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In May 1941, as tensions at the
Ecuadorian-Peruvian border mounted and war was imminent, the governments of the United States, Brazil, and Argentina offered their services in aiding in the mediation of the dispute. Their efforts failed to prevent the outbreak of hostilities on July 23, 1941, but the
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rivers; Peru agreed to withdraw
Peruvian military forces from Ecuadorian territory. An area of 200,000 km (77,000 sq mi) of hitherto disputed territory in the Maynas region of the Amazonian basin was awarded to Peru, which had been established to be the
382:. The observers from the United States, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile co-signed the document, becoming "Guarantors of the Protocol". The Rio Protocol was subsequently ratified by each country's congress on February 26, 1942.
363:, the United States was eager to present a united American continent. At the third Pan-American Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the United States encouraged a settlement between the two countries.
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while foreign troops were stationed on
Ecuadorian soil. This stance was modified by subsequent governments, but was never officially reverted until the resolution of the dispute in 1995.
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line defined in the 1936 Lima Accord was used as the basis for the definitive border line; the previous border recognized current possessions, but not
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On
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By the terms of the
Protocol, Ecuador agreed to withdraw its long-standing claim for rights to direct land access to the
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During the 1960s, the
Ecuadorian government alleged that the Protocol was invalid, because it had been signed under
341:, as well as in the Amazonian lands. Ecuador accused Peru of continuing its advances into the highland province of
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of 1941–1942. Nevertheless, the
Protocol was incomplete, and war broke out between Peru and Ecuador twice more, in
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diplomatic intervention led to a definitive cease-fire being put into place on July 31. Despite this, limited
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446:"Territorial Disputes and Their Resolution: Peaceworks: Publications: U.S. Institute of Peace"
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continued to occur through the months of August and
September in the Ecuadorian provinces of
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The intended goal of the Rio
Protocol was not fulfilled until the signing of the
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On
January 29, 1942, on the final day of the third Pan-American Summit, held in
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La InvasiĂłn Peruana y el Protocolo de Rio. Antecedentes y ExplicaciĂłn HistĂłrica
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as guarantors. The Protocol was intended to finally resolve the long-running
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Territorial Disputes and Their Resolution: The Case of Ecuador and Peru
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Protocol of Peace, Friendship, and Boundaries between Peru and Ecuador
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between the two countries, and brought about the official end of the
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473:. Quito, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1982 (1st Ed. 1945). P. 462.
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possessor of the land since the end of the 19th century. The
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es:Protocolo de Paz, Amistad y LĂmites de RĂo de Janeiro
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in 1995. Between the signing of the two treaties, the
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for short, was an international agreement signed in
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55:. Please do not remove this message until
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75:Learn how and when to remove this message
51:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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432:References
426:Cenepa War
400:status quo
331:skirmishes
261:Wikisource
120:1942-01-29
42:neutrality
302:Argentina
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231:Ratifiers
164:Argentina
139:Mediators
53:talk page
424:and the
411:coercion
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196:Original
128:Location
46:disputed
481:Sources
387:Marañon
324:History
316:and in
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236:Ecuador
211:Ecuador
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391:Amazon
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176:Brazil
113:Signed
343:Azuay
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389:and
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