 3060:Salvesen KÅ (September 2011). 2164:10.1179/2051618515y.0000000009 2018:Handedness and Brain Asymmetry 1849:Guy, Jack (25 February 2019). 1316:Geschwind–Galaburda hypothesis 1311:Edinburgh Handedness Inventory 1188:International Left-Handers Day 1182:International Left-Handers Day 796:career batting average leaders 388:Correlation with other factors 262:and estimate that at least 40 232:of handedness is roughly 24%. 195:Edinburgh Handedness Inventory 1: 6542:Handedness Research Institute 6443:10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.06.010 6300:Handedness Research Institute 6207:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60854-4 6021:"Tying shoelaces left handed" 5487:10.1016/S0028-3932(00)00134-2 4485:Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 4216:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25935 3501:10.1080/1357650X.2023.2284407 3457:10.1080/1357650X.2019.1652308 3031:10.1016/s0306-4530(00)00005-6 2090:10.13140/RG.2.2.15176.55042/1 1528:10.1016/s0010-9452(76)80008-1 929:Sexuality and gender identity 271:genome-wide association study 6523:. December 1918. p. 22. 6131:10.1017/CBO9780511576744.004 5031:Hoppe B (January 23, 2017). 4944:. isport.com. Archived from 4884:Walsh J (15 November 2007). 4823:Peterson D (17 March 2017). 4630:Knight W (8 December 2004). 4307:10.3109/17518423.2012.696736 3631:10.1016/j.infbeh.2005.05.005 3583:10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.01.009 2988:10.1016/0028-3932(94)90149-x 2809:10.1016/j.molmed.2013.10.008 2797:Trends in Molecular Medicine 2759:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003751 2598:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000993 2274:10.1017/CBO9780511576744.006 2117:10.1016/j.cortex.2013.02.002 2063:10.1080/1357650X.2013.783045 1299:Proper right and proper left 1283:Left- and right-hand traffic 1029:Products for left-handed use 474:Early childhood intelligence 269:Brandler et al. performed a 43:Left-Hander (disambiguation) 6272:(in German). Archived from 6100:. Independently Published. 5561:Archives of Sexual Behavior 5518:Archives of Sexual Behavior 5432:Archives of Sexual Behavior 5346:Archives of Sexual Behavior 5260:Archives of Sexual Behavior 5162:Archives of Sexual Behavior 5139:10.1037/0033-2909.126.4.575 4782:Perceptual and Motor Skills 4696:. Oxford University Press. 4056:. Oxford University Press. 3881:Perceptual and Motor Skills 1135:Discrimination in education 1072:McManus noted that, as the 780:, a right-handed pitcher's 36:Handedness (disambiguation) 7054: 6628:Neuroanatomy of handedness 5401:10.1177/107906320701900307 4967:Miller S (29 March 2009). 4528:Osteoporosis International 4497:10.1177/155005940803900406 3893:10.1177/003151259508100226 3128:10.1375/183242706776402885 1946:10.1037/0033-2909.84.3.385 1818:10.1038/s41598-019-51975-3 1701:10.1186/s40359-021-00695-3 1468:Merriam-Webster Dictionary 1420:Merriam-Webster Dictionary 1321:Neuroanatomy of handedness 1185: 1065: 932: 811:baserunners at first base. 730:are left-handed. The term 696: 399: 239:, and by Chris McManus of 47: 40: 29: 6983:Footedness in boardsports 6974: 6927: 6915: 6894: 6825: 6801: 6789: 6753: 6693: 6407:10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.043 6270:lefthander-consulting.org 5753:10.3758/s13421-016-0625-8 5573:10.1007/s10508-013-0175-0 5530:10.1007/s10508-015-0564-7 5444:10.1007/s10508-005-4344-7 5358:10.1007/s10508-007-9255-3 5272:10.1007/s10508-009-9499-1 4794:10.2466/pms.104.2.405-406 4759:Oxford English Dictionary 4583:10.1080/13576500442000256 4540:10.1007/s00198-003-1450-z 4440:British Journal of Cancer 4271:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.137349 3787:10.1007/s10519-005-3226-z 2953:10.1080/01688639508405162 2466:10.1080/13576500600761056 1765:10.1080/13576500701650430 1062:Bias against left-handers 1001:may reduce such effects. 972:Mortality rates in combat 416:University College London 301:Prenatal hormone exposure 266:contribute to the trait. 5896:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00284 5845:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00230 5794:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00009 4403:10.1177/1352458509102622 4118:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 3920:Developmental Psychology 3724:Scientific American Mind 3663:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00009 3356:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01128 3019:Psychoneuroendocrinology 2640:Human Molecular Genetics 2630:Scerri TS, Brandler WM, 1588:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00082 616:Johns Hopkins University 6787:In cognitive abilities 6528:Handedness and Earnings 6469:10.1016/C2021-0-02209-4 5826:Shobe ER (2014-04-22). 5781:Frontiers in Psychology 5315:10.1111/1469-7610.00773 5174:10.1023/A:1014039403752 4754:"southpaw, n. and adj." 4692:. In Roberts SC (ed.). 4139:10.1073/pnas.1719567115 3650:Frontiers in Psychology 3407:10.1073/pnas.1212956110 3343:Frontiers in Psychology 2430:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200851 2016:Annett, Marian (2013). 1575:Frontiers in Psychology 1158:Until very recently in 439:intellectual disability 322:Another theory is that 252:genome-wide association 237:University of Leicester 63:Stenciled hands at the 6912:Handedness measurement 5740:Memory & Cognition 5693:Memory & Cognition 5653:Wisden Cricket Monthly 5127:Psychological Bulletin 5092:Psychological Bulletin 5039:. Olean Times Herald. 5006:"Left Handed Catchers" 4452:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603920 4189:Samadi, S. A. (2024). 3985:10.1126/science.622558 2192:. Phoenix Paperbacks. 1934:Psychological Bulletin 1631:Psychological Bulletin 1108: 1102: 1091: 878:, the handedness of a 840: 718: 435: 371:Developmental timeline 76: 68: 34:. For other uses, see 27:Preference or tendency 6891:Handedness related to 6461:The Lateralized Brain 6243:. February 22, 2008. 6074:"Left-Handed Writers" 6047:"Product Information" 5620:10.1136/jech.47.3.206 4888:. hardballtimes.com. 3177:10.1093/cercor/bhk026 2380:10.1038/sj.mp.4002053 2374:(12): 1129–39, 1057. 2190:Right Hand, Left Hand 2026:10.4324/9780203759646 1074:Industrial Revolution 999:bilateral stimulation 933:Further information: 800:Major League Baseball 706: 430: 412:Right-Hand, Left-Hand 400:Further information: 354:plays a key role for 74: 62: 6903:Mathematical ability 6875:Handedness in people 6856:Handedness in boxing 6633:Twins and handedness 6508:Left-handed Children 6051:Anything Left-Handed 6025:Anything Left-Handed 4099:10.1257/jep.28.4.193 4018:. pp. 263–271. 3759:10.1257/jep.28.4.193 3261:. Houghton Mifflin. 2858:10.1093/brain/awz257 2368:Molecular Psychiatry 1974:. 19 September 2021. 1331:Twins and handedness 1288:Left-right confusion 1229:Macropus rufogriseus 1176:Soviet school system 1089:The Latin adjective 747:increase or decrease 663:improve this article 329:ultrasound screening 275:left-right asymmetry 6924:Handedness genetics 6398:2015CBio...25.1878G 6201:(9782): 1998–1999. 5221:2000Natur.404..455W 5037:Buffalo Hockey Beat 4207:2024Heliy..1025935S 4130:2018PNAS..115.6076H 3977:1978Sci...199..559D 3300:1977NYASA.299..355R 3221:10.7554/eLife.22784 3170:(Suppl 1): i18-25. 2701:2013NYASA1288...48M 2548:10.1038/hdy.2013.93 1972:Southpaw Essentials 1908:Scientific American 1810:2019NatSR...915402R 1484:Definition of non- 1470:. Merriam-Webster. 1422:. Merriam-Webster. 1268:Dexter and sinister 552:Parkinson's disease 425:Scientific American 414:, Chris McManus of 54:Right-wing politics 6898:Sexual orientation 6355:lefthandersday.com 6125:. pp. 37–58. 5705:10.3758/BF03195341 5205:Breedlove, S. Marc 4916:Baseball Reference 4859:Baseball Reference 4391:Multiple Sclerosis 4342:Movement Disorders 2709:10.1111/nyas.12102 2652:10.1093/hmg/ddq475 2268:. pp. 73–86. 2188:McManus C (2003). 1902:Holder MK (1997). 1793:Scientific Reports 1643:10.1037/bul0000229 1257:Cardinal direction 1225:Macropus giganteus 1023:divergent thinking 1017:Divergent thinking 845:four wall handball 719: 556:multiple sclerosis 506:glissando illusion 457:The prevalence of 451:intelligence tests 362:Language dominance 335:Epigenetic markers 307:diethylstilbestrol 144:mixed martial arts 77: 69: 65:Cueva de las Manos 50:Left-wing politics 7005: 7004: 7000: 6999: 6952:In major viscera 6810:Dual brain theory 6713: 6712: 6478:978-0-323-99737-9 6454:Further resources 6392:(14): 1878–1884. 6180:Kids on the Coast 6140:978-0-511-57674-4 6107:978-1-7312-4270-9 5215:(6777): 455–456. 4829:Game Sense Sports 4738:978-0-471-47944-4 4354:10.1002/mds.23339 4124:(23): 6076–6081. 4033:978-0-12-343150-9 3971:(4328): 559–560. 3775:Behavior Genetics 3253:Banich M (1997). 2852:(10): 2938–2947. 2152:Lithic Technology 2111:(10): 2914–2926. 2035:978-1-134-95074-4 1363:978-987-1121-16-8 1213:placental mammals 978:Durham University 876:American football 712:American football 695: 694: 687: 612:Lafayette College 595:systematic review 533:anxiety disorders 101:non-dominant hand 16:(Redirected from 7045: 7033:Mental processes 6849:Right-handedness 6827:Ocular dominance 6756: 6740: 6733: 6726: 6717: 6701: 6700: 6597:Right handedness 6576: 6569: 6562: 6553: 6524: 6482: 6447: 6446: 6431:Animal Behaviour 6426: 6420: 6419: 6409: 6377: 6371: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6357:. 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expression 337: 320: 303: 291:brain asymmetry 283:nodal signaling 225: 223:Genetic factors 217: 204: 191: 181:cross-dominance 162:Left-handedness 152: 91:, known as the 57: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7051: 7049: 7041: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7028:Discrimination 7025: 7020: 7010: 7009: 7003: 7002: 6998: 6997: 6992: 6990: 6985: 6979: 6978: 6973: 6969: 6968: 6966:Situs inversus 6963: 6961:Situs ambiguus 6958: 6953: 6949: 6948: 6943: 6941: 6936: 6932: 6931: 6926: 6920: 6919: 6914: 6908: 6907: 6906: 6905: 6900: 6893: 6887: 6886: 6884: 6882: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6863: 6858: 6852: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6830: 6829: 6824: 6820: 6819: 6818: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6800: 6794: 6793: 6788: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6776: 6774: 6770: 6769: 6766: 6763: 6760: 6754: 6751: 6750: 6745: 6743: 6742: 6735: 6728: 6720: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6707: 6694: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6671: 6669: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6661: 6656: 6651: 6645: 6643: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6635: 6630: 6624: 6622: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6593: 6591: 6587: 6586: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6571: 6564: 6556: 6550: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6525: 6511: 6501: 6496: 6488: 6487:External links 6485: 6484: 6483: 6477: 6455: 6452: 6449: 6448: 6437:(2): 537–541. 6421: 6372: 6335: 6326: 6317: 6287: 6257: 6228: 6185: 6167: 6146: 6139: 6113: 6106: 6088: 6064: 6038: 6012: 5985:(3): 311–325. 5969: 5920: 5869: 5818: 5767: 5726: 5683: 5658: 5643: 5594: 5567:(2): 299–310. 5551: 5508: 5465: 5422: 5395:(3): 285–309. 5379: 5336: 5293: 5250: 5195: 5152: 5117: 5098:(5): 677–699. 5082: 5054: 5023: 4990: 4959: 4933: 4903: 4876: 4846: 4815: 4788:(2): 405–406. 4772: 4744: 4737: 4717: 4710: 4680: 4677:on 2010-01-12. 4655: 4622: 4604: 4561: 4534:(11): 918–22. 4518: 4475: 4426: 4377: 4348:(11): 1560–7. 4328: 4285: 4240: 4181: 4104: 4093:(4): 193–212. 4077: 4062: 4039: 4032: 4006: 3955: 3906: 3887:(2): 491–497. 3866: 3823: 3800: 3781:(3): 343–350. 3765: 3752:(4): 193–212. 3729: 3714: 3687: 3636: 3625:(3): 305–315. 3606: 3557: 3514: 3495:(1): 117–150. 3478: 3451:(6): 707–739. 3431: 3400:(4): 322–330. 3380: 3329: 3274: 3267: 3245: 3191: 3150: 3101: 3052: 3025:(5): 497–512. 3009: 2966: 2931: 2902:(2): 155–160. 2881: 2832: 2783: 2732: 2675: 2622: 2571: 2522: 2487: 2444: 2423:(10): 623–30. 2403: 2354: 2331:10.1086/367548 2325:(2): 499–502. 2305: 2290: 2254: 2205: 2199:978-0753813553 2198: 2177: 2158:(3): 171–188. 2138: 2095: 2076: 2057:(2): 164–177. 2041: 2034: 2008: 1977: 1959: 1940:(3): 385–404. 1924: 1894: 1869: 1841: 1778: 1759:(1–2): 15–55. 1743: 1725: 1688:BMC Psychology 1674: 1637:(6): 481–524. 1612: 1558: 1521:(3): 266–279. 1501: 1455: 1407: 1380: 1362: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1326:Situs inversus 1323: 1318: 1313: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1296: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1259: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1240: 1237: 1221:Macropus rufus 1215:, they lack a 1198: 1195: 1186:Main article: 1183: 1180: 1168:Latin alphabet 1136: 1133: 1129:left-hand path 1082: 1079: 1066:Main article: 1063: 1060: 1030: 1027: 1018: 1015: 1006: 1003: 990: 987: 973: 970: 930: 927: 917: 914: 913: 912: 900: 884:offensive line 872: 862: 855: 848: 831: 830: 829: 828: 812: 774: 728:seeded players 693: 692: 651: 649: 642: 636: 633: 607: 604: 599: 598: 591: 580: 577: 574:cardiovascular 566: 559: 548:cerebral palsy 544: 521: 513: 510: 502:scale illusion 488: 485: 475: 472: 397: 394: 389: 386: 372: 369: 363: 360: 336: 333: 319: 316: 302: 299: 224: 221: 216: 213: 203: 200: 190: 187: 186: 185: 173: 165: 159: 151: 148: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7050: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7015: 7013: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6980: 6977: 6971: 6970: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6956:Situs solitus 6954: 6951: 6950: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6934: 6933: 6930: 6925: 6922: 6921: 6918: 6913: 6910: 6909: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6892: 6889: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6853: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6828: 6822: 6821: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6802: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6792: 6786: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6779:Ambidexterity 6777: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6767: 6764: 6761: 6758: 6757: 6752: 6748: 6741: 6736: 6734: 6729: 6727: 6722: 6721: 6718: 6706: 6705: 6696: 6695: 6692: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6666: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6640: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6619: 6613: 6612:Ambidexterity 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6577: 6572: 6570: 6565: 6563: 6558: 6557: 6554: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6529: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6517: 6512: 6509: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6494: 6491: 6490: 6486: 6480: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6457: 6453: 6444: 6440: 6436: 6432: 6425: 6422: 6417: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6376: 6373: 6361:on 2014-07-15 6360: 6356: 6352: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6330: 6327: 6321: 6318: 6306:on 2013-09-23 6305: 6301: 6297: 6291: 6288: 6276:on 2013-09-22 6275: 6271: 6267: 6261: 6258: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6232: 6229: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6189: 6186: 6181: 6177: 6171: 6168: 6163: 6162: 6161:Daily Monitor 6157: 6150: 6147: 6142: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6117: 6114: 6109: 6103: 6099: 6092: 6089: 6075: 6068: 6065: 6052: 6048: 6042: 6039: 6027:. 24 May 2013 6026: 6022: 6016: 6013: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5973: 5970: 5965: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5924: 5921: 5916: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5873: 5870: 5865: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5822: 5819: 5814: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5771: 5768: 5763: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5730: 5727: 5722: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5687: 5684: 5673: 5672:New Scientist 5669: 5662: 5659: 5654: 5647: 5644: 5639: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5598: 5595: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5555: 5552: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5524:(8): 2151–9. 5523: 5519: 5512: 5509: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5469: 5466: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5438:(4): 447–59. 5437: 5433: 5426: 5423: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5383: 5380: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5352:(1): 166–72. 5351: 5347: 5340: 5337: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5309:(6): 767–76. 5308: 5304: 5297: 5294: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5266:(1): 93–109. 5265: 5261: 5254: 5251: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5199: 5196: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5168:(1): 113–22. 5167: 5163: 5156: 5153: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5133:(4): 575–92. 5132: 5128: 5121: 5118: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5097: 5093: 5086: 5083: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5058: 5055: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5027: 5024: 5011: 5007: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4991: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4963: 4960: 4947: 4943: 4937: 4934: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4907: 4904: 4891: 4887: 4880: 4877: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4850: 4847: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4819: 4816: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4776: 4773: 4760: 4755: 4748: 4745: 4740: 4734: 4730: 4729: 4721: 4718: 4713: 4711:9780199586073 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4681: 4676: 4672: 4671: 4666: 4659: 4656: 4643: 4639: 4638: 4637:New Scientist 4633: 4626: 4623: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4605: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4577:(2): 97–102. 4576: 4572: 4565: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4522: 4519: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4479: 4476: 4471: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4430: 4427: 4422: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4397:(5): 587–92. 4396: 4392: 4388: 4381: 4378: 4373: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4332: 4329: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4289: 4286: 4281: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4248:Hirnstein M, 4244: 4241: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4201:(4): e25935. 4200: 4196: 4192: 4185: 4182: 4177: 4173: 4167: 4159: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4108: 4105: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4081: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4063:9780190206833 4059: 4055: 4054: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4035: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4010: 4007: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3959: 3956: 3951: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3926:(3): 809–14. 3925: 3921: 3917: 3910: 3907: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3827: 3824: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3804: 3801: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3769: 3766: 3760: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3736: 3734: 3730: 3725: 3718: 3715: 3703:on 2012-05-04 3702: 3698: 3691: 3688: 3683: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3640: 3637: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3620: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3561: 3558: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3518: 3515: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3482: 3479: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3435: 3432: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3384: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3333: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3278: 3275: 3270: 3268:9780395666999 3264: 3259: 3258: 3249: 3246: 3241: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3187: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3154: 3151: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3105: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3072:(3): 267–71. 3071: 3067: 3063: 3056: 3053: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3013: 3010: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2982:(5): 619–23. 2981: 2977: 2970: 2967: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2950: 2947:(5): 725–30. 2946: 2942: 2935: 2932: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2885: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2836: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2787: 2784: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2746:PLOS Genetics 2743: 2736: 2733: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2679: 2676: 2671: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2646:(3): 608–14. 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2626: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2585:PLOS Genetics 2582: 2575: 2572: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2526: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2491: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2460:(6): 508–24. 2459: 2455: 2448: 2445: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2407: 2404: 2399: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2358: 2355: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2309: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2291:9780511576744 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2258: 2255: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2209: 2206: 2201: 2195: 2191: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2142: 2139: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2099: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2080: 2077: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2045: 2042: 2037: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2012: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1981: 1978: 1973: 1969: 1963: 1960: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1928: 1925: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1898: 1895: 1883: 1879: 1873: 1870: 1858: 1857: 1852: 1845: 1842: 1837: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1794: 1789: 1782: 1779: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1747: 1744: 1739: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1678: 1675: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1505: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1411: 1408: 1396:on 2013-03-26 1395: 1391: 1384: 1381: 1369: 1365: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1346: 1343: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1196: 1194: 1189: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1172: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1156: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1142: 1134: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1104: 1097: 1093: 1087: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1069: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1040:kitchen tools 1035: 1028: 1026: 1024: 1016: 1014: 1012: 1004: 1002: 1000: 996: 988: 986: 983: 979: 971: 969: 967: 962: 960: 956: 952: 950: 949:control group 946: 941: 936: 928: 926: 923: 915: 909: 905: 901: 898: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 870: 866: 863: 860: 856: 853: 849: 846: 842: 841: 839: 837: 836:breaking ball 825: 821: 817: 816:first basemen 813: 810: 805: 804: 801: 797: 792: 788: 783: 779: 775: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 751: 750: 748: 743: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 716: 713: 709: 705: 700: 689: 686: 678: 668: 664: 658: 657: 652:This section 650: 646: 641: 640: 634: 632: 629: 625: 620: 617: 613: 605: 603: 596: 592: 589: 585: 581: 578: 575: 571: 570:heart disease 567: 564: 563:breast cancer 560: 557: 553: 549: 545: 542: 538: 537:schizophrenia 534: 530: 526: 522: 519: 518: 517: 511: 509: 507: 503: 499: 494: 493:Diana Deutsch 486: 484: 482: 481:Bayley scales 473: 471: 468: 464: 460: 455: 452: 447: 445: 440: 434: 429: 428:, he states: 427: 426: 420: 417: 413: 407: 403: 395: 393: 387: 385: 381: 377: 370: 368: 361: 359: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 334: 332: 330: 325: 317: 315: 312: 309:(a synthetic 308: 300: 298: 294: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 267: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 244: 242: 238: 233: 231: 222: 220: 214: 212: 210: 201: 199: 196: 188: 183: 182: 177: 174: 171: 170: 169:Ambidexterity 166: 163: 160: 157: 154: 153: 149: 147: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 118:advantage in 115: 113: 108: 106: 105:ambidexterity 102: 98: 94: 93:dominant hand 90: 86: 82: 81:human biology 73: 66: 61: 55: 51: 44: 37: 33: 19: 6988:Regular foot 6982: 6946:Dextrocardia 6923: 6911: 6890: 6874: 6855: 6848: 6838: 6833: 6815:Bicameralism 6702: 6582: 6515: 6503: 6460: 6434: 6430: 6424: 6389: 6385: 6375: 6363:. 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