45:
88:
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72:
202:
Other rift valleys are the result of bends or discontinuities in horizontally-moving (strike-slip) faults. When these bends or discontinuities are in the same direction as the relative motions along the fault, extension occurs. For example, for a right lateral-moving fault, a bend to the right will
500:
The best explanation is that Lake Vostok may lie in a rift valley, as does Lake
Tanganyika in East Africa and Lake Baikal in Russia. The geography of Lake Vostok is indeed consistent with this notion, in that the lake has a crescent shape, just like Tanganyika and Baikal, and the side walls of the
340:
is the first confirmed in the Pluto system, however large chasms up to 950 km wide observed on Charon have also been tentatively interpreted by some as giant rifts, and similar formations have also been noted on Pluto. A recent study suggests a complex system of ancient lunar rift valleys,
781:
Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C.; Besserer, Jonathan; Head III, James W.; Howett, Carly J. A.; Kiefer, Walter S.; Lucey, Paul J.; McGovern, Patrick J.; Melosh, H. Jay; Neumann, Gregory A.; Phillips, Roger J.; Schenk, Paul M.; Smith, David E.; Solomon, Sean C.; Zuber, Maria T. (2014). "Structure and
714:
Solomon, Sean C.; Smrekar, Suzanne E.; Bindschadler, Duane L.; Grimm, Robert E.; Kaula, William M.; McGill, George E.; Phillips, Roger J.; Saunders, R. Stephen; Schubert, Gerald; Squyres, Steven W.; Stofan, Ellen R. (1992). "Venus tectonics: An overview of
Magellan observations".
211:
fault. Where a fault breaks into two strands, or two faults run close to each other, crustal extension may also occur between them, as a result of differences in their motions. Both types of fault-caused extension commonly occur on a small scale, producing such features as
128:. The linear depression may subsequently be further deepened by the forces of erosion. More generally the valley is likely to be filled with sedimentary deposits derived from the rift flanks and the surrounding areas. In many cases
331:
and a part of the western Eistla, and possibly also Alta and Bell Regio have been interpreted by some planetary geologists as rift valleys. Some natural satellites also have prominent rift valleys. The 2,000 km long
144:. They are often associated with a number of adjoining subsidiary or co-extensive valleys, which are typically considered part of the principal rift valley geologically.
671:
Senske, D. A.; Schaber, G. G.; Stofan, E. R. (1992). "Regional topographic rises on Venus: Geology of
Western Eistla Regio and comparison to Beta Regio and Atla Regio".
246:, lies in an active rift valley. Baikal is both the deepest lake in the world and, with 20% of all of the liquid freshwater on earth, has the greatest volume.
842:
1018:
636:
Kiefer, W. S.; Swafford, L. C. (2006). "Topographic
Analysis Of Devana Chasma, Venus; Implications For Rift System Segmentation And Propagation".
349:. The Uranus system also has prominent examples, with large 'chasma' believed to be giant rift valley systems, most notably the 1492 km long
871:
Smith, B. A.; Soderblom, L. A.; Beebe, A.; Bliss, D.; Boyce, J. M.; Brahic, A.; Briggs, G. A.; Brown, R. H.; Collins, S. A. (4 July 1986).
929:
Bonatti, E (1985). "Punctiform initiation of seafloor spreading in the Red Sea during transition from a continental to an oceanic rift".
1261:
395:
522:
199:
are in the process of breaking apart forming new plates. If they continue, continental rifts will eventually become oceanic rifts.
441:
44:
1011:
327:
on Mars is believed by planetary geologists to be a large rift system. Some features of Venus, most notably, the 4,000 km
203:
result in stretching and consequent subsidence in the area of the irregularity. In the view of many geologists today, the
1046:
540:"Rift processes at the Valles Marineris, Mars: Constraints from gravity on necking and rate-dependent strength evolution"
31:
1710:
1684:
1004:
589:"The formation of Valles Marineris: 3. Trough formation through super-isostasy, stress, sedimentation, and subsidence"
1705:
850:
192:
1346:
323:
Rift valleys are also known to occur on other terrestrial planets and natural satellites. The 4,000 km long
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136:. On Earth, rifts can occur at all elevations, from the sea floor to plateaus and mountain ranges in
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968:
Mart, Y.; Dauteuil, O. (2000). "Analogue experiments of propagation of oblique rifts".
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989:
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207:
lies in a rift which results from a leftward discontinuity in the left lateral-moving
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52:
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evolution of the lunar
Procellarum region as revealed by GRAIL gravity data".
657:
269:
64:
56:
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Many existing continental rift valleys are the result of a failed arm (
80:
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564:
539:
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996:
950:
420:
300:
296:
872:
191:, which are currently active, as well as a fourth which may be, the
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381:
132:
are formed. One of the best known examples of this process is the
86:
152:
The most extensive rift valley is located along the crest of the
1311:
336:
on Tethys in the Saturn system is a prominent example. Charon's
272:
117:
1000:
234:
Many of the world's largest lakes are located in rift valleys.
843:"Birth of Uranus' provocative moon still puzzles scientists"
120:. Rifts are formed as a result of the pulling apart of the
873:"Voyager 2 in the Uranian System: Imaging Science Results"
315:
largest natural lake, is also an example of a rift lake.
466:
Siegert, Martin J. (1999). "Antarctica's Lake Vostok".
768:"'Blowing my mind': Peaks on Pluto, canyons on Charon"
195:. In these instances, not only the crust but entire
1647:
1614:
1596:
1543:
1471:
1408:
1365:
1141:
1100:
1034:
27:Linear lowland created by a tectonic rift or fault
501:lake are relatively steep, at least on one side.
116:or mountain ranges produced by the action of a
1012:
160:. Examples of this type of rift include the
8:
849:. Imaginova Corp. p. 1. Archived from
112:is a linear shaped lowland between several
1019:
1005:
997:
538:Anderson, Scott; Grimm, Robert E. (1998).
283:, may also lie in an ancient rift valley.
612:
563:
275:by area, lies in the ancient and dormant
97:
70:
43:
373:
444:. Alaska Science Forum. Archived from
250:, second by both measures, is in the
7:
303:lie inside a rift valley called the
256:, the westernmost arm of the active
1262:List of tectonic plate interactions
421:"Lake Baikal – World Heritage Site"
587:Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C. (2012).
25:
1680:
1679:
179:, although there are three, the
717:Journal of Geophysical Research
673:Journal of Geophysical Research
593:Journal of Geophysical Research
544:Journal of Geophysical Research
279:. The largest subglacial lake,
841:Chaikin, Andrew (2001-10-16).
1:
990:10.1016/s0040-1951(99)00231-0
766:Dunn, Marcia (16 July 2015).
638:Journal of Structural Geology
513:John Grotzinger .... (2006).
442:"The Oddities of Lake Baikal"
319:Extraterrestrial rift valleys
396:"The World's Greatest Lakes"
156:system and is the result of
147:
32:Rift valley (disambiguation)
897:10.1126/science.233.4759.43
517:. New York: W. H. Freeman.
382:"The Ethiopian Rift Valley"
1727:
227:
193:West Antarctic Rift System
36:
29:
1675:
1347:Thick-skinned deformation
658:10.1016/j.jsg.2005.12.002
1352:Thin-skinned deformation
1128:Stereographic projection
353:on Titania, 622 km
305:Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben
93:Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben
37:Not to be confused with
1118:Orthographic projection
1101:Measurement conventions
1047:Lamé's stress ellipsoid
105:
95:
84:
68:
51:. From left to right:
1629:Paleostress inversion
1322:Strike-slip tectonics
1192:Extensional tectonics
1172:Continental collision
1042:Deformation mechanism
126:extensional tectonics
101:
90:
74:
47:
1207:Fold and thrust belt
614:10.1029/2012JE004059
384:. Giacomo Corti-CNR.
148:Earth's rift valleys
30:For other uses, see
1639:Section restoration
1515:Rock microstructure
1177:Convergent boundary
1077:Strain partitioning
1062:Overburden pressure
1052:Mohr–Coulomb theory
982:2000Tectp.316..121M
943:1985Natur.316...33B
889:1986Sci...233...43S
804:10.1038/nature13697
796:2014Natur.514...68A
729:1992JGR....9713199S
685:1992JGR....9713395S
650:2006JSG....28.2144K
605:2012JGRE..117.6002A
556:1998JGR...10311113A
515:Understanding Earth
480:1999AmSci..87..510S
244:World Heritage Site
158:sea floor spreading
75:A rift valley near
49:African Rift Valley
1711:Tectonic landforms
1616:Kinematic analysis
1272:Mountain formation
1187:Divergent boundary
1152:Accretionary wedge
1028:Structural geology
488:10.1511/1999.6.510
468:American Scientist
209:Dead Sea Transform
162:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
106:
96:
85:
69:
1706:Rifts and grabens
1693:
1692:
1624:3D fold evolution
1510:Pressure solution
1505:Oblique foliation
1385:Exfoliation joint
1375:Columnar jointing
1035:Underlying theory
737:10.1029/92JE01418
693:10.1029/92JE01167
644:(12): 2144–2155.
565:10.1029/98JE00740
277:Midcontinent Rift
258:East African Rift
224:Rift valley lakes
181:East African Rift
166:East Pacific Rise
138:continental crust
134:East African Rift
16:(Redirected from
1718:
1683:
1682:
1428:Detachment fault
1423:Cataclastic rock
1357:Thrust tectonics
1327:Structural basin
1302:Pull-apart basin
1242:Horst and graben
1021:
1014:
1007:
998:
993:
976:(1–2): 121–132.
962:
951:10.1038/316033a0
917:
916:
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456:
454:
453:
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432:
431:
429:
428:
423:. World Heritage
417:
411:
410:
408:
407:
398:. Archived from
392:
386:
385:
378:
361:on Miranda, and
355:Kachina Chasmata
325:Valles Marineris
289:Lake Timiskaming
189:Baikal Rift Zone
21:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1715:
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1695:
1694:
1689:
1671:
1643:
1610:
1592:
1563:Detachment fold
1539:
1467:
1463:Transform fault
1438:Fault mechanics
1404:
1361:
1297:Plate tectonics
1247:Intra-arc basin
1137:
1108:Brunton compass
1096:
1030:
1025:
967:
937:(6023): 33–37.
928:
925:
923:Further reading
920:
883:(4759): 43–64.
870:
869:
865:
856:
854:
853:on July 9, 2008
840:
839:
835:
790:(7520): 68–71.
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379:
375:
371:
338:Nostromo Chasma
321:
268:, the largest
248:Lake Tanganyika
232:
226:
197:tectonic plates
185:Rio Grande rift
177:triple junction
154:mid-ocean ridge
150:
63:(largest), and
61:Lake Tanganyika
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1530:Tectonic phase
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1292:Passive margin
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1254:
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1217:Foreland basin
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1212:Fold mountains
1209:
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1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
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1169:
1167:Back-arc basin
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1133:Strike and dip
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1104:
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1067:Rock mechanics
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1038:
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1016:
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970:Tectonophysics
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351:Messina Chasma
320:
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285:Lake Nipissing
253:Albertine Rift
228:Main article:
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14:
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1458:Transfer zone
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1080:
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1058:
1057:Mohr's circle
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1017:
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750:
746:
742:
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734:
730:
726:
723:(E8): 13199.
722:
718:
710:
707:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
679:(E8): 13395.
678:
674:
667:
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583:
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561:
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553:
550:(E5): 11113.
549:
545:
541:
534:
531:
526:
524:0-7167-7696-0
520:
516:
509:
506:
502:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
462:
459:
448:on 2012-04-19
447:
443:
437:
434:
422:
416:
413:
402:on 2020-06-19
401:
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1142:Large-scale
1113:Inclinometer
1087:Stress field
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359:Verona Rupes
347:Vallis Alpes
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1634:Paleostress
1520:Slickenside
1495:Crenulation
1448:Fault trace
1443:Fault scarp
1433:Disturbance
1418:Cataclasite
1307:Rift valley
1227:Half-graben
1197:Fault block
1182:DĂ©collement
599:(E6): n/a.
365:on Oberon.
281:Lake Vostok
236:Lake Baikal
122:lithosphere
110:rift valley
53:Lake Upemba
18:Rift Valley
1700:Categories
1662:Pure shear
1649:Shear zone
1606:Competence
1490:Compaction
1367:Fracturing
1162:Autochthon
1157:Allochthon
857:2007-07-23
770:. PhysOrg.
474:(6): 510.
452:2007-01-07
427:2007-01-13
406:2020-06-18
369:References
357:on Ariel,
341:including
270:freshwater
218:landslides
130:rift lakes
65:Lake Rukwa
57:Lake Mweru
1598:Boudinage
1578:Monocline
1573:Homocline
1553:Anticline
1535:Tectonite
1525:Stylolite
1500:Fissility
1477:lineation
1473:Foliation
1337:Syneclise
1282:Obduction
1252:Inversion
1144:tectonics
847:space.com
812:0028-0836
753:129537658
745:0148-0227
701:0148-0227
623:0148-0227
574:0148-0227
496:209833822
313:Iceland's
230:Rift lake
214:sag ponds
173:aulacogen
114:highlands
39:Rift zone
1685:Category
1657:Mylonite
1588:Vergence
1583:Syncline
1485:Cleavage
1410:Faulting
905:17812889
820:25279919
205:Dead Sea
187:and the
164:and the
77:Quilotoa
1558:Chevron
1545:Folding
1390:Fissure
1342:Terrane
1287:Orogeny
1267:MĂ©lange
1202:Fenster
1092:Tension
978:Bibcode
959:4355790
939:Bibcode
913:5895824
885:Bibcode
877:Science
828:4452730
792:Bibcode
725:Bibcode
681:Bibcode
646:Bibcode
601:Bibcode
552:Bibcode
476:Bibcode
293:Ontario
240:Siberia
175:) of a
124:due to
81:Ecuador
1332:Suture
1317:Saddle
1257:Klippe
1222:Graben
1082:Stress
1072:Strain
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301:Canada
297:Quebec
140:or in
1667:Shear
1395:Joint
1277:Nappe
1237:Horst
1232:Horse
955:S2CID
909:S2CID
824:S2CID
749:S2CID
492:S2CID
1568:Dome
1475:and
1400:Vein
1380:Dike
1312:Rift
1123:Rake
901:PMID
816:PMID
808:ISSN
741:ISSN
697:ISSN
619:ISSN
570:ISSN
519:ISBN
345:and
295:and
287:and
273:lake
242:, a
91:The
986:doi
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