183:, which were observed seven seconds before the beginning of the occultation and seven seconds after the end of the occultation. These secondary occultations indicated that something was partially blocking the light of the background star. The symmetry of the secondary occultations and multiple observations of the event in various locations helped reconstruct not only the shape and size of the object, but also the thickness, orientation, and location of the ring planes. The relatively consistent ring properties inferred from several secondary occultation observations discredit alternative explanations for these features, such as cometary-like outgassing.
3712:
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20:
1444:
1438:
1402:
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254:
decreased. Also consistent with this edge-on orientation is that since 2008, the
Chariklo system has increased in brightness by a factor of 1.5 again, and the infrared water-ice spectral features have reappeared. This suggests that the rings are composed at least partially of water ice. An icy ring composition is also consistent with the expected density of a disrupted body within Chariklo's
222:. Negative detections were recorded by El Catalejo Observatory (Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina), the 20-inch Planewave telescope (part of the Searchlight Observatory Network) at San Pedro de Atacama, Chile and the OALM instrument at Los Molinos Astronomical Observatory in Uruguay. Some of the other participating instruments were those at the National Observatory in Rio de Janeiro, the
447:
3688:
3700:
2052:
131:
253:
The orientation of the rings is consistent with an edge-on view from Earth in 2008, explaining the observed dimming of
Chariklo between 1997 and 2008 by a factor of 1.75, as well as the gradual disappearance of water ice and other materials from its spectrum as the observed surface area of the rings
542:
The first conclusion coming from the simulations is that the density of
Chariklo has to be bigger than that of the ring matter, just in order to maintain them in orbit. Secondarily, for all tested ring particle radii and ring spatial densities, the rings did cluster in relatively short time scales.
462:
The equivalent depth (a parameter related to the total amount of material contained in the ring based on the viewing geometry) of C1R was observed to vary by 21% over the course of the observation. Similar asymmetries have been observed during occultation observations of Uranus's narrow rings, and
178:
During this event, the observed brightness was predicted to dip from magnitude 14.7 (star + Chariklo) to 18.5 (Chariklo alone) for at most 19.2 seconds. This increase of 3.8 magnitudes is equivalent to a decrease in brightness by a factor 32.5. The primary occultation event was accompanied by four
673:
Braga-Ribas, F.; Sicardy, B.; Ortiz, J. L.; Snodgrass, C.; Roques, F.; Vieira-Martins, R.; Camargo, J. I. B.; Assafin, M.; Duffard, R.; Jehin, E.; Pollock, J.; Leiva, R.; Emilio, M.; Machado, D. I.; Colazo, C.; Lellouch, E.; Skottfelt, J.; Gillon, M.; Ligier, N.; Maquet, L.; Benedetti-Rossi, G.;
82:
The existence of a ring system around a minor planet was unexpected because it had been thought that rings could only be stable around much more massive bodies. Ring systems around minor bodies had not previously been discovered despite the search for them through direct imaging and stellar
66:
consisting of two narrow and dense bands, 6–7 km (4 mi) and 2–4 km (2 mi) wide, separated by a gap of 9 kilometres (6 mi). The rings orbit at distances of about 400 kilometres (250 mi) from the centre of
Chariklo, a thousandth the distance between
453:
452:
450:
449:
454:
489:
moon, or from material released from the surface by cometary activity or rotational disruption. If the rings formed through an impact event with
Chariklo, the object must have impacted at a low velocity to prevent ring particles from being ejected beyond Chariklo's
475:
C2R is half the width of the brighter ring, and resides just outside it, at 404.8 kilometres (251.5 mi). With an optical depth of about 0.06, it is markedly more diffuse than its companion. Altogether, it has approximately a twelfth of the mass of C1R.
137:
136:
133:
132:
2129:
451:
138:
135:
580:
Ortiz, J.L.; Duffard, R.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Alvarez-Candal, A.; Santos-Sanz, P.; Morales, N.; Fernández-Valenzuela, E.; Licandro, J.; Campo
Bagatin, A.; Thirouin, A. (2015). "Possible ring material around centaur (2060) Chiron".
484:
The origin of the rings is unknown, but both are likely to be remnants of a debris disk, which could have formed via an impact on
Chariklo, a collision with or between one or more pre-existing moons, tidal disruption of a former
214:), and those of the State University of Ponta Grossa Observatory, the Polo Astronomical Pole Casimiro Montenegro Filho (at the Itaipu Technological Park Foundation, in Foz do Iguaçu), the Universidad Católica Observatory of the
245:(JWST) was used to observe the occultation of the star Gaia DR3 6873519665992128512 by Chariklo's rings, capturing the characteristic dual decrease in the star's brightness as the rings obscured the starlight at two points.
505:
are much higher (≈ 5 km/s), which could explain the absence of such ring features in minor bodies within the asteroid belt. Collisions between ring particles would cause the ring to widen substantially, and
510:
would cause the ring particles to fall onto the central body within a few million years, requiring either an active source of ring particles or dynamical confinement by small (kilometre-sized) embedded or
674:
Gomes, A. R.; Kervella, P.; Monteiro, H.; Sfair, R.; Moutamid, M. E.; Tancredi, G.; Spagnotto, J.; Maury, A.; et al. (2014-03-26). "A ring system detected around the
Centaur (10199) Chariklo".
497:
Impact velocities in the outer Solar System are typically ≈ 1 km/s (compared with the escape velocity at the surface of
Chariklo of ≈ 0.1 km/s), and were even lower before the
3615:
3189:
501:
was dynamically excited, supporting the possibility that the rings formed in the Kuiper belt before
Chariklo was transferred to its current orbit less than 10 Myr ago. Impact velocities in the
3585:
448:
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134:
515:
moons yet to be discovered. Such moons would be very challenging to detect via direct imaging from Earth due to the small radial separation of the ring system and Chariklo.
75:. The discovery was made by a team of astronomers using ten telescopes at various locations in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay in South America during observation of a
1490:
83:
occultation techniques. Chariklo's rings should disperse over a period of at most a few million years, so either they are very young, or they are actively contained by
3848:
3622:
155:
3853:
3174:
531:
between 2.5 and 10 m. Depending on parameters, the simulations involved between 21 million and 345 million particles interacting with each other through
822:
Camargo, J. I. B.; Vieira-Martins, R.; Assafin, M.; Braga-Ribas, F.; Sicardy, B.; Desmars, J.; Andrei, A. H.; Benedetti-Rossi, G.; Dias-Oliveira, A. (2013).
523:
As the smallest known celestial body with its own ring system, Chariklo and its rings are the first to have been fully simulated by numerically solving the
3319:
95:(the outer ring), after the two rivers that form the northern and southern coastal borders of Brazil. A request for formal names will be submitted to the
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1190:
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539:. The goal of the simulations was to assess under what conditions the rings remain stable; that is, do not cluster into few bigger bodies.
226:(at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro), the Oeste do Paraná State University Observatory or Unioeste (in the state of Paraná), the
3764:
2865:
951:
153:
With the aid of thirteen telescopes located in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay, a team of astronomers led by Felipe Braga Ribas (
2140:
46:. Chariklo, with a diameter of about 250 kilometres (160 mi), is the second-smallest celestial object with confirmed rings (with
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event, a phenomenon during which a star disappears behind its occulting body. The 1.54-metre Danish National Telescope at
160:
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Chariklo is the largest confirmed member of a class of small bodies known as centaurs, which orbit the Sun between
24:
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1941:
1007:
527:. The assumptions made included the planetoid and ring particles being spherical, and all particles having equal
227:
163:(ON), in Rio de Janeiro, and 65 other researchers from 34 institutions in 12 countries, was able to observe this
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may be due to resonant oscillations responsible for modulating the width and optical depth of the rings. The
3418:
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2409:
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1977:
1936:
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119:. Forecasts had shown that, as seen from South America, it would pass in front of the 12.4-magnitude star
2139:
2133:
186:
Telescopes that observed the occultation included the Danish National Telescope and the survey telescope
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They additionally noted that the effects of some of the assumptions, for instance complete absence of
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2011:
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191:
168:
2157:
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76:
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143:
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the ring particles are much smaller, on the order of 1 cm, than assumed in the simulations
3643:
3523:
3213:
3155:
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2702:
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2431:
2155:
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2018:
2005:
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3250:
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207:
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553:
there's a relatively massive, undetected as of yet, body in the system, which acts as a
3559:
3344:
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3329:
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3057:
3018:
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2607:
2585:
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2137:
870:"Brasileiros descobrem anéis semelhantes aos de Saturno em torno do asteroide Chariklo"
524:
464:
92:
88:
63:
43:
36:
218:(Santa Martina) and several at Estación Astrofísica de Bosque Alegre, operated by the
3832:
3658:
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2459:
2454:
2030:
1296:
1136:
808:
554:
512:
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172:
84:
620:
175:' camera (10 Hz), was the only telescope able to resolve the individual rings.
3736:
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3513:
3468:
3125:
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2651:
2629:
2580:
2538:
2523:
2508:
2374:
2333:
2298:
2118:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1690:
1458:
1255:
1239:
1068:
824:"Candidate stellar occultations by Centaurs and trans-Neptunian objects up to 2014"
721:
116:
51:
40:
848:
823:
612:
908:
3777:
3771:
3554:
3547:
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3537:
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3428:
3376:
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3196:
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1785:
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1751:
1741:
1268:
1199:
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491:
255:
180:
164:
47:
1127:
1092:
3796:
3743:
3483:
3062:
2646:
1961:
1817:
1768:
1746:
1736:
1654:
1637:
1601:
1582:
1532:
1157:
800:
147:
3757:
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3179:
3145:
2976:
2897:
2820:
2815:
2533:
2486:
2355:
2338:
1889:
1790:
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1682:
1613:
1496:
1421:
1313:
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536:
59:
55:
50:
being the smallest) and the fifth ringed celestial object discovered in the
1152:
1060:
713:
764:
87:
with a mass comparable to that of the rings. The team nicknamed the rings
3810:
3648:
3267:
3115:
2971:
2956:
2697:
2404:
2252:
1884:
1666:
1625:
1570:
187:
124:
1044:
705:
3052:
3040:
2966:
2365:
2343:
2218:
2203:
2023:
1648:
1594:
1551:
1466:
1426:
532:
1052:
3493:
2786:
2781:
2690:
2685:
2399:
2394:
2360:
2348:
2293:
2245:
2238:
2213:
2208:
1278:
1207:
528:
238:
112:
108:
1109:
595:
2810:
2389:
2321:
2316:
2231:
2186:
2181:
2035:
2001:
1027:
929:
688:
445:
129:
68:
18:
2442:
2326:
2191:
1876:
1414:
1334:
72:
2091:
2087:
1338:
1172:
1168:
952:"Webb Spies Chariklo Ring System With High-Precision Technique"
909:"Primeiro sistema de anéis descoberto em torno de um asteroide"
2171:
96:
2127:
1008:"A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo"
179:
additional small decreases in the overall intensity of the
789:
Gibney, E. (2014-03-26). "Asteroids can have rings too".
458:
An artist's impression of a ring system around Chariklo
171:, due to the much faster data acquisition rate of its '
932:(in Czech). Česká astronomická společnost. 2014-03-27
79:
on 3 June 2013, and was announced on 26 March 2014.
3631:
3568:
3318:
3154:
3084:
2795:
2737:
2430:
2292:
1970:
1898:
1875:
1799:
1681:
1480:
1457:
1396:
1306:
1287:
1254:
1206:
737:"Step aside Saturn: Little asteroid has rings too"
1086:
1084:
1093:"Simulating the Smallest Ring World of Chariklo"
142:Video showing the occultation of the star UCAC4
2131:
888:"Occultation by (10199) Chariklo - 2013 Jul 30"
668:
666:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
1021:(7494). European Southern Observatory: 72–75.
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
543:The authors suggest three main explanations:
2103:
1350:
1184:
1159:ESOcast 64: First Ring System Around Asteroid
8:
467:of C1R is estimated to be 30–100 g/cm.
234:(UNESP – Guaratinguetá) in São Paulo.
3081:
2289:
2285:
2110:
2096:
2088:
1429:(asteroid sample-return mission; Dec 2014)
1357:
1343:
1335:
1191:
1177:
1169:
759:
757:
550:the rings are very young (below 100 years)
1126:
1108:
1091:Michikoshi, S.; Kokubo, E. (2017-03-03).
1026:
979:"A Centaur's shadow reveals bright rings"
863:
861:
859:
847:
687:
594:
204:Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope
3623:Interstellar and circumstellar molecules
260:
3849:Astronomical objects discovered in 2013
3819:) may be read as "within" or "part of".
2847:Planetary orbit-crossing minor planets
572:
564:of the rings, have not been evaluated.
216:Pontifical Catholic University of Chile
200:Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
91:(the inner, more substantial ring) and
159:), a post-doctoral astronomer of the
27:during Chariklo's occultation in 2022
7:
3854:Centaurs (small Solar System bodies)
950:Cesari, Thaddeus (25 January 2023).
911:(in Portuguese). ESO.org. 2014-03-26
765:"First Ring System Around Asteroid"
23:Apparent brightness measurement by
930:"Kentaur Chariklo má dva prstence"
435:icy body ~0.5 km in diameter
146:by Chariklo and the corresponding
14:
1097:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
890:. Occultations.org.nz. 2013-06-12
868:Escobar, Herton (26 March 2014).
739:. Thomson Reuters. Archived from
230:or OPL (in Minas Gerais) and the
210:), the 0.45-metre ASH telescope (
16:Ring system around 10199 Chariklo
3710:
3698:
3686:
2062:
2061:
2050:
1900:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1400:
1153:Universidad Católica Observatory
442:Inner ring (2013C1R or Oiapoque)
348:icy body ~1 km in diameter
62:. Orbiting Chariklo is a bright
3586:Gravitationally rounded objects
123:, located in the constellation
220:National University of Córdoba
1:
769:European Southern Observatory
2077:Category:2015 in outer space
2072:Category:2014 in outer space
2067:Category:2013 in outer space
828:Astronomy & Astrophysics
583:Astronomy & Astrophysics
471:Outer ring (2013C2R or Chuí)
291:Radial separation (km)
288:Gap between rings (km)
3681:Outline of the Solar System
3444:Interplanetary medium/space
2014:(Mars orbit insertion; Sep)
977:Parker, Alex (2014-03-27).
849:10.1051/0004-6361/201322579
735:Klotz, Irene (2014-03-27).
613:10.1051/0004-6361/201424461
3875:
3397:Extraterrestrial materials
1980:K2 mission extension (May)
956:James Webb Space Telescope
243:James Webb Space Telescope
232:São Paulo State University
103:Discovery and observations
3717:Earth sciences portal
3676:
3439:Interplanetary dust cloud
2283:
2125:
2045:
1942:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
1491:Asteroid close approaches
1434:
1370:
801:10.1038/nature.2014.14937
359:
350:
273:Orbital radius (km)
228:Pico dos Dias Observatory
3730:Local Interstellar Cloud
2448:other near-Earth objects
1128:10.3847/2041-8213/aa6256
1006:Braga-Ribas, F. (2014).
237:On 18 October 2022, the
35:are a set of two narrow
3693:Solar System portal
3419:Giant-impact hypothesis
3026:Trans-Neptunian objects
983:Planetary Society blogs
840:2014A&A...561A..37C
508:Poynting–Robertson drag
282:Surface density (g/cm)
241:instrument onboard the
3581:Possible dwarf planets
3424:Gravitational collapse
3362:Circumstellar envelope
2167:
2057:Outer space portal
2026:; Sep 2014 / Mar 2015)
1937:C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)
459:
150:
28:
3790:Laniakea Supercluster
3407:Sample-return mission
2166:
1947:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
1932:C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)
1867:Laniakea Supercluster
1472:2014 Ontario fireball
987:The Planetary Society
457:
285:Size-equivalent mass
141:
22:
3705:Astronomy portal
3606:Solar System objects
3352:Circumplanetary disk
2012:Mars Orbiter Mission
1398:Space probe launches
1324:Circumplanetary disc
874:O Estado de S. Paulo
743:on December 29, 2019
192:La Silla Observatory
169:La Silla Observatory
161:National Observatory
3844:2014 in outer space
3804:Observable universe
3601:Solar System models
3531:Protoplanetary disk
3454:Interstellar medium
3414:Frost/Ice/Snow line
1957:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
1952:C/2014 Q3 (Borisov)
1916:C/2014 E2 (Jacques)
1911:C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)
1246:Rings of exoplanets
1119:2017ApJ...837L..13M
1045:10.1038/nature13155
1037:2014Natur.508...72B
706:10.1038/nature13155
698:2014Natur.508...72B
605:2015yCat..35760018O
263:
224:Valongo Observatory
77:stellar occultation
3784:Virgo Supercluster
3765:Milky Way subgroup
3596:Natural satellites
3479:Nebular hypothesis
3459:Interstellar space
3449:Interstellar cloud
3357:Circumstellar disc
2947:Near-Earth objects
2831:names and meanings
2168:
2038:mission ends; Dec)
1319:Circumstellar disc
460:
262:Rings of Chariklo
261:
151:
127:, on 3 June 2013.
29:
3826:
3825:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3644:Lagrangian points
3616:by discovery date
3214:Human spaceflight
3185:historical models
3078:
3077:
2703:S/2015 (136472) 1
2085:
2084:
1971:Space exploration
1812:Rings of Chariklo
1332:
1331:
1264:Rings of Chariklo
767:(Press release).
455:
439:
438:
202:), the Brazilian
196:PROMPT Telescopes
139:
99:at a later date.
33:rings of Chariklo
3866:
3820:
3818:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3392:Exozodiacal dust
3082:
3048:Detached objects
2290:
2286:
2130:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2089:
2065:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2053:
1994:(orbits/landing
1926:
1904:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1833:(532037) 2013 FY
1828:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1621:
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1618:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1597:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1559:(529366) 2009 WM
1554:
1547:
1545:(410777) 2009 FD
1540:
1538:
1537:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1521:(388188) 2006 DP
1516:
1514:
1513:
1509:(163132) 2002 CU
1504:
1502:
1501:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1413:(mission to the
1404:
1387:
1380:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1336:
1231:Rings of Neptune
1216:Rings of Jupiter
1193:
1186:
1179:
1170:
1160:
1141:
1140:
1130:
1112:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1030:
1012:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
993:
974:
968:
967:
965:
963:
947:
941:
940:
938:
937:
926:
920:
919:
917:
916:
905:
899:
898:
896:
895:
884:
878:
877:
876:(in Portuguese).
865:
854:
853:
851:
819:
813:
812:
786:
780:
779:
777:
776:
761:
752:
751:
749:
748:
732:
726:
725:
691:
670:
625:
624:
598:
577:
456:
429:
428:
427:
418:
417:
416:
406:
405:
404:
395:
394:
393:
383:
381:
366:
364:
357:
355:
342:
340:
334:
332:
325:
323:
317:
315:
308:
306:
264:
158:
140:
121:UCAC4 248-108672
3874:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3859:Planetary rings
3829:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3711:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3687:
3685:
3672:
3663:
3627:
3564:
3548:vs. Hill sphere
3474:Molecular cloud
3402:Sample curation
3382:Detached object
3321:
3314:
3158:
3150:
3087:
3074:
3019:Neptune trojans
2802:
2800:
2798:
2791:
2733:
2426:
2297:
2279:
2165:
2128:
2121:
2116:
2086:
2081:
2051:
2049:
2041:
2008:insertion; Sep)
1966:
1925:
1921:
1894:
1871:
1856:
1852:
1848:486958 Arrokoth
1846:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1807:SMSS J0313−6708
1795:
1697:Beta Pictoris b
1677:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1593:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1476:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1432:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1366:
1363:
1333:
1328:
1302:
1283:
1279:Rings of Quaoar
1269:Rings of Chiron
1250:
1226:Rings of Uranus
1221:Rings of Saturn
1202:
1197:
1158:
1149:
1144:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1073:
1071:
1010:
1005:
1004:
1000:
991:
989:
976:
975:
971:
961:
959:
949:
948:
944:
935:
933:
928:
927:
923:
914:
912:
907:
906:
902:
893:
891:
886:
885:
881:
867:
866:
857:
821:
820:
816:
788:
787:
783:
774:
772:
771:. 26 March 2014
763:
762:
755:
746:
744:
734:
733:
729:
682:(7494): 72–75.
672:
671:
628:
579:
578:
574:
570:
521:
482:
473:
446:
444:
425:
423:
422:
420:
414:
412:
411:
409:
402:
400:
399:
397:
391:
389:
388:
386:
379:
377:
362:
360:
353:
351:
338:
336:
330:
328:
321:
319:
313:
311:
304:
302:
251:
154:
130:
105:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3872:
3870:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3831:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3720:
3719:
3707:
3695:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3560:Scattered disc
3557:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3345:Excretion disk
3340:Accretion disk
3337:
3332:
3330:Star formation
3326:
3324:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3275:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3219:space stations
3211:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3058:Scattered disc
3055:
3050:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2729:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2436:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2303:
2301:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2059:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2027:
2015:
2009:
1999:
1981:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1844:
1829:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1663:
1651:
1646:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1505:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1418:
1407:
1405:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1339:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1307:Related topics
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1293:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1274:Ring of Haumea
1271:
1266:
1260:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1236:Rings of Earth
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1155:
1148:
1147:External links
1145:
1143:
1142:
1080:
998:
969:
942:
921:
900:
879:
855:
814:
781:
753:
727:
626:
571:
569:
566:
558:
557:
551:
548:
525:N-body problem
520:
517:
481:
478:
472:
469:
465:column density
443:
440:
437:
436:
433:
430:
407:
384:
375:
372:
368:
367:
358:
349:
346:
343:
326:
309:
300:
297:
293:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
279:Optical depth
277:
274:
271:
268:
250:
247:
104:
101:
85:shepherd moons
44:10199 Chariklo
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3871:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3821:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3718:
3708:
3706:
3696:
3694:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3660:
3659:Tidal locking
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3639:Double planet
3637:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3591:Minor planets
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3524:Merging stars
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3126:Subsatellites
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3086:Hypothetical
3083:
3080:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2952:Asteroid belt
2950:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2826:Minor planets
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2060:
2058:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2031:Venus Express
2028:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1862:ULAS J0015+01
1860:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1830:
1824:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1664:
1661:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1635:
1632:
1623:
1620:
1611:
1608:
1599:
1596:
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1589:
1580:
1577:
1568:
1565:
1556:
1553:
1549:
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1542:
1539:
1530:
1527:
1518:
1515:
1506:
1503:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1459:Impact events
1456:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1365:2014 in space
1360:
1355:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1299:(unconfirmed)
1298:
1297:Rings of Rhea
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1256:Minor planets
1253:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1002:
999:
988:
984:
980:
973:
970:
957:
953:
946:
943:
931:
925:
922:
910:
904:
901:
889:
883:
880:
875:
871:
864:
862:
860:
856:
850:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
818:
815:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
793:
785:
782:
770:
766:
760:
758:
754:
742:
738:
731:
728:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
690:
685:
681:
677:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
631:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
597:
592:
588:
584:
576:
573:
567:
565:
563:
556:
555:shepherd moon
552:
549:
546:
545:
544:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
518:
516:
514:
509:
504:
503:asteroid belt
500:
495:
493:
488:
479:
477:
470:
468:
466:
441:
434:
431:
408:
385:
376:
373:
370:
369:
347:
344:
327:
310:
301:
298:
295:
294:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
265:
259:
257:
248:
246:
244:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
184:
182:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
149:
145:
128:
126:
122:
118:
115:in the outer
114:
110:
102:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
80:
78:
74:
70:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
26:
21:
3839:Solar System
3815:Each arrow (
3737:Local Bubble
3723:Solar System
3721:
3514:Planetesimal
3469:Kuiper cliff
3197:Space probes
3170:Colonization
3009:Kirkwood gap
2930:Saturn Moons
2843:Planetesimal
2761:
2307:Terrestrials
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2196:
2119:Solar System
2070:
2029:
2022:(approaches
2017:
1989:
1983:
1811:
1727:HIP 116454 b
1722:GU Piscium b
1717:Gliese 832 c
1712:Gliese 682 c
1707:Gliese 180 c
1702:Gliese 15 Ab
1695:rotation of
1691:51 Eridani b
1420:
1411:Chang'e 5-T1
1263:
1240:space debris
1200:Ring systems
1100:
1096:
1072:. Retrieved
1018:
1014:
1001:
990:. Retrieved
982:
972:
960:. Retrieved
955:
945:
934:. Retrieved
924:
913:. Retrieved
903:
892:. Retrieved
882:
873:
831:
827:
817:
790:
784:
773:. Retrieved
745:. Retrieved
741:the original
730:
679:
675:
586:
582:
575:
562:eccentricity
559:
541:
522:
496:
483:
474:
461:
252:
236:
208:Cerro Pachón
185:
177:
173:Lucky Imager
152:
117:Solar System
106:
81:
54:, after the
52:Solar System
41:minor planet
32:
30:
3778:Local Sheet
3772:Local Group
3555:Rubble pile
3543:Roche limit
3538:Ring system
3489:Outer space
3464:Kuiper belt
3434:Hill sphere
3429:Hills cloud
3377:Debris disk
3372:Cosmic dust
3156:Exploration
3111:Planet Nine
3096:Fifth giant
3070:Hills cloud
3031:Kuiper belt
3002:exceptional
2918:Trojan camp
1842:(announced)
1827:(announced)
1800:Discoveries
1786:Kepler-421b
1764:Kepler-298d
1742:Kepler-186f
1417:; Oct 2014)
519:Simulations
499:Kuiper belt
492:Hill sphere
276:Width (km)
256:Roche limit
212:Cerro Burek
181:light curve
165:occultation
64:ring system
48:2060 Chiron
39:around the
3833:Categories
3797:Local Hole
3744:Gould Belt
3484:Oort cloud
3320:Formation,
3310:Deep space
3146:Vulcanoids
3063:Oort cloud
2987:first 1000
2923:Greek camp
2821:Meteoroids
2816:Damocloids
2762:Charikloan
2006:Mars orbit
1998:; Aug/Nov)
1962:15P/Finlay
1927:(Catalina)
1769:Kepler-419
1747:Kepler-296
1737:Kepler-93b
1683:Exoplanets
1110:1702.06356
1103:(1): L13.
1074:2014-04-13
1053:10023/6777
992:2014-04-02
936:2014-03-29
915:2014-03-28
894:2014-03-27
775:2014-03-26
747:2014-03-28
596:1501.05911
568:References
537:collisions
487:retrograde
249:Properties
148:lightcurve
144:248-108672
60:ice giants
56:gas giants
3758:Milky Way
3751:Orion Arm
3519:Formation
3504:Migration
3499:Disrupted
3367:Coatlicue
3335:Accretion
3322:evolution
3268:Asteroids
3180:astronomy
3175:Discovery
3036:Cubewanos
2957:Asteroids
2787:Quaoarian
2777:Neptunian
2767:Chironean
2752:Saturnian
2534:Enceladus
1922:C/2013 UQ
1890:iPTF14hls
1791:WASP-104b
1732:Kapteyn b
1481:Selected
1422:Hayabusa2
1314:Gas torus
1137:119088136
1028:1409.7259
809:211729137
689:1409.7259
299:Oiapoque
270:Nickname
206:or SOAR (
3811:Universe
3649:Moonlets
3229:programs
3202:timeline
3190:timeline
3121:Planet X
3116:Planet V
3053:Sednoids
3041:Plutinos
3014:Centaurs
2992:families
2727:Dysnomia
2715:Xiangliu
2710:Gonggong
2698:Makemake
2657:Kerberos
2544:Hyperion
2482:Callisto
2477:Ganymede
2410:Gonggong
2405:Makemake
2260:Gonggong
2253:Makemake
1885:SN 2014J
1388: »
1061:24670644
962:14 April
714:24670644
621:38950384
513:shepherd
371:2013C2R
296:2013C1R
188:TRAPPIST
125:Scorpius
89:Oiapoque
71:and the
3632:Related
3611:by size
3300:Neptune
3285:Jupiter
3236:Mercury
3161:outline
3106:Phaeton
3101:Nemesis
3088:objects
2940:Neptune
2913:Jupiter
2893:Trojans
2886:Neptune
2871:Jupiter
2851:Mercury
2782:Haumean
2772:Uranian
2754: (
2674:Hiʻiaka
2608:Proteus
2598:Neptune
2586:Miranda
2576:Umbriel
2566:Titania
2554:all 146
2519:Iapetus
2472:Jupiter
2366:Neptune
2344:Jupiter
2312:Mercury
2294:Planets
2219:Neptune
2204:Jupiter
2177:Mercury
1985:Rosetta
1899:Comets
1853:2014 MU
1818:2012 VP
1667:2014 XL
1655:2014 SC
1649:2014 RC
1638:2014 OL
1626:2014 OO
1614:2014 LY
1602:2014 HQ
1595:2014 EC
1583:2014 DX
1571:2014 AF
1552:2009 RR
1533:2007 VK
1497:2000 EM
1467:2014 AA
1427:PROCYON
1375:«
1208:Planets
1164:YouTube
1115:Bibcode
1069:4467484
1033:Bibcode
836:Bibcode
834:: A37.
722:4467484
694:Bibcode
601:Bibcode
589:: A18.
533:gravity
345:30–100
3806:
3799:
3792:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3654:Syzygy
3576:Comets
3509:System
3494:Planet
3387:EXCEDE
3295:Uranus
3290:Saturn
3280:Comets
3273:mining
3251:mining
3141:Vulcan
2982:active
2977:Hygiea
2972:Pallas
2935:Uranus
2881:Uranus
2876:Saturn
2811:Comets
2803:bodies
2801:System
2747:Jovian
2691:Weywot
2686:Quaoar
2679:Namaka
2669:Haumea
2642:Charon
2618:all 16
2613:Nereid
2603:Triton
2591:all 28
2571:Oberon
2561:Uranus
2549:Phoebe
2529:Tethys
2504:Saturn
2497:all 95
2492:Europa
2465:Deimos
2460:Phobos
2439:Earth
2400:Quaoar
2395:Haumea
2375:Dwarfs
2361:Uranus
2349:Saturn
2334:Giants
2299:dwarfs
2246:Quaoar
2239:Haumea
2214:Uranus
2209:Saturn
1991:Philae
1978:Kepler
1135:
1067:
1059:
1015:Nature
958:. NASA
807:
792:Nature
720:
712:
676:Nature
619:
480:Origin
239:NIRCam
194:, the
113:Uranus
109:Saturn
3569:Lists
3305:Pluto
3263:Ceres
3241:Venus
3136:Tyche
3131:Theia
2967:Vesta
2962:Ceres
2903:Earth
2898:Venus
2861:Earth
2856:Venus
2836:moons
2799:Solar
2797:Small
2756:Rhean
2739:Rings
2652:Hydra
2637:Pluto
2630:Vanth
2625:Orcus
2581:Ariel
2539:Mimas
2524:Dione
2509:Titan
2432:Moons
2420:Sedna
2390:Pluto
2385:Orcus
2380:Ceres
2322:Earth
2317:Venus
2274:Sedna
2232:Pluto
2225:Orcus
2198:Ceres
2187:Earth
2182:Venus
2036:Venus
2024:Ceres
2002:MAVEN
1877:Novae
1289:Moons
1133:S2CID
1105:arXiv
1065:S2CID
1023:arXiv
1011:(PDF)
805:S2CID
718:S2CID
684:arXiv
617:S2CID
591:arXiv
529:radii
426:−0.03
424:+0.05
415:−0.01
413:+0.06
378:404.8
374:Chuí
341:0.008
337:0.317
333:0.009
329:0.449
303:390.6
267:Name
69:Earth
37:rings
3258:Mars
3246:Moon
3224:list
3207:list
2908:Mars
2866:Mars
2722:Eris
2662:Styx
2514:Rhea
2455:Mars
2443:Moon
2415:Eris
2327:Mars
2267:Eris
2192:Mars
2019:Dawn
1483:NEOs
1415:Moon
1385:2015
1378:2013
1057:PMID
964:2023
710:PMID
535:and
421:0.07
410:0.05
403:−1.4
401:+1.1
392:−2.0
390:+1.3
361:14.2
324:0.14
320:7.17
316:0.11
312:6.16
156:cite
111:and
93:Chuí
73:Moon
58:and
31:The
25:JWST
2997:PHA
2647:Nix
2356:Ice
2339:Gas
2172:Sun
1996:67P
1821:113
1658:324
1641:339
1605:124
1586:110
1536:184
1162:on
1123:doi
1101:837
1049:hdl
1041:doi
1019:508
844:doi
832:561
797:doi
702:doi
680:508
609:doi
587:576
419:to
398:3.6
396:to
387:3.4
382:3.3
365:0.2
356:0.4
352:8.7
335:to
318:to
307:3.3
190:of
97:IAU
3835::
2758:?)
2487:Io
2075:—
2069:—
1855:69
1836:27
1617:21
1524:14
1512:11
1500:26
1425:/
1131:.
1121:.
1113:.
1099:.
1095:.
1083:^
1063:.
1055:.
1047:.
1039:.
1031:.
1017:.
1013:.
985:.
981:.
954:.
872:.
858:^
842:.
830:.
826:.
803:.
795:.
756:^
716:.
708:.
700:.
692:.
678:.
629:^
615:.
607:.
599:.
585:.
494:.
432:?
258:.
3817:→
3808:→
3801:→
3794:→
3787:→
3781:→
3775:→
3769:→
3762:→
3755:→
3748:→
3741:→
3734:→
3727:→
3163:)
3159:(
2296:,
2111:e
2104:t
2097:v
2034:(
2004:(
1988:/
1924:4
1858:)
1851:(
1779:c
1774:b
1757:f
1752:e
1670:7
1629:6
1574:5
1562:1
1358:e
1351:t
1344:v
1242:)
1238:(
1192:e
1185:t
1178:v
1139:.
1125::
1117::
1107::
1077:.
1051::
1043::
1035::
1025::
995:.
966:.
939:.
918:.
897:.
852:.
846::
838::
811:.
799::
778:.
750:.
724:.
704::
696::
686::
623:.
611::
603::
593::
380:±
363:±
354:±
339:±
331:±
322:±
314:±
305:±
198:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
