434:, who saw the opportunity to change certain descriptions of African American characters in the book; the period in which these changes were proposed was during the fall of legal segregation and Rollins believed the language should reflect this. After communicating with Rollins, Keith accepted one proposed change but rejected the others, claiming that he used similar language to define other white characters and for that reason it was not race-specific. The changes made in the third printing of the book did not touch on the characters' use of language because it was deemed that the author was not pushing his own thoughts into the book but instead attempting to keep them as genuine as possible to the time period.
283:– historical character, the last Confederate general to surrender at the war's end. A Cherokee chief, his forces are described as "using old British one shot Enfield's and double barrel shotguns." The use of Spencer repeaters could mean a victory against Union soldiers. Greatly feared on the Union side, Watie is beloved by his men and revered by Confederate civilians for the wild and daring way he and his men fight.
209:, Jeff meets headstrong Cherokee girl Lucy Washbourne, whose well-to-do family is loyal to the Confederate cause. Despite their stark differences, Jeff and Lucy gradually grow fond of one another. Lucy's brother Lee is captured while spying on Jeff's regiment and Clardy orders that the boy be executed. Jeff refuses to join the firing squad and arranges for Lee's body to be returned to the Washbournes.
244:
Noah reveals that Lemon Jones reached
General Blunt, who stopped the supply of Spencer rifles to the enemy. Clardy's real identity is discovered by Watie's men, who take revenge for the execution of Lee Washbourne and rob him of his illicit gold. With the war over, Jeff's regiment disbands and he and
158:) are seen from the viewpoint of an ordinary soldier, enabled by the choice of protagonist. Harold Keith spent many years interviewing Civil War veterans and visiting the sites depicted in the book, resulting in an authenticity that is rare for historical fiction that targets a young adult audience.
331:
Emory Bussey - Jeff's father, a U.S. Army veteran of the
Mexican-American War who served in then-Colonel Jefferson Davis' regiment, continuing to hold Davis in high regard years later, naming his son after Davis. Emory's outspoken honesty and strong abolitionist and Unionist views influence Jeff to
254:
Jefferson (Jeff) Davis Bussey – the protagonist. Jeff takes a straightforward, no-nonsense view of life and has a deep regard for integrity and courage, but finds the war to be more complicated than he had expected. First enlisted as infantry, Jeff later becomes a cavalryman, artilleryman, and spy.
216:
summons him to be assigned as a plainclothes scout. Going behind enemy lines in pairs, Blunt's scouts are assigned to gather intelligence regarding
Confederate troop movements and report back. As they cross into Rebel territory in the dark, Jeff and fellow scout Bostwick blunder into a Confederate
357:
Sparrow - An Army cook attached to Jeff's regiment. Sparrow knew Clardy before the war, and reveals to Jeff that Clardy murdered and robbed a widow during a storm. Clardy murders
Sparrow after Jeff taunts him with this information, but Noah says Sparrow was not the type who could have kept such a
307:
Heifer Hobbs – company cook and mentor for Jeff in the rebel army of Stand Watie. He stands up for Jeff when
Sergeant Fields accuses Jeff of being a Union spy. Heifer's hideous appearance stands in stark contrast to his superb cooking and friendly, compassionate personality, and he is universally
296:
David
Gardner – Jeff's hometown friend who joins the Union Army with him. Gardner soon regrets his enlistment and deserts, but voluntarily returns after his mother insists. After a lengthy period of punishment details, Gardner joins the Cavalry forces and serves honorably for the remainder of the
189:
Jeff's regiment marches off from
Leavenworth to fight. Despite his eagerness, Jeff is repeatedly pulled away for various details and misses several battles. On one such occasion, Jeff resentfully confronts Clardy and taunts him, prompting a warning from fellow volunteer Noah Babbitt, an itinerant
236:
On leave in a nearby town one night, Jeff happens to meet Lucy and reluctantly tells her he is a spy for the Union. Despite her own loyalties, Lucy agrees to keep his secret. Returning to camp, Jeff stumbles into Clardy and is recognized. Clardy raises the alarm and Jeff goes on the run. Despite
228:
for Watie from a corrupt Union officer. As the latest shipment of rifles is sold, Jeff recognizes the officer as Clardy and realizes he must escape before Watie can buy enough
Spencers to rearm his regiment, but abruptly falls ill and instead sends word ahead via Lemon Jones, an enslaved boy who
303:
Captain Asa Clardy – Jeff's company commander in the Union Army, and a major antagonist against Jeff. He is the one smuggling the
Spencer Rifles to the Rebels. Vindictive, cruel, and utterly corrupt, Clardy has no friends on either side and many enemies, all of which eventually catches up to
276:
Noah
Babbitt – an itinerant printer, older than Jeff, and a Union soldier and a lover of nature. Noah does not take immediately to soldiering and struggles at times to learn new tasks, but displays great courage and resilience through the war, leading Jeff to look up to him as a
27:
241:. Sully catches Jeff, but quickly takes a liking to him. Seizing on this opportunity, Jeff coaxes Sully into joining him, and the two leave Watie's men behind. Exhausted, Jeff reports in to a Union cavalry patrol and is overjoyed to find one of the troopers is Noah.
273:. Killed by a firing squad organized by Captain Clardy. Lee refused any attempts beforehand to get him to talk, simply laughing at Clardy and his men. Jeff refuses to participate in Lee's execution and arranges for Lee's body to be returned to the Washbournes.
245:
his friends from Linn County return home. Lucy sends him a letter, prompting Jeff to decide he will soon propose to her. Returning to his family's farm, Jeff is offered a room but feels restless, instead finding peace outside, under the stars.
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Walter Van Ostrand- A frightened youngster in Jeff's company who purposely shot off one of his own fingers with his rifle-musket to avoid having to go into battle. Clardy accused Van Ostrand of cowardice while Van Ostrand insisted it was an
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Sully - A Texas bloodhound brought in to pursue Jeff while the latter is on the run, Sully is considered impossible to escape from once he is on the hunt. Sully is quickly won over after catching Jeff and accompanies him back to the Union
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Jake Lonegan- A squad leader in Jeff's company. Jake was one of the sharpest recruits at Leavenworth during their early training and carried himself with a "tough guy" image, but throws down his musket and flees the first time he sees
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He spends most of the war as a private, but is promoted to sergeant by order of General Blunt before being discharged. Despite taking arms against the Confederacy, Jeff is proud of his name and tolerates no insults against it.
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said of the book: "Stirring, original and always credible, this is distinctly superior." In a retrospective essay about the Newbery Medal-winning books from 1956 to 1965, librarian Carolyn Horovitz wrote of
161:
The setting, west of the Mississippi, is also not typical of Civil War novels, so the reader gets a perspective on the war not generally available in other books, let alone one found in children's books.
327:
Edith Bussey - Jeff's mother. Edith is caretaker of the Bussey homestead, steadfast and loyal to her husband and family, even as Emory's well-known abolitionist views make enemies in the Kansas-Missouri
186:. Jeff takes a mutual dislike to a career officer, Captain Asa Clardy, whose abrasive personality make him both feared and hated by his men. Despite Clardy's vindictiveness, Jeff takes to military life.
289:– historical character, Union general who battled to control Indian Territory. Blunt overlooks Asa Clardy's vindictive complaints about Jeff, particularly after personally seeing Jeff in combat at the
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351:
Sergeant Sam Fields - NCO for the company of Confederate cavalry Jeff joins. Fields was a close friend to Lee Washbourne and became embittered toward anyone with Union loyalties after Lee's death.
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infantry, Noah and Jeff aid an undermanned Union artillery battery, firing a cannon as Confederate troops attempt to overrun the battery's position. Days later, Jeff and Noah receive the
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Jeff's name and straightforward manner lead him to develop mutual respect and trust with Watie's men. Jeff is called to join a guard for one of Watie's staff, who has been buying
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Jimmy - The 14-year-old drummer boy for the Union army. Accidentally run over by a Union supply wagon, Jimmy eventually dies on Christmas Day, leaving Jeff his prized drum.
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142:, the plot revolves around the fictional sixteen-year-old Jefferson Davis Bussey, who is caught up in the events of history. Actual historical personages (e.g. Generals
266:. Lucy hails from an upper-class family and conducts herself accordingly, but is fiercely loyal to her family and community and has no patience for insults to either.
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After receiving the 1958 Newbery award, the book was scheduled to be reprinted due to an expected increase in sales. This award brought the attention of librarian
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Dixie - A dog owned by a rebel who is killed at the Battle of Wilson's Creek. Jeff befriends her and keeps her, later leaving her with Lucy Washbourne.
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steadily growing weaker from lack of rest and food, Jeff keeps heading back toward Union lines as Watie's men chase him with the aid of Sully, a Texas
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Ring - Jeff's dog in Kansas. Ring is playful and loyal and does not understand when Jeff leaves, but gladly welcomes him home almost four years later.
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418:: "All have value, all are told skilfully. If they lack the qualities of greatness, it is largely because their style has a commercial sameness."
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221:, only to find his force is camped right there. Left with no other choice, the two follow up on the lie and enlist as Confederate cavalry.
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Ford Ivey- One of Jeff's best friends who was severely wounded during the Battle of Wilson's Creek. He eventually has his leg amputated.
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Zed Tinney- God-fearing boy who owns a bible that is bound in black leather. Killed during the Battle of Wilson's Creek.
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in spring 1861, leading 16-year-old Jefferson Davis Bussey and several friends of his to leave for
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John Chadwick – Another of Jeff's hometown friends who joins the Union Army with him.
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agrees to escape and take Jeff's report on to General Blunt, hoping to join the
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Bill Earle – A singer who served with Jeff made in the war, on the Union side.
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position and claim they are on their way to join the cavalry raider
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569:
Horovitz, Carolyn (1965). "Only the Best". In Kingman, Lee (ed.).
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From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler
634:"Rifles for Watie : Rollins, Riley, and Racism"
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Neely North- A breezy recruit from Shawnee Mission.
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1913:Children's books set during the American Civil War
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212:Impressed by Jeff's courage and ability, General
361:Mike Dempsey- Older Irishman who befriends Jeff.
258:Lucy Washbourne – Jeff's love interest, a young
174:pro-slavery bushwackers raid the Bussey farm in
31:Cover of the 1991 HarperCollins reissue hardback
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8:
573:Newbery and Caldecott Medal Books: 1956-1965
505:"Rifles for Watie--A Novel of the Civil War"
480:Newbery and Caldecott Medal Books: 1956-1965
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341:Keegan - A commander for the Confederates.
194:; in the chaos following a charge against
25:
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374:Jim Veatch- Cardplayer in Jeff's company.
1858:Novels set during the American Civil War
205:During the campaigning in the contested
495:
446:Notable Children's Books of 1957 (ALA)
462:Rifles for Watide on Rifles for Watie
16:1957 children's novel by Harold Keith
7:
638:Libraries & the Cultural Record
269:Lee Washbourne – Lucy's brother, a
202:for their valor during the battle.
543:"RIFLES FOR WATIE by Harold Keith"
471:– via BookRags Study Guides.
182:and enlist as a volunteer for the
14:
1908:Children's books set in Oklahoma
1903:Children's books set in Missouri
1287:Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH
836:Gay Neck, the Story of a Pigeon
1898:Children's books set in Kansas
1398:A Visit to William Blake's Inn
856:Hitty, Her First Hundred Years
775:The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle
449:1964 James Carroll Shelf Award
1:
886:Young Fu of the Upper Yangtze
271:Confederate soldier and scout
1863:Children's historical novels
1348:Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry
127:. It was first published in
1868:Newbery Medal–winning works
1829:The Eyes and the Impossible
1759:The Girl Who Drank the Moon
1669:Good Masters! Sweet Ladies!
1177:Island of the Blue Dolphins
1157:The Witch of Blackbird Pond
749:Newbery Medal–winning works
709:The Witch of Blackbird Pond
583:The Horn Book, Incorporated
409:The Witch of Blackbird Pond
264:Tahlequah, Indian Territory
1929:
1873:American children's novels
1779:Merci Suárez Changes Gears
1749:Last Stop on Market Street
866:The Cat Who Went to Heaven
632:Willett, Holly G. (2001).
503:Painter, Helen W. (1961).
476:Kingman, Lee, ed. (1965).
443:Winner, 1958 Newbery Medal
1659:The Higher Power of Lucky
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678:
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1538:The Midwife's Apprentice
1317:M. C. Higgins, the Great
226:Spencer repeating rifles
1117:The Wheel on the School
1036:The Twenty-One Balloons
846:The Trumpeter of Krakow
795:Tales from Silver Lands
696:Newbery Medal recipient
291:Battle of Prairie Grove
192:Battle of Prairie Grove
1893:Novels set in Oklahoma
1888:Novels set in Missouri
1629:The Tale of Despereaux
1548:The View from Saturday
1428:The Hero and the Crown
1137:Miracles on Maple Hill
1127:Carry On, Mr. Bowditch
1077:Amos Fortune, Free Man
688:Miracles on Maple Hill
609:"Gale - Product Login"
438:Awards and nominations
432:Chicago Public Library
428:Charlemae Hill Rollins
403:Carry On, Mr. Bowditch
1878:1957 children's books
1799:When You Trap a Tiger
1719:The One and Only Ivan
1438:Sarah, Plain and Tall
650:10.1353/lac.2001.0074
422:Controversial history
308:liked by Watie's men.
1883:Novels set in Kansas
1853:1957 American novels
1358:Bridge to Terabithia
1056:The Door in the Wall
765:The Story of Mankind
484:. Boston: Horn Book.
233:when he gets there.
150:) and battles (e.g.
135:the following year.
1729:Flora & Ulysses
1709:Dead End in Norvelt
1378:A Gathering of Days
1297:Julie of the Wolves
1277:Summer of the Swans
1207:It's Like This, Cat
1097:Secret of the Andes
332:volunteer to fight.
231:U.S. Colored Troops
176:Linn County, Kansas
131:, and received the
123:by American writer
21:
1809:The Last Cuentista
1699:Moon Over Manifest
1679:The Graveyard Book
1599:A Year Down Yonder
1388:Jacob Have I Loved
876:Waterless Mountain
826:Smoky the Cowhorse
509:Elementary English
170:Amidst an ongoing
140:American Civil War
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1689:When You Reach Me
1227:I, Juan de Pareja
1197:A Wrinkle in Time
1107:...And Now Miguel
976:The Matchlock Gun
896:Invincible Louisa
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613:galeapps.gale.com
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1488:Maniac Magee
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1026:Miss Hickory
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616:. Retrieved
612:
603:
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552:. Retrieved
546:
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512:
508:
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466:. Retrieved
461:
425:
413:
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401:
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390:
389:
243:
235:
223:
211:
204:
188:
172:guerilla war
169:
166:Plot summary
160:
137:
125:Harold Keith
115:
114:
113:
41:Harold Keith
1649:Criss Cross
1508:Missing May
1006:Rabbit Hill
554:December 7,
281:Stand Watie
219:Stand Watie
196:Confederate
144:Stand Watie
1847:Categories
1167:Onion John
1087:Ginger Pye
618:2022-09-28
585:. p.
490:References
468:2007-06-26
249:Characters
239:bloodhound
59:Historical
1819:Freewater
1639:Kira-Kira
1518:The Giver
1329:1976–2000
1068:1951–1975
807:1926–1950
756:1922–1925
666:161752766
658:1932-9555
521:0013-5968
386:Reception
381:accident.
106:Paperback
69:Publisher
595:65-26759
529:41385141
260:Cherokee
102:Hardback
47:Language
1789:New Kid
1619:Crispin
1458:Lincoln
1267:Sounder
679:Awards
454:Sources
430:of the
371:combat.
358:secret.
328:region.
277:mentor.
100:Print (
50:English
1832:(2024)
1822:(2023)
1812:(2022)
1802:(2021)
1792:(2020)
1782:(2019)
1772:(2018)
1762:(2017)
1752:(2016)
1742:(2015)
1732:(2014)
1722:(2013)
1712:(2012)
1702:(2011)
1692:(2010)
1682:(2009)
1672:(2008)
1662:(2007)
1652:(2006)
1642:(2005)
1632:(2004)
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1612:(2002)
1602:(2001)
1581:(2000)
1571:(1999)
1561:(1998)
1551:(1997)
1541:(1996)
1531:(1995)
1521:(1994)
1511:(1993)
1501:(1992)
1498:Shiloh
1491:(1991)
1481:(1990)
1471:(1989)
1461:(1988)
1451:(1987)
1441:(1986)
1431:(1985)
1421:(1984)
1411:(1983)
1401:(1982)
1391:(1981)
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1371:(1979)
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1351:(1977)
1341:(1976)
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1200:(1963)
1190:(1962)
1180:(1961)
1170:(1960)
1160:(1959)
1150:(1958)
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1120:(1955)
1110:(1954)
1100:(1953)
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1059:(1950)
1049:(1949)
1039:(1948)
1029:(1947)
1019:(1946)
1009:(1945)
999:(1944)
989:(1943)
979:(1942)
969:(1941)
959:(1940)
949:(1939)
939:(1938)
929:(1937)
919:(1936)
909:(1935)
899:(1934)
889:(1933)
879:(1932)
869:(1931)
859:(1930)
849:(1929)
839:(1928)
829:(1927)
819:(1926)
798:(1925)
788:(1924)
778:(1923)
768:(1922)
664:
656:
593:
579:Boston
527:
519:
104:&
37:Author
1568:Holes
906:Dobry
662:S2CID
525:JSTOR
348:side.
184:Union
119:is a
55:Genre
701:1958
654:ISSN
591:LCCN
556:2019
517:ISSN
412:and
304:him.
297:war.
154:and
146:and
129:1957
84:1957
646:doi
587:160
63:War
1849::
660:.
652:.
642:36
640:.
636:.
611:.
589:.
581::
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545:.
523:.
513:38
511:.
507:.
406:,
400:,
61:,
741:e
734:t
727:v
668:.
648::
621:.
597:.
558:.
531:.
321:.
108:)
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