253:, did this task. The ring frame was idle until it was completed. Harold Partington (1906 - 1994) of Chadderton, England, patented a 'Means for Doffing Ring Frames' in September 1953 (US Patent 2,653,440). The machine removed full bobbins from the ring frame spindles, and placed empty bobbins onto the spindles in their place; eight spindles at a time. It was traversable along the front of the ring frame step by step through successive operations, and thereby reduced the period of stoppage of the ring frame as well as reducing the labour required for removing all the filled bobbins on a frame and replacing them with empty bobbins. The Partington autodoffer was developed with assistance from Platt Brothers (Oldham) and worked perfectly in ideal conditions: flat horizontal floor and ring frame parallel to the floor and standing vertically. Sadly, these conditions were unobtainable in most Lancashire cotton mills at the time and so the autodoffer did not go into production. The Partington autodoffer was unique and the only one to work properly as an add-on to a ring frame. A more modern mechanical doffer system fitted as an integral part of the ring frame, reduced the doffing time to 30–35 seconds.
1234:
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84:
31:
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Textile firms united to reduce capacity rather than to add to it. It wasn't until the late 1940s that some replacement spindles started to be ordered and ring frames became dominant. Debate still continues in academic papers on whether the
Lancashire entrepreneurs made the right purchases decisions in the 1890s. The engine house and steam engine of the
339:
288:
for the New
Ladyhouse Cotton Spinning Company (registered 26 April 1877). A cluster of smaller mills developed which between 1884 and 1914 out performed the ring mills of Oldham. After 1926, the Lancashire industry went into sharp decline, the Indian export market was lost, Japan was self-sufficient.
413:
share the same axis but rotate at different speeds. The spindle is driven and the traveller drags behind thus distributing the rotation between winding up on the spindle and twist into the yarn. The bobbin is fixed on the spindle. In a ring frames, the different speed was achieved by drag caused by
384:
loaded with bobbins of roving. The roving (unspun thread) passes downwards from the bobbins to the draughting rollers. Here the back roller steadied the incoming thread, while the front rollers rotated faster, pulling the roving out and making the fibres more parallel. The rollers are individually
276:
Technologically mules were more versatile. The mules were more easily changed to spin the larger variety of qualities of cotton then found in
Lancashire. While Lancashire concentrated on "Fines" for export, it also spun a wider range, including the very coarse wastes. The existence of the Liverpool
280:
The wage cost per spindle is higher for ring spinning. In the states, where cotton staple was cheap, the additional labour costs of running mules could be absorbed, but
Lancashire had to pay shipment costs. The critical factor was the availability of labour, when skilled labour was scarce then the
224:
Manchester was convinced of the viability of the method. After a fact-finding tour to the States by his agent Blakey, he started to work on improving the frame. It was still too primitive to compete with the highly developed mule frames, let alone supersede them. He first started on improving the
241:
by attaching an open ring to the traverse or ring rail. This device controlled the thread, and consequently a lighter traveller could be made which could operate at higher speeds. Another problem was the accumulation of fluff on the traveller breaking the thread - this was eliminated by a device
103:
was developed and patented by
Arkwright in the 1770s. The roving was attenuated (stretched) by draughting rollers and twisted by winding it onto a spindle. It was heavy large-scale machine that needed to be driven by power, which in the late 18th century meant by a water wheel. Cotton mills were
432:
is a separate process. An attendant (or robot in an automated system) winds down the ring rails to the bottom. The machine stops. The thread guides are hinged up. The completed bobbin coils (yarn packages) are removed from the spindles. The new bobbin tube is placed on the spindle trapping the
324:
in the years preceding 1967. It was far faster than ring spinning, and did away with many preparatory processes. Put simply, the thread was ejected spinning from a nozzle, and on exiting hooked onto other loose fibres in the chamber behind. It was first introduced into the United
Kingdom at the
176:
The
Rabbeth spindle was self-lubricating and capable of running without vibration at over 7500 rpm. The Draper Co. bought the patent and expanded the Sawyer Spindle Co. to manufacture it. They licensed it to Fales & Jenks Machine Co., the Hopedale Machine Co., and later, other machine
159:
At the time of the
American Civil War, the American industry boasted 1,091 mills with 5,200,000 spindles processing 800,000 bales of cotton. The largest mill, Naumkeag Steam Cotton Co. in Salem, Mass.had 65,584 spindles. The average mill housed only 5,000 to 12,000 spindles, with mule spindles
123:
was a descendant of the water frame. It used the same principles, was better engineered and driven by steam. In 1828 the
Danforth throstle frame was invented in the United States. The heavy flyer caused the spindle to vibrate, and the yarn snarled every time the frame was stopped. Not a
69:
is first attenuated by using drawing rollers, then spun and wound around a rotating spindle which in its turn is contained within an independently rotating ring flyer. Traditionally ring frames could only be used for the coarser counts, but they could be attended by semi-skilled labour.
167:
Jacob Sawyer vastly improved spindle for the ring frame in 1871, taking the speed from 5000rpm to 7500rpm and reducing the power needed, formerly 100 spindles would need 1 hp but now 125 could be driven. This also led to production of fine yarns. During the next ten years, the
172:
protected its patent through the courts. One infringee was Jenks, who was marketing a spindle known after its designer, Rabbeth. When they lost the case, Mssrs. Fales and Jenks, revealed a new patent free spindle also designed by
Rabbeth, and also named the Rabbeth spindle.
393:
that is adjusted to be centred above the spindle. Thread guides are on a thread rail which allows them to be hinged out of the way for doffing or piecing a broken thread. The attenuated roving passes down to the spindle assembly, where it is threaded though a small
269:. They were constantly trying to improve the speed and quality of their product. The US market was relatively small, the total number of spindles in the entire United States was barely more than the number of spindles in one Lancashire town,
433:
thread between it and the cup in the wharf of the spindle, the thread guides are lowered and the machine restarted. Now all the processes are done automatically. The yarn is taken to a cone winder. Currently, machines are manufactured by
228:
Brooks and other manufacturers now worked on improving the spinning frame. The principal cause for concern was the design of the Booth-Sawyer spindle. The bobbin did not fit tightly on the spindle and vibrated wildly at higher speeds.
1773:
163:
After the war, mill building started in the south, it was seen as a way of providing employment. Almost exclusively these mills used ring technology to produce coarse counts, and the New England mills moved into fine counts.
1803:
193:. The ring frame was reliable for coarser counts while Lancashire spun fine counts as well. The ring frame was heavier, requiring structural alteration in the mills and needed more power. These were not problems in the
414:
air resistance and friction (lubrication of the contact surface between the traveller and the ring was a necessity). Spindles could rotate at speeds up to 25,000 rpm, this spins the yarn. The up and down
225:
doubling frame, constructing the necessary tooling needed to improve the precision of manufacture. This was profitable and machines offering 180,000 spindle were purchased by a sewing thread manufacturer.
1880:
237:
used the Rabbath spindle, which solved these problems. Another problem was ballooning, where the thread built up in an uneven manner. This was addressed by Furniss and Young of Mellor Bottom Mill,
148:
Machine shops experimented with ring frames and components in the 1830s. The success of the ring frame, however, was dependent on the market it served and it was not until industry leaders like
205:: skilled spinners were plentiful in Lancashire. In the main the requirements on the two continents were different, and the ring frame was not the method of choice for Europe at that moment.
1818:
1813:
441:(Japan), Zinser, Suessen, (Germany) and Marzoli (Italy)LMW (India). LMW Rieter and Toyota as have machines with up to 1824 spindles. All require controlled atmospheric conditions.
261:
The ring frame was extensively used in the United States, where coarser counts were manufactured. Many of frame manufacturers were US affiliates of the Lancashire firms, such as
1778:
490:
1915:
1783:
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A major time constraint was doffing, or changing the spindles. Three hundred or more spindles had to be removed, and replaced. The machine had to be stopped while the
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ring became advantageous. This had always been so in New England, and when it became so in Lancashire, ring frames started to be adopted.
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builders. From 1883 to 1890 this was the standard spindle, and William Draper spent much of his time in court defending this patent.
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684:"Can profitable arbitrage opportunities in the raw cotton market explain Britain's continued preference for mule spinning?"
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402:. It is this that gives the ring frame its name. From here the thread is attached to the existing thread on the spindle.
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273:. When production in Lancashire peaked in 1926 Oldham had 17.669 million spindles and the UK had 58.206 million.
109:
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The search for faster and more reliable ring spinning techniques continues. In 2005, a PhD paper was written at
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96:. The spindle rotated faster than the traveller in a ratio of 8:6, drawing was done by the spinners fingers.
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562:"Investigating Disruptive Technology The Emergence Of Ring Spinning In The American Textile Industry"
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721:
Toms (1998). "Growth profit and Technological Choice. The case for the Lancashire Cotton Industry".
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858:- Describes the blow room, carding, Ring spinning, OE, fibre testing, textile calculations etc.
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53:. The ring frame developed from the throstle frame, which in its turn was a descendant of
156:
in the 1850s began to manufacture ring frames that the technology started to take hold.
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The new method was compared with the self-acting spinning mule which was developed by
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cotton exchange meant that mill owners had access to a wider selection of staples.
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Amalgamated Association of Beamers, Twisters and Drawers (Hand and Machine)
284:
The first known mill in Lancashire dedicated to ring spinning was built in
737:"Ring-spinning-system-for-making-yarn-having-a-magnetically-elevated-ring"
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General Union of Lancashire and Yorkshire Warp Dressers' Association
1145:
584:"Textile Industry Meets Demand Of Booming U.S. Population 1887–1900"
1213:
922:
338:
337:
207:
82:
29:
864:- Articles on Ring Spinning machines, processes and technologies.
368:
was constructed from cast iron, and later pressed steel. On each
917:
855:
50:
1149:
876:
872:
201:. It fulfilled New England's difficulty in finding skilled
426:. The lifting must be adjusted for different yarn counts.
385:
adjustable, originally by mean of levers and weights. The
797:
Cotton Spinning: its development, principles and practice
398:
ring called the traveller. The traveller moves along the
65:
which uses an intermittent action. In ring spinning, the
1819:
North East Lancashire Amalgamated Weavers' Association
1814:
Lancashire Amalgamated Tape Sizers' Friendly Society
1779:
Amalgamated Association of Operative Cotton Spinners
491:
Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution
1995:
1959:
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779:(Elibron Classics ed.). London: John Heywood.
189:using the more advanced engineering techniques in
61:. Ring spinning is a continuous process, unlike
49:fibres, such as cotton, flax or wool, to make a
777:Recent Cotton Mill Construction and Engineering
212:Brooks and Doxey Ring Spinning Frame about 1890
1784:Amalgamated Textile Warehousemen's Association
667:
533:
1161:
888:
8:
1314:B. Hick and Sons / Hick, Hargreaves & Co
501:Timeline of clothing and textiles technology
127:The Ring frame is credited to John Thorp in
1834:United Textile Factory Workers' Association
1824:Northern Counties Textile Trades Federation
92:The Saxony wheel was a double band treadle
1168:
1154:
1146:
895:
881:
873:
602:
600:
310:to reduce friction, a techniques known as
677:
675:
131:in 1828/9 and developed by Mr. Jencks of
564:. Harvard Business School, Baker Library
160:out-numbering ring spindles two-to-one.
756:
655:
643:
631:
548:
518:
511:
104:designed for the purpose by Arkwright,
703:
692:
544:
542:
1354:Yates & Thom / Yates of Blackburn
689:. London: London School of Economics.
529:
527:
7:
116:. Water frames could only spin weft.
34:A ring spinning machine in the 1920s
1789:Amalgamated Textile Workers' Union
1334:William Roberts & Co of Nelson
832:Cotton Mills of Greater Manchester
25:
1809:General Union of Loom Overlookers
682:Leunig, Timothy (November 2002).
144:Developments in the United States
1794:Amalgamated Weavers' Association
1232:
966:
422:into the shape required: i.e. a
2064:History of the textile industry
1224:Sidney Stott (later Sir Philip)
830:Williams, Mike; Farnie (1992).
1652:Amalgamated Cotton Mills Trust
1:
1627:Lancashire Cotton Corporation
1601:Thomas Whitehead and Brothers
1304:W & J Galloway & Sons
723:Journal of Industrial History
378:draughting (drafting) rollers
1405:John Hetherington & Sons
1289:Clayton, Goodfellow & Co
818:. Manchester: Marsden and Co
242:called a traveller cleaner.
1390:Butterworth & Dickinson
856:A complete spinning website
800:. George Bell and Sons 1903
2090:
1622:Fine Spinners and Doublers
1230:
668:Williams & Farnie 1992
534:Williams & Farnie 1992
343:Modern ring spinning frame
87:Arkwright's spinning frame
2033:John Kay (spinning frame)
2028:John Kay (flying shuttle)
1673:Cotton-spinning machinery
1445:Parr, Curtis & Madely
1395:Curtis, Parr & Walton
1274:Browett, Lindley & Co
1075:Cotton-spinning machinery
964:
794:Marsden, Richard (1884).
461:Cotton-spinning machinery
27:Method of spinning fibres
1470:Textile Machinery Makers
1450:British Northrop Loom Co
1369:Woolstenhulmes & Rye
1319:John Musgrave & Sons
1199:Bradshaw Gass & Hope
1987:Quarry Bank Mill, Styal
1647:James Burton & Sons
1637:Combined Egyptian Mills
1475:Tweedales & Smalley
834:. Carnegie Publishing.
139:names as the inventor.
133:Pawtucket, Rhode Island
1683:Magnetic ring spinning
1678:DREF friction spinning
1359:Willans & Robinson
1264:Bateman & Sherratt
1095:Magnetic ring spinning
1090:DREF friction spinning
702:Cite journal requires
471:Magnetic ring spinning
466:Dref Friction Spinning
420:thread onto the bobbin
361:
354:5 Anti-ballooning ring
312:Magnetic ring spinning
249:, who were often very
213:
88:
35:
1860:Mule spinners' cancer
1829:The Textile Institute
1799:Cardroom Amalgamation
1668:Textile manufacturing
1480:T. Wildman & Sons
1465:Taylor, Lang & Co
1425:Howard & Bullough
1415:John Pilling and Sons
1349:Urmson & Thompson
1259:Ashworth & Parker
1100:Mule spinners' cancer
812:Marsden, ed. (1910).
496:Textile manufacturing
389:now passes through a
372:of the frame are the
341:
267:Tweedales and Smalley
263:Howard & Bullough
231:Howard & Bullough
211:
152:in the 1840s and the
108:and others along the
86:
33:
1843:Employment practices
1661:Industrial processes
1279:Buckley & Taylor
1204:F.W. Dixon & Son
1135:Wool combing machine
815:Cotton Yearbook 1910
608:"Hopedale inventors"
582:Gilkerson, Yancy S.
150:Whitin Machine Works
2059:American inventions
1855:Kissing the shuttle
1632:Bagley & Wright
1571:George Augustus Lee
1561:William Houldsworth
1531:Nathaniel Eckersley
1400:Dobson & Barlow
1344:Scott & Hodgson
1309:Benjamin Goodfellow
1294:Earnshaw & Holt
1068:Industrial spinning
1022:Hand spinning tools
868:Auto-doffing videos
418:motion guides the
350:3 Attenuated roving
308:magnetic levitation
306:, Alabama on using
291:Ellenroad Ring Mill
197:cotton industry in
154:Lowell Machine Shop
1511:Hugh Hornby Birley
1455:Pemberton & Co
1440:Mather & Platt
1420:Harling & Todd
1385:Brooks & Doxey
1329:Petrie of Rochdale
1324:J & W McNaught
1269:Boulton & Watt
362:
360:8 Thread on bobbin
346:1 Drafting rollers
327:Maple Mill, Oldham
222:Brooks & Doxey
214:
181:Adoption in Europe
170:Draper Corporation
89:
36:
2074:Textile machinery
2046:
2045:
2003:Richard Arkwright
1982:Weavers' Triangle
1977:Queen Street Mill
1758:Lancashire boiler
1688:Open-end spinning
1610:Limited companies
1576:Charles Macintosh
1516:Joseph Brotherton
1143:
1142:
1085:Open-end spinning
476:Open end spinning
387:attenuated roving
376:, above them are
320:was developed in
318:Open end spinning
304:Auburn University
45:-based method of
16:(Redirected from
2081:
2018:James Hargreaves
1916:Oldham (borough)
1526:Peter Drinkwater
1496:Elkanah Armitage
1378:Machinery makers
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1059:Spinner's weasel
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380:and on top is a
297:New technologies
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2008:Samuel Crompton
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1972:Helmshore Mills
1955:
1869:
1865:Piece-rate list
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1733:Lancashire Loom
1656:
1617:Oldham Limiteds
1605:
1556:Richard Howarth
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1430:Geo. Hattersley
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1194:David Bellhouse
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293:are preserved.
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257:Rings and mules
187:Richard Roberts
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137:Richard Marsden
106:Jedediah Strutt
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786:1-4021-4558-6
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39:Ring spinning
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2023:Thomas Highs
1767:Associations
1743:Air-jet loom
1728:Roberts Loom
1692:
1596:John Rylands
1566:John Kennedy
1541:William Gray
1536:John Fielden
1521:James Burton
1339:George Saxon
1254:Ashton Frost
1209:Edward Potts
1079:
831:
820:. Retrieved
814:
802:. Retrieved
796:
776:
766:Bibliography
757:Marsden 1884
752:
740:. Retrieved
731:
722:
716:
695:cite journal
663:
656:Marsden 1884
651:
644:Marsden 1884
639:
632:Marsden 1884
627:
616:. Retrieved
612:the original
588:. Retrieved
577:
566:. Retrieved
556:
549:Marsden 1884
519:Marsden 1884
514:
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391:thread guide
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356:6 Traveller
342:
334:How it works
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158:
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129:Rhode Island
38:
37:
2038:Robert Owen
1748:Rapier loom
1723:Water frame
1591:Robert Peel
1551:Samuel Greg
1546:Hannah Greg
1506:Hugh Birley
1489:Mill owners
1130:Water frame
1039:Niddy noddy
742:23 November
536:, p. 8
456:Cotton mill
411:the spindle
199:New England
101:water frame
59:water frame
2053:Categories
1911:Manchester
1906:Lancashire
1901:Derbyshire
1850:More looms
1753:Dandy loom
1642:Courtaulds
1581:Hugh Mason
1187:Architects
1177:Lancashire
1044:Nostepinne
1008:Short draw
976:Techniques
822:2009-04-26
804:2009-04-26
618:2009-04-30
590:2009-04-30
568:2009-04-30
507:References
366:ring frame
251:young boys
235:Accrington
195:antebellum
191:Manchester
114:Derbyshire
1951:Yorkshire
1936:Stockport
1881:LCC mills
1299:Fairbairn
1003:Scutching
998:Long draw
911:Materials
416:ring rail
407:traveller
348:2 Spindle
55:Arkwright
18:Ring spun
2069:Spinning
1996:Pioneers
1941:Tameside
1926:Rochdale
1896:Cheshire
1718:Steaming
1435:Asa Lees
993:Heckling
904:Spinning
775:(1895).
481:Spinning
445:See also
374:spindles
203:spinners
124:success.
47:spinning
1960:Museums
1931:Salford
1921:Preston
1713:Carding
1049:Spindle
1034:Distaff
988:Combing
983:Carding
958:Worsted
451:Carding
430:Doffing
358:7 Rings
286:Milnrow
247:doffers
74:History
43:spindle
1886:Bolton
1180:cotton
953:Woolen
938:Staple
933:Sliver
928:Roving
838:
783:
439:Toyota
435:Rieter
271:Oldham
239:Mellor
135:, who
67:roving
1946:Wigan
1214:Stott
923:Rolag
687:(PDF)
382:creel
41:is a
1891:Bury
918:Noil
836:ISBN
781:ISBN
744:2010
708:help
409:and
405:The
400:ring
370:side
265:and
119:The
99:The
51:yarn
948:Tow
943:Top
424:cop
233:of
220:of
216:Mr
112:in
57:'s
2055::
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693:{{
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706:(
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396:D
329:.
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20:)
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