850:
703:
Pliny's
Natural History, 1848, p 126, Philemon Holland, Wernerian Club, Wernerian Club. Pliny only borrowed the information earlier prepared by Megasthenese, who is believed to have been a Greek ambassador in the court of Chandragupta Maurya after the Chandragupta Maurya had won war against Seleucid
693:
See: List of Indian Races, p 129 of
Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and Arrian, 1877,, a tr. of the fragments of the Indika of Megasthenes collected by Schwanbeck and of the 1st part of the Indika of Arrian, by J.W. McCrindle. With intr., notes. Repr., with additions, from the 'Indian
584:, 1969, pp 86, 87, International Institute of Tamil Studies ā Tamil philology; Also see: International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics: IJDL., 1984, p 348, University of Kerala Dept. of Linguistics ā Dravidian languages; India and Central Asia, 1955, p 31-32, Prof P. C. Bagchi.
195:
compares the
Kambojas and the Rishikas, describing them both as "despised" people. The Kambojan king Chandravarma is described as an incarnation of Daitya Chandra and the sage, Rishika ("from the Rishika tribe"), is described as an incarnation of Danva Arka.
731:
The
Ramayana of Valmiki: An Epic of Ancient India, Volume 4: Kiskindhakanda, 151, Rosalind Lefeber; Ethnic Settlements in Ancient India: (a Study on the Puranic Lists of the Peoples of Bharatavarsa), 1955, p 71, Dr Sashi Bhusan
286:. The Taxillae and Peucolaitae are Gandharans of the Indian traditions while the Asoi, Osii/Orsi and Aseni appear yet other variants of the Assaceni (Aspasioi) and Assacani (Assakenoi)āthe Asvayana and Asvakayana of
653:
Those other car-warriors with golden standards, O king, whom you see, and who, like the wild elephants are difficult of being resisted, they are called the
Kambojas. They are brave, a learned people (
657:) and are firmly devoted to the science of weapons. Desiring one another's welfare, they are all highly united and mutually co-operative. They constitute a full Akshauhini of wrathful warriors.
675:
Chandra
Chakraberty ā Ethnology; Literary History of Ancient India in Relation to Its Racial and Linguistic Affiliations, 1953, pp 148, 152, Chandra Chakraberty ā Sanskrit literature.
215:
160:
Sanskrit scholar Ishwa Mishra believes that the
Rishikas were synonymous with the Parama Kambojas. V. S. Aggarwala also relates the Parama Kambojas of the
125:
According to traditional accounts, during the 2nd century BCE a subgroup of
Rishikas migrated to southwestern India and settled there, crossing
203:
Chandravarma is a
Rishikan, rather than a Kambojan, king. The Kambojas and Rishikas appear side-by-side in a verse. In the Udyogaparava of the
816:
cf: Ethnic
Settlements in Ancient India: (a Study on the Puranic Lists of the Peoples of Bharatavarsa), 1955, p 71, Dr Sashi Bhusan Chaudhuri.
282:(23ā79 AD) mentions Osii (Orsi), Asoi, Aseni, Taxillae and Peucolaitae as Indian peoples living in the upper Indus valley south of the
455:'s mistake, since the Paradas, not the Daradas, are associated with the military confederation of the Sakas, Kambojas and Pahlavas (
551:
India as Known to PÄį¹ini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashį¹ÄdhyÄyÄ«, 1953, p 64, Dr Vasudeva Sharana Agrawala ā India.
442:"The kings of the Shakas, Pahlavas, Daradas and the Kamboja Rishikas live in the west in Anupadesa, or the seacoast regions."
838:, Poona; Foreign Elements in Ancient Indian Society, 2nd Century BC to 7th Century AD ā 1979, p 125, Uma Prasad Thapliyal.
871:
666:
India as Known to PÄį¹ini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashtadhyayi, 1953, p 321, Vasudeva Sharana Agrawala.
92:
not only suggests a distinction, but also adds an internal division ā sub-divisions within the Rishikas known as the
542:
See: The Deeds of Harsha: Being a Cultural Study of BÄį¹a's Harshacharita, 1969, p 199, Dr Vasudeva Sharana Agrawala.
900:
860:
572:
Geographical and Economic Studies in the MahÄbhÄrata: UpÄyana Parva, 1945, p 19, Dr Moti Chandra ā India.
835:
130:
394:
refers to this second branch of the Rishikas, placing them in Dakshinapatha near the Vidarbhas. The
395:
67:
834:
Cultural History from Vayu Purana, 1973, p 27, fn 185, Reprint of 1946 Edition, published by
221:
of people is implied, according to some authorities, by the name "Rishika" in the Matsya and
279:
161:
104:
401:
61:
329:. The allied Lohan, Parama-Kamboja, northern and Parama Rishika tribes fought with the
108:
507:
412:
and Markendeya Purana identify Kamboja and Pahlava settlements in southwestern India.
287:
176:. Similarly, Moti Chandra sees a close ethnic connection between the Kambojas and the
894:
744:.. 145.86; See also: Vayu Purana 59.84ā94; Geographical Data in Early Puranas, p 31).
472:
375:
355:
303:
246:
482:
477:
383:
218:
155:
32:
245:
cited by the ancient Greeks. J. C. Vidyalankar believes that the Rishikas are the
694:
antiquary', . Megasthenes, Flavius Arrianus, Translated by John Watson McCrindle.
502:
337:
274:
269:
222:
126:
119:
77:
49:
299:
283:
36:
187:
describes the Lohas, Kambojas and Rishikas as neighboring tribes west of the
180:. And other scholars believe that the Kambojas were a branch of the Yuezhi.
84:
Some historians believe the Rishikas were a part of, or synonymous with, the
291:
188:
169:
72:
849:
295:
379:
342:
250:
85:
55:
44:
40:
460:
452:
448:
424:
387:
330:
173:
103:
Classical literary texts state that the Rishikas were neighbors of the
420:
333:
257:
238:
177:
138:
134:
260:, according to one view, alludes to their connections with horses (
359:
172:. According to B. N. Puri, the Kambojas were a branch of the
113:
684:
See quote in: Problems of Ancient India, 2000, p 4, K. D. Sethna.
242:
843:
634:
sa.nhatashcha bhrisha.n hyete anyonyasya hitaishinah.||44||
207:, the Kambojas and Rishikas are described as one people (
867:
336:
during their Digvijay expedition against the tribes of
637:
akshauhinyashcha sa.nrabdha dhartarahhtrasya bharata.|
631:
shurashcha kritavidyashcha dhanurvede cha nishthitah.|
237:
Some scholars have proposed that the Rishikas are the
874:
to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.
530:
taraka maya sankashah Paramarshika parthayoh ||25||
398:also attests to the Rishikas of the Dakshinapatha.
249:in general (or perhaps only the dynasty founded by
625:ye tvete rathino rajandrishyante kanchanadhvajah.|
225:. The Kambojas, in the Dronaparava section of the
628:ete durvarana nama Kamboja yadi te shrutah.||43||
524:sahita.nstanmaharaja vyajayatpakashasanih ||24||
500:However, the Rishikas are not mentioned in the
437:Kamboja Rishika ye cha pashchim anupakash cha ye
433:Shakanam Pahlavana.n cha Daradanam cha ye nripah
370:Verses in Karanaparava and Bhishmaparava of the
325:The Rishikas fought in the war described in the
836:Deccan College Post Graduate Research Institute
527:Rishikeshu tu sanggramo babhuvAtibhaya.n karah|
16:Ancient Kingdom of Central Asia and South Asia
8:
825:Harivamsa 14.1ā19; Vayu Purana: v 88.127-43.
404:identifies Rishikas in Dakshinapatha in the
229:, are also described as a scholarly people:
533:{Mahabharata, Critical Edition, 2.25.24ā25.
419:associates the Rishikas with the Kambojas,
807:Geographical data in Early Puranas, p 135.
521:Lohan.ParamaKambojan.Rishikan.uttaranapi |
268:). Based on the earlier information from
256:The name "Asii" (or "Asioi" mentioned by
611:Mahabharata 5.5.15, see the verse above.
493:
302:were notable Kamboja groups engaged in
459:or "five hordes" of Kshatriyas in the
762:Kiskindhakanda, 145, Rosalind Lefeber
358:the Rishikas were descendants of the
7:
427:near the Anupa region (Anupadesha):
771:Markendeya Purana Chapter 58.20ā28.
241:of ancient Chinese sources, or the
859:needs additional or more specific
451:in the verse above appear to be a
415:Evidence from Udyogaparava of the
346:also refers to northern Rishikas.
310:Ancient Indian literary references
14:
848:
340:. The Kishikindha Kanda of the
366:Rishikas in southwestern India
47:literary texts, including the
1:
31:) was an ancient Kingdom of
798:Markendeya Purana 58.30ā32.
780:Brhat Samhita Ch XIV.11ā16.
386:. The Kishikindha Kanda of
917:
153:
150:KambojaāRishika connection
118:("Sakaland") (most likely
789:Brhat Samhita XIV.17ā19.
742:Rishika.putra.rishikastu
582:Journal of Tamil Studies
561:Buddhism in Central Asia
183:The Sabhaparava of the
164:to the Rishikas of the
39:, who are mentioned in
463:texts, for instance).
445:
199:In one version of the
191:. The Adiparva of the
429:
374:refer to Rishikas in
362:, or inspired poets.
96:("northern") and the
753:Mahabharata 6.10.63.
722:Mahabharata 2.27.27.
713:Mahabharata 2.27.25.
649:English translation:
145:Historical identity
889:
888:
872:adding categories
704:in about 302 BCE.
642:(MBH 7.112.43ā44)
396:Markandeya Purana
68:Markendeya Purana
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280:Pliny the Elder
272:' (350-290 BC)
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233:Other Evidences
162:Pamir Mountains
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105:Parama Kambojas
88:. However, the
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209:Kambojarishika
154:Main article:
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100:("supreme") .
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410:Brhat Samhita
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376:Dakshinapatha
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356:Matsya Purana
354:According to
350:Matsya Purana
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655:kritavidyash
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593:MBH II.27.25
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483:Uttara Kurus
478:Kuru Kingdom
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223:Vayu Puranas
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156:Sage Kamboja
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33:Central Asia
28:
24:
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880:August 2024
503:Ashtadhyayi
457:PÄnca-ganah
417:Mahabharata
372:Mahabharata
338:Uttarapatha
327:Mahabharata
316:Mahabharata
270:Megasthenes
227:Mahabharata
205:Mahabharata
201:Mahabharata
193:Mahabharata
185:Mahabharata
166:Mahabharata
131:Balochistan
127:Afghanistan
120:Transoxiana
90:Mahabharata
78:Mahabhashya
50:Mahabharata
861:categories
732:Chaudhuri.
489:References
300:Assakenois
284:Hindu Kush
37:South Asia
622:Sanskrit:
292:Katyayana
216:scholarly
189:Himalayas
170:Shakdvipa
73:Patanjali
895:Category
868:help out
563:, p. 90.
467:See also
439:(5.5.15)
425:Pahlavas
392:Ramayana
380:Janapada
343:Ramayana
320:Ramayana
296:Aspasios
251:Kanishka
174:Tukharas
107:and the
86:Kambojas
56:Ramayana
45:Sanskrit
21:Rishikas
866:Please
461:Puranic
453:copyist
449:Daradas
388:Valmiki
331:Pandava
294:). The
247:Kushans
508:PÄį¹ini
421:Shakas
360:Rishis
334:Arjuna
288:PÄį¹ini
275:Indica
258:Strabo
239:Yuezhi
178:Yuezhi
139:Sovira
135:Sindhu
116:-dvipa
98:Parama
94:Uttara
65:, the
59:, the
53:, the
25:Rshika
23:(also
382:near
378:as a
219:class
109:Lohas
71:and
41:Hindu
29:į¹į¹£ika
447:The
423:and
318:and
298:and
290:and
266:assa
262:asva
253:).
243:Asii
137:and
114:Saka
43:and
35:and
27:and
19:The
870:by
506:of
390:'s
264:or
211:).
122:).
111:in
75:'s
897::
640:ā
408:.
306:.
278:,
214:A
141:.
133:,
129:,
81:.
882:)
878:(
864:.
510:.
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